It
f .
f - * - .-'
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* VOLUME VI.
A By M. 3IAC I.EAA.
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year; with an addition, when not paid w.tliii
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advertisement will be inserted, and chaigcd til
ordered out.
lL/~ The postage must be paid on letters to the
editor on the business of the oifice.
a. &mx<9TP&T
?
From the Boston Cultivator.
Kentucky Farming.
A recent letter from Lexington gives
the following enticing picture of the Agriculture
of Kentucky. The S ate law,
which allows the debtor to point out to the
sheriff what kind of property shall he taken
on execution is a most capital idea?
the legislature must have h id in mind the
vankee's sale of a dozen fox skins, whicli
0 [the purchaser was to take "as they came
jn course," but on putting the bargain in
.writing tbe yaukce chose the pnrase, "the
purchaser to lake thorn running." The
*?heritFs of ?cptpcky, instead of the an.
cieot return of *null ft boua^?no goods;
must say, when wild hogs ^re shown
them,4inullum catchmn."
Hut whv should people need tosu? ;out
executions in a State where all arc so rich
and in depend nt?
Extract from 'hr Lrt'rr.
"Ifgeography and history had not placed
the Eden of ihc primitive world in E??
era chines, you would have sworn this
must have been its site. Nature has been
lavish hero of her bounties in soil vegetation
and climate. For 50 miles around,
the land is of the richest alluvial earth,
from 5 to 10 feet in depth, resting upon a ;
stratum of limestone. Its surface, at a distance,
appears like a vast plain hut enter- i
ing it, the ground is found rolling like 1 he j
long swelling uadulations of the ocean.? ,
ThiJ country, every acre of which is as rich i
your garden spot,?is divided into ox- 1
tensive plantations of from 500 to 2000 j
acres each, with its firm-house, and its |
negro cabins clustering around it. placed
in the centre, remote iroin the highway,
surrounded by a grove, broad avenues
lined with trees loadingtoit.
Col. Clvy of Fayette County, has an
estate containing upwards of 6000 acres,
most of which is devoted to pasturage, and
he sold in 1836,1 was informed, upwards
of $30,000 worth of cuttle uj>on the hoof,
a part of which were driven to the New
York and Brighton markets.
Manv districts in this rich grazing ooun
c t c
try present the anomalous condition of a
country increasing rapidly in wealth and
^ advancing in improvements while decreasing
id population. The reason of
this singular state ofaflfiirs, is that the
o ....
small farmers are selling their circumscribed
farms to the wealthy graziers, who are
monopolizing the lands in their vicinity.
This was peculiarly the course of events
from 1836 to 183S, while beef and stock
commanded exorbitant prices; the low
prices of beef for a year or two past, have,
however, arrested the tendency to accumulate
the lands in a few large proprietors.
Corn and rye fields are p'antcd and
sown here for the purpose of feeding cat
tie upon them, standing in the field. Rye
is never gathered lor domestic use, and it
strikes an eastern man as a most wasteful
and improvident mode of farming, to turn
A herd of cattle into a rich and ripened
field of grain to feed upon and trample it
under their feet, and when they had feasted
and gorged themselves upon it for a
few days, the swine are let in to gather
up the scattered and mutilated remains of
the harvest.
The farmers in the vicinity of Lexington
possess now the finest breed of cattle
in the world. For many years large sums
have been paid, and much care ami labor
incurred by them to procure the best specimens
of English stock. Agents have annually
been sent to England to purchase,
without regard to cost, the choicest bulls
And cows of the most famous breeds.?
These being transferred to the luxuriant
pastures and genial clime of Kentucky,
their offspring improve in all their characteristic
points of excellence and surpass
dheir progenitors in size and beauty. I
saw yesterday, heifers three years old,
that would weigh fifteen hundred pounds,
and which were the most perfect models
.of beauty; and their calves of this season,
now four or five months old, would weigh
down an ordinary cow of full growth, and
these lusty fellows were hleating after thcii
dams and tugging a* the teat like young
sucklings, for here pows are not kept foi
milk, but to raise calves, and no butter anc
cheese are made upon these large stocl
farms for the market.
