Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, December 30, 1840, Image 1
VOLUME VI
By IS. 71 AC EEA
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g- T?^
From the Southern Cabinet.
ON TIIE CULTIVATION OF THE FIG TREF.
IN CAROLINA.
I cheerfully comply with the request
of the Fruit Committee of the Horticultural
Society, in communicating such
facts as I am acquinted with, in regard
fo the cultivation of the Fig tree.
I regard the tig as one of the most valuable
among the fruits cultivated in the
maritime districts of South Carolina. It
is wholesome and delicious. The tree
is of easy growth, does not take up much
room, is seldom injured by frosts, bears
from one to three crops in a season; and
there are so many varieties that, with a
little* carp, irood fruit niav be obtained
from June- till the frosts of November.
Sjrcies Cultivated.?There are, according
to Botanists, considerably over a
hundred species of Fig tree; the majority
bear fruits which are not eatable. All
our varieties cultivated in this country
may be referred to one species?the Ficvs
carica. These varieties have all originated
in Asia, Africa, and the southern parts
of Europe, from seeds. The fig belongs
^^Wto that family of plants arranged by
under the class and order,
* JLtuocia Triandria. The male tree has
- 1 1 id'. ?? - 1 I I ?tk.'o iuu.n**!'
Of noen i^iruuuccu tmu uus tvuuuj
ftfeatete*00* 'ft* '^ceds of our cnUi vated vone^
v^'^ited by layers or cuttings; no new
varieties have, therefore, originated in
America. Nearly all our varieties of the
fig, have been from time to time received
from different parts of the Mediterranean.
Those in Louisiana were generally im|>orted
from the south of France; hence,
there are several varieties in the neighbourhood
of New.Orleans, which have
not found their way into Carolina. The
small bulr delicious Celestial fig was, I
think, received from Louisiana but a few
years ago. Although it might be udvisa.
3 ble as a matter of interesting horticultural
experiment to import the original wild
Fig tree, or the male of some of its varieties
; yet there are so many valuable
varieties cultivated on the Eastern continent,
that a selection from these may
easily be made, by which our tables may
be supplied with a constant succession
throughout the season.
? , /.
iUetftoa oj transporting tuning* ??/ ?<?
Fig tree.?This process is both simple
a;id sate. Toe cuttings should !>e taken
from the tree any time during autumn or
winter, packed in earth or moss, in boxes
or barrels, and will easily survive a passage
across the Atlantic.
Mode of Propagation.?The cuttings
will succeed !>est in this climate when
planted in the month of February.?
Those, however, that have been taken
from the tree at an earlier period, will
succeed very well when planted a month
later. It may be successfully inoculated.
As the tree, however, grows readily from
cuttings, a resort to this method is only
desirable when we have stalks of an inferior
kind, the inoculations growing so
rapidly, that there is usually a saving of a
year by this method. The tree grows
readily from shoots, but I have found,
from many years experience, that cuttings
succeed better and grow more
rapidly. A limb is laid horizontally,
covered by seven or eight inches of earth;
a branch is suffered to project from the
earth, forms the future tree, whilst the
parts under the surface are formed into
roots. It usually commences bearing the
second year.
We have introduced into Carolina, as
far as I have been able to observe about
twelve or fourteen varieties of the fi?r.?
O
These usually are named according to
their colors? such as black, blue, brown,
lemon, and white figs. One variety
the large white lemon fig, produces an
abundant early crop, whilst the large
brown fig, when carefully attended to,
continues ripening its fruit until late in
autumn. The black and blue figs seldom
* ^ hear an early, but usually a very abundant
second crop.
To pfbduce an Early Crop of Figs.?
