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70, small and irritable. I gave nitrat. r potass. 2 drm's, caroph. 1 dram, ammo, t une S. carb. 1 dram, and honey sufficient t H for u bolus. t At eight p. m. my patient was in a i most painfully distressing state. Her i fore legs were made fixed points, and the i serratus mignus was called into action 1 | to assist in respiration. The breathing i had become stertorous, shoirt, and quick; the pulse 85, and of that peculiar irritable kind in which I never abstract blood. I repeated the medicine as before ordered, J giving gruel. We watched her till ten j p. 31., during which time she expressed | so much pain as would have confounded j those who think beasts have no feeling. : Mr. wished me to bleed ber. j I hesitated; but as she got evidently worse,1 I felt at a nonplus, having cause to know tr.c ill-effects of phlebotomy, incautiously 1 had recourse to. I therefore expressed a ! wish t<? leave her a short time, thinking a * ? change would be more readily perceived after absence. In a conversation that followed, men- ! tion was made of the morning drench.? : A bright flash of hope darted across my inind, anJ I thought the mystery of her ! affection entirely dissipated. I imparted j '?Kin-, r?, n tbp nharma- ! IH^ dlKjiltiuua iv/ uiui) iiik ? .... r cy, and having obtained a lump of cru 1e .opium, made an impalpable mixture by rubbing I dram of ti e opium in 4 oz. boiling water, and adding to it half a pint j of cold gruel: this I carefully strained, j end administered to my still intensely suffering patient. I could hardly suppress the outburst of | joy when, in a quarter of an hour after- 1 ward.-, I foit satisfied the patient im- j proved. I gave immediately a similar, dose, and at twelve p. m. her breathing1 was comparatively tranquil?her extremi- J ties had a warmth winch betokened retur- J ning circulation, and her pulse had sunk j to 58 I I left two more 1 dram doses j prepared -as the others, ordering one to be ; given in two hours' timo, ami the other at j at six a. m. if the mare did not improve. !, Tne tiurd <io.>?e was given; and about three , a. ax. the mare lay down, and (as they J , : told nn ) slept soundly. j' -* ?-.J saw tier on the next morning about i j nine o'clock, and felt convinced that my /1 prognosishad been correct. I ordered a j (11fibrent diet, gave small doses of anti- I j moniai |?owder, camphor, and digitalis j j 1 made into balls with honey; and in two I ( days she was so far recovered as to require t no more attention hian Mr. , H rcould himself supply. ( About the middle of May, a fortnight ( after the latter case, a chesnut carthorse,; [ 5 years old, belongi ng to Mr. , of j j Ncedham, was brought to our infirmary, j t Ho had been one long journey at plough,'s and, being allowed to stand in a pond of!, water to drink while he was warm, was j .. immediately seized with shivering and considerable uneasiness; this was about I, four p. in. He was baited with the other , horses, hut refused his food, and manifes-1 ted increasing uneasiness, in cousequence j j of which, he was sent to Harlcston (two ' , . mile?-), as I have before stated. j, Having received this information, and , , examined him, as well as his warmth from ( j walkiag would permit, he was bled eight , pints, and six 5 oz. aloes Barb, were given ] to bini in ball. ; . . Two a. m. A man awoke mc with rei- j terated hallos and appeals to the knocker. J lie said the horse was dying, and had ' ( been getting wonc ever since he returned \ home. I immediately attended, and on : ^ examining my patient, found in the case ; j a a aggravated resemblance to Mr. 's j j mare. Toe position of the fore exirem-; | ities was the same, but the pain evinced ! j was very acute. Tiie owner had retired to bed, not be. ! ir.g able to endure the sight and denoun. ! i cirg the propriety of sending for us, as the | horse was, in his opinion, worth nothing. ] Having examined the pulse carefully, I t was more satisfied as to the resemblance i of the two cases, and immediately gave i two drachms of opium mixed as before, I but substituted cold milk in the absence j J of gruel. A powerful opiate enema was i administered, and I retired to the house 1 for a short time to await the result. I5e- j i fore long the carter ran in to say that the j < horse was better and indeed he was. I j | gave two drachms more after an hour < had elapsed, and at hall-past four a. m. t I had the satisfaction of seeing him lie j ] down, with a ptil.se which assured me ! ( that I was right in the view I had taken f of the case. i { At nine a. m. I called and found the i I:cr=e still improving. I then ordered an. i j timoaial powder, camphor, and digitalis j wilii hone y in a hall; and in four or five ( Cays, after cart ful nursing, he was pro- ! nounced convalescent. f *Tnc administration of opium in these 4 cases was not the result of having seen it < so used or recommended, hut from the as- 1 < | tonishing sedative action I had observed ; i to he produced '?v it when given in large : dos? s 10 hors.ssuffering acute pain from J various causes, especially enteritis and I spasmodic cholic. . 