*
VOLUME VI.
By M. MAC LEA A.
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JUT The postage must be paid on letters to tin
editor on the business of the office.
Having copied into oar columns (twe
or three weeks since) the article to wliicl
the following is a reply, we give place t<
the reply also.
From the American Farmer.
On Cattle.
To the Editor of the American Farmei
" Having observed in your last number o
the "Farmer" an essay from Win. Carnii
chael, Esq. on the subject of cattle, anc
believing that in the essay ho advances
and inculcates an erroneous opinion, vvel
calculated to retard the progress of im
provemcnt in this valuable animal, I an
i iduced to offer some reflections there
on:
Your correspondent is an old and prac
tical farmer of some thirty years experience
and practice, and the columns of the
"Farmer" as well as many other papers,
have afforded for many years ample evi.
denceof his zeal in the cause of agriculture,
his laudable fondness for the subject,
as well as his general practical intelligence.
His opinions, therefore, in general,
are entitled to much weight, and
when authoritative opinions emanate
gravely from a source of this kind, and
have a wide spread circulation, if they
happen to be erroneous, thoy have upon
the reflecting and inexperienced, a most
dangerous influence. lie has fallen, 1
tnfce ft, into a serious error when he grave?..
_ _i: i .l. e. 11' c. _r
iv oujuu^fs me preiurcntc "in iuvui ui
i New England over nn Old England
bull," and I should think it probable, not.
withstanding the wan* of information upon
the subject of his Connecticut visitor, that
"he could not go into any of the New
England States to any noted breeder of
good cattle and buy what is termed n coun.
try bull calf at any price.?They arc not
now in the hands of such men, and they
are all breeding from improved cattle
sprung from recent importations of Dev.
ons, Ayreshirc or Hereford cattle. It has
long been believed and maintained, that
the old stock of New England (I will not
* miscall them the "native" stock) are the
descendants of imported Devon cattle.?
This has been inferred from their general
resemblance in color and points, and
although there is no degeneracy in size,
they are not regarded by Mr. Hurlbcrt,
Mr. Jacques and other scientific breeders
as comparable to the English Derons at
this time?because, 'o dcu'it, of the superior-care
with which they have been bred
in the old country, and from this "cause
only. Mr Juques by the bve is at the present
tirueexperinicntingtosee whether by scientific
crossing he cannot make up a breed of
his own, and so far he appears satisfied
with his prospective success. Timothy
Pickering was the only intelligent New
Engiandcr that I recollect to have seen
maintain the superiority of the native
cattle, as he called them, over the recent
importations, and in a long controversy
upon this subject he was fairly driven
from his grotmd by a Pennsylvania farmer.
It is very true that in New England as
well as elsewhere in the country we occasionally
find an extraordinary milker of
the old stock, whose pedigree cannot be
traced to any recent importation, (al
though her appearance generally indicates
the race she sprung from) but it
would be very extraordinary if this were
not the cose, when the great desparity in
numbers known to exist between the cows
whose pedigrees are known, and those
which are not known, is taken into account.
But all the cattle of the country,
be it remembered, are descended from
cattle imported at some period or othei
from either England, France, or Holland.
There is scarcely a substantial farmer or
this Shore whose cattle arc not already
improved by crosses in some degree o!
the importations made here within the
lart fifty years. There have not beer
many importers on this shore?none tha
I recollect except Col. Lloyd, Gen. Cad
wallader, the elder Win. De Courcey
Mr. Dickinson, of Caroline, and pcca
sionally a few milch cows, into the oh
seaport town of Chester. But the lati
Wm. Helmsley, and the late Gov. Wrigh
bred cferefully and judiciously from im
ported cattle, and had greatly the bes
herds in their dairy on the Shore. Col
Lloyd ruined bis herd of cattle by breed
ing for many years from the Bakcwells
(a race known to befit for nothing bu
the butcher) and be never succeeded ii
after crosses in breeding this bad bloo:
?LJ?
CHI
? ? ?
out. Mr. Bordley's cattle which Mr. C
so much commends, it appears were oh
1 tained from Mr. Calvert, no doubt befor<
1 he ruined his stock by the introduction o;
i Bakewells into it. But Mr. Bordley's
cattle, to my eye, hear evident marks ol
.?i?? n.!irin nn/t mwnmhln nre,
uieir i ci:s? aici ? ,?
