University of South Carolina Libraries
J* m and subsequently separating them and j ( thus giving a new and extensive direction 1 ? for the profitable employment of capital! 1 and labor. ; < The great variety of our geological for- i inution, troni the oldest or primitive to the i i most recent or tertiary, affords reasonable < prospect of yielding, by minute scientific ; examination, other nietalic or mineral ? treasures. Among these, may be enumerated Marble, and materials for build- ! ing. Coal or Peat, &e., which, apart lrom J 1 their immediate value, arc well worthy ot ; < attention, from the new channels of en- j ' terprize which they will lay open. The College is in a most prosperous j I condition, and is fully entitled to your j' fostering care and protection. The very j < generous and liberal spirit which the Le- j Uu olnriiv tnwiirds ^roiaiuic imo unf ui v .v.. ? ? it, is highlv creditable to our people. It is j with pride, 1 say, that the reasonable ap- 1 peals of those to whom is entrusted its immediate control, have never been male | in vain. No false notions of economy, have prevented those appropriations which were calculated to increase its usefulness, hut they have always been made with promptitude and liberality. Our Free School System has lately attracted special attention. I trust that from the many Reports of the Commissioners to our late Governor, you will be able to derive important aid in the patriotic and benevolent effort to place it upon a more useful and correct foundation. Without presuming to give you even the j outiines of a system, I would respectfully j submit a few remarks on the subject.? The pay of the Teachers is altogether too : moderate. Tho very small compensation I * .1 * may be said, without much of a figure, to i poison the whole system. If we value j professions by their usefulness, none can be more important than that of the Teacher. His duties are more irksome and laborious, and no occupation in life calls for a rarer combination of talent and charac- > ter. The foundation of a complete edit cation can be surely laid, only in our elementary schools. The importance of a 1 thorough English education, is, to a great ; extent, overlooked in oui modern systems, : and our youth is hurried into the study of i the ancient classics, without even a de- jj cent knowledge of their own tongue. It j is a humiliating fact, that many, fresh ; from the walls of a College, cannot write a page, without betraying their ignorance i of the structure of our language. This is no imputation upon the Professors, as young men arc not sent there to learn j1 the rudiments of English, but are presumcd to know them before their admis- ' sion. It is not mv design to depreciate j the dead languages, or a knowledge of their literature; but that education is im- | perfect, indeed, which looks too exclusively to such an attainment. A critical j knowledge of our own language, with its j literature, should be the primary object of attention, and under no circumstances, j should this be neglected. There can be no occasion for tiiis neglect, as the thorough knowledge of one language only facilitates the acquisition of another. It j: is no easy matter now to acquire a good j | English education in South Carolina. He who would otfer to teach English alone, j I could not calculate upon making his bread, i Our modern notions require something J i else; and hence, every head of a petty ' country school, advertises to give inslrue- ; tion in Latin, Creek, Italian, and French, and those higher English branches, which i can be properly taught only in a College, j To know what Homer and Horace wrote, and to be able read the Grecian and Roman anthologies, is regarded ot more importance than the know ledge of our own limes and country. The Legislature can do , something to reform this state of things, ! by elevating the character of our Free Schools, and requiring that applicants for j admission into the College, should he ex- | amincd in certain English departments, !1 with which now they are only presumed to be familiar. There is a more important relation, i however, between the Teacher and Pupil, than the merely intellectual. It is the , moral relation. How vastly important i that the Teacher should possess the requis- '; ite moral qualifications; that he should he able to give that kind of instruction, which alone can qualify us for the higher duties ji of life, and prepare us for eternity. The education of the mind and heart must go together, or better, far better would it be for our children to continue in the depths of native ignorance. I would not convert our Free Schools into Theological Semi naries; but it becomes the Legislature to 1' guard in every proper manner, the morals of the children, and protect them against (< those sinister influences which make them any thing but good and useful citizens. 