I have long been under an impression
that one ^reat cause, of our want of suecess
in producing fruits of various kinds
in Carolina is owing to our neglect in
manuring fruit trees in the proper season,
CHEKAV
This is applicable especially to our apple,
pear, quince, and plum trees. In the pear
especially, the manuring of the trees
with decayed leaves, or litter of any
kind in in autumu, has almost invariably
been succeeded by an abundant crop in
the following year. In an experiment I
made on a black, blue, white, and brown
figs, I am inclined to think that by manuring
them an early crop of figs may be
obtained from all these varieties although
some kinds produce lessaubndantly than
others. In the month of November last
I had the earth removed from my Fig
trees by which jwocess many of the small
roots and iibre were cut otf. I placed a
wheelborow load of well rotted stable
inunure around each tree, which was cov.
ered with earth. The trees had been planted
in a moist soil, and were somewhat
injure by the heavy rains of the present
unusually wet season. This was in
some measures remedied by adopting
the European system of under-draining,
whicli I found vcrv advantageous. 1
l o
have never had a more abundant early
crop of figs, or of finer flavour. This 1
have ascribed a manuring. As it was a
first experiment, I am unable to state
positively whether this method would always
succeed equally well.
Insects ichich infest the fig tree'.?
Hitherto this tree has been subject to
few diseases, add scarcely suffered from
the depredations of insects. The large
white coccus, of scale-like, mealy appearancc,
did not materially injure the tree
or the fruit; and the fig-eater comes late |
in the season to claim his share of our
abundance, to which be seems fully entitled
by the laws of Nature. A minute
and much more formidable insect, how.
ever, whose character I have not yet
fully investigated, has within the last
few years attacked the liinbs and leaves
of our Fig trees, covering the surface,
extracting the juices, and in some cases
destroying the tree in a single year.?
The only remedy I have thus far been
*nbleto discover, is by scouring the tree
and all its branches with a hard brush
dipped in moist sand, and finally washing
it with soap-suds or strong alkali.
kai hman.
July 1G, 1840.
To the Fruit Committee of the Horticultural
Society.
Making Buttkr.
[Jn reply to some enquiry relative to
to this subject, the editor of the Boston
Cultivator thus discoursed :]
If we undertake to tell our correspond- i
ent which is the best mode of making bultcr,
we may have our ears boxed the very
next time wc venture into a dairy room?
for wc find that good butter makers have
different methods: each has the very best
mode of making, and why should any one
listen to the experience of others ? Still
our own opinion is, there is but one best
mode of making the very best butter, the
proof of which is in the eating?we do not
mean that it shall be proved as soon as it
comes from the churn, but after it has ?
been made a year.
All dairy women know that the milk
dishes must he kept clean and sweet?
that the milk must be good?and that it
must not be allowed to stand unreasonably
long before the cream is taken off with
the skimmer?nor should the cream stand
too long before churning. In large dairies
it is a common practice to churn the
fathered cream not less than three times
n
in a week, bat if the cream is kept in a
cool place it may be allowed to stand half
a week without injury at any season of
the year, provided it is daily stirred in a
thorough manner so as to mingle well together
all parts of it.
When the cream is put into the churn
it must be of proper temperature, or it will
not make the best of butter?if it bo too
warm the butter will be soft and less in
quantity than it should be?if it be too
cold it is not easily converted to butter.?
Dairy women arc not much in the practice
of using a thermometer in these cases,
though we think it would be an excellent
practice, and " new beginners" may find
one indispensable. Probably the heat indicated
by Fahrenheit's thermometer may
be between 60 deg. and 70ieg.|without injury
but the only way to determine this with
complete accuracy is to make several trials.
At the commencement of churning
the cream should never be agitated, violently,
for in such case it will be set to
foaming aad the formation of butter, will be
retarded. Let it be gently agitated for
sometime, and there will be no risk in a
thorough shake towards the close. When
the cream is good and has been properly I
kept, it is often converted to butter in fif- I
teen minutes; and yet we see people
churning for hours on one mass of cream !
There is no doubt but that the cream from
some cows is much more easily converted
( than from others, but the principal reason
for the difference in the length of time required
is a lack of attention to the preparation
of the cream so as to give it the
proper warmth.
