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which would otherwise fly off when the I water evaporates. The sulphuric - acid I quits the lime and unites with the ammonia, making snlphate of ammonia, which is easily dissolved in the moisture of the earth and taken up by plants. Carbonate of liine is formed from the carbonic acid which was united with the ammonia. These changes go on gradually. All this may be, and no doubt often, is tho case, but we much doubt if this forms the true solution of the* mysterious operation of gypsum. If this he tlKffrue cause, why is it the action of gygsnm is not uniform. Why does it act like magic in one field, and have no perceptible operation in another T if ft is owing to the affinity, whkrfr its acid has for amonnia and tlutt ammoffia is equally diffused through- : i < 1. I ot?f tbe aw, wny snoum 11 not operate a* i well in- one place as another? and as well ! in one soil as another ??Mains Fanner. From the.New Genesee Farmer. damp /tables. A correspondent of the Fanners' Cabinet states that on taking possession of a ne.wly purchased farm, his horses became ' poor, diseased, and incapable of labor; his j cows became sickly,their milk diminished, their butter became bad, four lost their; calves, two died of scours in the spring,: with other attendant evils. The damp-,' ness o.f the stable which was built under j large'trees in a low situation, and with a 1 northern aspect, was suspected to be j the cause. It was immediately torn ( down, and a erected in a drier situ- j ation, when, as was expected, all these j evils vanished at onpe. Stables made of ( stone, are more liable to this difficulty. ' ' =? Americanisms. The following definition and illustrn- i tion of adverbs is taken from the Comic j English Grammar published in London, j "An adverb is a part of speech, which, joined to a verb, an adjective, or another ! wit.^rk enrvne pytitpss some nnalitv or i ??\? v '} o?'? ? v? ?v --?? - | _ _ _ circumstance concerning it: as, ?She swears dreadfully; she is incorrigibly lazy, and she is almost continuity in liquor.' "An adverb is generally characterised by answering to the question, how/ how ! much/ when/ or where/ as in the verse, j 'Merrily danced the Quaker's wife,' the i answer to the question, How did she dance/ is, merrily. . "Several adverbs have teen coined in ! America of late; and some of. them are ! ?1 1.1~ r.v? 9ll\A?4imi||Ip' Ctln very remarnaitic iui * |><uuviiini *-.v- j gance; as tl reckon you're calaicampouxhj <\?awed up.' | i **I;i the example just given there is to be found, besides the tiew adverb, n word which, if not also new to the English stu- ; . i ' * ! dent, is rendered so both by its ortho- , graphy and pronunciatioon; namely chawed. This term is no other than ?chewed,' modified (as wofolV like living things, would seem to be) by transportation to a ; foreign country. 4Chawed up/ is a very strong expression, and i^mployed to signify the most complete state bf discomfiture and defeat, when a man is as much crushed, mashed, and comminuted, morally speaking, us if he bad literally and corporeally undergone tin process of mas. tication. *Catawampously,' is aconcen- tration of ?hopelessly,' tremendously,' | thoroughly,' and irrevocably;' so thai ?catawampously chawed up,' means, brought as nearly to a state of utter anni(illation n? anv thing consistently with ; o the laws of nature can possibly be. For ; the metaphorical use of the word 'chawed.' , made hv the Americans, three several i reasons have been given! ]. Familiarity with the manner in which the uligator j di msos of his victims. 2* The canni. ; bai ism of the Aborgincs. 3. The delicate : . pricticeof chewing tobacco. Each of, these is supported hy numerous argu- J mints, on the consideration of which it would be quite out of the question to enter in this place," Virginia and New York. - From publications in the Richmond p ipers we learn that the Governor of the Slate of New York I tely made a demand , upon the Governor of the State of Virgin- i ia for the surrender of a man who had j committed forgeryin Tompkins county, ' in New York, and fled from justice to 1 Virginia, where he was arrested. The Governor of Virginia, hy a formal declar. j ation in Council, refused to deliver up this ! man until the Governor of New York should give up the three individuals (ar. ; cused of kidnapping slaves in Virginia) j respecting whom there has been for some I time past a controversy between the Eve- j cutives of those Slates. In the Logisla- j tureof Virginia, a copy of the Executive j o Order in the premises having been called i for and