1 In the words of a distinguished modern writer, "Education consists in learning what makes a man useful, respectable, and ? it la nil imnnrtanl tn elevate nayyj av mi* .M.^W. - - the character of the Teachers of our Free Schools. The relation between Teacher '' and Pupil, is ofa most responsible nature, j and involves all that importance which belongs to authority, oil the one side, and < submission on the other. In addition to i literary qualifications, no one, if possible, 1 should control the education of the youth I of the State, who is deficient in moral , > character. Who, I would ask, arc the j1 Teachers of our Free Schools? Are they j1 men to whom the Legislature can coin- i mit, with confidence, the great business of 1 education? What is the amount of tbeir ! * literary qualifications, and what the tone < of their morality^ It is not my design to ?' indulge in unnecessary remarks upon this ] subject, but truth requires me to say that, ! as a class, they are grossly incompetent i to discharge their high and sacred func- I Kong, So far as my observation extends, ! I with Wt few exceptions, they are very | j ignorant, and possess a very easy morali- j s ty. With the poor pay allowed them, we ! ? cannot reasonblv calculate upon a better ; ( state of thin i;*. The uaen who take charge j < i )f our public schools, and accept so miser- ' w lble a pittance as the reward of their la- ' tl t>ors, are they who cannot get employment j t( an any other terms. Necessity forces i ti theni to make the other of their services, sj ? r I V?mmi*?in7if?rs to I Ci ana necessity iuiuc.-j v. accept thorn. It is now in South Carolina w 1 reproach to be a Teacher of a free school, ri as it is regarded jn imafocic evidence of a u want of q ualification. Men will not cm- r< bark in the business of education, from j si mere motives of patriotism. You cannot ! ti command superior talent and attainment, j c without adequate compensation. The | ti Lawyer, the Physician, and the Artisan, j I bestow not their labors grattuitiouslv, and i u , i .* . upon wnat principle of reason or justice, j u can it be expected, that lie who has quali- | r; tied himself, by years of severe toil, for the l a most useful of all professions, shall labor j c at a rate which will not supply the wants ; ? of nature? g Notwithstanding the annual npnropria- a tion of thirtv-scven thousand dollars, it is u yet true, that public education docs not receive from us the consideration to which I A it is entitled. Permit me to say, that it | c should he the prominent subject of your ti deliberations, until something is accom- s plislicd worthy of South Carolina. Tnc ti fund which is set apart for this purpose, I t< does not answer the end, for which it is j u intended. In many districts, it is drawn, d and not legitimately appropriated, aud in n many instances made the object of im- n proper speculation. I trust that you will n go on with the work which the last Legis- ' v lature began, and not he deterred by the | p difficulties which'attend it. In this mat- , s ter, we should not count the cost. Il is a J n fair occasion for experiment. If we are j a not prepared to substitute an entire new j ti system, there is no reason why we should j n . * I pertinaciously reject ail modification. It j a has been recommended to you, to create j c an officer, with a competent salary, to he i n v I called the Superintendent of Public schools, j t> This officer might bo elected tor one year, j i arid you will at least have the benefit of s his labors for that period. Lot him make | t the tour of the State, examine minutely j r the condition of the Schools in the sever- j al Districts, and report fully to the Logis- ! laturc, on all matters relating to the sub- is ject, with such suggestions as he may b Jeem proper. An amount of information a will thus be obtained, which cannot be f procured in any other way, and which will j t! be of great service, in any future effort to j a mature a system. With a competent officer, ! a some good would surely be done, and t upon such a subject sound policy justifies e the inconsiderable expenditure. Tor the financial condition of the S ate, t I refer