Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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% * # . % VOLUME VI By Jl. MAC LEAS. Tkrms:?Published weekly at three dollar* a year; with an addition, when not paid w tliiu three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the paper at five doHars in advance; and ten at twenty. Four subscribers, not receiving their papers in town, may pay a ycai*s subscription trim ten dollars, in advance. A year*s subscription always due in advance. ; Papers not discontinued to solomt subscribers I |n arrears. Adoertisement s not exceeding lf? lines inserted ; pr one dollar the fir?t time,.and fifty cents each 1 nhseqnent time. For insertions qt interval* ol ! two weeks 75 cents after the first, ami a dollar j if the intervals are longer. Payment duo in advance for advertiscmeats. Wh.-n the number j of insertions is not marked 011 the ropy. th?* advertisement will be inserted, and charged tiil j trdercd out. j ftj" The postage must bo paid on letters to the ! edilorjon the business of the olfige. Ploi g 1- ?Widiin twenty years great j improvera n's have beer; made in th< j inantifactii:e of p!o ig'i . When the cs j iron ploughs were in., ?>< uced. it was f< ; rc 1 ' bv most of our fanners who are very ;>,u , d< n !v cnutirm of innovations wiliioi t! substantial proofs, thai tin y are improve m n s that the metal w. u'' be tn<?!) ii !? , for service in mo.it of ou r.c y fi *i I , a d ( for a long time they were thy ol giving thern a trial. And to avoid. a< far as jx>... sible. this obmriion, the first matiufarA . 'va /.ffh,,/.., f 1 J/\nrt!io m-? a Iit-ltl t Y I HJ3 I', lilt < Oil '11 |im/ii^ii-i >iit> v> - .> ct i.'d ng'y short?aid th ugh the/ wor? ! found lo run a vast deal b tter, or a ' r withuboii hnlf the team which was for- j in ; 1/ required, the extreme short: ess <)' he body of these ploughs was found un- ; fa orable to the complete subversion o. the soil, h hich ail pood farmers w he:: ' p'oughing green sward, are desirous to eire :f. The- bites, fa ;;iion?ic'Hng I he .toi! cJge-cisc?hev aie not willing to adopt until : they can be fully satisfied of the advantages \ whicn are likely to arise from such they j pro'.eduic. When others have practiced, j and proved, th.V fu rows half Ctrnc 1 wi!! j be more pro iuc iir, or more easily lille 1 . than furrow?, turned completely over, biirving up tiie grass. diMe, and oth ci .ii i.'cr > ) sonar ha' all th'smay j at OtK . ?.? o<?.i^ o manure, or to I <<: j for future plants?til practical farmers: will then be ready to adopt tiie ue?v J scheme. O ? - 'f >o?.' Rnclnn n>lK n f. V. A runt v wv i/i jk/i/^ivn) ".? r ' years si nee seeingjivhuf was wanted hv liir mostintelligent larmers, determined to make their ploughs with a longer body am! , a longer mould plate?and to obviate the J objection that long plates were more liable j to he fractured or broken among the j rocks, they procured metal of a better quality than was formerly used for ploughs, and we are pleased to see they have sue- , ceeded in bri ging the grass plough more near to perfection than any which have : yet been manufactured. In proof of this?if any practical man 4^ needs proof after seeing the article?we j would rcrpind our readers that those ploughs have rcqucutly taken the fist; premiums at our ploughing matches on ; account of their ease of draught and their ! # 4 o complete suhservisinn of the sod. At Harkem in the Stato of New York, ' 7 I the Prouty & Mcars' plough was decided, on a fair trial by the judges there, to he j the best plough presented, both for reqni- j ring the least draught and perform! ng the | work in the most perfect manner ; and a { gold medal was accordingly awarded to his firm. This trial was under the direction of the American Institute, which in - I'll . ? T _ vited competitors from all parts 01 ine uu* j ion?and not a few contended for the j prize. Tfte last public trial cf the ploughs of | fhisfirm was at 'Vorccstcr, in October,! tarf, where a committee of *-,0N'- i <ernor, Lincoln was one of them-~!,n1?11* . iwoysly awarded the premium of one bundf?A dollars to thin Mine tint). We are osore gratified in witms-ai" this result, as this is the precis-j form of tohmgh which we hive fors -vera' vears pas'., both in other papers and in this, been recommending to tht puVjc.?Cu!'iv:ilor. firf.tv ok fikim a\t:d wancrk. Mr. Editor,?