1 You may feel surprised at these large ' doses of opium; but in the interitisand in 1 spasmodic cholic I have administered as I much as from 6 drachms to 1 oz. of crude 1 opium in six or eight hours; and in this 1 my brother, Robert Rush, of South Lop- 1 ham, at least equals if not surpasses me. < We have been as successful,I should think, 1 us most practitioners in the treatment of 1 enteritis; nor do we find that constipation I >fthe bowels follows the use of opium, j I vhich some have written and spoken of. j 1 . have pew ami then witnessed an nppa- 1 1 ent suspension of the intestinal action af- ( er enteritis; hut this is far more likely t o he the result of the acute inflammation 1 ban the effect of opium; and in this opin- t on I am supported by the judgment of c ny father, who has practiced forty-five I fears, and who has seen death follow this \ paralysis without having used any opi- t urn. i The Veterinarian. in - - < CHERAW GAZETT11. ( WEDNESDAY", FEBRUARY 3. J ^ - -*' 1 1 ' Portrait Paixtixo.?We stepped, on j < Monday,into the room of Mr. Wiuhtmax, j I potrait painter, now at Col. Chapman's i | in this town, where we saw one portrait * finished and two others nearly finished.? We do not pretend to judge of portrait painting, but the likenesses struck us as being remarkably correct; and, we doubt ( not, they u ill strike any visitor acquaint- < ed with the originals, in the same way. Gen. Harrison was to leave Cincinati on the 28th January and expected to be !' in Washington about the 7th or 8lh. inst. * j i The Baltimore Banks fixed upon the i 1st. instant as the time for resuming specie payments. The Virginia banks, doubt- 1 less, resumed at the same time. The ' North Carolina and Georgia banks will i all, probably, resume forthwith. j ? i n 1 -i: ? ?f a rlintritiirlinn ! tV(3SOIUUUiia til larui ui u ? ??>??.. of lite proceeds of the public lands among t the states liave passed both branches of J toe legislature of Kentucky. In the j Senate the resolution affirming the right ' of tne states to them passed unanimously; ' and the resolution in favor of their dis- < tnbution by a vote of 27 to 4. < An excellent cougii syrup. Take of Squill 2 ounces; Seneka 1 Snakeroot 2 ounces; water one quart.? 1 Uoil over a very gentle lire till the water ? is about half consumed. Strain through * cloth, add a pint of clear honey, and boil j iga u tiil the quantity is reduced to a pint; J, or a little more; then dissolve 32 grains of Tartar Emetic in a small quantity of wa:er, add to the syrrup and shake till it is 1 dioroughly mixed. * This is what is commonly called Coxe's 1 [live Syrup, or simply, Hive Syrup; and s a one of the lie.st remedies in use for t 'oughs which accompany or follow re- ( ;ent colds or croup. Dose for an adult, i teaspoonful four or five times daily. If ; he cough is very troublesome at night, ji >ne or two teaspoonfuls of paregoric may j' >e taken with a dose of the syrup at lied j2 ime. For a child a year old the dose is , < ?ix or eight drops, more or less, as the j stomach will bear. It ought not to he f repeated more than a few days together, ( est the tartar emetic irritate the stomach >r bowels; nor ought it to be administered where the stomach or bowels are very i irritable. 1 The squill and Seneka may be procured ' from the apothecaries. If, after boding i i 6hor*. time, they are taken out of the g water bruised in a mortar and returned, t the virtues will be more effectually cxtractcd. The books do not direct so much boiling as advised aliove, after the loney is added. But unless the water is jxpelled by boiling, the svrup is apt to [ I ferment and turn sour in warin weather. I I When sufficiently boiled, it keeps an in.! t definite time. j t Neither this nor any other remedy for , popular use is to be relied on when there is pain in the chest, or when a deep full * inspiration causes the least uneasiness.? [n such cases <i skillful physician ought ( .o be consulted without delay. The publishers of daily papers in Savannah