you to the Reports of the Comp- p trollcr-General. and the President of the t Rank of the State of South Carolina. In j c these Reports there is matter worthy of t your most grave consideration. For some t years past the State has anticipated her ' income, and permitted her expenditures c to exceed it. To cover the deficit, the p funds of the Bank have been sei/.ed upon, and diverted temporarily from their logiti- I mate employment, bv which its operations ti are necessarily deranged, and its efT ctive i. power weakened. The increased ah- ii straction of its funds has given rise to well- j s founded alarm, in those who administer u its affairs, as well as to the officer who is at I w the head of vour finances. The C'omp- I e r i troller-General has forcibly exhibited the j v dangerous tendency of these measures to J ii cripple, and perhaps even destroy, the use- | b fulness of the Bank. The events of the j i< last year are pregnant with warning, and f t!ie President and Directors have with t proper earnestness and fidcli'y, ended v your attention to tliein. Amidst dit.icul- I ties and embarrassments unexampled in its f history, they have firmly met the crisis of p the past year, paid off $300 000 of the c State debt, and discharged with punctuality every liability presented against the State, e oj the institution. But whether the oth- 5 er heavy debts of the State will be met i s with equal punctuality, and the Bank con- ; c tintia to discharge all the other functions j e assigned to it hv the public, in its 1 iture r administration, must depend, in no small e degree, on your abstaining from the usS of its funds. Of its perfect ability to perform i t all that has been assigned it, if not far- I t ther iuterfered with, there can bono doubt, ii Its condition is sound?its business whole- g some and profitable; but these derange- ti mcnts of its operations may prove serious n impediments to its success, and even, in v the end, if continued, render it unable to o fulfil thneo onorn(Tpmont< for wllicll tllO V State has solemnly plighted her honor.? g Your attention is earnestly invoked to this s subject, in the confident expectation that p your wisdom will provide in time a rcme- c rfy, and protect, in ail its vigor, an institu- I t:on that shares so largely in the conli- f denee and favor of the State. t With the view of giving you as much d information as possible, in relation to our r Banking institutions, I addressed a circu- 1 lar to the respective officers, and have the ii honor to transmit their Reports, as an ac- !i company ing document of this message.? t I belcive I hazard nothing, when I say, e that they exhibit a comparitively sound Ii condition, and that the Banks of no State i< in the Union are entitled to higher confidence. The whole country has suffered y from the abuses of the Banking system, n 2nd it is not to be disguised, that in Soul h t! Carolina too, this tremendous power has si jeen directed to ends not legitimate. It s is not my purpose to wage war upon Ba nks, c Jut against their abuses. I would not de- c ;troy, but regulate them. Incorporated, h is they are, into our political institutions, si ind forming a most maierial part of them, j t! [ regard their annihilation, not as a bless- j i' ng, but the certain prcssage of wide-spread j p ruin. But Banks, in the presumed pleni- n tude of their power, should not be permitted to do as they please. Their chartered tl jrivileges give them no right to violate tl incred obligations, and perpetrate outra- n ;eous injustice. They have 110 independ- I mt corporate existence, apart from those tonditions, implied as well as expressed, sr ww.iu || m i W>ji hich gave them being. In the nature of w lings, a Bank can have no exclusive right I > sport with the demands of common jus- g1 ce, and it is a montrous perversion to 11 iy, that the Legislature ever intended to y onfer this extraordinary privilege. I i' ou!d not violate the sanctity of chartered S ghts, but I cannot sane: ion that doctrine w uiich places Banks entirely beyond the K 3ach of tlie Legislature. The recent w Lispension of specie payments, by most of a ic Banks of our State, calis for some de- o isive action. The legal remedy which e. ic bill holder has, amounts to nothing.? si 11 modern times, the refusal to redeem an ote, is a common Bank operation, and he u 1:1st he endowed with more than ordina- b y firmness, who will make the demand, ^ s he is sure to encounter the insulting, tl sntumacious spirit of a chartered gentle- si lan. It is