1 cisely the descendants which I have seer
, from the importation of Mr. Porter, ol
s Delaware, as thov do very much the Dur
hams of the present day, and in nothing
1 so much as their color. Mr. Bordley was
j. an able agriculturist, one of the most intcl
. Iigent of the country in his day; but ]
i should infer, conjectured, they had descen
r ded from the cattle which Lord Ansor
j saw on the Island of Tinian, because nr
notice is taken in any of the various Eng
> lish works that I have seen, in which th<
origin of their valuable races of cattle ii
traced out, or the slightest mention made
of Lord Anson's importation of cattle.?
Their herd book runs back, if I recoiled
, right, far beyond the date of Lord An
f son's voyage round the world.
The white color, with red or dark ears
5 although a color not unfrequently fount
in theDurhams and some other races, i<
an objectionable one to some farmers
believing it to be tender in cold climates
and they desire to get rid of tt. It is be
r lieved to repel heat whilst the darker col
f ors absorb it, and according to my expcri
crice it is true, for at the end of summei
j my white cattle are generally in the besi
condition, whilst this is not the case at
the end of the winter if the animal U lefi
unsheltered. The old Bordley cattle anc
' the old Porter cattle were undoubtedly firn
1 cattle, and any farmer with good pasture
might be very-content with a good here
of them.?But they were imported cattle
and never were for the grazier or the
butcher since I have known them, accord:
ing to my humbled opinion, to be com,
par"d to the recent importations of Dur
hams, Devons, Avreshires or Hercfords,
Then what good reason can your intelli,
gent correspondent offer to prove, that wc
had better buy and breed from cattle
which were imported fifty or an hundred
years ago and bred from since with no
care, in preference of those of the same
original race bred with the utmost care
and science; I am at a loss to conjecture.
There has been no scientific breecding of
cattle on this shore such as you find all
over England. Col. Lloyd was a nan
of the soundest practical sense, and one of
the best farmers I ever knew; but he was
a very careless or injudicious breeder.?
He mixed all the different races of stock
brought upon his estate together, and
kept nothing xeperate. Merinos, he crossed
on country sheep, upon these he crossed
Bakewells, and on these again he
crossed South Downs?ultimately his flock
? >n tlin .n in n , ?a,rk<i I 1111 f Hl?i irifwl .
t'Ulil|ll I9CU III IIIC !>ililltniniiHiiii?
ley of Moo<l. His ample and fi:io pastures
gave him good stock, but ultimately from
this cause, both his cattle and sheep fell
into disrepute and no breeder sought stock,
cattle or sheep from Wye. He bad in
fact at the time of his death no distinct
breed of cattle or sheep on his whole estate.
TheJiral cross between two distinct
races of animals will most probably give
you valuable stock for the butcher, but
when the breeder comes to breed further
together these crossed nnitnals, they sel,
doin fail to "breed back" as it is termed to
their worst ancestors, and sad disappointment
is the inevitable consequence. I
shall again hereafter refer to Col. Lloyd's
short horn Durham*, and undertake to
to correct your corespondent in another
particular about them.
We have, by recent importations, all
the valuable varieties of stock which E n gland
is so justly famed all over the world,
andthedilfercncc generally inthestvlcof
breeding bv our countrymen and the Eng.
lish is, that the former are apt to mix up
every variety together and expect by aceulcul
to gel something better than the
originals?whjlst the latter breed strictly
and closely from the same race, only of.
fering crosses from ditFerent families 01
s herds. The former sometimes crosgoj
till he ruins his stock, has no distincl
race, and then condemns it.?The lattei
: by his manner of breeding prevents hi;
stock from deteriorating, if he does not im
> prove it. Which of these breeder* shoulc
. we buy from ? You may ride for days anc
weeks together in England, and you wil
i not see a mixed herd of cattle, or flock o
t sheep, or an individual of this description
and you will very rarely indeed, see i
single indifferent animal?they are al
. good or fair.?But at the same time vot
i will be forcibly struck with the pleasing
' I fact, that among their great numbers, yot
. will see nothing superior either inform o,
i size to some of the carefully bred animali
' of the same races raised in this country
f and treated as well as pood stock shouh
; he.