The rearing of horses and rnules is als<
a source Qf great profit, pnd the echo i:
awakened through the sylvan pastures bj
the perpetual bray of the stultified ass, anc
the neighing of the prancing bipod horse
which, like the beeves, being kept princi
pally for breeding, are seldom subjectei
to the bit and harness, and in their wile
h
C11EIU
vtmrnammemtawm
freedom they start at the sound of strange
footsteps, snuff'the air and bound off' in
the unrestrained liberty of the untamed
1 prarie-horse. From twenty to fifty horses
t are kept upon the large estates, and usually
as many mules. A few days since,
' upon the rich bottoms of the Scioto, near
i t_.._ t i . ,.r onn
V/OIUUIOUS, 1 SHW upwurus Ui fjijyj
grazing in one pasture,
s In a country where pork is so important
a staple of production, it would be suppos',
cd that great care would he given to pro|
cure the best brewed of swine; but the long
snouted, lank and slab-sided race, seen
i running wild in large herds through the
o c n
' woods, exhibit an a tonisliing indifference
in their owners to the improvement of this
description of stock. Hut in the recent
screwing times of money, this wild race of
j pigs hare afforded a convenient and timeJ
ly releif to many a distressed delinquent.
J Hy the statutes of thisSvate, the debtor
has the privilege of designating what articles
of his property shall be sold under
execution to satisfy a debt, and of late it
has been the practice in the new counties,
! among those who seek cvciy means 'o esJ
cape from the pressing demands rd the
j Sheriff and constable, to point out the
1 herd of wild hogs in the woods. They
being worth the amount of the execution.
; the limb of the law is obliged to ac<ept
them, "but the thing is to catch cm.' If
not taken, ihev return to the posses on
i of the debtor. A friend of mine saw the
same herd of swine offered as a satisfaction
for execution five times in one week, and
these had been borrowed of a neighbor for
a few days, and were of the wildest sort, to
evade the process of the law. Tiie ex cutions
being returned nulla bono, the title
of the pigs was transferred to their right
ful owner. Hut n tew eastern gentlemen,
; residents in this State are now engaged
' in propagating a tarn t race, that will he
. more amenable to the law.
! There is no class of men who eeiov n
; greater freedom from the.cares, nnxietic6
I a /d li</? fhan I lt/? nl*? nfnrj r?f ?
CllUt l4ll/l/IC9 wi iiIV/ viiiiii mv/ |/mnivi.7 v/i ivi
fertile region. Ti?oV are the princes of
the land?free from debt, living in tlie
enjoyment of princely incomes, and upon
( estates, some of which almost equal a
j small German principality in a territory.
Calvks iun.x.ni; with Cows.
A writer in the Farmers' Cabinet says: J
?"Mv experience extends to many hundrcd
cases, fur upon tne iiilis of S o la >J
it is the universal practice to permit the
calves to remain with their dams during !
the summer, but sucli are never .known or
expected to make superior cows for the
dairy, and for this reason.
Depend upon it, to make a deep milker,
the bag must be periodically distended,
and those who suppose that to allow the
calves to remain with their daius through
the summer would he to the injury of the
cows, have not come to that conclusion
with "reason or evidence. Besides, does
| not the writer in a measure admit the pos!
siiiilitv of the case, when lie thinks it pos
! sible that the cows, under such treatment,
might grow fat.'?as limy assuredly will?
it is not often that cows, when kept to
the pail, are troubled with this inconvenience."
Lothian.
Boston Jan. 10th.
Farmers' Meet:no in the State
JlorsK.
On Thursday two or throe hundred farmers
mot at seven o'clock in the evening in
the Representatives' Hall for the purpose of
diseussing subjects relating to their occu:
pa!ion. The Commissioner of Agriculture
opened the meeting and stated his
object in obtaining leave to ocupy the Hall
on one evening each week?it was for improvement
in the theory and practice of
I Agriculture. He moved that a President
I pro tern, be appointed in order that a ComI
mil tee of Arrangements might be chosen
i to draft rules and prepare for the next
meeting.