have agreed together to issue their capers on Sunday morning instead of Monday morning, as has hitherto been lie practice in that and all other cities ( n the union. The object of this change 1 s to allow their printers rest on the sab i >ath. When daily papers are issued on < Monday morning the work of publication , is commonly done on Sunday. A much tatter change than that adopted in Savan- i j mih, would be to do the work on Saturday,! lepositc the papess for the mails in the ! mst office that night, and let those forj jity sulwcribers lie in the printing office > ill Monday morning for distribution.? Merchants,according to thisurrangemcnt, ould avail themselves of the news as effectually for business purposes as if the capers were distributed on Sunday morning. If the publishers themselves have, fiot sufficient regard for the divine au-, horily which ordains the sabbath to be a lay of rest, to restrain them from the deliberate and habitual violation of it, they dill have an interest in maintaining the ;ood order of civil society; and all experi2nee proves that the public observance if the sabbath contributes essentially to this end. m _ ir J HE 1AKIFF. < On the 16th January, the U. S. Sen.; itc, on motion of ilfr. Clay of Ky. adop. i ' ted a resolution calling upon the Secreta- j ' ry of the Treasury to communicate aM jlan of a permanent change in the Tariff,! ( the details and general principles of! < ivhich he said, in his annual report, he ; ( was prepared . to furnish wheneverj :alled upon to do so. The Secretary,"in j reply, takes decided ground in favor ofj" adhering to the compromise of 1833.? ' According to the TarifT act then passed,'{ he duties on all articles are to be reduced 11 to 20 per cent ad valorem in 1842 and al- 1 though it is, on it* face, simply an act of ( Congress, repealable like other acts yet he Secretary reasons at considerable ength to prove that the intention at the into was to make a permanent reduction )f imposts to 20 per cent,unless the income rom such a tariff should fall short of the vants of the government. He estimates he deficiency of revenue likely to occur n 1842, when the provisions of the act of 1833 shall go fully into operation, at ?5,000,000, unless the expenditures of the Government should be reduced; which lie is of opinion may be done. lie proposes to meet this deficiency by imposing duties an articles now admitted free, or at less than 20 percent; and selects for this purpose, chiefly, articles of luxury; such as, iilks, tea, coffee, lines &c. The debate in the U. S. Senate on the land bill continues with unabated interest. Among those who have, within a few lays spoken on the subject, are Messrs. Mangum, Wright and Clay. No debate in Congress since the declaration of independence has elicited more talent, or excited more interest at the seat of Government. The Legislature of Alabama adjourned on the 0th January. Near the close of the session a bill was passed, authorizing i continued suspension of specie payments till the middle of November when the Legislature is to meet again. For the Farmers Gazette. Young Ladies?We profess to feel as much of a reasonable regard for this extensive and interesting class of community as any one living; and it is in conse[pience of the si ncerity of our regard that we propose to whisper a few wholesome truths in their ears. A foolish fashionorln/infinn lino nrAil:ipP(l a (TfCJlt lUIUf CUU^UUUII UUO |/ivuuvwv ? Q lbundance of young ladies; but young 'women?a very superior article in the "emale line?are very scarce, not being ;o easily manufactured. We are not imong the number who think that the nost important duties of womou relate to he art of making apple dumplings, or he more elaborate process of darning itockings; and we equally disagree with hose who prefer flimsy, wishy-washy accomplishments of a modern lady, to. tho nore solid accomplishments of a domestic education. There is nothing incompatible >etwecn the highest degree of refinement md a proper performance of the duties of >ur stations; on the contrary, those only ire the truly refined, whose minds can ully appreciate the dignityof ih>nugh!y lischarging a duty. We have always considered it an unerring sign of the lowest vulgarity, vhen we have heard ladies take particular paiii3 to impress us with an idea of their gnorance of all domestic matters, save owing lace or weaving a net to encase heir empty heads. Ladies by some cui i>us kind of hocus pocus, have got it into their heads, that the best way to catch a lusband is tosbow how profoundly capab le bey arc of doing