Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, February 24, 1841, Page 58, Image 2
? - wrwwrjn >i r 11. -c i irti
first yoked they shouM fro confined in a
close stable for a day or two, until they
have learned that the gear will not hurt
them. Thej in ly then hj pat bjiuicl a
pair of gentle wten, and chained to them,
trut not driven about till they have found
that neither tlie chain nor t!fc; oxen are
intended to injure them. When tliev
have bji*onie familiarized to the chum
ti id to the oxen, the whole team ui*y l>e
th'iven aSoiit in the vard, hat without any
hwif* At tlie next trial a carl, <?r a very
snt.tW load on a sled, any Irj drawn by
Ihrtn all.
If thi3 proccsa i.: conducted in a judicious
manner, i>?K a o!ow will he required
to make tlwso young beasts ntove forward
when required to,- and iit a Very s.iort
tiiiio they will learn ta stop a! the word
of Command. .hen tiio steers arc lirsl
ptit forward as h aJers, ft ro;?e shonld lie
attached to the horn of the nigh one, so
that the p.iir shall f?<?t get a lfc*b:t of n?nnig
of)'from the driver?after a few trial*
i f the x.'rt rs /? tiv? never been rr/ry/W,- tV\
will never atle?3j*t to sheer olVand avrriil
file driver?'Mh-v will soforl lent.* t-? come
to him at tfie hock of his ibhving stick.
C 28 DRAW Gt'^STTR.
WEDNESDAY ri:ii. 21. 1*11.
Jfu. Wiiium vn's ikwrmxi;?Wo, a
da v or two ago, vi. ited the poi trail* taken
by 3/r. Wight mut since he hay b ean in
town. hiH feel no hesitation in saving ih.it
wo h ive never seen so m.xnv together,
which struck <nns being so correct, There
w ?s"at least a dozen persons in the room
an 1 the expression of admiration and surprise
at the rem irkable resemblance of the
portraits to f Ik; originals was general. Ti.e
entire execution of the work seemed to us
beautiful and well done.
Wo might snv that M:. Wic.ui my ij
a (/.iroluican ami a pupil of In via.\; bui
bi-s work i-: a high r rccoinm n laiion.
In Congress little is doit g, and liltl"
win he done before adjournment, except
to pass the appropriation bills. T..e
Treasury note hill passed tho S ?nab?
without amendment, as if left th" flouse.
-Vr. Clay' s resolution to repeal *he sub
treasury law wa;: ta!;<n up 01 the ID'h lair
in the evening, when .V", Clav took the
Door. Hut there being a try for a tjoun}.
incnt he move 1 to adjou.-",and the ir?r?
tioji prevailed. lie wa?, of course, rati,
tied t?? tire floor the next day, but ju?-inked
to speak only a tow minutes.
latere is a resolution before? tire 5> :na1c
' of Jifaine, to appropriate 81,00'),000 fo?
too defence of the >Jfate, and to call on
the General Government to e.xp.l the
Drill#!) forces from the disputed tcrritory.
It is stated on good authority ibat (rr.
IJ irrison has fixed ii|x?n the IV! wiig
persons fo constitute his Cabine t.
Mr. V/i;i:src.( of Mas:-. S ck tnry <.|
Stale.
M *. I'otxg of Ohio, St erf fary of the
f|>
J r asiirv.
Mit. Bull of T"?in. S?cretarv of Wir.
M'.{. 15 a of N. C. S -cp-larv of the
Navy.
Mm. Cimttexden of Ky. Attorney
General.
M t. Gk vxgsr of X. Y. r>st .Vntet
G ;n? ral,
.1/*. Leop.? \ (rue bill hn.
Ikhmireturned hv the Grand Jury of Cock,
port county N. V. against .l/ol?"o*l for
funnier. in the Caroline affair, li s trial
is evpccltd to take place in the foarii.
week of March.
.1/r. Editor: Please announce the following
ticket for Council.
For Intnnl'int,?l).\\i!? S. 'Iaki.lkc.
For WunlitiSy?James \V. Bj.akexcy,
A. Hoptox,
F. TfRXKF,
XV. A. MCCkkioiit.
A Voter.
A PIOl .NTMKVi'S.
Of the preachers belonging to the South
Carolina Conference of the M. K. C. at
the late session in CatuJcit 0:1 t!ie 10th
t. st.
I'll VKLS3TOX DISTRICT.
O II IAI I _
jjr^orv m i". LI KT.
Charleston Bond English, I Lr.vcl!, J
.San^, w .11 Wightman, Editor of the
lapcr.
Charleston Mitiion. T Hutchinson.