? The advantages to the farmer efT;cte<
t in England by scientific and improve!
breeding, are, to produce an animal of les
? offal, carrying more weight within thi
- same outlines, early maturity and greate
1 aptitude, from the quality of the bone, t<
? fat. You see in all their publications th<
t Englishman proudly boasting of, and set
- ting forth the fact in round numbers, tha
t the average weight of their cattle am
. sheep sold in Smith field and other grea
markets is annually and steadily on the in
; crease, and the American grazier will per
t haps be astonished to learn that their priz
i stall fed bullocks hardly ever see the en<
3 of their fourth year; whilst three fourth
w vwmmiLW d
;raw, south-gakouna
.. of the Durhams, Devons and Herefords a
. sold in their mirkcts, do not reach the c
?| end of their third year. Behold, Mr. Edi- it
f j tor, the great advantages to the breeder ti
3 and grazier afforded by these quick returns
f and this great economy of feed. Similar a,
. resu'ts, as Mr. Turner and other inteliii
gent butchers know, arc beginning to apf
pear in our own markets, whenever the
. improved stock comes to the shambles. ^
r Your correspondent, M-. C. has wisely
5 indicated to the farmers of the Eastern
. Shore, that in consequence of the quantity w
[ of breadstuffs thrown into Baltimore by c
. works of internal improvement, that we P
i must go at something else than raising p
> breadstuffs for market; no proposition is n
. more sound and true than this, and I have y
j long ago foreseen and maintained it, but a
s in my next number I will undertake to f,
i shew that this is nearly physically impos- u
- sible in the present temper of the people a
t j of the Shore, and that we cannot succeed,
. until we first provide means of transporting
our marketing to market, before the 0
, marketing itself is provided. Upon the P
1 subject of which end wc are to begin at c
s I to reach success in this desirable object in c
, i introducing new objects of culture and v
, new sources of profit to Eastern Shore far- P
. mers, we shall perhaps be more widely p
. apart than we arc on the subject of breed- p
. ^ ing stock. But if unfortunately we should s
r, not succeed to convince each other in our c
t1 collision of opinion and argument, we may t
t possibly sufficiently raise the curtain over a
t our benighted Shore, to let in the light s
1 from some other quarter. E.
j Poplar Grove, Feb. 5, 7841.
i I New Kind of Grain.
f j A foreign paper, the Derry Standard, 1
. j directs public attention to a new variety
. | of grain, of which n trial has lieeii made j P
the last season, in lvigland, out of which I
j a sufficient quaot.ly has not been raised to P
- f i I o
enable the true test of its tuture uscitr- '
ness to l>e applied to it. 1
51 44 Last year a mechanic in Bedale, 1
' i Yorkshire, recieved a lett r from a relative 1
I in Peru South America. In it were a a
' I few grains of what he called Peruvian f
, | barley, which he stated, produced two ! 1
j crops from one sowing, in that country, 151
v that is, when one crop was reaped, shoots | '
i were proceeding from the stems, which *
J the same season brought to maturity.?
From curiosity, more than any other mo- *
tivc at that time, these grains were plan- 3
ted in a garden, and those that vegetated *
produced a num!>er of stems each, which
came to maturity. This year not having <;
any place where the grain could be safe- r
ly sown and taken care of, he was kindly ?
permitted to occupy a bed twenty-one '
yards long and seven feet wide, in the 1
, garden of a lady of fortune in Bedale.? ja
Sonic more of the grain was sown in a | r
little garden of his own, and the produce
of one different head was cultivated in 1
the garden of the Rev. John Manson.? 1
The corn grew luxuriant, and produced *
from some of the grains upwards of thirty 1
stem*, from its great hight and luxuriance 8
1 /! . 1 uauarn wontllpr in Jlllv. ^
II suuereu uuiu uiv.ovh.iv .. ?
but it was cut the tenth of August. There *
were some green stems, growing from the c
root at the time, but not suffiecnt to jus- *
tify the expectation of another crop in c
tlrs climate. The grain when standing has ! f
o o |
the appearance of barley but much whi- j "
( ter, with a long beard or awn. On being ! \
. pulled and rubbed in the hand the awn j *
I conies off with the husk, and leaves the s
j grain bare like wheat, to which it bears '
. a stronger resemblance than barley J?