When the cream has become butter it is
1 well to keep, up the agitation for live miu
utes, in order to gather the butter, or rath1
er to separate it completely from the buti
termilk. When this is done the butter,
milk should be turned off and cold water
m
^ <5
* Jk
Wj? '< jj
\r ^Nr t
? ?w??n
'*' ?' '"5
y. SOUTH-CAROLINA, W
should he substituted for it in the churn, t
tlien the water and the butter may he agitated
again forsevenil minutes?let this 1
water be then turned off and a new supply a
be put in and agitated as before; in this r
way all the buttermilk may be separated
from the butter, and if any liquid is left in o
the little crevices it will b? principally i
water instead of buttermilk. The butt* *
must then be taken from the churn by fi
means of a littie wooden shovel, With a
which it should be overhauled, or 44 work- I
ed over," as the women say, and partially c
1. 1 / V 11 A. J " MUa..U U/% fl
saiicci. un me nexi aav u hiivqim whh? *<
erhauled again to let ant all the extra mots- c
ture or water, whcii it will' be-fit4o be-jwt- *
into the firkin. a
The salt used should not exceed one a
mncc for a pound of butter. And if all fl
the buttermilk has been churned out or e
worked out, the butter will keep sweet for a
a year or two in case it is well packed.?
It should be stowed close in the firkin so c
that no air can gain admittance. The f
firkin should be water tight and brine v
tight. Some turn brine over the top to u
exclude the air, and wnen the firkins arc ?
to remain in the dairy this is a good mode, a
but the air should always be excluded as d
much as possible. d
The greatest difficulty which we find in n
preparing butter to be kept for a long v
while, is i.n wholly separating the buttermilk a
from the butter. If that is all worked out in o
season we are not in much danger of losing c
our butter or of having it turned frowsy? a
but people seldom separate all this butter- h
milk, and those who sell their butter fresh p
prefer to let a quantity of liquid remain d
with the butter in order lo balance better c
on the scale. When we are not sure that f
we have separated all the liquid from the n
butter, we can, by using salt that has been t
perfectly dried by the fire or in tho sun n
absorb a portion of the moisture remaining v
in it and thus run less risk of iniquity from n
such particles which are apt to adhere to p
the butter. When butter is to be kept c
for several months we choose to mix a lit- c
tie pulverized saltpetre and some loaf sugar
with the salt. One tcaspoonful of
saltpetre and two of sugar will be enough
for a dozen pounds?these articles also
aid us in absorbing the extra moisture of ^
the butter. *
But all will nrt agree with us as to 8
washing new made butter in cold water, ^
My m inutih 'will .In
oide at once that we ruin our butter by r
washing it?that we wash away much of
the natural sweetness of the butter?they ^
therefore attempt to work out that foul r
matter by hand, but they seldom succeed? 8
and though their butter will taste as sweet c
as any when it is first made, it trill remain *
sicert. VVe do not mean that it is impos- P
siblc tc work out all this matter by hand? c
we mean to say females seldom do it, and
this is the principal cause of the great ^
quantity of frowy butter that is found in c
our markets. '
VVe could never perceive any philoso- 1
phical reason why water should wash away
any of the richness of butter. Noth- *
ing will make it unite with any oily or but- a
tcry matter?and we should as soon fear c
that water put in our tallow kettle would
injure the candles as that it would wash
away the goodness of the butter. If our
theory be correct that water cannot be P
made to mingle with butter the burthen 8
? .. . ??:n k
ot proot rnac waicr win w.??u anuj mv
goodness lies on the otlier side. For our a
part we can say we have eat as good but- a
terat a year old made and kept in the 1
way which we recommend as we have c
ever found ; and we are satisfied that ours c
is much the easiest mode of separating the 8
butter from the buttermilk. g
We cannot account for the strong pre- a
judicc which exists against suffering new c
made butter to come in contact with wa- r
ter, but we can assure our friends that the c
Scotch and the Dutch who have leng been f
noted for their excellent butter, never fail
to cleanse out all the buttermilk bv the f
application of cold water in tho churn : *
and their butter has been kept for years '
without the least taint.?Bits, Cultivator. j
AGE OF SIIEEP. <
The age of sheep may be known by i
examining their front teeth. They are J
eight in number and appear during the 1
first year all of a small size. In the sec- (
ond year, the two middle ones fall out,
and their place is supplied by two new
teeth, which are easily distinguished by
being of larger size. In the third year, two
other small teeth, one on each side, drop
out and are replaced by two large ones;
so that there are now four large teeth in <
the middle, and two pointed ones on each i
side. In the fourth year, the large teeth ,
arc six in number, and only two small ones
remain, one at eacn end 01 tne range.?