Muck Steam}). II J Boyd. M Eadv,
\Ya'< thorough. T. Iluggins; one lo be
supplied.
llarmreJ'. R J Lirnchousc.
Orangebtirgk. A McCorquadale, A M
Cheeshurgh.
i'y press. II II Durant.
Coottcr Rlcjr, A J Walker, T P TayJor.
Missions.
Hrayf^rt, T E Deadbottcr, W Pogues.
l'o< o'a!i^v, A J Clreen.
JJombahtu'. au'l As Jjrjtoo. T II Cob urn,
AV li Clemming, Ronpon C Wilson.
Sautre, Id E Ogbnrn.
iVor/fc Snji'ec, I R Cook,
Cooper Hirer, \ Nettles,
\Y Capers, .Missionary SecqtUyy,
C'OK K'lJt*zv, JMS^KIC I..
Tailv P Elder.
Coke;jury, I II Wheeler, A M S',1^.
J/iliirJiehl. f? W Kennedy J Tm;rau..,
Aiken, XV Collier.
Jlcieburry, C W Moore, T L Da nick
Java-ens. Samuel Dun wood v.
I'ninn, P (I Bowman. J. R Piekeff.
mills Slat font, W P Morgan.
IgjfSf-- 1. ' ' ' T?-- .J. - }
fJrrrnvil'c Circuity J> L M. ?
' Smith.
I>o.n t!ctony William a>n S nith.
Saluitl, -I M ?i;umerm:tn.
t'oi,nrii i Hf.-frtn-r, }
H Spain 1* l']i;h:r.
Cj'um'ne, Wail for.! S.niih.
(VwV>/'*< (Urn/it, W <J Patterson. j
Win<'j trough, i> (.? MclJaniel, C W !
: J Jar.* ics.
j (.'<HttJcji \V ( Kii'klamf.
#Vtinter, J \? .Welborn, \V S.llolton, ,
I J) (rJin?ion S./t'itt, foho su|T})ifO(k
ihrlingfo.i Circuity L K 1/!
j Kin?J.
j Jta.icUs'c't'y W 'f Harrison.
Missoxs.
Brna l flircr, J Holmes,
j IPii rm?. \V J Jackson, J Nipper#
iVc M r, \V M Kurr.
\\r; t.ni ><m?* I Jfrftficr.
j H A C Walker P MMcr.
Wih.iiitViloii, W A Gammy?!!.
firunstcirk, I) W Seal, (' II PritchaiV. j
rtw. a I M Bra !lev, I A Porter.
! Fayc'teWc. (' S Waiter,
j 1 *ec Dec W S Metfwain.
i li'nck River, L Scarborough, I? Cox.
O'orgdo/rn, S Leard.
Wuccam'tv, S Jo its. D J Sio?n7ons.
I''tu !; Rii'i r an I Per Jhe Mission, 31
' Robbin.;.
U re t>n rr J A 31 rri'.k, J Bilia.
?SVimy'ti [f A M 33 illiiiMH.
Cape [ray, J II Chandler.
Cjikrynv Disrnxr.
! l) Derrick P Lldcr.
('herHT, A 31 Former.
G R AVIV,
W a.'h'tw J NVjif fn.
3y,ti>EcnoK'>!;oii J L Vatfer S 33' Dl;^
Centre, 3 IJ Fancy. J Richardson.
3f o.\n:o>iERV, C Saiith, A Bird.
F>kcp River, 3V C Clark; L Little.
Ro<;x!.n(;iia:i. A flovle.
R'jcit Fish. J. P KT!O:I.
LlNurET'JN l)l5Tit XT.
33* Cook P. Hlde'r.
Cif arwt.tb S r *t:o\, C M-ircbr. on.
Ckarixittk Circuit, B Hamilton.
I,i J B A ntiionv.
Lk.nojk C MrClomL
31orto vxro.X; .31 A Mclbben, A 3fe'- I
M.tckin.
K'.w;;s 3f jsrxr v?r. A Hucka'ca.
Kptjil'RFUKV A 15 Mcllvary, C Cro- |
-.veil S ijvnmev rv.
o?AitrAN]o. ii?;:i S 3Y Cipcrr.
? |
\'?)T?a, S Toivasend.
Rsvd. C' llotwi, J C I'o.-tr II. a v.I I 3Y j
(* AlcCall, located?S Afu>stroii? \vi trans- j
; S rrcd to Alabama ConfceiTciux and :ew|
' 3\i! *v?ro rai n u.t1 J.