\V .v 1 slnMe manure is thrown in a inap t.f '\>n.--mic size fiero the s'aide it itnm ???? I !? entnin nets . heatiitif a.id giving out a s'.'nm .r ga* of a yery strong sm< ji. If the h. aj> largo, this operation will continue several 'la\s: and if the manure be examined after it i Jjas ceased, it will be found of a whitish mouldy appearance, except a thin layer on the surface: and soon it will become dry ! and hard. Manure in this condition, is called by English writers. " Fire fanged." For brevity, I shall, in this article, call it ; fired. Manure, when completely (irvl, I have four J of very little value; and if applied to plants while in the operation offiring it wil' freq nntly destroy vegetation ; hence it is of much importance to preserve manure from tiring. The best method of doing this, and at , the same time securing all its strength, for he soil, is, dcubi'ess, to carry it directly from tne stable to the land on which it is te be used ?pr^a i it evenly on the 1 groued, and imm diately plough it in, \ thm mixing it th ?ughlv with the soil. ^ \ But this is not always convenient, or even \ practicable; hence it is neeesssary fre\ queutly to adopt other means. My plan is Q CHf 1L J Jmn Kti??gr?? 1IJII P 111 I mm wwmrm this: I generally clear my stables of minu c while it is raining, and have it spread oat, fo as not to be more than 6 inches thick injmv part. If the rain continues sufficiently long to wet the manure thoroughly, I then have it thrown into a heap ; otherwise I let it remain spread out until I can haul it to the field, or another rain puts it in good order for heaping up. 'i his pra< ti :c is foun tad on the principle that manure will not fire ichen exposed to the a/rno.rphr.re in a layer not exceeding (i inches th ick, or in a heap if completely saturated with moisture. A part of the strength of the manure is evidently wasled by exposing it to the sun and air while spread out, as I have stated above, but tins I consider altogether preferable tr having it fire in the heap. Gare should he taken to have it entirely saturated with water before it is thrown into a heap, T.is may be ascertained by its beginning o drain. It is then in a suitable condition for heaping. | For want of correct Inhumation on the subject, I am convince 1 ;n eh e! the vaJuc ' - - ? r. r_. oi siamc manure i.- i.?i t ? m i .m..01 M*r kinds ofj w :nr; i re no ?v ?< :i ." as horse manir--; .?.J mis ?* *'o;n fl.es before i: is r ; n .'ed from I hi stable, except \v . n i! isado'V ! ioreniait !n cons':!?t.vb j q \ntity i i i stable th.ti is nof regular's- is -d ; it will th n s?.une times fire in 'he sMtbli. It might ho a nn'ter of ?o:ne import anre to l\??w what would ho the hos method oflreating manure that had he; co ne iire.1 : but I have made no expori rueiiis ori litis point ; I should Judge, how. "ver. ih.it the; first requisite would In; t< have iMhoroughls* drenched with writer Ifanv tiling would help to restore its qua! ii v, that I wouM think most likely to do ii F. Salubrity, S. C. "larch U, 1311. [From the Western Fanner and G ir-.lencr.] SOIL M.I-'T SI ITAIILK FOR API'LK Till:::*. Tne successful cultivation of the upplt depends very intied on the suitableness o the ground they are planted in. Tilt size an! flavor of the fruit, the genera health and duration of trees is ino>t coin. i?<> ilv the result of good or had soil, Ghaut in J situation also ajfcct hotli .r? > and fruit ; hut not in the degree i:: w don the same arentfected !>y the quali lies predominant in the land. Of all tin 1 1 ? G I l?rt n?