Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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<*H? M?i????B+?? II IT ? VOLUME VI Br M. SAC LKAY. ? ? ii T?*?:?Published weeklj^at three dollars a s year; with an addition. whwTnot jraid w.thin . three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the paper at litre doiiars in advance; and ten at twenty. f ^. Four subscribers, not receiving their papers tj in town, may p iy a year's subscription with ten j| dollars, in advance. j , A year's subscription always due in advance. ? ? ? j.A.s - :i t capers not aisconunueu toavivnu stuuwuucig I in arrears. Advertisements not exceeding lfi lines inserted (] r one dollar ihe first time, and fifty cents each g ubseqnent timo. For insertions at interval" of ^ two weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar If the intervals are longer. Payment due in g advance for advertisements. When the number of insertions is not marked on the copy, the advertisement will be inserted, and charged tdi dered out. O* The postage most be paid on letters to the editor on the bonnes* of the office. a I emmm~?w??? ? S< r< _j_ o From the Boston Courier. a THK FOURTH AGRICULTURAL MEETING.? LIVR STOCK. 3 The fourth agricultural meeting was held at the State [louse, on the evening 'r of the 4th inst., Hon. D. P. King in the J a chair. The subject of discussion was * live stock. " Mr. Colman introduced the subject bv 11 ^ a succinct account of the various breeds which had been and were to be found in 11 the country; enumerating and describing the native stock, the Devon, the Here- ,e ford, the Yorkshire, the Holderness, the ?' Alderney, the improved Durham Short w Horn, the Ayrshire, and lastly a new race, which, by the skill and perseverance of a gentleman from whom the meeting a. would hear presently, had been formed in rl our vicinity; and in some respects was not re surpassed by any breed known among us, v< or in the world, particularly for the rich- 'c neas of their milkaud the amount of but- ^ ter obtained from it. Cl He proceeded to speak of some remarkable animals of our native breed which bad fallen under hi9 observation. The 113 Oakescow, which in one instance made 18 1-4 lbs. butter per week; an average , of more than 16 lbs. per week for three ,c months in succession* and 484 lbs. from the 1st of May to the 30th of December P* in one year, besides suckling a calf for six weeks; of the Nourse cow, formerly Jj( AurnMi Kv Pickering, from which more then 14 IJw. per week were obtained aa for four successive months; of a cow at SJ*' Stockbridge, which, in three successive J" years, made 900 lbs. of butter; of a cow . owned in Shelburn, which produced 335 c> lbs. of butter in one year; and a cow in w North-Adams, which produced 425 lbs. Pr of butter in one year. or These were extraordinary examples. Others might be found. But they are in- c? dividual instances; and among our native a stock we have no established race of animais. whose excellent qualities may be pronounced fixed by always breeding from lhe very best, unless it be in the case ulfoadv referred to. m In England, great attention for more 11 than halfa century had been paid to this subject, and by the highest skill and the a most determined perseverance, valuable w races had been formed. Bake well may ^ be said to have begun these improve- P( ments. The Messrs. Collins pursued it 01 with distinguished ability and liberality. l.r The country patronized and encouraged such improvements by the most liberal * * * * 1 * * a I * <VAA Si prices paid tor the improved stock; iuuu guineas having been given at a public sale ,T1 for the Messrs. Collins's celebrated bull Cornet; and 400 and 600 guineas having been sometimes given for a cow, and more than 100 guineas for a calf. Mr. Colman proceeded to say that no permanent improvement can be made but * by intelligence of observation and long a continued perseverance in selecting the & best from the best, and breeding animals 4! with a special reference to the most desir- el able qualities. We have great advan- ^ tages in this country, inasmuch as we ^ can at once avail ourselves of the im- j provements made in Great Britain; and ^ if the introduction of their stork would . bean advantage, the best animals could *L be obtained at once. Mr. Colman spoke of the various ?mportntions which had been mads by differ- ^ ent public-spirited individuals, many of which he had had the pleasure of seeing, ?' especially some of the splendid importa s. tions made bv spirited citizens from Ohio. " the beauty of which animals, their admirable symmetry, and the perfection to 1X1 which art, guided by the most philosophi- J* cal principles, had carried these improve- I1 inents, excited the highe t admiration. 