. CONGEKSS. . . . ;
C ,i vrpo'jj c ire cf tlii.Journal of fi afnv irr. j
\YKri't-iv,' Feb. n:iT. I
'1 reamrf/ .Yo'e Hit'.
The house pasvd a resolution tl?i> tnnrn- j
n:; I hat the Treasury note bill be reported
to the bouse at seven ?> dock, ibis evening.
. Tiie r? solution wits ,o ivordeunsi" permit
Mr. Wise's arnemhuml i<? be passed cn
i bv the Committee.
I; ;s tho;I'd)t M*. Who's nmonmnei*.' 1
f
! *viii be a 'opted by the assent of thn adminj
:s(ration members, and .Mr. Y/i.-e insists j
tint it v.-111 give the administration ample j
means?viz. five.millions tVoni and after
; lie l:h of March, over and above all out- ,
1. tandin/issues at tl at time. Seine lew
few persist in the ns-ertiju that this Will
I defeat the extra session tluMidi it has!
i
r l,v. t|1(. nin ,o;-iI V
nc?:i iorm<ni\ . t .
!of the whig members a .id tdlicially ani
iiDiiuccd to the public.
7 At Tori/.
lii the debate u:? (he Treasury note bill,
i to-day, Mr. Johnson,of Maryland, made
| f-onie remarks which ?.ive ruo to n ennj
vernation ofscuu interest on thy Tin i!f
question
Mr. Johnron deprecated the disposition,
which ho ssiid was manifested, on the part
et his Southern friends, to excite alarm anmng
tlieir constituents on tne subject of
i the Tanlf. He alluded to the speeches of
i Mr. Wise, Mr. liluck, and Mr. Alford.
There \%as no foundation for these jealou.
nesaiid alarms, for the Northern members
j had avowed their intention to adhere to
the Compromise. There seemed to he an
: anxious desire on- the part of Southern j
; j lie til hers, to fan the flames of sectional
discord, and to rake up the old expiring
! embers of party strife; for the cry of
- .. iv 4 ? (v I,, r<> in the verv
j Wiu,iaiii., "<?o
fucc of the disclaimers positively made hv
! Mr. Cashing nnd others of any wish tare-1
vivo the protective tariff.
! Mr. A!ford, of (Ja. hej/jred leave to ex1
plain. These disclaimers laid not been
| made here until after the Southern men
? had protested against a protective tariff,
i In his own remarks, he had commented
i ??n the declaration of Mr. Barnard, of Now
York, that the North was entitled tosom*j
protect ton.
Mr. Johnson thought, he said, that Mr.
j t 'ashing had given his views before Alj
ford spoke.
Mr. Cashing stated that this was said,
' bo', while up, he would heg leave to ex.
ihiin wh.it he meant in usimr the term
' I"*** ? ?
. compromise. lie had not alluded to any
; specific act or compact on the subject of
the Tariff nor had he stated what ought
, to he the construction of the compromise
, act. What he said was that the peopta of
; Mass., he believed, were in favor of the
i principle and policy of compromise, and
averse to an extravagant protective tariff.
S >1110 of the southern gentlemen laugh,
ed at this explanation, and appeared to
. consider it asjustifying Mr. AI ford's views.
Mr. Johnson, then asked Mr. Cashing
whether he intended this explanation as a
qualification of what lie had before stated.
{.Correspondence of the Charkstown Courier.
W VSII1XOTON, I'S'I. 10.
The PreJjtfent elect is at the. National
hflotel, having been invited, on ti?" o;
fix? city, to take lus rooms tlW?\ fl?
dined, yesterday, with" qf tfortfitfilteeof citiy.ens,
at (I a osry's i;i^ appeared very cheerfui
a.nl h? ? iy. ?
He will go to Charles city county on
Friday, and remain (h ire tor some days.
At o'clock, tin; day, he waitc 1 on the
President <>i ihe United States, accompanied
hv his suite. I learn that .Mr. Van
l>rK'rt\ rcva ived him with the greatest
kindness mid courtesy.
This was the dav fixed for cmintfrig and
cn
declaring the votes for President and Vice
President of the United Slates.
Accordingly, a? t'S o'clock, the Senate,
preceded by titcir ollicers, attended in the
litwiseg the Vice President arrd the speaker
presided, and 1l*r tellers viz: Messrs. Pkks fon
of the Senate, and Cuainxo and
Joxus of the House, proceeded to open,
read, and record the certificates of the votes
of the several Slates, beginning with
Maine.
The galleries were thronged with a very
brilliant assemblage of ladies.
The President of the Senate announced
the vote, and declared mat William
If.rxuv Harrison, of Ohio, was duly electcd
President of the United States for four
venrs, to commence on the dfli day of
March next, mid that John Tvlsk, of Virgtn
a, was elected Vice President.