nothing for his comfort! lightning a piano into fits, or murdering he king's French, may be good bait for ccrain kinds of fish, but they must be of that very small kind generally found in very ihallow water. The surest way to secure l good husband is to cultivate those accomplishments which make a good wife. I. B." Cheraw, Jan. 25 1841. For the Farmers Gazette. Mr. Editor.?Every intelligent friend >four country must have observed with real gratification, the efforts, which, withn a few years, have been made to ele rate and improve the "American System" if Agriculture. The calm and indepenlent habits which usually charictcrizo those who engage with an enightcned devotion in the pursuitsof hu>banIry,constitute one of thesrongest conservative influences in our country, invest vith groat importance all attempts to operate upon t hat class of our citizens. And then too there are the almost incalculable resources of national power and >rosperity, furnished in the great extent ind fertility of one territory, which can >n!y be completely and profitably dcvel>ped by the practical application of the ?rinciples of agricultural science. Considerations like these, (and there arc many r* < \ x .1 i n >i inem; musi awattcn me gratuuuc 01 3vcry one to thoso worthy citizens, who have directed their time and talents to this subject?and who have, in different jections of the country, laid hold of the press aud turned its immense energies to the accomplishment of so legitimate an abject. Of these the conductors of the ' American Farmer" are the earliest ind among the most constant and suejcssful. The editor is a gentleman of *reat intelligence and cherful good humor ?and both he and the publisher have exhibited a uniform and almost enthusiastic ievotion to the agricultural interests of the country. Although published at Bal. timore, the Farmer is only mainly, not ; xclusively the guardian and advocate of Jf the interests peculiar to the middle section of the States. It calculates to considerable extent in the West and Southwest. Although on the confines of the tree states, it is the friend of southern institutions. The very low price at which it is furnished (only $2,50 per annum) puts it within the reach of every one who has the disposition to read it. Its eight neatly printed pages come to its subscribers each week with commendable regularity, not to create or foster a feverish and painful anxiety by speculations on the slate of Exchange and the money market, nor to provoke the temper with the ill natured calumnies of political partizanship, but fraught with the useful results of enlightened experiment on every imaginable interest of the farmer?modes of cultivation, selection of seed, breed, and treatment of stock, agricultural implements &c. In a country like ours, the diffusion of correct political information and instruction is very important and yet I am sure that both the happiness and the real interest of many persons would be promoted by substituting the "Farmer" ' for some one of their political papers, if they cannot afford to add it to them. *+ <i ' ! I! 1 A subscnption paper tor tnis periouicui is at the Bookstore in this place. Will you, in connection with these few remarks, do your subscribers the favor to copy the following Proposition. A Proposition 0O"The publisher of the "American Farmer" is thankful for the steady increase to his subscription list?and being aware that many gentleman who take a lively interest in the cause of agriculture, whose influence in their respective neighborhoods, when they may choose to exert it, can always accomplish much good, an J who may be inclined to take an active part in behalf of our paper by the proposition now made, which no pecuniary consideration could produce, takes leave to make , the following oiler?And before doing so, he would relate an incident which has induced him to the measure?A gentleman in Mississippi, wishing to stir up his neighhorsin that State, to the consideration ot i the importance of a change in the manI agement of their estates, wrote us of his intention to obtain a number of subscribers to ourjournal?The manner of the offer, unexpected and unsolicited as it was on our part, induced us to make him the offer of a fine full bre<,l young Berkshire ! gruntkr, as a small token of our grati; tudc for his kindness?He has since set himself to work, and the day after rcceiving our letter, obtained a number of sub. j senders, whose names have been forward; ed to us. Believing that many other 1 gentlemen would be willing to m ike a litj tie sacrifice of their ease to do