In the fifth year the remaining small teeth
are lost, and the whole front teeth are
large. In the sixth year the whole begin
to be worn; aud in the seventh, sometimes
sooner some fall out or are broken.
diseases and management of sheep.
Messrs. Editors.?I have seen in your
paj>er a request made by Mr. Grant, for
i some remedy to cure cattle that have
taken too freely of new corn. Taking it
for granted that the digestive organs,
stomach, &c. of a sheep is like that of the
ox, I will tell him what proved useful to
my sheep under the same circumstances.
My sheep had taken too freely of new
corn, they became perfectly debilitated,
! violent purging ensued, and several of
; Y-r* %
: . X* ?
MBTlMJhWMM.
ia)NKSPAY, UrXUMBt
h m died. One I found very low, it
:a id not stand and appeared to be blind.
V ree doses of tar and salt a day, say half
Fl ibie spoonful of tar, and a little salt,
0 eated for two or three days cured ijL
n the management of sheep I find tar
ifrreat benefit. If placed in a situation
ha is easy of access, tbey will oat it very
roily. I like to have the troughs well
Mtered with tar, and the salt thrown in,
they will use it freely at all seasons,
nnd that sheep in this section of the
<nhtry fequire moist or green food in
? printer, and the turnep crop is so pregions,
that L was induced to try the
lltff I foutidfc to gnawer
very good purpose; they grow large,
,nd they are not apt to be troubled by the
lea or bug. - The sheep I found would
at them as well, and appeared as healthy
s whep fed on turneps.
I observed a writer in your paper rcommend
littering sheep pens with straw,
eedingon oats and hay. The littering
rith graw I found to be injurious, the
irine and manure of the sheep soon forncnting,
and produced a suffocating heat
ind offensive odor; this was the cause of
lisease. Feeding on oats and hay proluced
costiveness and fever, and in the
nonth of February they begin to eat their
rool. Hav is an enemy to woqI ; you
1 c . i ai r.-L i_:_:
.iwaysnna me iiranu mciurvr cuiiipiuuuug i
fit. I prefer feeding on cornstalks and
orn fodder, (the corn cut up by the roots
ind the husk left on the stocks.) the stock
;ecps the sheep from the ground, and the
en will not be hot or offensive. A hunIred
hills of corn and a bushel and a half
f turueps or radishes, I found sufficient
or 125 head of shoep at a time. I feed
norning and evening, letting them run out
hrough the middle of the day on my
vheat, so as to destroy the insects that
vould otherwise habor under its foliage
ind rise in the spring and destroy the
p-ain, and to prevent the snow from suffo.
:ating it, as some of your correspondents
omplain. Albany CulliatUor,
A Virginia*.
Patent Office, Nov. 20,1840.
Notice is given that the Hall in the new
*alent Office, for the exhibition of manuactures,
is now completed. The Hall is
pacious, being 273 feet long, 63 feet wide
10 feet high, andJirc proof.
.Iflunts Ijul V *?> nnnnvml mi ill
eceive-androrward free of expense, articbs
which may be deposited with them.
Phese articles will be clasified and ar*
anged for exhibition, and the name and
.ddress of the manufaciurer (with the priee
when desired) will be carefully affixed.
W, it is presumed, will neglect to imtrove
the opportunity now presented of
ontributing theirjehoisest specimens to the
he NatinnaJ gallery of American manufac
? ?- irttii# tkn qao f
UTtX, WfiertJ tUUUSWIIUS WIIU T I.-III UK uvat
tf Government will witness with pleasure
be progres of arts in these United Staes.
If fairs in limited sections of our coun.
ry, excited, interest, what must be the
ittraction of a national exhibition, enrichd
by daily additions.
The agriculturist may be gratified to
aim, that commodious rooms are proviled
for the exhibition of agricultural imYemenis,
and also for the reception of
eed for exhibition or distribution.