obtained, it was made the subject \ of debate and propositions in the House ! of Delegate* on Friday last?the Mouse adjourning, however, on that day, without coming to any decision upon it. On Saturday, we learn through private channels, Governor Gilmer resigned the office <*f Goner wr, in a letter addressed to the ' House of Delegates, of which a copy ap- i pears in the Whig of yesterday morning, ; received here last night. And so, for the j present, the matter stands, the State of | Virginia being left without a Governor, j Nat- Intel. I' \ i ' ' &JJIRTIIINO WRONG I-X TUB POST OFFICE. ** ' :*ThcPhiladelphia North American says: *One C-f the Banks in this city has received a notice from different persons of about fifty missing drafts upon it from the West, which were regularly mailed at variouspoints most of them in Illinois.' MHBriaifeUitiiiiUiiiMii 4ih instant; and his general health, the Nashville Union says, seems to be as good se as it has been for several years. s?' in Deaths in Charleston in 1841. White Males, 183; White Females, 73; Black Males, 117; Black Females, 171, "r Total, 605. UC Natives, 426; Foreigners, 70; Other ^ States. 41; Non residents. 68. Total, - til 560. Of these, were Whites, 257; Blacks and 41 Colored, 348; Total, 605. ?rf Population in Charleston. 20,963. M Proportion of Deaths, 1 in 49. From the Boston Transcript. ^ Webster and Slavery. It will be recollected that on the day ^ Mr. Webster resigned Ins seat in the Senate of the United States, he was furiously assailed by Mr. Cuthbert, of Georgia, who took advantage of Mr. Webster's not being able to reply, and charged him with cc being inmical to the interests of the ai South; in other words, charged him with ^ being an abolitionist, and favoring the . 1 views and principles of the abolitionists. ul Mr. Cuthbert has also, since, made a second attack unon him; in both cases hi; was v ably and eloquently defended by Mr. ^ Clav, Mr. Preston, and others. As Mr. < ? Webster now occupies the highest post Qj under the gift of the President, it will not jj be uninteresting to know what his prin- eT ciples in relation to the slave question are; oi and to show what grounds Mr. Cuthberl had for attacking him, we copy the follow, ing letter which he addressed to the Hon. Mr. Boltoi:, of Georgia, in answer to one requesting his opinion upon this exciting subject: New York, May 17th, 1833. ^ My Dear Sir: I have received your let- . jn ter of last evening, requesting me to slate i my opinion of the powers of Congress on p, the subject of slaves and slavery; and of a the existence of any wish or design, on fo the part of the northern incn, to interfere so with the security or regulation of that i th I fr< species ol properly. My sentiments on this subject, my ''car nc sir, have been often publicly expressed; hut I can have no objection to repeat the declaration of them, if it be thought by you that such a declaration might in the smallest degfee, aid the friends of union ^ and the constitution in the south in dispel. . ling prejudices which arc so industriously fostered, and in quieting ogitattons so unnecessarily kept alive. w ? * (*0 In my opinion, the domestic slavery of the southern slates is a subject within the ^ exclusive control of the states themselves; . and, this, I am sure, is the opinion of the whole north. Congress has no authority CC to interfere in the emancipation of slaves, or in the treatment of them in any of the m states. This was so resolved by the House Pr of Representatives, when Congress sat ' in this city in 1790, on the report of a committee consisting almost entirely of Pc northern members; and I do not know an Pr instance of the expression dfa different Vfl opinion, in either House of Congress, since. I cannot sav that particular indi- se I viduals might not possibly be found \vho ( suppose that Congress may possess some power over the subject, but I do not know any su -h persons, and if there he any, Pr I am sure they are few. The servitude J?' on of so gjcat a portion of the population of the south is, undoubtedly, regarded at the north, as a great evil, moral and political; c and the discussions upon it, which have recently taken place in the legislatures of cj, several of the slave-holding states, have Cl) been read ui:h very deep interest. But j ar it is regarded, nevertheless, as an evil m the remedy for which lies with those leg- ^ islatures themselves, to he provided and jj applied according to their own sense of re policy and duty. The imputations which you say, and say truly, are constantly made against the north, are, in my opinion, rc entirely destitute of any just foundation. ^ i have endeavored to repel them, so far jn as has been in my power, on all proper occasions; and for a fuller expression of ? my own opinions, both on the power of Congress, and on the groundless charges against northern men, I beg leave to refer o( you to my remarks in the debate on 31 r. p( Foot's resolution in 1S30. he I am, my dear sir, with much true regard, your obedient servant, Daniel Wkhsjek. jt To John Holton, Esq. ?