^| ;!tn rcnr iiescr;piions 01 sou 10 m . .villi, that of a soft hazel loam, contain, ing a small portion of sand, seems to In most congenial to t!ie a; pie generally. I.imic11 Sv>il the tree is seen to flourish longest, is most productive, and remainfreest IVorn disease or attack of insoc's, A great depth is not requisite ; eighteen or twenty inches Jeep being quite enough provided it be on a subsoil of gravel oi loose rock. If the bottom he wet, tin trees should be planted high, and even means taken to drain the ground. A wei bottom of gravelly clny should be a voider if possible. Deep rich soils in sheltered situation* j re not ihc most proper for the apple, foi it is often seen that apple trees succccc well in anv kind of loam, though it be nol more than one foot in depth, so as tin bottom is sound and dry, the roots tak? an extensive horizontal range, the youn;; wood is always of snoro mo lorute growth, and better ripened than when roots strike deep into the ground. Although local circumstances often control the works of the planter, compelling him to fix on a site where the soil may not be recommended above ; he must in this case, endeavor to make the soil b\ trenching, draining, and bv addition ol the qualities wanting, bring it is as neai lo thessandard as possible. Situation and aspect for planting ApphTrees. TV situation of an orchard should neither he in bottom of a norrow valley : nor on the ton of t? 'n l'M young wood is never so v>e'' r'P^ne?J, tin iuids are often too early e.xciten *hr spring, and their frosts are always more i'ltentiy f<!t: in the second. fruit-hearing trees are always too much exposed lo (he winds. The mosl desi>*a!>le site is the si do of a hill which .sloo.v goody -o tfu southeast that heif' the musr sheheied situation in this w? .* ; r? eo"n:*v. Ihil when ihe vi;?I?*;?rr . o; v ?-, -vim is hro k'-n hy a.u int"?v ie-r r- of ground, a southwest aspeei hn * it found equal re any. From the National Intelligencer. Pit it " nit vat i ox of Wood. IIair thorn Cottage, Ra,bury Mass. Feb. In, 1941. Clentiemen: Enclosed is an account ofn discovery which has been made in r ranee during ihe past vcar, in relation to the preservation of wood from decay, and enduing it with other valuable qualities. It was transmitted from Paris bv the Hon. (J. VV. Erving to (ioverror Winthropof this State, who put it into my hands with a request that it might be translated and published, from the belief that the discovery would excite a deep interest in this country, where wood is so extensively used for ship-builJing, steam and canal boats, as well as for architectural and an infinite variety of other purposes in the economical and ornamental arts. -m >WIWm n n m m mu mm n mmwwm 11 i ? i wrmmmmmm www?? : 11 AW, SOUTII-C AK0LINi This Sin to is not only under the great est obligations to its illustrious founder, i hut to the gentleman who, as his direct < descendant, has for many years honorai hiv upbore the dea'rlv cherished name of ! Winthrop. There are hut few men now j ( living who have done moro to encourage j < and foster letters, science, and the arts, i promote the interests of all branches of' j i national industry. For the advancement j, > of agriculture he has, in a special man-1 I ner, devoted unwearied attention for; more than half a century, and his distin-1 ! guished services in ali tlie departments , . of intelligence and political ecoi o nv have t ; placed him high on the roll of public benefactors,* > Mr. Frying having filled the s'ntions of : ; Minister of lire United Sates at the; i Courts of Stockholm and Madrid, is well , known to his fellow-citizens, auu while on r a visit to Europe, as a private citizen, has evinced, in the most cilicient manner, J the solicit a ic he feels lor the improve-i s i mi nt ;md prosperity ef his native land. j j How of?en h is it been verified, that the , . transmit*-ioti from other distant nations! ) of a single s -cd, plant, fact, or ii<m\ ly dis. . covered hvmtio i, however, uiiiinporlatit i ii; r may Isave appeared at the time, bus ; , bj :? provlr.cfive of itnnionsa advun ago to j [ ' t o country in which thrv were received. . . 