Previous to \1 o'clock, there was sonre
bickering among I lie members ia regard
o the negro sf *aliiig debate, ot the last
l\v i davs, Messrs. Oidtlings, Alford,
Thompson of S. C., and Mark A. Cooper
iking part in it. The matter will be ta
a
:e:i up again to morrow. Several ;\orinrn
men ar?? anxious to ruply to Messrs.
>!;t? k an*I Cooper.
I u iderstaiid tha* General H \aaisox is
rt c in expressing his view* and opinions
n public nti'.iirs, choice of cabinet ollicers,
Ve.
I? is not believed hero that he has fixed
ii more than two members of his cabinet,
i/.: Messrs. Webster and Crittenden.?
The rest are in doubt still, though it iasnp>oscd
that Mr. Kxving will probably be ruled
either to the Treasury or the Post Of.
ice.
Wunrn (o haVo a gloomy spring in the
:onimereial woild. Even the Bostoi fans
?egin In despond, their prospect* for a
p>od spring business being darkened by
into event.;.
Ii seems probable that the spce.lv rail
of Cong;-, s ; wilt he urged by all who are
in favor of establishing a National Bank.
The removal of the Bank of the United
.Stales of Pennsylvania, and other like rubbidh.
will no doubt f.i. ili'afc the establish,
inci/t of a in w National Bank.
Mr. Cl\y insists on on extra session,
and .i v. iil umloubl-dly be rcwortc !o.
Feb. 1U.
ALKYAoPJiS :.Il L"rOI> A?.TD THE SlJv.WIT.O VT
| r\R0Ll?iE.
j ^vfr. Vickcn.-, from the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, asked leave 10 make a
1 report from that committee in relation t?
. the correspondence in tneen the GovernI
menhs of the United Slates and Great
i Britain in relation to the, destruction ol
the steamboat Caroline during the trouh.
C !r;ir\ln>ia in i|,r? u inter
K'S Oil l.'!*5 v/.i.wm.
of 1637-"*; us aisj in relation to the arrest
and ii?r)ris?)f!f!i ml ot .ik-smiler McI."o-.l,
a British syhjen*, for lief eg c<>.teemed in
the destruction of the boat.
Xo objection being made?
Mr. Pi-It-.'::.* sent .a the report, as follow*.:
! Toe conimit'ee on Foreign A flair*, tn
whom was refcrr i the Message of the
O
President, transmitting a correspondence
i with the B:iiisl M nXt< ri.a relation to the
i burning of the steamboat Caroline, anrl
the demand mn 1;: for the liberation of Mr.
1 Alexander 3KI<C0'S respectfully report:
I It appears thn* !:? rfiumbont "Caroline"
was seized and destroyed in the
' month of December, 1607. TiiC committee
are induced to believe that the
facts of the case are as follows: The boat
was owned by, and in possession of, a
; citizen of New York. She was cleared
from the citvof Buffalo, and, on the morn.
ling of the 29th of 1) comber, 18137, she
j left the |>?>rt of Bulfilo, Ixmnd for Schlosi
ser, upon the American side of the Niagara
river, and within the territory of the
i l-nited Slates. The original intention
I ?
seemed to he to run the bout between Bnf!
falo and Schlosser, or perhaps from Black
j Rock dam to Schlosser, and, should it
j seem protilablo, it was intended to run
i her also to Navy Island, ami touch at
i Grand Island and Tonawandu. Herown|
er was .Mr. Wells, said to be a respectable
I citizen of Buffalo, and it is obvious his
intention in putting up the boat was
i one of speculation and profit entirely.?
i The excitement upon that portion of the
| frontier, at litis period, had collected a
; great many in the neighborhood, some
I from curiosity, some from idleness, and
! jthers from taking an interest in the tin.
; usual and extraordinary collection of adI
venturous men gathered together at that
I time on Nuvv Island. Navv Island was
i "nominally in the British "territory."
' "v ?
I i 11U OWiKJl Ul Uiv; V/.iiUil.Jw luuil uu> Uli:
tngc of circumstances to make sonic moi
O
j ncy with his boat, by running her as a
j terry boat over to Navy Island. All these
appear from testimony regularly taken,
i (sec II. II. Doc. No. 3)2, pages 40 and
j 00, 2 1 Session, 25th Congress,) and the
committee know of no legal evidence to
contradict them. There is no proof that
any arms or munitions of war were carried
in the boat, exeep', perhaps, one small
six-pounder field piece belonging to a
j passenger. The principal object was to
j run the boat as a ferry boat from Schlos.