your province to provide a- h ainst these disgraceful Bank suspensions,j ? nd your wisdom will suggest the mca3- c res best adapted to the exigency. k I herewith transmit the Report of the n idju'ant and Inspector General, and I aunot recommend too strongly to your at- w ention, our military system. A very ? Imht reflection onlvis necessary to show, n o _ J hut this arm of our defence has uever bocn tl oo highly appreciated. That people is a .nworthy of liberty, who is unwilling to b efendit. It is one of your highest and ' nost sacred duties, to maintain an efficient r< lilitia organization, as iu the rapid cur- h ent of events, no one can tell how soon v tc may be called upon, to exert our whole tl owcr in defence oi' our alters and lire- s; ides. The system of Brigade Encamp- v iierits, which was instituted a few years p go, with the view of improving our Alili- f ia, has worked well, and it is the unani- 1< nous testimony of every general officer, p nd of a vast majority of the field and i a oinpany officers, that sound policy de- 3 lands its continuance. It would he bet- a er, I think, to rcleivo every man of duty, 1 ban abolish tliis feature?to take our p tand at once against the whole system, c ban indulge in empty pretensions, and h idiculous mockery. If we are to have a b lilitia, let it be as efficient as possible.? h *o surer plan to effect this desirable re- u ult can be imagined, than to create a h ody of skilful and intelligent officers, who il re ever readv to lead our whole militia o _ orce into the held, and who, in a short d imo, can prepare it to meet successfully f nv enemy which miglit be brought p gainst it. To obviate a leading objection a o tlic system, the Board of Commission- b rs, appointed to make a Digest of the d rlilitia and Patrol Laws, recommended, v hat a moderate compensation should be |J aid to those who perform the duties of v he camp. The Board, upon an accurate t stimate, fixes the amount necessary for c his uurnose. at a sum not exceeding ten c r 1 ' w housand dollars per annum, and this sum t night be further reduced, by limiting the i? ompecsation to such officers as are com- p elled to serve by appointment. i The entire services of the Adjutant and t nspector General arc devote J to the du- I ies of his department. IV maintain our t! Encampment System, or to give efficiency, 1 11 any way, to our Militia organization, uch an officer is indispensable. The State ' on* enjoys the services of a gentleman , c dio is alike distinguished for military tal- I nt, and the promptitude and fidelity with h rhich he discharges his duty. Accord- s tig to the testimony of all who have the o est opportunity of forming a correct opin- c :>n, his salary is inadequate; and I respect- J-! ally recommend an increase to three v housand dollars. Impressed as I am, t nth the value of our Kucapment Sytem, s trnst that the Legislature will give it a I' nil and fair trial. Already it is becoming < lopular in the adjoining States, and some f them are following our example. * Receut events suggest to me the propri- v ty of calling your attention to a law of h ?U antnri',i:,(r tKfl 6!llf> f?f t.llH F nnitii vai?Miia) uu>vi mv wwiv v? ?..v . erviccs of white men, under certain cir- F uinstances. It is opposed to the enlight- J ned spirit of the age, espdcially to the ge- f iius of our Southern Inclitution3, and I v arnestly suggest its repeal. ^ A law of the last Legislature, regulating j] he Election of District Officers, is found 11 a operate a serious public inconvenience, c n one particular. This is in the mode of F [ranting commissions. Under the for- f tier, immemorial practice of the Govern- 11 aent, the return of Managers of Elections (ras forwarded to the office of Secretary c if State, the person elect filed his bond v rith the# Treasurer, and the Secretary c ;ave the commission. This mode was F implc, dirc?t, convenient, and never 1 roduced mischief. According to the on.stuction of Governer Noble, in which, t understand he was sustained by the Atorney General, the present law requires ( hat the return of Election should be made r ersonally to the Governer, and the com- 11 nission issue immediately from him.? } lis practice was in conformity to this op- 11 nion, and as the Governor of South Caro- c ina has no fixed residence, but a' sort of * ravelling Head Quarters, men have been v ompellcd to ride some weeks in pursuit of J im before thev could crct their commiss- c * u j DI1S. d It has been repeatedly recommended to ou, to require the Coverner