Rev. Allen Putnam of Danvers was
chosen President for the evening, and Hoj
?
race Collaniore, Esq. of Pembroke was
. appointed Clerk. A Committee of five
I was then chosen to prepare rules, &c.
The Commissioner then addressed the
J audience and look a general view of the
condition of cultivators of the earth indifferent
regions and compared it with our
i own?he thought wo had every reason
to be satisfied with our own country and
that New England was decidedly the best
part of it?he then treated at some length
of the importance of making farther im
provements on our lands, and that lor this
purpose it was of the utmost importance
to cultivate our ininds?-and he was good
i enough to entertain us for nearly an hour
ingiving good advice and in pointing out
, I the importance of mental and of agricul,
j tural improvement.
i l)r. Jackson was requested to give an
, account of the corn crops which he saw
i growing in New Hampshire on the islands
I in the Winnepiseogcc lake?he confirmed
r the statements which we have before giv{
en that several far mors there have raised
r about one hundred and thirty bushels ol
1 corn to the acre.
t The subject for discussion on the nexi
Thursday evening, is, the various grasses
> and the best modes of producing them
3 Adjourned to meet at seven P. M. oi
f Thursday evening next,
i j Cultivator.
Sausage Making.
j' Should you think our mode of making
i sausages worth a place in your chapte
?> 'UMMHiSW i
} 1 ^ v
LW, SOU TH-CAliOLINA,
on domestic ecomomy you can place it
jthere.
I We prepare cur sausage meat in the
, usual way. Tuen instead of putting
' the meat in skins, prepared from the hogs'
| entrails, we make hags of white clean
{cottonor linen cloth, as large,say as a
i man's arm, larger or smaller as may suit,
! and of convenient length, say about a
j foot long, and put the sausage meat in
; these hags, and hang them up to dry. In
! this, we save much labor in preparing the
ski is, and considerable in cooking; we
slip off the hag from so much as is needed,
and cut the sausage into slices of sufficient
thickness for cooking. I much
1 prefer sausages put in bags to those put
: in skins, as they keep more moist. Othj
er.-:, for the same reason dislike them.
Respectfully yours,
CALVIN BUTLER,
j P. S. Ripe cider berries make good
I pics. Try them ladies. C. B.
Albany Cultivator.
Plymouth, (Conn.) Sept. 17,1840.
DUTY OF FAKMKR : MTLKING AND FEEDJ
ING MILCH COWS.
| Editor of the Southern Cultivafoj:
Sir?The value of Agricultural papers
is I believe almost universally admitted to
be a grCat, to any farming community in
I which they are situated. At oli oyerl?*.
i there arc none who can find any fault to i
i the publications of such papers, and there
are very few in modern days that pretend to
: say they do 110 good. Thus much for caj
vellcrs and set ptics who exist ever) where,
land in regard to all things useful or im|
portant. Tne Bible itself is doubted by
some?rail-roa Is and turnpikes are stren,
u Misiv opposed by many?improvements
j in cctton machinery once produced riots
| in Europe, and so it is generally with ull
g od t tings?there ore almost always
j some to object or to find fault. It is sayj
ii.g much lor agricultural papers, therefore,
' to say that none are to be found who obijocl
io their establishment?many are inj
different, it is true, to their existence, but
| mat number is daily diminishing, whilst
, the great body of good farmers are becoming
more and more attached to system,
ami science, and improvement, the result
1 of lite instructive lessons of agricultural
! papers. The value of agricultural papers
is great in many points of view of discussing
these points, 1 will for the present
rass tiiem over, and content myself by ci-1
ting mo fact, where such papers are most
extensively circulated and read, there a- j
griculture is almost certain to be found in
tne highest slate of improvement. We all
know that knowledge of all kinds is steadily
progressing?that the sciences (especially
those connected with agricuiture) are
.infolding new truths connected with the ;
laws of nature almost daily, and we know
that all such new developments are col- ;
lected as fast us they have an existence,
and spread out in the columns of the periodicai
press. The farmer, then, who
reads a well conducted agricultural paper
is sure to meet with every new and valuaole
and suggestion or improvement connected
with his avocation, whilst he who
blunders blindly along without such means
of instruction is certain to avail himself
very slowly of any existing improvement,
and remain in old errors which often cost
iiiui more than the price of a dozen papers.