1 A few se'ds of the inulh. rrv tree and ' I??'<rs of the .-ilk which were brought | . I from China and prosoufc'' to the iM*ipe- j i j ror J?isdii:an, in Con ilnnt!tiOj',,a? Jiavo ! . ron-h re I the culture of si]k one ot ihe ' . iu;o .f nroti.a'de branches of rural industry ' . in \\i rt A-in and Sow horn Ivurop.*. i > and 'ir; become ?ptiic as hen di i . thro-i *.m;;:i tin- w'.oic extent of this II * : * . jni'utr. A small l?a^ of seed ri'-r\ which was, obtained hy (Ik- Go\uu<?r of .South Cnro- i I im from the cock of a vessel from .Mi1" ! gasoar that had b?-en wreck I on ft "coast of that State, and a sample ?f c ton soed wliich n planter receive ! f,;*?- j I years before the it -volution.: v war. !etv ' ? ! rendered ihr:r pro liicts two of the <!?.!: f agricultural staples of the Lniicd S'a; , From one cherry tree, which was ' I brought front the southern coast of the Kwxine, by Lucullus, 0:1 his icturn to j ltoma from the .Milhridatic war, has that dcii- i >us fruit been extended over Kurope j 1 | and America. ? 1 j J'o the arrival in Kn^lnnd of small com- j I infinities of ilie persecuted Protestants of j * ' * ? ! * j ' j fI:?I'an ! and France may tnai Kingdom ; t , date the establishment of her woollen and : silk manufactories. A glass tube, which was sent bv a gen, li; man of London to (he Library Associa* | i Foil of Philadelphia as a mere pliilosoplii- j , oal toy, first excited ilie attention oi' Dr. I Franklin to the subject of electricity, and J induced lit in to make those experiments which res-died in Ins brilliant discoveries in that science, r ... May every American citizen who visits 'oreign climes imitate the example of Mr. j n i t Living, and remember that it is in their I jx.w. r to subserve some department of knowledge, or some branch of science or art, if whatever that is observed, which is j indigenous, and is deemed either valua, ! hie or interesting, no matter how minute j | 'or seemingly inconscquencial. is obtained and sent home, ll i? l?y such infrequent acquisitions that civilization lufs been j ' advanced, national prosperity accelerated j ' and the bounds of intelligence enlarged. I o ^ | j Kx'rarts from Mr. Krrings Idler to Gor. ! j Win'hrop ami a French periodical pub- j lie ai ion. I ! Paris, January 1, 1841. ''I enclose a very interesting account j of the session of the Academy oi' Science, j j. J on the 3t)lh ot November, in relation to I . j the discovery of l)r. Boucberie of a pro.! cess !>y means of which wood is rendered j more durable, preserving -at the same ; time elasticity and its bulf, una lice ted by ; changes in the temperature of the at- j inospherfe, while its combustibility is di- i | I tninished. and such durable colors and i j odors given to it as may be desired. !?o , [ I so goo I as to communicate this to (Jen. j Dearborn. If vou think that thediscove' | r> may be useful in our country, it may be | ' ' weil t!iw:t 'l should be published forth- : ;' wiili." Ac\drmv or ScirtvrT^. I Meeting of the Thirtieth of Aorf m 7;rr. i Industry has acquired a gran I and a i- j ! mirable discoverv. Wood, which, ol all ! ilie materials of construction, is perhaps ; : i -*- ito-.TM! r??nI ,-m ll?A ninit ehanTC- ' ^ in '""1l ?> >? > i ...v ... ? --- o a 1c*. is about being transformed. in the O j hands of science, into an incorruptible ; and sinnl'crable substance, which is nei- j iher a I fee tod by humidity or dryness, and ; is rendered indestructible bv insects ns well as incombustible ; and yet retaining its t las icily. Bv tills marvellous opera- j ; ! (ion, the most ordinary woods become , ] susc p.ible of being polished and impregnated with the ricliest colors and mo.