! scr, on the American side, to Navy Is.
j iand, on the Hrisish side. 'It is believed
j that, ctrii in war, a neutral Pnuvf hu*tht
r'~hl ! > trade ::: 1 r.ftieD*,
l **
j v. J
at Chut tirnn to extend ton portion of their
'onn territory, and which recommends
ps If to ns, full as much from its assumption
its from its love of right or law.
The British Minister is pleasealso,
to cull the C.iro'inc a "piratical oleum,
boat.*' The loos; epithets of any one, no
! matter how high in place, cannot make
| that piracy which the law of nations
do?3 not recognise as such. Pirates arc
freebooters, enemies of the human race;
and eminent jurists doscrihe them as rav\
aging cverv sea and coas% with no flag
| a n> ? 7 z*
; and no home. Piracy conies under the
j concurrent jurisdiction of all nations.?
' i Even in the worst point of view that it
' j can he considered, those connected with
! the steamboat Caroline were aiders and
.1 alicttors of others engaged in rebellion.?
j R R
j And t!ie committee are totally at a loss to
know upon what authority rebellion is recognised
us piracy. Such confounding of
terms is resting the case upon opiihel>, in1
: stead of sound law or facts. But even sup1
j poking it to be a ' piratical boat," as the
1 J/iilister asserts it to be,yet the moment
j ii touched our soil it fall under our snvorj
cihriJty, and no power en earth t:o xlrl right I
fm.-y invade it.
,j TI>Ci? '<3 no doctrine more curisrcra'ed
' ? 1..1. i.- 111!i it tliiil p vr>ri' !>11111;i u
tii r<mo ? " j
being who f ?uchei>'the soil of Gn at I'm it.
. ain id immediately covered by British
j law*. Suppose one of her vessels won;
cut from the banks of the Thames and
burnt by Frenchmen, and British citizen;
were; assassinated at night, and the French
, Minister were to avow thut thev ucled
; under the orders of his Government, arid
I that the vessel was "piratical." and the
j citizens murdered were outlaws?then
there is not an Englishman whose heart
would not beat high to avenge the wrong,
and vindicate the rights of his country.?
Tho law there is the law here. And there
is no international law consistent with
! the separate independence oi i?.atior?s, that
| sanctions the pursuit of even pinJns to
; to murder and arson ovee tho soil and
jurisdiction of one of the Statos of this
Confederacy. No greater wrong can he
| done to a country than invasion of soil.?'
If it can he done with impunity at one
' point, and on one occasion, it can be done
; at another, and the nation that submits
I
i to it finally sinks down into drivelling imbecility.
If a representation of the
state of things at Sclosser, and the con!
duet of those who had control of the
Caroline, had first been inside to the pro1
per authorities of New York, or of the
i I C!t??I lion IlioiirAitld (in vo Knon
I u llllwli UUUV.l. IIIV1I tllblU HWUIU IIU> v vwv?
j some show at least of respect for our sov!
ereigntv and independence, and a dispo.
sition to treat us as an equal. But in this
case, as if to treat our authorities with
contempt, there was no preliminary do.
mand or representation made.
It was hoped that the outrage was
perpetrated by a party in sudden heat and
excitement, upon their own responsibility.
Hut the British 3/lnister now avows Ibat
4 the act was the public act of persons
obeying the constitnted authorities of Iter
Majesty's Province," and again affirms
that "it was a public act of persons in her
I Majesty's service, obeying the orders of
their superior authorities."
If this had been the first and only point
of collision with Great Britain, it might
not have excited such interest; but there
' is an assumption in most of our intercourse
' with that great Power, revolting to the
pride and spirit of independence in a free
1 people. If it be her desire to preserve
peace her true policy would be to do jus.
. tice, and show that courtesy to equals
| which she has always demanded from
J ' 71*1 _ ? . .W. ! w d.% .,/.f .1. JLM I'O til
. ouier*. 1 in*- i'ouiiiiim-i" ?i?? nut.
press visivs on tfiis part of the subject, par
j jecf, of course, to seizure and- confiscation j
| if taken jvithin the jurisdiction- of cither j
of the contending parties.* What is con- j
t riband of war is not alwnvs certain.?