| The case of M'Lhod. ? Mr. Crittenden, the Attorney General [ E of the United States, is on his way to Lockport, to attend the trial of 31'Lcod. ? General Scott accompanies him, hut with th no distinct object connected with tlie pub- 0,1 lie service, as we learn. It has been do- pt bated whether M'Lcoi cannot bo taken out of the custody of our stale courts, & and handed over to the authorities of the of Federal Government, now the question has . 2C * -? *? I assumed a national cnuracitr. ?? c uimn it can be done; but there arc many who P<" beieve that no interference should be per- U milted with tic operation of our State Pi laws, and who have no apprehension of violence or injustice being done to McLcod?rt being evident that the only witness of his having been present at the burning of the Caroline is himself; and T he is known to be a brnggndocic, and without character for truth and veracity, his testimony will not he taken. M'Leod is respectably connected in New York, it and studied for the ministry, bHtwasex- of polled from want of moral character. He w then studied medicine in Philadelphia, and th went to Indians surgeon of a merchant vessel; and finally returned to Canada, his {0 native country, with his usual Munchausen vice in full operation, and has got into. this scrape, and nearly got our country ^ into a scrape likewise. We hope, however, that the whole affair niay have an l)r auspicious termination, rjnd it will have, ^ if it ij> djscrcelly managed.?_Y. Y. Times. ^ Extra Sessions.?The following e.xtro ssions of Congress have heen called ice the organization of our Govern* ent. John Adams was inaugurated on the h of March, 1797. He convened Coness, May 1G, 1797. His first annual Idrcss was delivered, Nov. 23,1797. Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated on e 4th of March, 1801. He ordered a tiled session Oct. 17,1803. James Madison was inaugurated on the h of March, 1809. He convened Coness May 23, 1809, also on the 25th ol 'ay, 1813. Martin Van Buren was inaugurated or e 4th of March, 1837, and convened engross the 4th of September 1837. William Henry Harrison was inaugureel on the 4th of March, 1841, and conmed Congress on the 31st of May, 1841. T?g Hon. Wm. C. Preston. This gifted statesman and distinguish1 ornament of the American Senate, rived in this city, with his family, on unday last, from Washington, received ie numerous complimentary andcongratafory visits of our citizens, yesterday, -ft lo.iirou f.?r fAliinihin hv U'ftV of tllC a;l Road, (his morning. We look much i lus acknowledged influence nnd lofty uhtics to aid in adjusting to the satisction 'of the South and for the welfare * ihe whole Union, the many important, Ificult and delicate questions which will igage the approaching extra session of ir national legislature.?Char. Cour. From the Detroit Advertiser. , A SUH-TRBASCBY C1IKST. We had a hearty laugh the other day fer a monstrous iron Sub-Treasury host, sent on here by the General Gov. nment for the use of Mr. Land Office eccivcr Kcarsley. It is some ten feet height and duly proportioned, with an intense door, large enough for a pair ol rcnch ponies to pass through, and with sufficient interior to furnish sca-room r a "juvenile seventy-four." It weighs me five or six tons, and was brought tc is citv at an expense of about $500 eight. And yet the sub-treasurer makes > use of it. It is deposited in one of our trdware stores, a monument of the folly the Sub-Treasury humbug. w o North East Boundvrv. Mr. Davis, from the Committee on the . E. Boundary, made a report yesterday the Senate upon that subject, which as read, and with the accompanying rotations laid on the table, and 1000 pies ordered to he printed. The Report is at great length, going at rge into the history and present postal of the boundary : question, and ntains much interesting matter. We defer comments upon this doeu? * .. ? 