But i aTu discussing what I merely intended
10 hint at and which in truth I suspect
is already taken for granted by every well
informed tarmer in the whole country.
The next point, then, is, that agricultural
papers must be sustained by the great
I farming community?and how ? Why
j to sustain them, they must be made in|
teresting and useful. Patronage, merely,
; in so many dollars aud cents given to the
publisher, will not sustain a paper long if
nothing else be done. It must be tilled
with interesting essays, valuable facts, solid
information, and all that is useful in
i the way of setting forth the best modes of
: doing^ll things about all sorts of farms in
I the country. Where, then, is all this
I matter to come from ? You have frc!
tpiently hinted, and I ana all other farmers
| who wiil reflect a moment know, that it
j must come in a great measure from far|
mors themselves,?Who are so capable as
farmers to furnish it ? But one may ask,
if it is to come from the farmers, why have
a papar at all ? If the farmers are to write
j what the farmers are to read, why the necessity
of writing and reading that which
! is known before it is read or written ? The
answer is plain. Farmer A. may be in
possession of one piece of agricultural information
unknown to his neighbors?
j farmer B. o {'another?farmer C. of another.
Without a paper to publish these items of
information in, each may live for years in
ignorance of the other's knowledge?but
I with a paper, the three fuels, if published,
! become common property, and are known
1 I to all. So it is with a community?a
j commonwealth, or a nation of men. The
' ' A* ?i/\A/I/\Ha n r?/l U'ClforC
1 grCfllUJ lilt; lliiiinn;i ui irauum auu ninviu.
f j the greater the number of new improve
j nients made known to all; and the mort
I rapid the advancement in the science ol
>1 agriculture. It then becomes tho duty o\
! every tar me* to do his share in ^ contrib
* uting to the general fund of facts lookee
; for in a farmer's paper. Conscious of this
duty, I took up my pen to write. I an
i aware that there are many others in the
i community more competent, and having
5 more leisure ; that in fact I shall not he a
r ble to repute the reader for the space 1
*
UBWMIBWMMIL
WEDNESDAY, FJSBRUi
-* *
may occupy. But I determined that I
wculd put off*my mite no longer, an 11 will
add the wish that others may take up their
pens in the same spirit.
I will at present only assure you that
my experience has satisfied me of the
truth of the Saying, that u otie cow well
I milked is worth two badly milked. u 1
had the past season two cows in milk,
which furnished an abundance of milk for
my family. Thej' however began to fail
under tolerable feeding and some neglect,
in stripping the milk, until the loss of
milk was seriously felt; in fact, one of
them was so nearly dried up that she was
turned dry. Prompt attention was given
to the other, the food was doubled, and instructions
were given to strip her thoroughly
at each milking. In two weeks she
doubled it, and now gives nearly as much
as the two did in the summer, when badly
attended to. Let this fact go for what it
is worth. It is worth much to all lovers of
milk and butter. 11.
worms in the linos of 9wine.
The Medical and Surgical Journal of
last week has an article on this subjeet
which we copy below. Swine are often
taken sick and die suddenly without an
apparent cause. We have known a farm.
er to lose twenty nan grown nogs witnout
being able to discover a cause or a remedy
fcrt he evil; though we much doubt
whether worms in the lungs would cause
suti'Jerl death.
" A few days since, my lady brought in
to my office four \>prms, which protruded
themselves from a portion of the lungs of
a swine which had been butchered three
or four hours previous to the discovery,?
She had cut a pice from the lower part of
one of the lobes and thrown it upon the
gridiron to broil for a favorite cut. As it
became more than naturally heated, she
saw them rising out of their cells, controrling
themselves into every conceivable
manner of figure. They were alive
and in motion when I first saw them but
ceased to move soon after. The largest
measured two and a half inches in length
?the others, from one and a half to two
inches. When viewed by the microscope,
they resembled, except in size, the ascaris
lumbrides, a9 described by Dr.
Good (Study of Medicine, Vol. 1., p.