to reside at 11 he seat of (Government. Sustained as P his measure is by the most obvious con- f [derations of public policy, it is really 11 trange that it has boon so long overlookd. To say nothing of the almost incon- v eivablo inconvenience to which persons, aving business with the Executives are n ubjccted, the most substantial reason for le enactment of such a law is to be found 0 i the fact, that the administration of P ublic justice is habitually retarded, aud a ot unfrequcntly prevented. I have the satisfaction to inform you 11 lat a Treaty has been concluded with le Catawba tribe of Indians, by the Com- rl iissioners appointed for that purpose, and h herewith transmit the proceedings. c South Carolina cannot be an indifferent >oefator of the "great political struggle 0 " ? >v-. *.. i v i'- ? hich is going on in our country. Never, believe, since the organization of our ovcrnment, has there been a struggle of iore fearful importance. For many, ears, she has forborne from taking part j i the election for President of the United i tates, because she could not have done so ithout comproniitting her principles, [er political position was peculiar, and it j -as right and proper, that she should not id in pulling into power, men wirt> were | nly known as enemies of her best inter- ! sts. At the late Presidential election, j ie refused to vote for either of the pro;nient candidates, preferring to hold herself ncommitcd, and judge the Adininisirat>n by its measures. Mr. Van Burf.x | ras elected, and it is not to he disguised, j eat she indulged toward him, feelings of I trong opposition. It is not necessary j ere to review particularly the causes rhich separated nor from his party. It is nough to say, that (ion. Jackson- forfei2d her support, by his practical abac, lenient of the conservative doctrine ofS.ate I'veroignty, and that Mr. Van Uuuex, ii ras believed, would tread in his footstep-,, tut the maxim of our State, is "principles, ?r?n " S'i-1 h.iq carefnllv watched he Administration, and iound it cssenti- J ily Republican. Whatever nnv liave >?en the grounds of former objection to Ir. Van Burex, they arc substantially cmoved. The party which supports im, has committed itself to principles diich she cannot repudiate, and unfurled hat flag, under which, if true to herself, he cannot fail to rally. The struggle rhich is going on between the contending arties, is essentially a struggle between Republicanism and Federalism. If we x>k at the elements of the self-styled Vhig party, we find peculiar cause for pprehension. Tiiat sagacious statesman, Ir. Jefferson, predicted that the Federlists would change their name, and under O , alse pretences, again attempt to get into owcr. It is even so now, and a party, xhibiling every hue and shade of opinion, as arrogated toitselfa name consecrated, y the most glorious associations, only, it 5 to he feared, for the purposes of impostre and delusion. While, as a body, it as made no exposition of its principles. Is prominent members, ia different parts f the country, have professed every tiling. The Convention which nominated General Fvnnisox, was composed of men of every ossiblo political complexion. The very ttempt to declare its faith, would have een fatal to the party. What then was one ? The most studious concealment \ ras agreed upon, and the members of the I arty generally, wore permitted to make j rhatevcr pledges they thought adapted to j he respective latitudes in which they livd. The most has been made of thisgraious privilege ; and I hesitate not to say, hat in the whole round of polilicial quest* ans, there is not one to which the Harrison j arty is not solemnly pledged, by some of J fc -irnm-ti/mf Inmtprj Who Will linrUVci ! WO j/lUWUUViH IVUUViW* - ? lie intricate web of modern W higgery ! j t is one tiling in Vermont, and another j hing in Georgia. It isT.iri T an 1 Anti- ! ["arid* Kink and Anti-bmk, Abolition a id I Lnti-Aboli'ion ; u all things to all 1110:1." it the North, it is Federalism, in its highst estate ; at the Souih, it is State Rights, t is certainly something singular, in the j listoryof this country, that a Convention j ho'.ild assemble for the important purpose ! f making a President, and refuse to da-! _ ^. I larc its principles. Can South Carolina 1 ;ivc her aid and sympathies to a party | ^hoso designs are thus hidden and mys- j crious? Is she prepared to buttle for. j he knows not what ? To forget her own I trinciplcs, and join in the wild and mad-1 lening cry of revolution ? But the present administration is most olemnly pledged to tiiose principles, rhich we hold as dear and sacred. We lave not only the pledge of -Mr. Van Ku- | >xr Knf u'hnf iu Ilif> unanimous I Ul) 1/141} I* llUb IV/ ?