a good ac! tion for their neighbors, for us, and for ! the gratification of possessing an animal i which would probably claim more attention obtained under saeh circumstances than if purchased with money, we propose to all such, that Anyone obtaining 20subscribers for the American Farmer, and remitting the money therefor, ($50) for one year, (or become responsible for the same,) shall receive for his trouble a handsome full-bred Berkshire, 8 to 10 weeks old, or a pair of Tuscaroras, (a cross of the Berkshire on the China,) caged and furnished with food, if necessary, to any part of the United States. /-w- c? 1? ?i | kjr, lur wie same manner, ttuu uu ui? I same term9, shall receive any agricultural implement, fruit or ornamental trees, shrubs, seeds, or books, to be found in catalogues which will be forwarded to subscribers at a distance in a few days, to the value of 812 50. A/so, any one obtaining 5 subscribers, and remitting 810 therefor, shall receive volume 1 or 2 of the new series of the "American Farmer" neatly bound in boards if required, or forwarded in sheets, to any part of the United States. For 10 subscribers and 820, vols. 1 & 2 do. do. For 20 do. and 810, vols. 1 & 2 Amer* ican Farmer, and 3, 4 & 5 Farmer, and Gardener, all bound, if desired. - Conscious as we are that the more ex ; tensive the circulation of agricultural i works, the greater benefits must enevitabl) . accrue to the country, we hope that the : i i:i i -rr *:ii :_j ?(u uoove uucrtu oners win muuce iii.ujv um ! crs to follow the laudable example of oui | Mississippi friend, and thus be the means j of doing good to their neighbors, theii country, themselves, and their humble scrvant, * SAMUEL SANDS, Publisher Amer. Far. Baltimore, Md. OCrEditors in Maryland, and in the ! South and South West, with whom we exj change, will oblige us by giving the above an insertion, or by noticing the same. ! From the Correspondence of Iho Charlerton Cornier. CONGRESS. Washington, Jan, 20. The pre-emption bill, which has so long been debated in the Senate, was to-day ordered to be engrossed for a third reading?30 to 17. In the course of the discussion, it was asserted by Mr. Buchanan, Mr. Clay of Ala. and others, that Gen. Harrison was in favor of the pre-emption bill. He formerly, as it was said, supported a bill that went the whole length, and, last summer, in a letter to a New-Orleans editor, he | declared himself in favor of the doctrine.; d Mr. Buchanan remarked that he would j t< predict that, when the distribution bill: p became a law?as he thought it would j under the new administration?the pre-, emption system would be combined with ! 11 it. In the bill as brought forward in i n 1839 this principal was fully embraced. ! s< There were several attempts to adjourn, i P in order to continue the debate to-mor-j f row, but Mr. Sjviersaid it had never been I L possible to get a pre-emption bill through | ^ by daylight. It was late when the Sen- j, ate adjourned. I Much of the debate was on subjects ex- i [ traneous to the bill. The subject of the r | revenue was introduced. Mr. Buchanan a | stated, that, from letters and other sour- t i ccs, he was inclined to believe that the I j revenue from customs in 1841 would be c equal to nineteen millions. He had no disposition he said, to embarrass the new s administration, and believed that they ; would find an ample Treasury, when they , ! came into power. t Mr. Clay said he had no reason to be- g licve that the revenue from customs would j f j be large. But he had no means of judg-1 c I ing except from the last year. He would I i nninf. linwpvfir. to the suDnlomentary re- 11 I , ... 11 port of the Secretary of the Treasury, in j t which he estimates the receipts for the j first quarter of the present year, at only J p j three millions. j1 In the House, the Treasury Note bill * was taken up, and Mr. Bell occupied the . [ day in a long speech on the subject. He would vote for any bill that the Ad- j' ministration chose to bring forward?for j j on them rested the responsibility. He would not prefer the form chosen by them : for replenishing the Treasury, but he I would vote for the necessary supplies in j j such form as the administration thought j ( I proper. He did not believe that the five i j millions, provided in this bill, would be i sulficicnt. He regretted that a more I ! ample provision was not made. He did i? j not believe that the friends of the admin- J ! istration would bring forward any bill, 1 making further provision; and, therefore, j1 the new administration would be nnder j the necessity of convening Congress im- j1 mmediatcly in order to provide means for , keeping the government in motion. T.iis debate is likely to last a fortnight. Tae Van Buren members, so far as I learn are opposed to raising more than five . 