* t
; Treaty stipulations frequently include :
| some articles, and exclude others recognised
irr lac law of nations. Trading in 1
contraband articles is no excuse for inva- j
idiog the territory and soil of a neutral ;
and independent Power, whose private
citizens may choose to run the hazards of
such a trade. In this instance there were j
no two foreign Power* engaged in war;
but all concerned in the outbreak or ex- i
icitcraent within the British jurisdiction
claimed to be British subjects, in resist,
j anceof the authorities of Canada, a pro- j
i vince of the British empire. Even ad- i
mitting, then, that the Caroline was en.
i 'gaged ill contraband trade, yet it was
with citizens who claimed to he subjects
: of the name empire with those who were
styled fbc legitimate officers of llie Pro.
vince. Abstractly speaking, how was a
private citizen to decide who wore right
and w ho wrong in these local disputes?
And which portion of citizens of the same
province must our citizens refuse to have
I anv communication with? But the fx>at
/ %
j was merely used for oive day as a terry
; boat, and on the night of the day she commenced
running she was seized, while
moored at the wharfSchlosscr,and burnt.
| Several men were assassinated; certainly
i one who fell dead upon the dock. Now,
I the insinuation of the British Minister
j thatSchlosscr was "nominally" within the
I territory of the United Stales miv well
he retorted, ns we can with equal truth
say that Navy Island was'' nominally"!
within the "territory"of the British Gov
eminent; at the period to wh:e!i we allude,
; the people collected there had as cfi'cc- (
-| tually defied Canada authorities as any
f portion of our people had d sregirded'our.-.
I Viw Rritkh authority thought proper to
I -~v - ^ -
pass by Navy island, then in its "nominal"
territory, and, in the plenitude of its
power, to cast the a?gis of British jurisj
diction over American .'oi1. This was
I truly extending over its that kind gnnri
?i t?^Kiit vt'!,Ir'li thnv hail not the ah. itv
j1 ficiilavh* as ? demand has been mode' hy tl
otir Uovornnient upon the (lovernment of gi
I Great Britain lor explanation as to the
outrage committed the answer to which, it tl
is hoji-jd, witf prove"siUisiiictorv. a
. As to the otifcp pMirts presented in the w
demand made hy tiie British 3/mister for
the 'liberation" of A foamier AftLcotf,
the committee believe the facts of tirt? case
to he, that the steamboat was seized' a'rwl- \'sl
burnt as stated before, and that a citizen
or citizens of New York were mntderod
! in theal'ray. And there were reasons to u
induce the belief tliat J/cI*eod was parti- <]
; ceps criininis. He was at first arrested, tl
j and upon variru* testimony being taken, l>
I was then discharged. He was afterwards a
I , v j f i C
i arrested a second tunc. Lpon the evi- ^
i dencc then presented, he was imprisoned
! to await his trial. There was no invasion xv
i of British territory to seize or take him.? e
I But, upon liis being voluntarily within
our territory, he was arrested as any citi- ^
/.on of of the United States, charged with
' t-. i i iw.?? IV.. u
a sini.iar tmeiico, iingm muc. ?. %,
know of no law of nations that would ex- ?
empt a man from arrest and imprisonment 'l
! for ollhnres charged to l>e committed e
i against the "peace and dignity'* of a 1 *
' State, bacauso he hu subject af Great 1 t!
Shiiuiu, or bccnirse be committed the ii
crime at the instigation or under tint an- o
! i ..... . I
i Ihorily of British Piovincial ollicers; much ! 0
less do we know of any law that w ould } r,
justify the President to deliver him up S(
without trial, at the demand, and upon the
j assertion us to facts, of any agent of the i ()
1 British Goveremcnt.
| a
If we had been at open war with Great t
! Britain, and J/eLcod hud committed the j
' ojf'-mi.s charged, then be might have t
! fallen under the rules and regulations of
| _ O
var, and been treated as a |>risoner of the : ^
| LTnit?d Statis Government, and would t
' have been .subject to the laws <-T nations in
j war. Put as the all-g u! criminal acts, in (|
I which .lfch od is charged to he implicated, I t
j were committed in profound peace, it is a j (
! crime, as far as he may he concerned, 1 s
| solelv against the* peace and dignity" ol j
| the Slate of New York arid her criminal j ^
, jurisdiction is complete and exclusive. It J r
i the crimes committed he such aV to make j
a limn hoil'i hmnnni gram?an outlaw?
j a pirate, in the legal acceptation of the j
I term, then under the law of nations, the ; ,
I Gnited .S ates courts and tribunals would J |
j have jurisdiction. I>'*t the oft'ence char- j
gad in tbiscne,committed as it was in j j
j time of peac, as far as this individual , ,
j was concerned, was one purely against th^ . ,
i.nini:i'r nvclil'S'lodv WltillO the \
j f r ?#/ I VI f) illiu w.?v . f
i criminal juris lietion of the tribunals of!.