4:1 uknll ono if in nrint. At em, 11ill ii ni; oiiuii ?. ... | esent, it is sufficient tosu}', that it does ?t advise any immediate action by the ate, or indicate definitely any future xiod when the State ought to act; but o}>oses to call upon the Federal Governent, forthwith to repel the existing insion of the State, und if necessary tc cure us against future invasion, to take ilitary possession of the disputed terriry. One of the resolutions declares, that the oceedings connected with the proposed int commission of survey andsettlement, ight to be closed within the present year. Augusta {Me.) Age. JOI.D AND PAPER IN GUREAT BRITAIN. We are indebted to a gci tleman of this ty, himself an able judge of finance and irrency, for a valuable work on the finicial operations of the British Governent. It was sent to this country by e celebrated Joseph Hume, M. P. From we learn the following progress of curncy and taxation, from the year 180J 1838 inclusive: In 1801, the ne t produce of the British venue in paper amounted to ju.5-?,iio, 15; in golJ, to ?31,707 048; gold beg at 83s. 7d. per ounce. Population, 1,388, 102, and the taxation per head, 118 9. In 1808, the revenue in paper amoiind to ?62,998, 191 ; in gold to ?57 548 )1; gold being at 80s. 3d. per ounce, jpulation, 17,871,5(33. Taxation per ;ad, ?3 4 4. In 1815, the revenue in paper amound to ?72/210.512 ; in gold to ?G0 575,)G. gold being 92s. lOd. per ounce.' Pop. ation, 19,503,934. Taxation per head, 3 1 11. (This year closed the grcal urcpean wars.) In 1828, the revenue in paper was 53,187,142; in gold ?55,188, 143; c price of gold heing 77s 50 l-2d per nice Population, 23,604,120. Taxation :r head $2 7 4. In 1838, the revenue in paper was 47,313:40G0 ; in gold the same the price gold being as in 1828. Population, i.083,879. Taxation per head ?1 15 5. A forthcoming publication states the pulalion of the United Kingdom ol r^at Britain in 1840 to be 27/200,000.? hiladcl])hia Inquirer. [CIRCULAR. DUTARTJIKXT OF SrLTE, March 20,1841. o the Hon. Thomas Kwing. Secretary of lh<* Treasury : Sir : The President is of opinion thai is a great abuse to bring the j>atronage the General Government into conflict ith the freedom of elections; and thai is abuse ought to be corrected wherevei may have been permitted to exist, and be prevented for the future. He therefore directs that informatior > given to all officers and agents in youi epartment of the public service thai irtisan interference in popular elections hether of Slate officers or officers of this oyernmcnt, and for whomsoever or a ; gainst whomsoever it may be exercised, or the payment of any contribution or assessment on salaries or official compensation for party or election purposes, will be regarded bv him as cause of removal. It is not intended that any officer shall | be restrained in the free and proper ex-1 pressionand maintenance of his opinions > respecting public men or public measures, i or in the exercise, to the fullest degree ^ c* of the constitutional right of suffrage, i But persons employed under the Govern> ment, and paid for their services out of F the public Treasury, arc not expected to take an active orofficious part in attempts i to influence the minds or votes of others; I such conduct being deemed inconsistent with the spirit of the Constitution and the duties of public agents acting under it; and the President is resolved, so far as de. pends upon him, that while the exercise of the elective franchise by the People shall be free from undue influences ofofficial station and authority, opinion shall [ also be free among the officers and agents ' of the Government. The President wishes it further to be ' announced and distinctly understood, that ' from all collecting and disbursing officers : promptitude in rendering accounts, and 1 entire punctuality in paying balances, will be rigorously exacted. In his opinion it is time to return, in this respect, to the 1 early practice of the Government, and to | hold any degree of delinquency on the part of those entrusted with the public money just cause of immediate removal. He deems the severe observance of this rule to be essential to the public service, j as every dollar lost to the Treasury by un. . faithfulness in office creates a necessity j > for a new charge upon the People. I I have the honor to be sir, your obedii cnt servant, DANIEL WEBSTER. [Similar letters have been addressed to i other heads of Departments.] ' 0O"Papers appointed to publish the 1 Laws arc requested to give the above one I incortinn mc!i. I ~ ! What shadows \vr are, and what | 1 shadows we pursue."