1 millions by Treasury notes. They say they could get along with that sum, and ! the Whig administration must take the ! responsibility of raising more. Washington, Jan. 21. Mr. Adams resumed to-day, and in spite of the rules, iiis o'd vocation of presenting j abolition petitions. One of them from 1 Pennsylvania, embraced several subjects,! some of which were objection able, but wound up with praying the abolition of j slavery in the District of Columbia. The ; j Speaker inadvertantly rcccivjd and refer j red the petition, but its character being j I j immediately detected. It was nailed to j j the counter. A warm discussion arose as , | to the question whether the petition, or | any part of it, could be received, and others that the whole should be rejected. The hour expired before the question could he decided. Tne Treasury note bill was taken up nnd Mr. VV v ddv Thompson made a sens- | iblc and animated speech upon it. lie concurs with Mr. Bell, Mr. Evans and others, in the opinion that the revenue for j 1841 will not equal the necessary and ordinary expenditures by ten or fifteen millions, and he spoke in favor of an imposition of duties on luxuries. Mr. Riigtt followed chiefly in reply to ! Mr. Evans, undertaking to vindicate the ' I Secretary of the Treasury from the lrn- ' putation of having m.ide under and de- I ccptive statements, and contending that the estimates for 1841 were correct, full and adequate. A difference of opinion arose between Mr. IIiiett and Jonf.s, on one side, and Mr. Evans on the other, as to the charges on the Treasury during 1841 on account of the Florida War. Mr. Evans states that there are now employed in Florida 1700 men, without authority of law, but which force must be provided for and paid ! during 1841; that the Secretary takes no . notice of this charge ; half a million was due on account of this force when Mr. Woodbury's report was made ; that a | million is now due ; and that a million and a half more will become due in the course ; of the year, if the force be retained . in the service. All these facts were dis| pitted, and the communications on the r subject from the Secretary of War were . ordered to he printed. The House ad- | . journcd, leaving Mr. RiiKTTiu possession J of the floor for to morrow, j There seems to be no doubt that the whig members are united in a determina. tion that tho new administration shall not be bothered for want of money ; and that, therefore, a special session of Congress will hp snnn en I led hv General HaRRISON. The whigs deny that the estimate of nine| teen millions for the ordinary expenditures of 1841 is adequate by ten millions ; and further, they doubt whether the estimated receipts will be forthcoming. In the Senate, the pre-emption bill was again the subject of debate, but the dis. cussion run into the present financial : condition of the treasury. Mr. Wkbsteh made a powerful speech in favor of pre: emptioni The Europoan stockholders in the Pennsylvania Hank of the United States having come forward to her relief, and provi. Jed her with specie funds to the further amount of a million of pounds, it is believed that the institution will stand firm, and wait for the time when her State and other securities can be realized. Commodore T. II. Stevens, commander of the naval station here, was found ead in his bed this morning. lie retired ^ > rest in good health, and died from ap- 4 opbxy. W Washington, FriJay, January, 22. A very interesting looking Chinese was 1 the House and appeared to be much oticed by the members. He Was dresgd in his nativd costume, is affable and leasing in manner, and apparently ovor wenty years old. His name, they say, } Chin-Lin, and his dignity that of , iounsliee?or writer. His father is said to ? e a distinguished literary character, hav- 4 ng written several Chin&se pamphlets.? lis card is about the size of a letter sheet, ndicating, probably, the highness of his j ank and importance. Yesterday, the j attention of the House was divided beween him and Mr. Adams, an<J, to-day, ic was the focus of all eyes in the Senate :hamber. ^ General Harbison has not made his ippearance yet, and, if he has any regard : or his pt^ace and quiet, he had better not .. :orae to Washington, till the 3d day of March. The members of Congress will orment him to death if he does. The pccial session, which now appears to