11 He then proceeded to speak of the dis- 01 tinguished liberality of a gentleman in ?' the vicinity of Boston, who, with a view to obtain the best milking stock known !' ^ abroad, had imported largely of the Ayr^ shire, a stock deemed abroad the best ol stock known for dairy purposes. This same gentleman, with his customary publie spirit, had given away many of these animals with a view to the improvement r< ofthe stock, and had in the most liberal ^ manner rendered these improvements ac- u cessibie to any farmers who chose to avail themselves of them. The {Massachusetts c Agricultural Society, with their usual lib- J erality, had done the same. Mr. Colman having gone to some ex- ? tent into the characteristics of the differ- j: ent breeds, from personal observation, . inquiry, and experiment, concluded by Jinn 4L CULT ayingthat a gentleman present by his l nvitaiion, who was well skilled in the l ubject now under discussion, and was i imself the founder of the race of animals i n which he had referred, would detail i ully his progress and success in forming his new race of animals; and would give i hem, before the meeting closed, an ocuir demonstration of the superlative quali- | y of their cream. I Col. Samuel Jaqucs of Charlestown, lie well known superintendent of the < itock Farm at Ten Hills, then addressed ; lie meeting at some length, but with much : ood sense, and excellent humor. He had long personal experience in ^iis case. He deemed the improvement i f the live stock of our country a matter of j le highest moment to the agricultural < nd the whole community. There were uveral varieties of animals, as already re- I ' ? *J U? i?aa r?i?rtirMilarlir HpsirOtlfl i ilTfll IU. Itc nan f/'?i?.?- U.?. f finding a race exactly suited to our soil: nd climate. We may, perhaps, form a breed better dapted to our purposes than any foreign I reed now known. But as any great 1 nprovemont could not be carried through nd established under half a century, it j 'ould be wise to avail ourselves of what < ad been done abroad, us far as it might I leet our pmposes. < In 1819, he gave $600 for a bull calf, I i order to make a cross with some of our : est cows. Much skill is requisite in se- < acting the cow, as well as the bull; but < jt of a thousand brought to him, there i as not on?, which he found suitable. ; Ralph H;i9kins of Dorchester had ohtieed, from a farmer's yard in Groton, < cow distinguished for the extraordinary i chness of her milk. She was of a deep i id; resembling, in some respects, the De- I vn race; but not known to have any 1 reign blood in her. She had a capacious ? >dy, and fine silky feel. This cow was ; ossed with Coelebs, an imported bull, ] f the Durham blood. Coelebs had pro- I need some remarkable milkers. It was I i this wav, Mr. Jaques thought, best to < y the foundation of an improved stock. I lis object was to obtain a stock eminent < r their dairy properties. i Having succeeded, according to his ex- ] stations, in producing a race distin- I uished for the richness of their milk, he i i chose to denominate it the Cream pot t eed; and he had now proceeded as far t i the fifth generation, and had already e cty animals, more or less tinctured with i is blood. He went, as he said, for ood, and whatever surprise it might ex- t te, he was confident in saying, that he j ould breed animals to order. He would r occed upon the same principle as that \ ) which the painter applies his lamp, i ack to his white lead; and in respect to f ittle, as rumps of beef sold in market for < shilling per pound, and shins for three ' >nfs, he would seek to make the rumps ' rge, and the shins small. Farmers admitted this principle of 1 ceding, in respect to sheep; so they ? ould crass their Merino with their nntive, ' ntil, by successive steps, they improved j teir wool from one half to three quarters < nd seven eighths grade. All farmers i ould agree to make wool to order, if i 3U would promise them one dollar per i >und. It is the same with cattle. Stock i the Exchange may be changed and I ansferr^d at once. Live Stock is not < isposed of so easily. It requires four 1 ears to produoe a calf, and eight years I second, that is, before you can deter- | line their properties. < The race-horse is not |>opular among ; < s. We want a horse that will do all < inns of work. This was obtained by n | ross of the full.blood race-horse with the. i torough bred Normandv. This colt < . * as given, hy a gentleman in Canada, to i Vermont fanner by the name of Mor- i in. This was the foundation of a dis- i nguished breed. This horse would run j i ghty rods in fifteen s'con !s. He could j < ck out a Morgan horse, among a hnn. i.