The Commissioner of Patents, being
uthorized to collect agricultural statistics
ivails himself of this opportunity to solicit
nformation of the condition and charactor
>f the crops in several sections of the
:ountry. These data will aid him in preenting
with his anual report, the aggre;ate
amount of products of the soil, and
ind it is hoped that the public may guard;d
in some measure from the evils of
nonopoly, by showing how the scarcity in
me proportion of the land may be supdied
from the surplus in another.
Names of agents who will receive and
nrumrd nnokacres for the Patent office.?
? , r>
Collectors of the customs at Portsmonth
H., Portland, Me., Burlington, Vt.
Providence, R. I., Philadelphia Baltimore,
fliehmond, Charleston, Savanah, N.
Orleans, Detriot, Buffalo, Cleveland.?
Surveyors of the Customs?Hartford, C
3tLouis,JPittsburg, Cincinnatti, Louisvill
ft. H. Eddv, Boston, Mass ; David Gardi
iincr, (Customs House) New York.
Henry L Ells worth,
Commissioner of patents.
From the Charleston Courier.
Gov. Richardson's Inaugural.
We cannot go this document. We are
disappointed rather in Gov. Richardson
than his inaugural, for we had an inkling
of what it would be, from a certain devclopement
which took place, in the columns
of the Mercury, last summer. Our pleasnrQ
in Qppinir r Union man olne.tnd Gov.
u,v ? - ~?- ? -?
ernor of the State (and it would otherwiso
have been unfeigned, and in relation
to no individual more so than Col.
Richardson) is entirely marred, by the
seeming sacrifice of principle, by which
the event has been accomplished. If this
is the way the bond of peace is to be sealed,
that seal shall never bear our impress;
and ve must differ from his Excellency
that it is cause of congratulation, and calculated
"to dispel every shade of doubt and
distrust from the hearts and countenances
of our people," and on the contrary hold
it just cause of sorrow and apprehension.
When Gov. Richardson addressed the editor
ofihe Mercury, last summer, in an ex
j. i i?
SR 30 1840.
position of his principles (for which th
journal called hira a sound State ttigli
man) and declared that if any a
tempt should be made after tl
the expiration of the Compromise Act,
1941, to revive the tariff "South-Care
na ought not to submit to it/' "nor wh<
the remedy is to be applied, should v
quarrel among ourselves as to the mot
and measure of redress," but "the sir
plest,the most efficacious and direct rem
dy should be at once resorted to," and i
such an emergency, he doubted not "thi
the*State would concentrate in herd
fence -the wilf and the ene/gtes $failh
citizens," our suspicions and our Jjsa
were aroused. We knew, however, th
these high sounding and ambiguous phra
cs, smacking strongly as they do of tl
peaceful remedy of Nullification, wc
susceptible of an innocent interpretatu
?wo made allowances, liberal allowanc
too, for the fact the writer had on at tl
time the white garment, that he was see
ing high and distinguised office, and hi
to contend against adverse machinatio
?and we supended our judgment. 11
Col. Richardson is now the Governor
the State, he is no longer caiulidatu* b
pwrpuratus, and what he says officially
is our right and duty to canvass free)
in order to ascertain his object and mca
ing. Gov. Richardson tells us, in t
same breath, that we have "diseased fi
ever the cabalistic terms of party," ar
with strange medley of those very tern
that "we are all Nullifiers, we are
Union men." Mr. Jefferson may, wi
some plausibility, have said, on his c
cession to the Presidency, "we are
republicans, we are all federalists," 1
cause in the sense that we are citizc
of a federal government as well as of
republic, the terms are rcconciloable.
But "Nullifiers" and "Union men" arc i
tually antipodes; and there is no sense
which the terms can be made to harm<
ize. Gov. Richardson may find the pa
dox realized in himself; hut we p[oU
not in the name of the Union party,
we regard that as long since dissolv
and trust in Heaven there will never b
necessity for its revival?but in the na
nf ITninn mrn,. ngamut any tiirh nrtfijrf
al amalgamation. Our family. quat
has been happily and honorably end
without any abandonment or comprom
of principle on either 9ide, and the hon
nullificr and the honest Union man no
continue to cherish their principles, \
less induced by honest conviction
change them, without loss of respect
llmlnntiAii nf Krnthnrli' n(Tonh'nn 1
II lllll liuiivia Vt Vt V*iava mj mm^v??v.sv .