?It is stated od 1 good authority that Judge Barbour, whose recent decrease at Washington was so sudden wrote a letter to his family on the . evening of his death. Ho stated to them that that his health was never better, and his prospect of returning to his home in Virginia to huu was delightful. The mail following the one which conveved thisletter, carried the'heart* rending intelligence of his death. Nat. Intel. Cayenne Pepper Saw Dust.?The St. Louis Bulletin of the 4thinst. says: w A gentleman of this city, yesterday brought us a bottle containing a quantity of bay irood saw dust, which he had bought for Cayenne pepper. The dust is so near the color of real Cayenne that the best of judges would be deceived. To render the deception still more certain, a small sprinkling of Cayenne is found upon the top of the counterfeit. This bents woodeo nutmegs and wooden hams uall hoi1 lor." Dealers in Cayenne epper will do 1 well to examine a little bofore they purchase. Mercantile Punctuality.?It isstaI ted in the Boston papers that Mr. Bancioflt, , the Collector of the port, has collected , more than ten millions of dollars or revenue, and every bond which has been taken by him and has fallen due, is discharged. There is not now a single in1 stance of default on the pnrt of any mcr' chant during his official term. THK MINERAL WEALTH OF SO. CA. We have been favored with the sight of i a Report subbmitted by a Committee, to the Stockholders of the South Carolina . Manufacturing Company, which is enj gaged in the manufacture of Iron, in i. Spartinburgh District. This Company, the Report, informs us, took possession of its works, then in a very incomplete state, > in November 183 k From that time to i November 1835, the Stockholders paid in 830.000; and since then they have not paid in another dollar except from the I profits of the works. They are engaged actively in making iron of all sorts, cast' ings and nails. They had been inoperaI tion, from Nov. 1834, to Jan. 1841, six years and two months, and in that time, under their energetic and skillful manager, - Mr. William Clark, they have paid up, , from the profits of the business, $70,000 I towards their capital, making it now #100.000 Daid in. They made, during i the year 1840, $70,000 worth of iron ; castings and nails, and declared a nett profit on their business, for the year, of i 826,692 21, or more than 26 percent. The operations oft he present year, we un. i derstand, promise equally well.?So. Cari olinian. We learn that instructions have been ' promptly despatched (on the 11 th instant,) by the Secretary of War, to discharge the ' '?-~~Jn Plnnrla milifin apflpntnrv."^ UllgllUV VI * IVUMU y ? , , under Gen. Read, authorized to be called into the service of the United States during the past summer. We are somewhat curious to learn what this force will have cost the country ; and whether it is likely that the services of such a "sedentary" , mounted corps have been commcasurate with the enormous expense for its main. 1 tenance,?Xat. Intel. Tin Baltimore Sun mentions, that on [ Saturday last, immediately after the arri val of the cars from the South at the Pratt I stjeet depot, a pocket-book was found by a man named John Cosh in. of Port De, posit, formerly of the United States Army. r Failing in his efforts to find an owner for t it-, he took it to a public house in the neihgborhood, and on examination he ' found it to contain about $4,000, of which * ahout $3,000, were in hank hills, and the " balance in checks, drafts, &c. It also contained some valuable [papers. When the cars were about to start for Philadelphia, he met a man in an exceedingly perturbed state of mind, being " half crazy" at the loss of his pocket-book. Cashin, on getting a description of it, found it to correspond with that of the one found by him, which he immediately restored to its rightful owner. Highly deligbted at its recovery, rejoiced and gratified in a superlative degree, the spirit of generosity filled the owner's heart, which expan- j ded even to the imminent danger of his vest buttons, and he munificently rewarded Cashin's honesty with a jive dollar bill of a Charleston (S. C.) bank. Mr. Van Bur en and the Next Presidency.?Mr. Van Buren has written a longer letter in reply to the nomination of the Missouri Legislature, in the course of which he says: " Although I might never feel myself at liberty to shrink from any and every responsibility which it may please the Democracy of the United States to impose on me, and which is consistent with the respect due to the people on account of the high station I have held by their j choice, [ should, nevertheless, be not merely as well, but better satisfied, at seeing those great objects accomplished un- j der the auspices of some one of the nuj merous names to be found in the ranks of j Democracy whose talents -character, and services, though they richly