200.) I regret exceedingly, that being
called away in haste, I did not preserve
them, and that I had not an opportunity
of examining the remaining part of the
lungs. These worms were represented
to me as coming from cells enlarged by
their presence, the wall of which were
hardened and thickened. The shoat from
which the lungs were taken was eight or
nine months old when killed, and fattened
under uiyjown observation. It fatted well,
and I never had supposed that it was in
the least diseased. E.G.Wheeler. ]
j Unionvllle Dec. 9, 1840.?Boston Cultivator.
PEACHES.
Frum the Kentucky Farmer.
We are convinced of onu fact in social j
and political economy that labor and some
portion of shill are ingredients of every
product of human hands and that \vc can
have nothing without them. It is also
our opinion based upon our limited knowledge,
ahat good fruit, and least of all the
kinds common with us peaches, are no
exception to this general rule. In many
districts where it once grew in perfection
the peach is becoming almost extinct.
But lovers of this delicious fruit may still
have it in as groat perfection and abund
ancc as they have ever had it heretofore,
by proper attention to its cultivation.
Fruit trees generally arc carelessly planj
ted and worse attended to. The roots of
! the young tree are crammed into a hole 9
1 or I'd inches square, [in ground probbably
approaching to density of a brick-bat, the
j removed earth is replaced and the trees
- - .. 1
1 arc lett, to trie consoling aumuimiuii,
4 root little hog or die,1 often receiving no
further attention from the Uirmenlcr. Is
i it strange that trees often fail under such
| treatment ? Or that their fruit is inferior ?
1 It is as important that ground be prepared
by proper manure and pulverization,
for the reception of fruit trees, as for any
crops of the farm and imporrant too that
this treatment be continued to them. We
have now in our mind an instance going
j to show the truth of this assertion. EighI
teen months since, a small orchard of ApI
pie and Peach trees was planted. About
the first of April, a heavy coat of long manure
was spread over one half of the
ground, which was ploughed and cultiva,
ted in potatoes. This portion of the orchard
was also cultivated last season,
whilst the unmanured part has remained
, idle. There is now a difference ot onethird
if not one-half in the size of the trees
on the two portions, and in the healthi,
ness and thrift of their appearance.
A very worthy and intelligent minister
, in the southern part of this Slate, informs
{ us that he had last summer fulj bearing
peach trees, producing fruit superior in
> size und flavor to the parent fruit, that be.
p ing the third year from the planting of the
f seed. His process was to give the sect
p ! from the first germination a clean bed ol
j i well manured deeply cultivated soil and U
3 continue the soil ih that condition. These
j are facts, let them prove what they may
, The following paragraphs from the Wes
, tern Farmer contain some queries pn sev
' j eral unsettled points in the cultivation o
r ' the peach.
- *
4
?t#f> '
?
HvY 3, 1841.
INFORMATION WANTED. PEACHES.I
find it to be the prevailing opinion amongst
many old farmers in Virginia and
Kentukey, that where a p^ach-kernel, the
produce of an original or unhudded tree,
19 planted, the produce is a peach closely
resembling the parent fruit. On the other
hand, where stocks are raised from the
kernels of indifferent peaches, and upon
these are budded the finest varieties, the
kernels from the fruit of such trees, produce
trees that sport very much, thep aches
being almost always small and worthless.
The inference from this is, that
the stock so far overrules the bud as to
cause the produce to partake almost of its
own character. One intelligent and experienced
fruit-grower of this city with
whom I have recent/y conversed on the
subject, states that the results of his own
oxperienoe would induce him to believe
that such is the case : yet he cannot be
satisfied that it i9 so. He thinks with
me, that if a kernel was planted, tha*
grew on a tree, the stock of which was
the growth of the kernel of a clingstone
peach on, which was afterwards budded a
free-stone, that the produce would he freestone
peeches, and that the rule would
hold good whether the stock grew from
the kernel of an indifferent or of a fine
peach, the cion or bud would still overrule
it. The truth is, the peach, like every
other cultivated fruit, sports, so that no
reliance can be placed on a seedling. We
consider it an ill-judged was of time and
ground, to cultivate any hut trees, on
which have been budded choice and well
known fruit. Still we aro anxious to
have information on the subject, from
those who have been able to put it to the
test of careful and judiciously conducted
experiment. Our pages are open to the
discussion of this and every other useful
subject connected with farming and gardening.