, und by some is considered a species of '
wheat. To show the enterprising and
*n.voiitati'vo cnlrit <?f the Englishman we j(
)
stae that ?100 was offered for the pro- |
ducc of one small plot of ground above j
51 mentioned, on which the crop, notwithj
standing the disadvantages of the seaso , 1
] i was very great but could not be mo e j(
than six stone.?We understand the sum , *
< i I *
t | wasrefused, the owner expecting to get j
r! more by selling it in small quantities." j
i
GAPES IN CHICKENS, &C.
i We have four communications on the j
I management of chickens, relating princi1
i pally to the cause, prevention and cure of
' gajics. As we have not room for them j j
nil, we extract from each of them the most j,
| essential parts. " A Poulterer" inquires ' |
the cause, and asks for preventive and (
cure. Ho describes the disease as fol- <
' lows :?
* "So far as my observation, has exlen- ,
a ded, and from the information of others, I
) gather the following facts relative to the | (
| disease. Upon dissection there are found |
in the windpipe, several small red worms, j
1 varying in size and length?some half {
j an inch and more in length. The heart, <
s also, is much enlarged, quite soft and sull- i
3 : used with blood. It is supposed that these 1
r j worms continue to increase in size, until <
^ j the windpipe becomes completely filled up, '
L' i and the chicken suffocates. Tuc disease
first shows itself when the chicken is be- '
jj tween three and four weeks old, and not
^ | generally after, by causing a sneezing or (
_ i snuffning through the nostriis, and a fret ,
quent scratching of itself at the roots of, j
0 the bill. In two or three days it com- j j
d mences to droop and grow stupid, and at ]
s every brjath raises its head and gapes,
mwmi&'WMMifi
, WEDNESDAY, MAKCI
pparently for the want of breath. It thus b
ontinues for a week or ten days, when I
; dies, perfectly emaciated. The appete
continues good, and it will eat greedir
so long as it lives. The disease is v
itcnded with much fever, so much so, ''
iat the end of the tongue becomes white, ?
nd so dry that it curls up." ^
From the communication of " iV. 5."
f New-Windsor
? Can you give your readers any inforlation
as to the best methods for rearing v
hickens ? I have taken a great deal of
ains, but have invariably been but poorly \{
ain for my trouble. In the first place, p
ly^lren.house, in the warm season of the r
ear, is so infested with hen lice, as they ']
re called here, that it is almost impossi- ^
le to make the hens stay on their nests t
ntil the eggs are hatched. The moment t
person enters the door, they appear to a
ome from every direcrion right down up.
n him ; and if by any chance, there hap- v
ens a few eggs to get hatched out, the ^
hickens are soon taken with a disease (
ailed the gapes, and very few if any sur- j
ive. The l>est thing I have ever yet t
mind for this disease, is ground black ?
epperand butter, mixed well together, j
>ut down their throats; this, if applied t
oon enough, I think is a pretty certain |
urc. Any information upon either of j
hose evils would be thankfully received {
Iso the best method for building hen-hou. ,
es, so that they may be the easiest clean- ,
e accomni(?date the most hen , and keep j
hein the warmest in winter." I
Mr. E'i Westfall, ofRhinebeck, gives j
he following remedy :?
" Remove the worms out of the wind- (
ipe and they will get well. This can be |
lone with safety and facility after a little ,
ractice, in the following manner. Let
onie one take the chicken, holding its ,
n one hand and placing the other over
's hack, so as to hold it firm ; then let (
he operator take a small hen's feather or
i large pigeon's feather, and strip off the ^
eather from the stem excepting about an (
nch or inch and a half from the tip end, ,
ccording to the size of the chicken.