< ed. Trie combination of two of the r sst bhxds, in this case, gave a general I tiaracter. This horse is of eminent en- i u ran re, docile, obedient, rugged; and is a i ill hand for the best whip. Ccelebs had no pedigree, but there was I r>od reason to believe that he was a direct i ascendant from the stock of Messrs. oilins. He wasconrident that by across fCcelehs with a suitable native cow, he lould succeed in his object of obtaining i cii miiii and excellent butter.properties. [e had iio\v in milk the third generation, i ad four quarts of h?r milk had made one < mnd of butter. The miik contains so < tile that cannot he mad** into buttei, that ! i his belief one liundred pounds of her h ream would produce ninety-five pounds j fbuiler. He had now twenty-eight rows and j filers of this stock; and at his pleasure ! c could breed his stock with orange color I r yellow round the eye, of a mahogany j ' ? ? L .. .. | .. ? ,1 (no I o , a innrnt I uior, wiiue w .v-uio, , 2 desired. This m?y seem incredible, ut not more incredible than the present ite of travelling on railroads would have ?emed to an individual who lived a hunrcd vears a^o. Most cows which arc used by the fnrmrs tor breeders, have no more claims for hat object than a skunk would have, j le prefers, in selecting a suitable breed- | r, to trust his hands more than his eves, lo wants to have a silky, elastic feel, "he difference in the feel of animals, that j, of their skin, is like the difference be anttP UfB cgmmiii'M I AW. SOUTH-C AKOLIN. tween a two dollar negro-cloth and a fourteen dollar broadcloth. The difference in fatting animals arises from the thriftiness of their constitutions, so that while upon half a bushel of meal per day < neox would yield only seventy-five pounds of rough tallom, another, of a better kind, would produce a hundred and seventy-five pounds. He was told by one visiter that he had oiled his stock; and on a visit to Mr. Phinney's farm in Lexington, a farmer who had been at his place found him srlf able, among half a dozen calves, to select two of tho Creanr-pot breed, simply bv the feel. The breeding of swine had been carried to great perfection among us. Improvements in neat stock few would undertake. Sheep are very profitable stock, with an amount adapted to the size of the farm. The Merino and Saxony are deemed too tender for our climate, and produce mutton of small size f<?r market. The Saxony wool is too fine for general use. He had had the Leicester, the Lincolnshire, the new Leicester, the Tunisian sheep, and the South-Down. For profit, he upon the whole decidedly preferred the South-Down. They were quiet, broad and flat in the back, full in the twist, round in the thigh, and presont5J a fine leg of mutton. The ditference between a South-Down leg of mutton, ind that of a common sheep, was the difference between the thigh of a goose uid that of a dunghill fowl. Sheep give * valuable yearly return, but much defends on the kind. The Berkshire and the Mackay breed >f swine do not cost so much in the keep, ng as the common breeds, but the return 3 much greater. He insists much upon ihe breed. You cannot make a racelorse out of a Canadian runt, if you ihould have a groom at each leg; nor by my art bring him to run four miles at a heat, and repeat. You might as well attempt to produce upon a scrub-pear the fruit of the St. Michael's. We cannot io as we will, in many cases, because we (lave not the means. Most of our farmers have the talent, but few have the captal wherewith to make improvements, [n England, capital is applied to agricultural improvements with the utmost eadiness, and with a success proportionite to this liberality. Our own agricul:ure has received a generous impulse, and sverv friend to his country must wish it ncreased success. Mr. Putnam of Danvers then stated hat he had seen a heifer of the Crcam)ot breed, in Southboro,' which he recog. lised by her silky feel, and her milking >roperties promised well. She had been ajured in two teats, but the milk taken rom those two in one week produced ;even and three-fourths