merit, have not yet received, the highest rewards of the people. My political friends everywhere will, I hope and believe, do me the justice to regard this declaration, made in the fulness of a grateful heart, as indicating with ahsolute sincerity the feelings by which 1 j am actuated. They are made upon a I consideration of the subject, so full and so i mature as to exempt the views and opin: ions they express, as far as belongs to hu-' man determination, from all liability to | change. i No one can expect or could desire to be always in oflice under a Government j and institutions like ours ; and I have en| joyed that privilege long enough to satisfy ; my utmost ambition..' price of labor in foreign countries. Mr. Burke, of New Hampshire, in the course of an elaborate speech in Congress in favor of the sub-Treasury bill, gave the following statements of the price of labor in Europe: England.?In ordinary times the poor ; laborer gets from $2 50 84 per week. In ; seasons of distress he gets but 82. In each case he is obliged to find his own board and lodging. Sec Wade's History of the Working Classes, page 538, and testimony taken before the anti-corn-law meeting, London, March 26, 1839. France.?The laborer averages, the year through, 16 cents per day.?-See I British Consular Reports, pp. 6, 22, 30 I and 39. | Corsica.?The male laborer gets 24 I cents a day, and the female 11 cents.? Con. Reps. 64. Prussia.?The male laborer gets from ; 8 to 13 cents per day for the longest, days, and about one third less for the shortest days. The female gets a little more than half as much.?Con. Reps. p. 76. Hollanl and Belgium.?A regular farm male servant gets from 822 to 828 per annum. A female servant is paid half as much. Laborers get from 18 to 20 stivers in the summer, and from 14 to 16 in the winter.?Con. Reps. p. 129. Austria.?Trieste?A field laborer gets 1 shilling sterling (22 cents) per day. one-half of which is deducted if hoard and ; lodging are found. Mian?The head ] man gets from 1 to 2 livres per day in har vest time ; half that amount . at other ! times. Genoa?Laborers received from 5 pence to 8 pence per day, besides their diet. Ijeghorn?The day laborer pets 0 I. a day and food in summer.?Con. Reps. pp. 154, 102, 105 108, and 1G9. knavery outwitted. The case of John Eyre, Esq., who (hough worth upwards of30,000l.t was convicted at the Old Bailey, and sentenced to transportation, tor stealing eleven quiries of common writing paper, was ; rendered more memorable, by the oppori tunity which it gave Junius to impeach i the integrity of Lord Mansfield, who was j supposed to have erred in admitting him ! to bail. An anecdote was related of Mr. Erye, which shows in a striking manner ; the depravity of the human heart, and I may help to account for the meanness of ; the crime of which he stoo l convicted. An uncle of his, a gentleman of considerable property, made his will in favor of a clergyman, who was his intimate friend, and committed it, unknown to the rest of his family to the custody of the divine.? i However, not long before his death, hnv\ ing altered his mind with regard to the ' the disposal of his wealth, he made anoth' er wdl in which he left the clergyman : only G00I., leaving the bulk of his large : fortune to go to his nephew and heir at l law, Mr. Erye. j Soon after the old gentleman's death. Mr. Eyre rumaging over his drawers, found this last will, and perceiving the Ic: gacv of 5001. in it for the clergyman, i without any hesitation or scruple of con science, put it in the fire, and took pos ] session of the whole effects, in consequence of his uncV* being supposed to have 1 died intestate. The clergyman corning to town soon aftgr, and inquiring into the i circumstances of his old iriend's death, | asked if he had made any will before he ! died ? On being answered by Jfr. Erye I in the negative, the clergyman very coolly put his hand in his pooket, and pulled out the former will, which had been committed to his care, in which.Mr. Erye had | bequeathed him the whole of his fortune, a; mounting to several thonsand pounds, ex' cepting a legacy of ?500 to his nephew, Correspondence of the Notional Intelligencer\ ARRIVAL OF A STEAMSHIP FiOM EUROPE. New York, March 2U . The Culedcmia steamer arrived at Boston yesterday forenoon in some hours short of sixteen days from Liverpool. Money was easy in London. Good ./ commercial paper was discounted at 4 3.4 per cent. The general features of the money market, however, showed prefty much the same state of things to exist there that exists here. A general want of confidence to do business was manifest,' and