Vet it a little, and strip that part back so
hat what remains on the stem, willl stand
?ack like the barbs on an arrow, exceping
the extreme point, which roll a little
o as to make a point; then let the opera- j
or take the head of the chicken in his ,
ift hand, placing his thumb and forefing. ,
ir on each side of the bill, in such a man
ler as to hol<l the inouth open, the neck
fentlv but firmly drawn out in a straight ,
ne; then observe the opening bock in j
he tongue, place the feather as near to it ,
is possible, and when the chicken breath- <
s, the windpipe will be open, enter the ,
oint quick, and fear not after the point
sentered ; pushdown gently from two to ,
hree inches, (don't be in too much of a ,
mrrv ;) then draw out, and turn the fcaher
as it is drawn, and the worms will
idhere to the feather, and others will be
oosened, and the chicken will sneeze
hem up frequently, so that they will fly
>ut of their mouths. It is not advisable
o enter the feather more than twice at
me time; let the chicken go, and if it
rapes the day after, you have not got them
>11; try again. This is a sure cure if atended
to; generally you need not per
orm tho operation more than once, hut j
0 me times oftencr. My chickens, over.
00 in number, never had it worse ; the |
jrcater part have had it, and I have lost
intone,and that was doubtlessly neglect- |
:d ton long; and I never saw a lot of
ihickcns thrive better in ray life. I have
aken out as many as eleven worms at one
laul. O no of my goslins, not long since,'
ippcared to have the gapes. 1/ was j
iomethin? new to me, I never had heard
O '
>f goslins being subject to il ; I thought
hegoslin would scon die ; it occurred to
nv mind that it was not an impossibility,
[ tried the remedy, and the goslin is now
veil and thriving."
* J K. of Fultonville, says:
*? Hens having chickens are usually
<ept confined while the chickens are
:m?jll, and too often so that they, cannot
;et to the ground. When thus confined,
t should always be on the ground, and in
1 good sized moveable coop, which should
>e moved so as to occupy a new position
)n the ground, as often as once in ten davs.
Such a course will have a tendency to
revent the young brood from Incoming
ousy ; for it is well known chickens canlot
thrive if covered with vermin. I nof
>nly feed and water such broods several
imes in a day, but I cut grass and clover
nto short pieces and place it in the coop,
ind have the satisfaction of seeing it grecJily
devoured. In addition to this course
rf treatment, I almost daily, dig earth
ivorms for them. I hear my neighbors
jftcn complain that their chickens are
lousy, or have 'the gapes,'either of which
will destroy them. 1 seldom lose chicktins
from either, and attribute mv success
to the course of treatmant as above recommended.
Thousahds upon thousands of
chickens would psobably be saved annually,
by a littlle attention to the course 1
pursue. Lice may be destroyed by placing
lard beneath the wings and on the
back of the chicken. A sure remedy
for the gapes I have not yet discovered j
I 10, 1841.
ut have heard a simple one given, which
have had no opportunity to test. It was
c extract a few of the end feathers from
he wings, the barrel of which it is said
rill be found to be black. Fowls, while
lying, should be well fed, and the size ol
he eggs will generally determine theii
il , 1 iL .
.eeping ; as me eggs are a ges, wnen m<
owls are best fed.!'
the banks.
** Now by St. Paul the work goes bra
cly on."
The State Bank and the Bank of Char
eston have followed the honorable exam
>le of the Bank of South Carolina, an(
ejected the late Anti-Suspension law
Hie former institution failed to form j
juorum. and adopted, icilhoul a dissenting
vice, a motion to adjourn sine die, will
he understanding that it was to be con
lidered a rejection of the Act.
The meeting of the Bank ofCharlestoi
vas one of high interest?the attendant
vas numerous, and more than a majority
>f shares were represented. On motion
he Hon. Jacob Bond 'On was called tc
he Chair, and Abraham Moise, Jr., Esq.
ippointed Secretary. An able legal op
nion, from J. L. Petigrue, Esq.'a Solici
or of the Bank, was read, shewing tlia
he Bank was not within the purview o
he Act, as the first suspension, to whicl
done it had been a party, had been sane
:ioned by various subsequent acts uiv
esolutions of the legislature, and the for
ieiture, if incurred, had been thereby re
cased, and especially by the act, of 183S
jassed since that suspension, and afte
the resumption, amending the charter o
the Bank and, of course, recognizing it
legal existence-. II. W. Conner, Esc
read an able report from the Board c
Directors, explaining, with great forc<
the grounds of ohjection to the law
Doddridge Crocker, Esq. ofiered a seric
of resolutions, adopting the report, and n
jecting the act. C. G. Memmixgfk, Es<
rose and opposed the resolutions, in a fo
ciblc speech or great length, and conch
ded with ofTering a substitute, in subst
tkn not ? 1 P/,f inrri
atw|>iiiig ure ac?. u.