pounds of butter. The calf took the two uninjured teats. This was in October. Mr. Sheldon of W'lmington was then <ind enough to favor the meeting with some valuable remarks on the subject of working oxen. [The authority of this gentleman is undoubted, from his long experience. He took by contract the reduction of Pemberton Hill, in Boston, ind had at one time 118 yoke of oxen at work there.] The object of his remarks was to assist (tie farmer in making a suitable selection af oxen for work. If you desire to have those which would he free to travel and to pull, take those with a long and lean face. Those with short faces will start inirlf hut anon fornrpt the whiD. He r"~" " ~ -5 - i chooses oxen whose heads are long; whose eves are sharp, hut at the same time pleasant. He thinks that we cannot rely upon black-eved oxen. (Lord Byron snvs you cannot rely upon grey-eyed men or women.?Reporter.) Thev are not docile. He would rely as much upon [he eve of an ox as upon that of a man, in making his preferences. Fie prefers r>xcn with full bosoms, as indicative of strength. In choosing cattle to travel well, he would have their tors straight forward. If they are inclined outward in travelling, the strain will c<?me unon the inner claw, and they will become foot-sore. If the toe is turned out, the leg will be crooked, and turned ?n. A crooked stick will rot hear a weight so well as a straight one. lie would avoid for travellers, oxen with long, pointed feet, and especially an ox whose ankle is larger than his foot. He would have the hack straight; if a little concave, not objectionable, hut bv no means choose an ox with an arched back. For the endurance of hardship, he would have their ribs rounded and projecting; and not so set in, that when they run among the trees they would strike their hips. He much prefers lire early trained cattle to those which are late trained. This training cannot he begun too soon, only proportioning the labor put upon them to their strength. The Maine oxen formerly had the preference over all others, because they were put to the yoke when calves. Powers of labor or endurance depend greatly upon exercise and exposure. A tree, standing alone in a pasture, where it is beat about by winds and storms, will bo much more firmly rooted than one grown in a forest, where it is sheltered and protected by others. Take twin brothers?bring up one behind the counter of an English goods store, and put the other into a blacksmith's shop, and the superiority of muscular energy will not remain doubtful. Very much depends iW MBTFMJhWU A. WEDNESDAY, MAY on the manner of using oxen. They may j suffer much f.om severe hardships, like a j tree tried by a hurricane. He pn>ceeded by remarking on the gen! eral opinion, in which he did not concur. > that a high-lifed horse could not be prop| erly employed before oxen. He would never, in breaking a horse to this labor, tackle him in the afternoon. He would spend a day in coaxing him, and never j allow him, under any circumstances, to be struck. When he began with tackling a colt, he would have a horse in sight, towards whom he might be directed. He would put him before oxen, hut nev. er with a load that it would be difficult to draw^ and in breaking a colt, he would nevrj try to drive him away from home. Mr. Sheldon has since informed us, that his oxen at work in Boston, averaged 19 miles travel per day; and that he wish! ed to have added some remarks on the j shooing of 6Xch, in V>"II0n he thinks great I errors ore committed. For travelling on j the rond, the shoe of an ox is almost alj ways made too short. It should comI pletely cover the bottom of the heel. J Mr. Jones of West-Tisburv, being j called on by the chair, joined in the discussion. He deemed an agricultural life as highly pleasant and respectable. The raising j of stock, as a branch of husbandry, had many attractions. He had resided in I the best agricultural districts of England three years, and was familiar with their operations. He had attended many of their cattle shows. Much had been done in this country, hut from any thing ac cotnplished here, little idea could be formed of what had been effected there.? England seems to have carried the art of breeding to a high degree of perfection. He considered that greater improvements had been made in sheep than in cattle. Those of us who have not seen them, can form but a very imperfect idea of the English flocks. He had seen large flocks of the Lsicesters and the Teeswaters, not one