/'/ % vv/ J ? dodge of the party which sustains him. | The Convention, which nominated him , or re-election, took ils position boldly, and j without disguise. Pledged as it is to (he | loctrine cfstrict construction, and thcun- ! [ualined support of (he peculiar institut- ! ons of the South, we find in it nothing to ondemn, but much to approve. The i >o!ilicn) faith of that body, is the ihrh of he party throughout the country. There ! s no evasion, no subterfuge. The prin- j iplcs of Jefpeh 'ON constitute the basis | ?fits un:on. It i>: not for us to speculate j ipon the consistency of Mr. Van BuiinN, ! ?r ihc motives which placed hi.n an 1 his j arty in their present position. Thaconest is for principles, and we can he true o ourselves, on;y by giving him our councnance and support. There can be no good reason why South j Carolina should preserve an atattilude of leutralily ; but, opposed as she is, to the j notley combination which forms the | Vhig party, it becomes her to vote against ts monstrous pretensions. When we ontemplate the deep delusion of so many housands of the Southern people, we vaut words to express our astonishment. That so large a portion should have been nticed from their proper allegiance, and irawn into the support of a party which ias no affiliation with them, against an administration which at a period of peculiar eril, has pledged its whole power to the upport of our rights and interests, is a pollical phenomenon, which is rarely exhibied. But while wc regret this division, O 1 i xr 1ia?\o kr.t tlio dnv i<9 nnl far di.-j- i f C iUlimj IIV/J/U 1141*V H*V WV? J ?w ?* *>.f int, when the South will be united to a iao, on the ground now occupied by our itate. Threatening as may be the signs f the times, we will not despair of the Ileublic. There must be sufficient virtue nd intelligence in the people, to awaken hem, sooner or later, from the delusion nder which they labor. When General Iarbison comes into power, a brief peod, I think, will developethe character of is administration, and vindicate fully the ourse of South Carolina. In contemplating the present condition f things, nothing alarms me so much for ** ' * .4 Liai. > g i1' i-wu.m .m.m iiLiia;i?mujiiJUJUJWgi the stability of our political institutions, as f the growing corruption in our elections, t Tne monstrous frauds which have been i developed in many parts of our countrv, r roust awaken in the bosoni of the patriot, c emotions of the most painful character, t Oar only security rests in the purity of the \ elective franchise. If tnen arc to be sold f in the market like cattle, soon our countrv ( will not bo the nursery of freemen, but the s miserable abode of degraded slaves. From ( the peculiar nature of our political organ- i ization, purity in elections is iiulispcnsa- ' hie. Tnc sovereign power resides in the < people, an J if they become unfit for the < purposes of government, all is lost. Iam i sorry to believe, that throughout our coun- I try, the spirit of party has, to a great ex- I tent, taken the place of patriotism. Love of country is merged in parly devotion; j and under this fell influence, principle is i forgotten, the Constitution violated, the ' r!g!V3 of States invaded, and the public < morals tro ! fen under foot. It becomes i us, fellow-citizens as the people of oie of ill; soveroig i States of ibis Confederacy, to guard against this most destructive inil.truce, and do our duty to our common country. I feci assured that the present Presidential canvass, has been marked by deeper and more widespread corruption, than any former event in our history ; and that if the pure and virtuous of the land do not soon come to the rescue, we will, ere long, he involved in all the perils of a bloody revolution. Would I could believe that this was hut a picture of fancy, and not the sober dictate of reason. Though it be true that South Carolina has not reached that depth of corruption, which we find in the more crowded communities of other sections, she cannot claim exemption. There is AM -V? .