Jeferson's declaration " we are all fed
alists, we arc all republican," was follow
by a contest between federalists and
publicans; Heaven forcfend that G
Richardson's paradoxical parody may
ominous of like strife between Nullili
and Union men.
Were this all that was objectionable
the inaugural, we concede it would !u
l>ecn captious and hypercritical to hi
noticed it. But there arc other passa,
of startling ambiguity, if not plainly
ceptionable doctrine, and indicating t
kind of action which Nullifiers only, i
not Uniontnen, couldon principle sa
tion. In alluding to the high provii
of executing the laws, now entrusted
him, he says:
"For the manner in which I hope
discharge this obligation, I shall look
the illustrious examples of my prcdec
sors, and to the. great principles of the
jmhlican party of '98 and '99, and wh
this State, in all its controversies and str
gles to preserve its constitutional rig,
has so succesfidly and pre-eminently mt
taincd. Those advantages which
stern and ardent patriotism may have b
mainly instrumental in achieving in
salutary reformations in the adminisi
tion of the Federal Government, so h
pily illustrated by the judicious mcasi
and sound policy of those into wh
hands it is now committed?my elf
shall be unremittingly directed to cl
ish and improve. And whatever sua
may have crowned the unceaeing vigih
and immovable firmness with which she
? i j.
8CnC L f\KT fi&T uhu>
sovereignty, /io act of negligence or of c
mission on my part shall ever tarnish
abate"
The mere reference to the humbug
olutions of'98 and '99, which Mr. Jei
son used as a ladder to climb into p
er and then kicked away, as soon as
accomplished his object, we would reg
as nothing more than the ordinary po
cal rule, for Mr. Claj', Gen. Harrii
and Mr. Van Buren, as well as Mr. (
hoiln, the Nullifier, refer to them as
common standard of their conflict
creeds; but this passage also asserts t
this state "in all its controversies
struggles to preserve its cpnstituth
rights, hws successfully and prc*eminc
maintained" the great principles of
j and '99. Now we are not aware of ;
occasion in which this state, iu iny sti
; gle to maintain her rights, pre.eminei
1 assertad the great principles of '98
| '99, unless it be her nullification con
versy with the general government;
VJ9U|
^ j
"r << v
f". ? - V
. .v : '' * ' i
ir** riftiii' irff
1* * v # > - - - 1
* - - ? .* / - 4^.' , f >/ #. xtyyt
NUMBlfiR 7.
%
at when all the controversies aind struggles
its of the state aro included, the nullification
it- struggle is of eourse erabrhCed. Again
be we are told of the "immovable firmness"
in of the state in asserting her rights, her
li- principles and her sovereignty/' and this?n
is another awful squinting at nullification.
vo The following passage, alluding to the'
le election of Gen. Garrison, besides libeln.
ling (wc think the term bv no means toot
e. strong) the South, hjr calling that event,
in to which tho South has so largely contribute
at od, (all the Southern States except three
having voted for Gon. H.) "a triumph at the7
" expense of Southern rigWaad, interests,"
contains several strong nullification in-*
"J fusions.
at But if in the results of the late Presideritial
canvass, these great principles so ar*10
dently cherished by the South, so foithful-*
re ly and so ably maintained by the present
>n administration, are destined to be overen
thrown, if a change of men necessarily
tie implies a change of measures, if the now
k- inevitable succession of another political
^ dynasty seemingly allied to the implacable*
n . n mie > of our domestic institutions, eomut
tuning every element of opposition to out
nf principh i, rising opon their dotrnfall and
nt winning trophies and triumphs a* the exJt
pense of Southern rights and ins i itvm*?