Esq., replied to Col. M., in an. animate
address, full of pith and point, and in c
pecial vindication of the late Bank su
pensions, on grounds of morals and puhli
expediency. Albert Rhett, Esq., follov
ed on the opposite side, but, with all h
rare gifts of elocution, failed, in our judj
ment, to make the worse appear the betti
reason. The Hon. Kcr Boyce, Prcsidei
of the Bank replied to Mr. Rhett, oxplaii
ing his own course in the Legislator
c n
and opposing the acceptance of the Ac
Cov. McDutliie, although) we are sorry t
say) in very feeble health, next took tli
floor, and strongly advocated the rejertie
of the law, on the ground that the Ban
of Charleston was not bound to acce|
the act, and there was no obligation on
to carry mngnanimity so far as voluntar
ly to subject itself to penalities, intend*
to punish an offence from which its skir
were clear. He impressed, with grei
force, the injustice of the act in levelliti
penalities against the Banks of the Slat
which so far from abusing, had never eve
used, to any thing like its legal extcn
the unwise power over the circulatioi
entrusted to them by their charter
They were all empowered to issue pap<
to three times the amount, not of the
?-- ? ? ? l?..i iUm.m AAmbl.i n n/l f/> A1
specie, i?ui ui men w?ij?uais <?uu iu
ercise that power would unqucstionahl
Ihj a greater fraud than the suspension <
specie paymenxs, for which they wei
now arraigned as criminals. Ho also do
canted on the utter folly of imposii]
penalities and restraints on suspension
at a period, when the recharter of a U. I
Bank, with a capital of ?>50,000,000, <
a specie basis, was soon likely to fori
every Slate Bank in the Union, on tl
principle of self-preservation, into a s(a
of suspension. The Hon. F. H, Ehnor
President of the Bank of the State e
pressed his views in favor of the law, ar
in reply to Mr. McDuffie, but his remarl
struck us, as in fact; although doubtle
not intentionally so, rather apologeti
than defensive of the act; as he allowi
that monthly statements ought to hesu
stitutcd by quarterly or even senii-annu
ones, and urged the right of the State
release the penalities tor suspension, u
der the act, should the event, alluded
by Mr. M'Duffic, happen and be attend
with the anticipated effect. After a ff
words chiefly explanatory, bctwei
Messr's. Rhett and M'Duffie, Col. Mci
minger's substitute was rejected, and 1VI
Cracker's original resolutions were ado
ted by a very large and most decisive in
jority.
The Commercial Dank of Columbia h
also nullified this unconstitutional act, ai
earned, we understand, the honor ofsp
king the first blow. It only remai
now for the judiciary to give it an cv<
lasting quietus.?Charleston Courier.
From the same paper.
MEETING OP THE STOCK HOLDERS
OF THE BANK OF CHARLESTON, 80: CA.
In pursuance ofa public call, the Stoc
holders of the Bank of Charleston, S
i
4
NUMBER 17.
i Ca., convened at their Hal), on Saturday*
i. the 27th February, to take into considerai
tion the recent act of the Legislature in
' reference to the suspensions of specie payj.
raents, by the Banks of this State.
A large majority of the shares were represented
on the occasion?and a m ire numerous
meeting of the Stockholders, has
not been held since the establishment of
the institution.
The Hoa. Jacob Bond'0:1 was called
to the Chair, and A. Moise, Junior, ap.
pointed Sicretary.
The Hon. Ker Bovce, President of the
] Bank, s ated that he ha1 in hi9 possession,
a letter from James L Pv*igr;ie, Esq.,
l Solicitor of the Bank, which was read for
7 the information of the Stockholders, as .
j follows.
Charleston, Feb. 25.1841.