\ tr? /Mil* nloof IAn J IW imu;i ail llll'l ll uy 111 uui vik/^uuiio) I which is discreditable to a virtuous and enlightened people. Too often wc see ignorance triumph over wisdom, vice over virtue. It is not to he disguised, that here, hun Ire Is sell their votes for money and for whiskey, and that, in many instances, he whose virtue and independence j preserve him from the common demoral-! izing practices of candidates, is hunted | down an I sacrificed as a victim. The I practice of betting on elections, is a most J prolific source of corruption. The most important of all theprivibgesof a freeman, j is converted into an occasion for ministeringto avarice and cupidity, and arous-j ing the worsest passions of our nature. It is a mdanaholy fact, that from the pettiest District Election, to the Presidency of the United S ates, multitudes arecontroled in their votes, by the pecuniary interest which I hey have at stake, and the highest '{'laliiications, and most brilliant services, are thus entirely disregarded. That man is blind indeed, who, upon reflection, does not perceive the enormity of the evil, and that we must fall beneath the ponderous m iss of corruption, which is rapidly accumulating, unless it is soon counteracted. I call upon every man in South Carolina, to exert his best efforts in preserving the purity of the elective franchise ; to take his at an I igiinst thai spirit of iioentiousness, which, in the name of freedom, is diffusing far an ! wi le its destructive influences. I , trust tint the poopieofoar beloved State, will give to this subject their calmest consideration; that an enlightened public ; opinion will purify the ballot box and that the day is not far distant, when he who I would offer a bribe to a freeman, shall be ! bran.la I with ir ioiniuv and disgrace. If our common Covornuient is destined to j [ fall, 1 ,-f us, to the l;wt, acq jii ourselves like men amid the general degeneracy, and prove i'i it wo are worthy of true and rational liberty. It becomes my duty to transmit to you a copy of the Preamble and Resolutions of" the State of Connecticut, in favor of the Protective policy, which were forwarded to mo with the request that they he laid before you. The Compromise, as it is called, will expire in 1842. In that Act, is the stipulation, that the revenue, from this source, shall be reduced to the limits ofa.i economical expenditure of the Government. The so!i:rni p! rlga is thusgiven, that no more duties shall be imposed, than are necessary t; defray our expenses: and according to our understanding of cue bargain, the principle of protection, as i distinct substantive power, is abandoned. | I must confess that I am not so muchsurj prised, as pai.ae 1 at this demonstration, on I the part of one of the Sovereign States of J this Confederacy, to fix again, if possible, j this odious system upon us. To this vioi lation of the Constitution, this act of wanI ton. delinurate injustice, aggravated by t'e ! recollection of our former arduous sirug- / gios against it. South Carolina will never consent. VVh m that day arrives, if it should arrive,! trust wo will be found coni tending against the common enemy with all the means which God and nature have i placed in our hands. May heaven spare i us a renewal of those scenes of agitation which lately shook the Union to itsoentre, and avert that necessity, which would force a Sovereign State to seek common justice, and vindicate her nlainest rights, bv the 1 <-* r strength of her own arm. In conclusion, lot me again invoke the blessing of Almighty God upon your deliberations, and humbly hope that he may guide you to those results which will most conduce to the peace, honour, and happiness of South Carolina. B. K. IIENAGAN. i The Olive.? Whenever the value of the Olive is fully understood in the Southern Sjction of the Union, wc may expect to see great attention paid to its culture.-? The importance of the product may be estimated from the various uses to which it is put. In Spain Portugal, the South of Prance, and many provinces bordering on the Mcditeranean, the Olive Oil is used in immenzo quantities, /<?rij}ing an excellent, substitute for butter, hogs lard, or any other kind of grease which is used in such quantities hi more Northern European climes, or in this country for preparing ' v\ - * i hi m m hi ;b ?a? cod, Thomas Jefferson said that of all ^ he gifts of Heaven to man,the Olive tree vas next to the most precious, if not the nost precious. He thought it might :laim a preference to bread, because here is such an infinitude of vegitables vhich it renders a profitable and combrtable nourishment. A single pound of Dlive Oil that can e bought for six or . (even cents, isequavilent to many pound? >f flesh, by the number of vegtables which t will prepare and render fit for