with this a fear or apathy in business matters. The political news from England is eminently pacific. Tha imprisonment of McLeod has been the subject of no further discussion in Parliament. The newspapers, however, harp upon it, and with as many conflicting opinio** as there arc here. No one, however, 'whhso' opinion is of the least importance, icon, templates any thing like a suspension or cessation of the friendly relation* existing between the two countries. . Those on this side pf the Atlantic whose voices are for war will find no fuel for their fire in the' news from Europe. The general voice of the People is much more pacific than Inre, where men of cool heads and quiet nerves fear neither a war nor the yielding up of any principle at issue between the two countries. | The arrival of the Caledonia bring* % n wsofthe saddest disaster ever record| ed. An American emigrant ship hat | been lost with one hundred and twenty-two i passengers. The unfortunate vessel was i the Governor Jenner, which sailed from i L'verpool for New York on the 13th of February with a crew 18 persons and 108 ' passengers, all of whom, the captain and mate excepted, were lost in twelve hours ' after sailing. Oa the morning following the departure of the Governor, at 2 ofj clock, and 20 miles north of Holyhead, ;.the ship came in contact with the Not' tingham steamer from London. So vio| lent was the collision that in one minute the ill fated ship sunk beneath the waters, carrying down all of the 124 persons on hoard except the two we have named.? All on board the ship but the watch were asleep when the steamer was struck.? Hurried thus into eternity, their waking' up was in another world. Parliament was in session when the steamer left. The Irish Registration Bill had been discussed warmly, and was ,detented. This was Lord Stanley** bill.*? The Church of Scotland was another subject of debate in the House of Log!*. I notice in the debates of theJHouse of Commons of the 1st inst. a* inquiry by Sir J. Graham to Lord John Russeh The information sought for was in reference ton Lieut. McCormick, who had been re* commended for a pension to the Lords of the Admiralty. The ground of the recommendation was, that iVfcCormick had assisted in the capture of the Caroline, The news from the continent is unimportant, and from the East uhinteresting. The non-arrival of the overland - -- - . m;til from India, and the consequent hick of news from China, has been I he cause of great disappointment. R ioimkxfal scjioolmrstn kssks.?Her Vfejesty has, within the Inst fortnight signed a warrant for the appointment of I a schoolmistress to every regiment of car. airy, and every regiment, batalion, or depot of infantry. Her duties will be toininstruct the female children of soldiers in reading, writing, arithmetic, and plain needle-work. Tor this, she is to receive a salary of 20/. a year, or where a regiment of infantry is on a detatched service, or in depot, at the rate of 3/. a com. ! pany. The want of such a person has long been felt in the service ; for, hitherto, although ample provision has been in existence for the instructionof the sons, none has, until the present time, ever bsen afforded to the daughters of ^oldiers. Whenever it is possible, it is intended that this situation shall lie filled by the wife of a non-commissioned officer of the regiment to which he is appointed. Dublin Monitrr, THE rif 1LOSOP8K AXD TfIB HUSTIC. Anthony Collins, who has generally been considered a Freetinkef, one day met a plain countryman going to church. ' Where arc you going V said the philosopher. * To church, sir,' * What to do there to worship God, sir.'. 'Pray, is your God great or little V* 'He is both sir., 1 How can that be V* * He is so great that the heaven of h? avens cannot contain him, and he is so little that ho can dwell in my heart.'?Collins after-; i warJs declared that the simple observation j of the coui try men had more effect upon I his mind than at) the volumes he had per j used, written by the learned doctors. Temperance. j The cry is still, onward, in this good ) cause, 103 persons in addition to the for! mer thousands, took the pledge at St. j Marv's Chapel on Sunday last. 1 Already altered appearances mark j many of those who have made the happy change.?Honoured arc they who forward such a benevolent work. Large accessions to the Temperance host, are recorded respecting the United State3. Last M'ramichi Gleaner gives an account of a Temperance meeting in Chat- 4 * ham, N. B., and says that scarcely a paper is opened which does not bear news of the moral reformation, ft does form