?t. a.
PLOUGHING.
Farmers have been considerably divided
in opinion on two points connected
with ploughs, or rather with ploughing;
one of these regarding the manner in
which the furrow slice should he turned
over; and the other, the depth to which
land should be ploughed. Some have
contended that the furrow slice should
never he laid flat, but always in such an
inclined position that the edge of one
slice should just rest on the next one, leav.
ing|under the edge so raised a vacancy nearly
as deep as the thickness of the furrow
slice. This,it is contended is advantageous,
by hastening decomposition, and by allow,
ing water to pass freely off without injury
to young plants. Other farmers main
tain as strenuously that the furrow slice
should in all cases be laid perfectly flat, or
reversed in such a manner that a Held af.
ter ploughing should be as level as before,
the plough simply reversing the surface ol
the slice. In this, as in a majority ol
. 1-1 : ~
coniroverieu puuus, um mucuuhw uiw
observation leads us to conclude that both
sides are partly right, and partly wrong,
We have found that, if on lands strong and
with a tenacious or impervious subsoil,
which retained for some time what watei
fell upon it, the furrow slice was slightly
lapped, so as to leavcaspace below, young
plants suffered less from a wet season, 01
an undue accumulation of water, than
they would if the furrow slice was fully
inverted, and the surface made smooth
and even. On the contrary we have beer
led to believe that on a light soil, one in,
dining to be dry or porous, it was betttoj
to invert the surface completely, and hj
rolling, render the surface smooth, and it:
particles as compact as possible. A sur
lace so treated, will retain its moistun
longer than if left in a state inore ioosc am
friable, and the conduct power will be in
creased by the particles being brough
more closely in contact. Let the farmer
then, whose subsoil is impermeable U
water lay his furrows, as dipping as h<
pleases; the more space below, the bctte
for him; but on a light porous soil, lay thi
surface flat, and make it as dense as it wcl
can be. The benelit, wtucli cornprcssiuj
sandy soils confers, is well understood ii
Norfolk, in England, where the treadinj
of the sheep in feeding the turnips in th'
Held, is considered not the least beneficic
part of the culture required for the produc
tion of wheat.
Nearly the same remarks may be af
plied to the other controverted point, vi2
that which relates to the depth of plough
ing. The propriety or impropriety of dee
ploughing must be determined by the so
itself; by its condition, in reference to
supply of vegetable matter in the soil, an
I the depth to which it has been forinerl
ploughed. Where the stratum of fertil
soil is thin, and the subsoil, no matter froj
, what cause, incapable of promoting veg<
tation, it is bad policy to bring this infe
tile subsoil to (be surface, as a stratum 1
i which seeds are to germinate. And whei
, the soil is permeable to the depth of twelv
i or eighteen inches, or as low as|the ploug
. can penetrate, and is filled with fertilizin
? materials, deposited by the processes <
i nature, or by manure applied trf the su
f face, in cultivation, then the plough ma
) run deep without fear of injury to the pr<
i sent crop, and the certainty of benefit I
. the future ones. We think the true met!
. od of rendering any soil deep and fertil
. is to plough no deeper, and bring up r
f more of the fertile earth at a time to tl
surface, than can be thoroughly correct!
?
r' - . NUMBtiR
12.
by manures, to be incorporated with it
an t thus made friable sad productive.?
At each successive ploughing, if this
course is followed, the soil will be gradually
deepened and rendered productive
to any desired depth. Judge Powell
rendered his soils fertile to the depth of
fourteen inches, and where the roots of
plants have this depth of good earth to
range in and seek their food the farmer
can hardly fail of securing first rate
crops. Every part of a soil so prepared,
is fit for the germination of seeds to the
lowest depth to which the plough can
reach; ami the more thorough the ploughing
is given, the greater will be the surface
exposed to the benefits of aeration,
or the ameliorating influences of the at.
mosphere. One of the greatest differences
between the old and the new husbandry
depends on this question of ploughing^
In the old mode, the plough was used year
after year to the same depth, and the manure
applied with reference to the crop
solely, while the improvement of the soil
w as wholly left out of sight. As a natural
consequence, "there was no depth of soil,"
and when manure failed, the fertility of
the land was gone, with scarcely a possibility
of renovation under such a process.