| N :w York. ' <
' The in his letter of the 10th 1:
! D.ceniber, IP 10, say.?: j '
: il It is quite notorious that J/r. JfeLeoJ j'
?a-> not one of the parly engaged i:i tlie I
destruction of ilit- Steamboat Caroline: and (
' that the pretended charge mm which Ik- '
| has been im;>! is?>D''.l rests only ii|>o ? the ,
i per jured testimony of certain Canadians,
j outlaws, and their abettors." <kc. This j
j u?.iy, perchance, alt ho so; hut it won! I :
I lie ashinga great deal to require an Amor- '
; ic?i:i eo il l to yicM jurisdiction, and sur- ! j
render up a prisoner charged with otK-nccs
against tin* law, upon the mere ipse <lixil
. of an\ man. no matter how high in an- ! ,
I * CI
, tho. ily. Whether .l/cLeod he' guilty or
i not guilty, is the very point uj/on which
an American jury alone have aright to
: decide. Jurisrfirliun in Si/ilc tribunal-*
over criminal ru.ye.s-, awl trial Inj a jury j
, of lib' rvnwy are essential points in Amor- I
| ican jurisprudence. And it is a total i
, misapprehension as to the nature of our J
i system to suppose that there is any right i
in the Federal Ivvecntivc to arrest the vordiet
of the one, or thwart the jurisdiction j
<?: the other. If such a pr.wer existed, 1
j and exercised, it would cffctuallv j
j overthrow, and upon a vital point, the scp- j
I urate sovereignly and independence of!
| these States. The J'V'lcrul Executive
might bo clothed with po'Ver to deliver up
i fugitives from justice fur ofltv"*# commit- j
led against it lurf i.rn S ate, hutb.'^j <hcu j
, il might not be obligatory to do so ui'tos i
it were made matter of treaty stipulation. '
; This duty an.I right in an Kxocuiivo has j j
generally been considered as dormant, I
| unit! made binding by treaty arrange. I
| lnCiit. /'lit when the matter is reversed, i
ami demur.d in made, not of fugitives from ;,
justice for ottered committed against ai
, foreign Power, but for the liberation ot a|
; man charged with offruces against the
; peace and dignity of one of O'tr own (
States, then it is thai the demand becomes i
! preposterous in the extreme. The i'actj
that Cm clFencos wcro committed under J'
1 - - i ; !
the sanction ot provincial uumumiv.-,
, docs not alter the ease, unless wo were in J
j a state of war. In such casus as tho pre- :'
' sent the power to deliver up could not he i{
conferred upon the Federal Executive by
treaty stipulation. It could only he cot:-,
t'errcd in those cases over which jnrisdic-!
i tinn is clearly delegated by the Federal j
! Constitution ; such, for instance, as treat*. ',
j on which is an oflciico against the con- J
joined sovereignty of the States, as defined i
i in the Consti'ufion. Over all cases ex- j
ccpt those defined in the Constitution, and j <
I those coining clearly under the laws of
| nations, the Slates have exclusive jurs-1
, diction and tho trial and punishment for |
olfenccs against them arc incident to their!
I separate sovereignty. It is not pretend
; crl in this case that there is unv treaty
stipulation under which the demand is
made ; and the Federal Executive, under
our system, has no power hut what is cor. j
J fcrrod hy the Constitution, or hy sj)ecial j
I law of Congress. In the former, it is do-1
clared that " the Executive power is ves;
ted in a President of the United States,"
j and that power is then to he pointed out j
j and defined by special laws passed from ;
time to time j iiiipo^i ti?j such duties as are'
iought propbr and cxpcdieht1 by Confess.
Your commit too deem it dangerctft'lor d
ic Executive to exorcise any power over
subject-mutter not conferred by treaty * I
* by law y and to exercise it in any cane
1 conflict \\?i<?b'Skate jurisdiction, would ^
2 worse than* dangerous 5- it wotrfd be it- 1
irpation.%.\i
your committee ftrlicar N> pres^
lose pr*M? further at present,* and they
ould not have sflkias rwicb on such clear
ues(ions ef inlematfioiHfrl low/hut that iiw
us case the demand for liberation hat*
een made hy the accredited agewt of tfi
rent Power, and under' ciromnstanessrdtf
ecu)iar aggravation and excitement,We
have other points of difference
ith Great Britain, which add interest to*
very question that arises between w at?
resent. Neither our 'Northeastern or
iorlhwestcrn houndares are yet settled
ith her, and the subject is not
ntirelv free from difficulty. She
as recently seized onr vessels and
xercised a power involving the rigid of
?a>rhf under the pretext of suppressing
ic fore gnslave {nidc,(wUich, f >ersevpred
1, will sweep our coiuniet'Cfc from the coast
f Africa, and which is incompatible with
ur rights asa nuritinie power. She has
L'ccntlv, in lier intercourse with us, reFuL?d
indemnity and denied our rights tv
ropcrtv, 011 a .subject-matter vital to near
ue half the Slates of tlirs Confederacy,
nd which, considering her military posiion
at Bermuda and her growing, power
n the West Indies, is of the last iinpor.
ance to our national indcjiendcncc.