-t delicate odors, bv which tliev are elevated I 7 ' # , , to 'he rank of the most precious ol tno-e varie ios which a:e used in the useful or . ornamental arts? and these various an J beautiful results are obtained bv a very , simple and cheap proacss. as the suVtau ces which are employe I are obtained at a , very low price, and no oilier oowcr re. , quired than that which Nature nvrsv.i : developes. [*Tiiiftem'nent and venerable citzm haft, since this lei t?T was received, paid tne debt, to nature.?JV<zt. IniclL] w 4mwwim L, WEDNESDAY, APR? Wo have already announced this im portant discovery by giving an accoum of Dr. Boucherie's in?moir on the presor vation of woods ; but were not able, a that time, to exprass any thing more thar our hopes of his success. Now we car speak wifli entire confidence, as the re port which the Academy la? approver authorizes us to do so, A numcroii! commission, consisting of Messrs. Arago I)e Mibrel. Poncelet, Gambey, Audion Uniucin(T.inlt ami hni'P nllnntlVP " 1 *9 1% t#V? MS til IIUOI IIU * V ( ? -W ly examined Dr. DoucheTie's process, am given to it their unqualified approbation. We cannot betser subserve the Publi< than by texfually publishing a statcm^n which is so highly interesting to the in dustry of the country. It is stated in the report "that tin Academy had alrcody seen, with dee] interest, the mode in which the autho h?d conducted his process, and has nov in its possession specimens of the result which arc so remarkable that the labors o the commissioners have been very muel diminished." Dr. iJoucbeiie is enabled, by bis prn cess, to render wood much more durahh to preserve its elasticity, protect it frot the variation of volume bv the drvnes and humidity of the atmosphere, ditnir i-.li its combustibility, augment its ton.) citvand hardness, and finally to give to i vai ions and durable colors and odors." All these exigencies have h?en sntisfuc torily illustrated, and by new, unexpei s:v/1, P?d simph methods: this, too, h:i been h^cromlished by the aid of comma and cheap >ut>,.nns 'For he pnrpnuS o. port'dfnting a ctire *re" w= h lie- ores' rvatiye, and o\.or substances tim author does m r to auv eo-iipt. . .d or expensiv m c!i?'.Mic;il 1:1 All the power r< q iiit .ii> a ?.?ive lores of the vcg? tab ? i sed'. ?; j;* sufficient to (ran. port. lvofn it'C tint torn <f tire trunk of ifit; !<> ib" whole of the leaves at til sutnc.iti tin liquors with which it is des rahie ?o impregnate it, provided they ai kept within certain limits of conccntr: f ion." "Thus, if a (rco in full sup is cut clow and plnnced in a vat containing the licpn which it is desired should be inspired, will ascend in a few days to the moelevated leaves and all the vegetable ti # n sue will be filled except the very eenti of the tree, which in aged trunks resis the penetration of the fluid. It is n< necessary that all the branches and loavi should be rctainod upon the tree, for tho* of the summit are sutficient to induce tl aspiration." MODE or \N VLYZINO LtVfR. AXl? INTEREST ING FACTS IX RELATION TO ITS AJ'I'LIC.' TIOX. "In eastern Pennsylvania, lime is th great source of improvement; und of th we have all the different varieties, I suj pose, that can be named. We wai some plain simple rule, by which an farmer may analyze lime, and he able I judge which of the different kinds most useful to agriculture. Wc hav primitive and secondary lime stone, ah that which contains large quantities i magnesia, which we find very injuriot to vegetation, and which I should like t detect before using it. Scud us rules, i the Cultivator, to try limo, an I yoa wi oblige vours, &c. " BEX J. F BAD0L2T. ^Pugstowii, Chrs'er county, Miy *25." Before we reply to our corresponded we cannot but repeat our regrets, the * ' - ? ?