In the new husbandry, permanent improvement
of the soil, by gradual manuring and
deepening, is kept steadily in view; and
hence the accumulation and use of ma*
,, L : i _jJ:.: i : *
iiuius uasit'ucivcu an auuinuiiai iui|juim
ance. The garden is usually far the
most fertile part of the farm, and this is
brouglit about by the gradual incorporation
of manures with the subsoil raised at
each successive ploughing, until the requisite
depth aud fertility is gained. On
lands long ploughed to a uniform depth,
as they were under the old system, the
pressure of the plough on the same surface,
gradually formed an impenetratable
stratum, thus forming a fatal obstruction to
jhe roots of plants, where it did not naturally
exist. In England, on soils inclining
to clay, and which have been under
the plough occasionally, or almost perpetually
for the centuries, this impermeable
pan is common and one of the most decided
advantages found to result from the
1 subsoil plough, is the breaking up and de>
molition of t-his artificial obstruction to the
spread and depth of the roots of plants.?
On the old cultivated fields of New Eng|
land, the same difficulty exists more of
les, and can be removed, and the soil rendered
fertile by the same means so success
abroad.
The too frequent ploughing of land is
not to be recommended in any case, and
unless absolutely required to destroy foul
weeds, it should receive no further moving
than is requisite to fit it for a crop. The
great mistake of Tull, was, that ploughing
or pulverization would supersede the
use of manuring. But experience shows,
what indeed philosophy inculcates, that beyond
a certain point, ploughing is injuri
ous; aud that, though essential benefits
I are derived to the soil from the action of
> atmospheric agents, manuring in some
- form, is indispensable to successful farm.
I ing. It my be said that an applicalipn of
> manure should take place every time land
is either ploughed or cropped. On land
r that has been brought to a high state of
> fertility, the decomposition of rich sward
" will usually prove a sufficient dressing for
1 a single crop ; but for a repetition or rota'
tion of crops, manures cannot be withheld
1 without a certain deterioration of the soil,
' and a probable lessening of the crop;
Ploughing and manuring must go together,
r and without this combination, each will
r be found defective and incapable of prods
ucing such results as arc certain to ensue
when both separate processes are skillfully
J united. We are therefore disposod to
1 consider every decided improvement in
the plough, as a Jure judication of progress
t in agriculture ; a proof that another step
. in iho cnrmriimi sind dissioation of anci>
> ent error has been g.-.ined ; and the way
e opened and the means provided for still
r further and more important advances?
* Albany Cultivator.
ir
? ON* THE USE OF OPIUM IN BRONCHITIS
1 * "
rr IN THE IIOBSE.
D
B BV W. RUSH, V. 8.
Mr. , of Harlcston, in April,
1039, brought home from one of the large
Yorkshire horse fairs a six-year old black
(* mare, worth thirty-five guineas. She
" was dieted, groomed, (fee. secumdum ar.
p 1cm, and excepting a thickening of the
ii legs, she was, in six or seveu days fit for
a show. On the morning of the market
d day she was introduced to the show
4 1 * _ ? J _1 ?- - aU/%/4 iifif k 4
y siaDlcs, anci s'.ie w?u? urcutmu nuu wivn
le never-failing specific for swelled legs, <fcc.
n viz. 4 oz. pulv. resinae in water ! Two
3- hours afterwards I was called in.
r* The mare would not feed; the cars
n were cold, and her whole frame chilly.?
e She had coughed several times, but not
violently; her pulse was about 60, and
feeble. No mention was made of the
J drench, as the owner did not imagine it
r had caused any harm. Iler ears were
y well-pulled, the extremities rubbed and
3. bandaged with flannel, the body clothed,
to a fever baUadministered, and the diet rei
stricted to mashes.
e, A.t four p. m. I was hastily summoned
iQ to a attend my patient, when I found her
affected with rigor3, the breathing quick
b(* and evincing pain in the effort, the pulse