food.? This Oil is palatable wholesome and easily ibtainedlt is singular that the tree has nev)r been introduced here in the South, where the soil and climate must doubtless >e congenial to its growth. Wherever the Orange grows, the Ollive will flourish ?being a hardier tree?and it wilt live for ages and bear abundantly. May we not hope that the enterprise of Louisana will soon cniich the agricultural products of the S:ate, by planting extensive orchard of the Olive.?N, 0. Bulletin, CII ERA WGAZETTEi " WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 2. -1'J Tee state Legm'ature met on monday .. week. We have no later intelligence than will be found in the subsequent columns. Congress was to meet on Monday last. G >v. Dudiy recommends to the Legislature of N. Carolina the increase of the Capital of the Bank of the state and the Cape Fear Bank $1,000,000 each, lie also recommends the erection of a Penitentiary, a Lunatic acd Orphan Asylums; and the construction of a raiL road from the Neuse river to Raleigh, and a turnnike from Raleigh to the m untains. He ^ further recommends the construction of a rail, road and turnpike, flanking S. Carolina, Irom tido water on the Capo Fear, West. The Governor's message which occupies* large portion oft'ie proceeding columns is greeted by a general ex predion of approbation, except the part of it which relates to the election of President. This of cours*, is not approved by those who dissent from the opinions advanced by the Governor. The moral tone of the message entitles it to high ccmmenda'ion; and the parts which relate to agriculture and the tree school system indicate much practical good sense on the part of the writer; an ingredient which, unfortunately too seldom enters into the composition of the character of our public men. A majority of Wings was elected to both branches of the Legislature of Georgia, but the m ij-?rity of senators is so small that owing to the detention of a few members at home tin. Democrat have a majority. This majority refuses to go m'o an flection of U. S. Senator, and tlie House of Representatives cannot force thorn to it. The Georgia Journal states that the Whig Senators have all withdrawn and loft the Democrats to themselves. The Democrats hope to gain the ascendency at tho next election, and then choose a senator of their own party if they can postpone the election. Resumption in Georgia.?There is a bil' before the Legislature of Gc rgia which provides that the Governor shall be required to issue a proclamation on the 1st of January, requiring the banks of the state to resume Bpecie payments as early as tho let of February. If any fail todosothe Governor im? mediately to institute judicial proceedings with a view to take away their charters. Tho Georgia Journal says the bill will certainly pass both houses. Newspaper editors are discussing the qtiPS. lion who is to compose the Cabinet of the President elect. But their light is darkness thus far. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. - -? n ii? ? Alabama ha* gone tor v an u uren uy a I majority of more than 4500. ' ? 4 .. Mississippi for Harrison by a majority I of about 2500. * Arkansas and Missouri for Van Baron. Majority not ascertained. Illinois for Van Buren. Majority about 500. The following are the states which voted for Mr. Van Buren: New Hampshire 7 votes; Virginia, 22; Missouri, 4; Illinois;. 7; S. Carolina, 11; Alabama, 7; Arkansas, 3; in all 60 votes. All the other states voted for Gen. Harrison, and cast 234 votes. Majority 174, out of 294. A convention of that fraction of *the abolitionists who go for the abolition of all government in family and state, re-? cently met in Bos'on, and at the open-, ing of the meeting, spent some time in arguing the question whether they would not be abridging their own natural rights and violating their fundamental principle, that no human government is lawful, by appointing a chairman. They finally determined to appoint one. Practice vs. Th eqiiy.-?Soon after ^ the Manchester and Liverpool railroad jp | England was put in operation, a Afr, Wood of Ivillingsworth, in a scientific book on railways, and the comparative | advantages of railways and canals, dcnionstalecL that it would require upwards of 70 horses to draw on a canal ata speed often miles an hour, a weight which was actually and regularly drawn soon afterwards, at that speed on the Paisly canal, by tico hordes. Pp.OFIT OF MAM'RE. We understand that a respectable planter of an adjoining district, formerly plant.