-* n 11 i kn nrfw f clicmisirv, so unisonum ?n mi uiu una i productive labor, is not made a branch c instruction in the schools of farmers* boy: as in Germany, France, and elsewhere and that we have no schools of instruc tion for them, in the theory and jraotic of husbandry, like those of IIofTwy Moegelin, Toinpleraoylc,?of France, an of most of the German slates. The bon efits that would result aloue from teach ing the young farmer, scientifically, t determine the qualities of his soil, i?s dc feds,* and the proper means of improvm it by lime, marl and manures, would mor than remunerate the public for twent agricultural schools; or for suitable hook of instruction in these matters, to ever school in the nation. Science is almos indispensable to good and successful hu< bandry. Sec our extracts to-day. Orlil says? It is impossible to lay down any gen oral rules respecting the fitness of lirn for (lie purposes of agriculture, becaus much must depend upon the peculiarity: o! soil, exposure and other circumstances Hence a species of lime may he extreme I v well adapted for one kind of land, an not for another. All that can he accorn ph'shed hv chern c;il means. is io ascortai the decree of ptirit v of the Min *, and I i ofrr. from *!i's ? w;??it kind of soil if i 'vs* adapted. Thus a ii'i which cor on n if " ! ? .1 h [clayJ i '? " a.l.;,)' ! h i one to Ir : i y ; . > ! - id' clayey land i" ] : . . :i .. . -Vtj a-: .Ms_,ib!e from th ir.. >j it. " / * * > ,ui ?o ;b parity of limn, 1c a ic.c i ; : i[ be d.ssoLed in diluted mn runic* Pci.i. Lit a little excess of aci h? ah del. il/it no portion may remain ur dissolved, owinjf to the deficiency of th solvent. Dilute with distilled water; le tiie insoluble part, if any, subside, an the clear liquor be decanted. Wash th sediment with farther portions of watoi ssm ??t^1""* "* 1 I f (mm I I Mm t , nm Lm [L 22, 1S-11. II I ? Hill 'I > I I ? " I I ' "' I I I'H " mum J^^.1 - and pour it upon a filter, previously t weighed. Dry the filter, and ascertain . its increase of weight, which will indicate I : how much insoluble matter the quantity i | ot lime submitted to experiment contain* i I ed. ft is easy to judge, by the external -1 q lalitics of the insoluble po tion, who. he I; argillaceous earth abounds in the compo* | sition." , Tiic diluted muriatic acid dissolves the j , lime. The insoluble residuum is clay or - sand. J To delect magnesia i;i limcs'onc, which, according toTennnnt, renders the c lime, when applie 1 in large doses, prejudif #*i:iI fn In rwlq. ( )r(ila directs a.3 follows: - ; ''Procure a Florence llri.sk, [a common half pint olive oil fiask.] clean it well f.om e oil, bv a little soap-lees or salt of tartar p and quick lirns mixed, and break it olf r I about the middle of tho body, by setting v lire to a string tied round it, arid moisten. .. | cd with oil [spirits] of turpentine. Into I the bottom part of the flask, put 100 grains li ; ot the lime, or limestone, and pour on it, J i by degrees, Ih f an ounce of strong sul- j i- phuric acid. O.t each clTusion of acid, u 1 a violent Ciiervesconco will ensue: when l , # ' ^ ii j fh;s ceases, stir the acid and lime togotns or, with a* small glass tuhe or roJ, and 1 . . i- [ place the flain an iron pan tilled with i* ' sa id. Set it over the fire, and continue it j die heat tili ihe muss is quite drv. Scrape olf t!ic dry muss, weigh it, and put it ini<? i n wine.glass, wiiich mav be filled lip with * i- water. Stir the mixture, and when it has is ; slood h::if an hour. pour the whole on a n ; filtering paper, placed on a funnel and j previously weighed. Wash the insoluble .1 I part wuh water, as it lies on the filter, j a i I add the \va>!iings to the filtered li# . 7?or, To this solution a Id huifan ounce e I of saiv [}C hl,'hir in water, whn, if rrng?-j.iesia be p C3e..h A very copious white > : sedi n nit will ensue; it only, marely ?