Deab Sir?In the opinion which I hud
the honor of submitting to you lately, on
1 the recent act respecting suspensions, no
2 notice was taken of what has happened
^ since the suspension. If no forfeiture has
? hcen in fact incurred, it is immaterial whe>
ther the Legi-latere have or have not, re,
leased the Banks from i?. But if am
- wrong, and it should be adjudged that
. the suspension of 1837, was a cause of fort
feiture, then it would become very mates
f rial to ascertain, whether the Legislature
h hove waived that forfeiture or not.
What the Legislature did, is contained
' * * 1 ' -(kn
] in the journals anu alas u? ill V IV09IVII VI
, 1837. '
The matter was brought to the view of
" the Legislature by Governor Butler. His
' message is an elaborate defence of the
1 necessity of the suspension, and of the
* duly of the Legislature to promote resump.
s lion, by encouraging the Banks. The'
I* \ (Comptroller General had to consider the
>f subject, in relation to the Bank of the
State, lie commends the suspension in
*. his report, as a measure of public safety.
?s But the Bonk of the Stnic had not only
j. suspended, hut issued small bills against,
j an express prohibition. This was n clear
r case of a breach of the charter; but the
( Comptroller treats it as an act, forced up.
on the Directors, by the necessities of the
people, and submit their claims to the in.
J' diligence of the Legislalure. The Legi*.
lature adopting the suggestion of the
H" Comptroller, passed an act (see page 41 of
** annual acts, <fcc.) authorizing the Ranks
'c to issue bills of fifty cents, and twenty.five
cents, and repealing the prohibitory laws,
is The Governor's Message on the subject
j. of currency was referred to a Special
?r Committee (15). That Committee made
it a report, containing views on the subject
i. of thee urrency, and the causes of the late
p embarrassments, at variance with the Gov.
t ernor's. But on the subject of the sua.
o pension an amendment was oflvred hv a
, member of the Committee in these terms:
|0 f
i wKv In rnflnnt
" | MUl II 1.1 1IUI IUl?U?.VU uv >>-'M .. 1IV.V.
n n:.| (lis r?.dit 01 the Banks, generally of
the United States, nor least of all, upon
. onr own. of whose sound condition, (as
compared with other parts of our Ranking
i- system) the Legislature isfnlly satisfied."
d (14.) This resolution was referred to the
ts Committee of Ways and Means. Their
it report44 that they had examined the exig
position of the condition of the Ranks accomj
anying the message, and feel satis,n
fied that they are entitled to public confi.
I dencc," was adopted by bolh branches.
t,' (11). Tlie tax act parsed on the 20th
^ l)eceml?cr, while every Bank in the State
was under suspension, directs the taxes to
be paid in specie, or the bills of the Banks
ir of this State.
If there had been in the charter of the
')* Bank of Charleston, an express condition,
that upon suspending spicie payments,
re the charter should be forfeited these reso.
s- lutions and acts of the Legislature would
ig release the penalty. A forfeiture never
car. be returned to after it has been once
3. waived, any act which recognizes the relation
after a forfeiture has occurred, is a
,(, waiver of the forfeiture. Thus theaccep1(J
fanoe of rent from a tenant after a breach
j of an express condition, isa release of the
forfeiture ; although (he forfeiture is ex
pressly provided for, as the consequence
x" of the breach. It is the same in all sorts
1 of grants, to which conditions either express
oi implied are annexed,
s* It. would he impossible to enforce t!*o
forfeiture supposing that it had been in.
curred after the session of December,
b* 1837. But in 1839, the Legislature
a' authorized the Bank of Charleston to
*? postpone at the discretion of the President
n- and Directors the payment of its additional
capital. This was such a distinct
C(1 recognition of the Bank, as a corporation
>u' legally existing, that a prosecution for an
3n antecedent forfeiture, will not bear argu1,_
inent.
I am, dear sir, yours trulv,
P- J. L. PETIGRU.
a- Ker Boyce, Esqr.
. Prcs't. Bank of Charleston, 3. C?
as
nd DEBATE IN THE SENATE.
p'g Monday February 22, 1841.
Mk. Webster's Resignation,
The debate on Mr. Crittenden's bill
haring closed; the following letter from
the Hon. Daniel Webster was read:
'Hon. R. M. Johnson, Vice President U.
k,
4 Sir: It is the object of this letter to
?* I make known to the Senate the rcsignatSo?
+ y