of which would weigh less than 150 pounds. In some districts, the long woolled sheep are preferred. On the Downs, the South Downs. He had seen Mr. Coke's flock, which at that time consisted of 5000. In some districts, the sheep are all bred with yellow faces; in others, with blnck faces, which illustrates th? principles of breeding laid down by Mr. Jaques. On our scanty soils the South Downs would undoubtedly pay the most profit. We cannot grew the long wools to advantage. That had better be left to Pennsylvania and Delaware. We demand much mutton for market. On this account the South Downs are to be preferred for us. The fine wools may be advantageously cultivated where mutton is not in so much demand. We have n >w very good stocks foi animals if we would be careful in the sclection. The Short Horns may answer for many districts in our country; hut he believed the middling sized red cattle were nrofnrrnH fnr us. Our nfrncillture IV l/v yf I V I VI VM I ??- V>v w v.. ^ - is not pursued upon a sufficiently libera! scale. Wc do not employ sufficient cnpi. tal. He expressed his strong regret that any intention should have been manifested for the discontinuance of the Agricultural Survey. He thought it had been eminently serviceable, and great benefits were to be expected from it. No measure could be adopted more conducive to the improvement and welfare of our agricul. turn. The Agricultural Surveys in Eng. land had been worth millions to that country; and he thought it a niggardly policy and unworthy of Massachusetts tr i hcsi'ate Jibout a few thousands for the ad. | vancement of this groat and common inj terest. It was matter of great regret tc j him that any thoughts should be entertained of discontinuing the survey, which had already received the most favorable J notices abroad. The English Agricul, i ture was more improved than any olh -.r and the great impulse to imnrovemer-1 ! was given hv the eminent labors of \rj thur Young in his agricultural ton-s. If: j honed that, in addition to the pcmpletim of the Agricultural Survev. the State, in i the course of five years would have estab. lished a Hoard of Agriculture. I Mr. Putnam made son? irquiries o| ; Mr. Jaqueson the point whether butter i; : as good obtained from large quantitiesas ! small quantities of milk, as on his father'' ! farm, in the care of two cow.?, one giving 47 or 48 pounds milk per day. and our j 33 pounds milk per day in June, an. 1 making each about thirteen pounds ol ' butter per week, the quality of the buttei , from the cow giving the largest quantity | was superior to that from the other. Mr. Jaques was unable to give a defi. nite answer in this particular case. II" j spoke again of the importance of blow . and preserving races pare. Our ratth j had been much corrupted bv intermix j tores* With a view to test his principle.' | he had entered largely into the breeding ! of rabbits; and it had required the ninth genera ion and four hundred rabbits t< - - n rench the point at which he aimed, t'.x cellent stock were often exhibited a , Brig Hon, but a valuable race could no I be obtained without much pains. I j would require hplf a century in som< 1 cases to transfer the vigor of consfifutio' , of one race to another. The milk ofdif ferent cows differed essentially in it richness. A cow exhibited at Brighton by Hou. William Gray* sortie year j since, gave thirty quarts of milk at a J milking, but the milk produced no cream. Mr. Buckmin?ter, (always strongly inI clined to conservatism,) derfmed the sub. ject of discussion highly important, and had listened with much approbation to the remarks of Mr. Jaques. They agreed with his owu opinions. So long as the imported foreign stock produced nothing better than we already had, he saw no use in importing. He thought we could not improve our stock without stock farms. Few persons are capahJe of judging accurately. Any man could see the difference between a large and a small hog. hut other points were to be determined. He approves highly of Mr. Sheldon's no. tions of managing stock. He would banish a whip from the farm, and he would have rattle and horses hroken and managed with all the gentleness possible. The tune of adjournment havingnearly j arrived, the meeting were gratified with ; Mr. Jaques's exhibition of a pot of cream | from his celebrated stock. It was of i most extraordinary consistency, and was j converted into butler by churning in a j bowl with a spoon, in the presence of the I ftnn minn to (tl na I lllUUllllgi