All tlicsesn'ijects Hiakc every question
ictween m*#at this peculiar juncture, of
lie deepest interest. _ ,
Besides this, we are both permanently ?
lestined to liuvc, perhaps, tire most exclusive
commerce of modern nations.
) ir flags float side by side, over every
en,and bay, and miet oftlte known globe.
Site moves steadily upon her objects
v i t i> an ambit ion that knows no bounds;
intl wherever site has had a conflict of incrcst
she Iras rarely yielded toanv Tower.
At this moment she present* tot be civlized
world the .spectacle of the greatest
nililary and commercial powsr in corq>ination
ever known.
From her vast possession in every qttarr.r
of the globe, and her peculiar comnieroal
svstom she has !>een made the reservoir
of h w dth of natio: s.
II -r internal rewurees,skil',labor,and
nacliiuerv, wit' her capita', arc beyond
; denial ion. Her nature I po i io.i being
jhout n.i !way the coast of Europe, given
li ?r great control over the outlc'sand currents
of commerce.
II -r militnrv oc-cupation of Gibraltar,
M ilfa, the Ionian Islands, and recently erf
?. Joan (i'Aere, gives hef nwenfaff 'V Oft
lite Modi terniyea'i and the Levant, while
St. Helena and the ('ape of Goo I Hops.
tiv(( her possession over the curreals ot
trade n!<>ug those extensive coasts. I hen
Bombay. Calcutta, imd her immense posMissions
in the Ka^t Indies together with
lier recent movements' hi the China 90as
;ind Islands, enable her to extend herpowor
over thorn? vast regions that have slumbored
for ages in solitary and enervated
magnificence. Mho possesses Falkland
Island but to control the commerce that .
. _ m? ? a
passes around Cape Horn, while "mninaa
gives her ail alio desires in the Caribbean
* _
son. //r'ij'ix at onr and Brruuuht
at mn hrr, stand out in great forev over ^
our own coast from one extremity to. the
other.
Ifnr positions all orer the world arc at
this moment, in n military point of viewf
equal to a million of men uwfar arms.
Her continual conflicts in tiic mighty regions
of the Bast only enable her officers
to br come skillhi ami to iinjjrove in the
art of war, while her great armies and extensive
fleets draw their support from the
immense countries seized and occupied.?
In the present juncture of atluirs, no statesman
can overlook these things. Si cam
newer has recently brought us so near to?
^efher l.hat, in the event ot any future
^ ' ? ' ?' r?4ism!& it/a 11 KA nrti.
colll*. ^ '^v/f i? hi w |/i veipitateb
ii)) v< us with uiuch mere rapUi*
ty than fomer.'v.
Avarice and ambition ar>? the ruling pas.
sions of modem limes, and it is in vain to
shut our cyesto the state of things around
us. It remains to bo seen what effect
steam power is to have upon changing and
modifying the whole art of defence and
war. It may ho a great engine for again
levelling mankind* and reducing every
fhi:?pf to a contest of mere physical force.
In ii?ai event it might be difficult to con.
jecture witf* system of national defence
will stand ilic W of time and oxperi.
once.. *Tn,
We have a deep in ponoo, and
fondly hope the repose oJ ?-be world will
not bo disturbed. We have.certainly not
the least desire for any rupture, firm,
ness, and a wise prcpartinn, will long Reserve
us from such a catastrophe, finl
while no temptation should ever prompt
us to do injustice on the one hand, to no
consideration, on the other hand, should
ever induce us to submit to permanent
wrong from any Power on earth, no matter
what the con sequences mav be. *
Vrtiir rnmmittoo would conclude by OX
pressing a firm belief that all our points
of difficulty may ho honorably ana Rftyj,
cably adjusted, and that harmony t^y
long be preserved by both Government^
pursuing a liboral and generous poliey,
congenial to the interests and feelings of
both People, and compatible with the spirit
and gonius of an enlightened ago,
Mr. Pickens moved that the report he
laid 011 the table, and printed.
Mr. Everett suggested the propriety of
collecting and printing together, in one
jia 'plilct, a!! the documents upon the
subject.