if, id sbort, the political aspects 01 cvouu
may bo regarded as betokening the recurrepce
of all those disastrous evils and
e abuses which hare so long waged a deeo*
lating warfare of oppression, exaction and
injustice, upon the rights and interests of
MS the People of this State?then let us reall
member that the great redeeming and couth
creative principle of retirees and defence,
lc- remainand abides in ourselves; in the east-'
all rise and interposition of nil those means and
yQ. resources, so amply provided in the aojuttiinij
fat ion, ami so expressly reserved to the
a States. Nor shall I be wanting in my da
ty on such, an occasion to invoke the aid,.
and counsel of the Legislative Depatf*
ment of the Government. In such an
,n event I cannot anticipate that there wou^t
)n* lie one citizen in our State of whatever'
ra" shade or distinction of party, whose heart
would be unmoved, or whose arm woul4
f?r be unnorved to defend?Hind from those
ed, perhapa now most confident in the parity
e a and professions of a succeeding adminis*
me tratioo, ope may reasonbly expect, the
ed, [m proportion to the extent to which their*!''" |
| patriotic anticipations are disappointed
*a y If, therefore, our rights should
again cease to be respected, we are, I trust, ''
as willing, as we are competent, to redreaafej
? them, and while the experience of the^
or past incalculates a lesson of warning anSI
*" rebuke to the ambitious encroachments cf 4m
?r- Federal power, it at the same time exera'ed
plifies the dangerous tendency which exre
ists to perpetrate [them,] and illustrates
ov. the readiness with which they may be repelbe
led by the evoked resources of the constiiuors
! tion, and sovereignty cf the States.
So far as depends on roe, fellow- citizens,
in | let me assure you, that I trust to enjoy the
lve j proua ana nappy consoiauuu t?i
lve ting oh much of the right, honor, interest*,
or dignity of the State as are committed
^S to the care of this department, uncom?
| promitted and unimpaired, by the aggret
" j sions of atiy power on earth.
ind I What means Gov. Richakdsox by
nc* : 44 the great redeeming and conservative
ice principle of redress and defence," by 44 the
to interposition of means and resources rr|
served to the States," and by the evoked
to ; resources of the sovereignty of the State,
to " to repel the encroachments of Federal
;es. power ?" These phrases are were sound
r(% and fury signifying nothing, or they mean
iieh downright and rank nullification. We
U(r can scarcely suppose that Gov. R. would
stop to palter in a double sense?that he
. ' would deform his first official document
l'n' with an equivoque as hateful that of the
"er J test oath?and we thefore cannot avoid
ccn the inference that he means it to be unthe
derstood, that, if another protective tariff*
tra- ! wliall be passed, he will be ready to play
tap- i the Don Quixotte of nullification, and,
ires | with a rueful countenance, carry intoeff*.
ose ] ect the next fulminating ordinance of state
orts ' sovereignty, taking care moat paradoxic.
ier. a"}'> as a nullifier, 44 to defend the rights
re?s State" against " aggression" 44 and
ince encroachment from the federal govern.
nient," by means of 44 a well organized
, * mili'ia," and yet, as a Union man, to save
67 from "destruction this blood cemented
om' Union."
or In the following passage, indicating the
uses of" a well organized militia," will be
res- found a further development of our Gov
!**< - CI IIVI QW 1 IV vrwow
" But when cotibined with these conhe
siderations of expediency are added the
;ard strong reasons of necessity incident to a
lit j. situation of danger to our State and Doson,
mest'c Institutions?of rivahy and ambi2al
/*ott froin mr titter States, and of aggress
t^e ton and encroachment from the Federal
Government?ike inducements on our part
,} Jj to a toell organized militia are irresistible
1 , and conclusive
an . The State"will readily follow our Gov
H,a' ernor's gallant lead, as one man, to do bat"dy
tie in defence of M our domestic institutions"
but if he calls us out, on ground^
any not justifying a resort to revolution, awug
gainst the Federal Government, be would
illy have much thinner muster, and be pretty"
and sure to discover that " we are not #0 noltt* tro
tiers," and that a goodly bost ot Unjpll' a
men will not have the less repugnaaothfoi A
* H