iii ii;w man uiim iiiimuiv) iuu" completely verifying the declarations which he had made. The meeting was exceedingly well at. tended. The interest in these discissions increases, and with that a general and strong conviction of their utility. H. C. Comparative Value of Horses, Mules & Oxf.n. Messrs. Gaylord Tucker?An apol ogy is due to the N. Y. State agricultural Society, for omitting to report on the subject they have twice assigned to me, 1 but it having been inconvenient to attend the annual meeting when the appointment was made, they were not sufficiently impressed on my mind to draw my attention to the subject in time for their j meeting the present month. Indeed, in consequence of the press of other matters, it was not till now, that it occurred to me ) 9 th it this duty was to be performed., So far, however, as their object is the publi> cation of the different reports, it may be , accomplished by the insertion of this t communication, but with this serious abatement of its usefulness, that it cannot receive that revision and sane ion of the 1 intelligent members of the board, that would so materially add to its correctness and authority. The compartive value of horses and oxen for agricultural purposes, has so often been the subject of discussion, and the arguments so very correctly and , sufficiently stated in your own paper so lately as March last, that it would hardly seem necessary to repeal them here. But there are some considerations connected with this subject, not hilherto treated of to much extent, that I will submit to the 1 public, for the purpose of eliciting here1 after, such observations and discussion as I may lead to highly important results. In a country so varied as ours in climate, soil, surface, tillage, crops, extent of farms, 6cc. &c., there must necessarily be sufficient difference in circumstan( ces, to justify the use of both horses and , oxen, not only in contiguous, but even on , the same premises. This assertion will , appear conclusive, by simply stating the , universally acknowledged merits of each. These are summarily stated by assigni .g such labor to the horse, as is required to II much extent during the hot season, whore J active movements are wanted, and when ' i a load is to be removed a considerable ' I distance over a good road. This seems ' i io i?e the ex'ent of superiority claimed | j Cor the "noble beast." The claims of his ! more humble, but on the whole, much I in?>re useful competitor, are the smaller >| amount required to purchase them, the j economy and simplicity of tackle, the ; J casinos* and cheapness of keep, less liabil. ? i<y to disease, d'iCii'fy in managing, eoni isrant improvement till thev have attained j a full growth, and ultimate value \v en ' they hava outlived their working charncI* I tor. These are the generally distinguish* ' I od charactertics between the two races : ' J tbough it not unfrequently happens that 'j indiuciunls of each approach and even ; j cross the line of demarcation, the horse j | sometimes falling below the average pi.standard of ox endurance and speed, r while the latter if truly bred and properly . trained, boldly pushes his way into the foremost ranks of his prouder rival. That . a great improvmerit may result from a ; strict observation of the capabilities and I requirements of each, there cannot be a doubt. Let us see the position they re spcctively occupy at the present time.? The horses in this and the Northern ? Slates generally are very well adapted to 1 the service they have to perform. . If we * n?pont thn Prpnnh horse. as he is called Y * "V - ? J - - ' (deriving hrs name probably, from his having been almost entirely used by tiie t French Canadians,).which is a cross of a i? very good European horse on the Indian i poney ; and is in deservedly high reputa. tion as a hardy,, serviceable animal, and 9 is very extensively used along ihe State's i, side of the Canada line; we have no well ? defined or distincti ve hursos, but # i I % v* M * I NUMBER 27they are a mixed race, made op fro*11 good stallions imported from time to time< on our former stock of mares j and in New York and Jersey especiallyt there has been a high cross from the very choicest imported bloods, and to such ex* tent has this been carried, that in many sections of these States,, and several of the others, it will be almost impossible i& find a native animal now, that is pot deeply in the hrm blood. By choicest, it should not be uncjorstood, the dandy ra- % ccrs