- a slight iiiilkiness. In the lOiJfl-r cn.o a j heal the liquor by setting it in a lea cup ic J near the lire ; let the sediment sub*u le : i- ; p >ur off the clear liquor, which may be rc \ thrown awav, and wash the while nowi i der repeatedly with warm water. Then J pour it o i a filler of pup ?r, ihe weight o! n j which is known, dry, and weigh it. T.i* jr I result, if the lime slouc has been submitit j ted to experiment, shows how much car| bona to of magnesia was contained in the a. i original stone or. deducting 00 per cent. re j h ?w much p ire magnesia 100 parts of ts | the lima coninino.i. It* tlio t m" ol h is been used, deduct from the weight ol i;.s ; the prccipifac 0!) per cent, and the re?e niaindcr will give the \v Mght of the magic n. sia in each of the 100 giains of burnt *1 lime." 1 The sulphuric acid dissolves the lima p-j, aii.l magnesia, which pass through the i* ' first filter with the liquid. The salt of 'tarter precipitates the magnesia, leaving ig i the lime in the liquid. The magnesia i is the residuum upon the second filter. >-1 Wo a id some relevant facts in regard l j to lime, from the Domestic Eneyclopajy dia. [ In burning lime, a ton ought lo ba rets j duced in the kiln to 1100 weight; oiherc , wisi it is not sufficiently burnt. It will !<) regain two-thirds of the lost weight, by d exposure to air for a week or ten days? H ; J8J parts of lima ub orb (and solidify] ? about 23 parts of water: and to regain its n full proportion of air from the atmosphere,' II ; it requires a year or more, if not purpose ly spread out. All ii.nestone of primiiirc ; formation, contains magnesia; all white marbles contain about ten per cent magt? ncsia. Put less of the m ignesian lime it upon your land, by about one-third, than of >f common lime. >f j The lands in ben filed by 'imc, are, s? 1. Rich black or brown friable crumblipg o bn us, wiiich a' oi:n J with v g :tabl? ma.ter. 2. Low, rich drained mead >ws, 0 i that have formerly been bogs, and the h black soil of which abounds in vegetable d i fibre. .'1 Old pastures and commons, > which have been under grass for time 1 ? i- ; ininirMrwirfa!. and are first to be converted ?; into arable land; but upon these, lime >* j should not l)e repeated. 4. On rnoury " boggy, mountainous land, and o i b!ark 0 i pjat eartli. 5. On all other waste soils V that have been overrun with fro. briars, s bushcsor wood, and which, though richly Y stored with vegetable food, have contractil ed an aridity, in consequence of their long . rest, a id the spontaneous growth of a ! roots. MV l lime.. atrbon tie of!imn. awl marl. i i t' I- ' improve the texture of clays and sands, 2 rendering the first less stiff and adhesive, e and the latter more compact and retentive :s of moisture; and they improve all soils, J* | not already changed with calca/eous > matter, by fitting them better to hold ^ i manures, and constituting a necessary '* J constituent of most plants. n j The. soils lrhich arc iiol benefited by ? ; quick-lime, are those which arc poor, light s j and thin; those destitute of inert vegetaf* | hie matter; strong slonv lands; wet cold 's | loams, and all lands which have not been y ( sufficiently drained; and on slitf clays that s j are tenacious of moisture. Lime is only e j a manure of stimulus?not of nutriment. ,t i The proceeding remarks arc from vol. i. j 3 of the Cultivator, edited at the time by d 1 the lament Bud. His remarks as to '* | the kind of soii which is most benefitted ? i by lime seem to have been suggested not j j by experience in its use but by a theory e J that a principal action of lime as a manure r? j is the decomposition of vegetable mat NUMBER 33(or. This theory docs not seem to be supported by experience. It is cren doubtful vrhetharthd fertilizingqunlities of vegetable matter are at all improved by decomposition with lime; and sandy soil in which there is comparatively little vegetable matter, is improved in as great; proportion perhaps as any other. We do not mean that the actual increase of production is as great from the application of lime to poor sandy land as from its application to rich loamy soil. But the increase, in proportion to the production before the application of lime is as great, or greatcr. _ Wo copy below from the same vol. of the Cultivator an article having some bearing on this question. ix itKfi.vni) To Lnrr:, To he employed in agriculture, we find I somenew suggestions, and we thinkimpor1 taut ones, in a communication in the Farmer's Cabinet. T.oey satisfactorily ; explain why ground limestone is not so ; good for land as ctfhte lime, or lirn * which ! nas lost its caustic quality, after being j burnt, by the re-absorption of carbonic ] acid, and furnish useful hints for the ?p; plication of lime in husbandry. The I writer remarks on t!ic first point? ; annot,by grinding, destroy the aftrartio-i clYo'iesion in limestone; there will be two or more atoms adhering.