be ixed upon, will be a source of much in:onvenience to the President, for it will mablc the members of Congreai to bore lim with applications more effectually han they could at a distance. The Chinese,-Mr. Ciiin-lin,?now on , i visit to this city, attracts much attenion. He was in the Senate chamber, o-day, listening, very gravely, to the elojucncc of Mr. Buchanan. He dresses n full Chinese costume, is very easy and )o!ile in his address, and is thoroughly iglorant of the English language. It is a Hrirriianre. nevertheless, with which his O ?O ' jountrynien are likely now to be made icquanted, and much to their cost. Mr. Rhett made a speech in the House, ;a-day, on tu Treasury Note Bill, and ^ Jemonstrated that the provision made by ;he present administration, tor the expenditures of 1841 was ample, a'>d would, in fact, leave a surplus of one or two millions it the end of the year. Mr. Ncsbit, of Ga. spoke in favor of the bill, arid was willing to admit thedelieicncy in the revenue. He was in favor of providing for this deficiency by a duty on wines, s.Iks, and other luxuries, . now free of duty; and it would be no breach of the compromise act, in his opinion, to enforce those duties prior to 1842. He thought it t!io policy and duty of the South to adhere to the compromise art, and he held it to be binding after 1842. The most, valuable principle of that act was that, after 1842, there should be uo protective duties. It may bo renurked that the above is not the So ith-Carolina doctrine. The South-Carolinians hold, as I understand, tiiat the compromise is not obligatory on Congress, any more th?n any other or dinary act of legisla'ion; ami, regarding a protective tariff as unconstitutional, they seek shelter from its oppressions under the Constitution, and not under any legislative act. In the Senate, the Pre cmp:ion bill was still under discussion,?the quest on being on Mr. Crittenden's motion to recomm t the bill with instructions to substitute for it a bill embodying'(tar two principles of pre emption and distribution. The discussion, however, consisted entirely of political recriminations between tWr. Buchanan and Mr. Crittenden. They discussed the merits and demerits of the two great parties, and the principles of the o.it-going and the in-coming administrations. ? . _ Mr. Calhoun has the floor to-morrow? and will probably speak chiefly in opposition to the Distribution bill.. Mr. Webstej, though in favor of preemption, made a most able argugnnt yesterday, in support of tfce distribution scheme. I presume Mr. Calhoun intends to reply to that argument. Correspondence of the Journal of Commerce. * Washington, Saturday Jan. 23. The grand debate on* the financial policy of the government which is now going on, in both Houses of Congress, is unquestionably the most interesting and important that has ever taken place since the organization of the government. d o The sudject before the Senate is the distribution of the proceeds of the public lands, and, in the House, the Treasury note bill is under consideration; but, in both Houses, the discussion now runs into the same great question, as to our policy in regard to the public lunds, the tariff, national and state debts, state rights, and a national bank. For the last two or three days, the debate in the Senate has assumed a new and most interesting form. It has- not consisted of set speeches, as in the House, but Senators have met each other, in extemporaneous and condensed argument, and the warmth of the collision has elicited more of really Senatorial eloquence than was ever displayed in that body since my recollection. As one proof of this* Mr. Benton, whose set speeches are sq ? i 1:_ u? i?:ii: * i jjjwsjr nnu j/iuiia, uctauic uiiiiiaui, auu powerful, and eloquent, in his unpremeditated speech of Thursday evening. Mr. Crittenden, Mr. Wright and Mr. Webster, were scarcely ever more happy and impressive than in the off hand debqte. of the same day. This morning, Mr. Calhoun opened the discussion with a truly splendid speech, * reply chiefly to the condensed argument offered by Mr. Webster on Thursday evening, and Mr. Webster who was thqs suddenly and unexpectedly called upon to defend his positions, made a most masterly reply,?perhaps the moeT successful effort he ever made on that floor. , He commenced jn a cool and dispassionate manner, stating his argument in the plainest and briefest form. Ultimately, he pame to a more general view of the question, particularly as regards the present condition of the several States; and here he rose to the highest or^cr of clor A