of their day, that will run against a streak of lightning provided they have little weight to carry, bbt the strong, ser* vicenble, enduringanimal, whose progeny is as weti suited to the road and plow, as their sires-Were to the turf^Some of which were Post Vby, Messenger, Menv* briho, Du oc, EJ pse and Bellfounder, whose descendants may be found pretty extensively distributed over the north, and constitute an invaluable improvement to the former respectable stock. This improvement, if universal, would probably be all that would be requisite in horse flesh. But there still remain a great number not tempered by nohle blood, with ungainly heads, long sway backs rough haired, coarse jointed brutes, whose bones scarcely possess mere strength or density than a eorn cob; and with muscles more resembling a tanned sheep skin, than the wiry sinews of the well bred beast, and if these could be at once spayed and castrated, we should secure a double benefit, in breeding fjw horses and those of the best kind. f The quo? t 01 has been muchWoted of late in Kentucky and elsewhere at the* South, (where they have in this extensive geetion, but two kinds of horses, one good for racing, and the other good for nothing,) as to the kind of animal required to improve their agricultural horse* and wisely discarding the notion of importing some of the old varieties of Europe that were formerly held in considerable repute, such as the Suffolk Punch, the Cleveland Ray, the Black cart horse, and others that have much degenerated of late, whether positively or relatively I cannot say, others having been vastly improved by the infusion of better blood;' and they have with much good sense or. dered some of the best stallions from Long Island and elsewhere, from the stock we se largely possess, and from them they will' soon acquire a valuable race. We of the north, require no importation *o secure for us better horses than can be found in the world for our purposes. We have* only to select judiciously with more show' or substance, according to the ft cy of of breeders ; and from these we can produce all that is required. But we object to the number of homes: kept among u9. They are too expentiit* a luxury. Food enough is consumed by the surplus horses in this country and1 England, to make every individual in them both, entirely comfortable. From the earliest days after the flood to the present time, they have a prominent object of pride, as well as engine of con. j quest, plunder and devastation, by every ! tyrant and robber fr< ra Nimrod to Napoleon. We cannot wonder then, they were so emphatically interdicted to the Israelitish shepherds, by the express command of Jehovah himself, for how could the narrow valleys of their limited Canaan, have contented them, or supplied half theirswanning population with food had they possessed the proportion of horses we think essential to our necessities? | And no sooner did Solomon commence j his career of glory and conquest, accomI panied by the introduction of an exten' ? : /litnkl kt; (iia i S|VC rov ill Hiliiatcu iiu uwum ?>v ' nobles a no grandees of the land, than the nation passed under an intolerable op. pression, that resulted in the revolt of ten twelfths of the people, and soon after, in the subjugation and captivity of all. We have no hesitation in venturing the' assertion, that were our present stock of horses reduced to one fourth their prei s-nt number, and the places of another I fourth supplied by mules, and each put to | their required duties, the remaining labor of the country a ould be vastly more adoan| tagcouslyperformed by oxen. But first of ! mnles. It would appear on even a very s'ight j reflection, that in excluding the services j of this humble, hut hardy and useful ani! mal, we are ; nnualiy sustaining an im. i i ? M j m nSU lOSf. X It nuuiu n?/t im i ovcrstatiog the case, to say that with little grooming, half the aitention and feed, and no disease, they will outlive the laboring lives of horses, and do the whole work of each. But that there is great* disparity in favor of the former, in the amount of labor rendered for the quantity of expense bestowed on each, those who have tested both are prompt to testify.?They are the only beast of labor that can be trusted by their masters in the hnnda of the slaves at the South, their hardiness enabling them to live under, a usage that would kill horses almost as fast as , jjsrnessed. They are easily and cheaply ! reared* stron^ft?r their n night, hardy, re9