-? ny Waile tins is the ease it never will bo convened into a supor-carlxmatc. I)v> * troy the attraction of cohesion, as ti?? r?sn!t shows is done by burning urn! ; slacking, and if will ultimately hi* co~! verted lido snpor-carljonaie, when inn * . noralcd with the soil; is then soluble ok j w\itcr, nnd ?refs beneficially or itijiiriou>j iv, a*; the quantity is in accordance wait j the wants of' the plan', or in excess, a* I o her ina.m.es do," 'I Upon liie a..pi.ouiioi of lime thp. wpv ler sav>: 1 have h"cn in the practice of using, lime lor twenty.five years; that* i+btlie! of the land that I occupy that I mi* oot had 2J)!)f and sonic three hundfcd inishel* to the acri^ applied in th"t ihgn F? mu ? first applications, it was slackf' f, spreml and incorporated with the soil as soonas practicable from the kiln. But for marc than twenty years I have sproa H h it little that lias not lain from throe lo? twelve or liiwrc mouths, and when spread avoided all means (hat would incorporate it with the soil, that necessity did not urge for the accomplishment of other objects. Tue change was the fruit of c doubt of the ultimate utility of using luce to hasten the decomposition of vegetable matter contained in soil under regular cullivafio'% and that this questionable advantage was all I conceived I had to. place against tno known and ceruu-o re., suit, that by so applying it, it would toe converted info carbonate at the expense '* 1 1 I * rt t lio o/ni /li-if or a material niiiuiint-u m m,, .tWi, (here was, or in future wouM bcccmi.v capable of supporting a vegetable: aa L thai so far as it could Ik? converted into a carbonate before mixed with the soi!^ was clear gain; an.! 1 regard my experu ' { once as having felly sustained lite conclusion." TO TilK VKOt'LE OF TUB LaTTUD ,S r.V.TK?# I'r.LLOv*.C*riZKXs : Before mv arrival at the seat of Government the painful communication was made to you by thfc olficcrs presiding over the several Departr ments of the deeply regretted death of William HearvH irfison, late President j of the United Slates. Upon him you hut i conferred your suffrages for the first ofiien in your gift, and had selected him as your chosen instrument to correct an I re. form till such errors and abuses as ha I manifested themselves from time to tiui * in the practical operation of the (lover rnent. While standing at the threshold of this great w?r!ct he has, by the dispensation of an ail-wise Providence, been re? moved from amongst us, ami by tlie provisions of the Constitution the edorts in i he directed to the accompli iing of this vitally important tusk have devolved upoti myself. This same occurrence has subjected the wisdom arid sufficiency tf our nstitut'ons to anew test. For the first time in our history the per on elected to the Vice Presidency of the United State-, i>v tne nappeumg j?iwvidcd for in the Constitution, has had devolved upon him the Presidentia officeThe spirit of faction, which is directly opposed to the spirit of a lofty pj.t iotisi. % may find in this occasion for assatr * upon my administration. And in succeeding, under circumstancos so sudden and unexpected, and to responsibilities so greatly augmented, to the administration of public affairs, I shall place in the intclligonce and .patriotism of the People my only sure reliance. My earnest prayer shall be constantly addressed to the all wise and all-powerful Being who made me, and by whose dispensation I am caller! | to the high office of the President of this. T % - ? - m r ii ' . Liir ?ii - j' |