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* VOLUME VI By IB.MAC LEAS. Terms:?Published week'v at three dollar.*fca year; with an addition, when not paid within three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the paper at five dollars in advmce; anu ten at twenty. Four subscribers, n<?t receiving their papers in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten dollars, in advance. A year's subscription always due in advance. Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers in arrears. Advertisements not exceeding lf> lines inserted for one dollar the first time, and fif'y cents each subsequent time. For insertions at intervals of two weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar, if the intervals are longer. Payment duo in advance for advertisements. When the number of insertions is not marked on the copy, the advertisement will be inserted, and charged till ordered out. The postage must be paid on letters to the editor on the business of the office. jft ruiR rnpfpf.^rr^aiifr.. ^5ears' ve' TOOCI < =/;/ From the American Farmer. ADDRESS OP RICUOLAS BfDDLE, ESQ., BEFORE THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA COYNTY, ON TIIS8TIIOCT. Id40. [Conti lued.] Let us now sec what are the prices obtained for what is raised. Wheat is higher in England?flesh markets are higher. ^ O r* 0 But wheat forms only one-fourth of the crop ; and, on the other hand, the great staple, wool, is dearer here ; potatoes are twice or thrice as high here ; and therefore the English compete with us in our own market; turnips, cabbages, all vegetables are dearer; so, that, after all, takng the average, farm produce is not higher, or very little higher, in Eng'anJ, while all the materials of raising it ap> much higher there; so that, on the whole, f inning ought to be as lucrative in Ponnsyiva nu a> in England. With regard to wages, it may sound strangely, yet I believe it to be: rue. thaf the real interest oi'all farmcs i- tint wages should be high. and for this reason. A laboring man is not a ni to much ;e?a human pwr-box?into whose niou'h is p i'. a daily atimberof cents, never tor?app ar, but a living being, with wants and desires, which he will not fail to gratify the moment he possesses the means. If he can earn only ascaiiy pit ance, jnst enough to keep him alive, he starves on accordingly his food, bread and water ajialf fed, half-clad, wholly untaught animal, with a useless mouthful of caruivoro h teeth : hat if his wages increase, he instantly employs them in comforts, in clothes for himself / and family, and. as he rises in the scale ventures on the taste or meat. lie em p'oys a tailor, a shoemaker, a hatter, a batcher, ail I these in turn purchase the materials of their trade from the farmer himself. The laborer becomes thus a customer of himself, and the payor of oiher customers, and the farmer receives back with abundant interest, the diiference which lie advances in the first instance between high wages and low wages. It is for this reason that one of oar shrewd* est farmers used to say. Yes. give our la^ borers good wages, and they will buy our beef. Thus, too, the bounties of Providence go round a beneficent circle ; and after making the laborer better fed. be/ter taught, in short, a hotter man, the farmer himself is richer for tho very benefits he dispenses. Depend upon it, there is no surer sign of national prosperity than high wages; and God grant that for many a long year it may be the lot of our country, men, who subsist by the labor of their hands, to work well, to be paid well, and to live well. And now we come to the real reason why our crops do not equal those of England. It is, that our farms are all too large?for the means we employ in farm* ing them. Agriculture is the only pur???ii I L-nniv. where the owner docs not employ his capital in his business. He rents or buys a large farm, and then has nothing left to stock it with. He might as well rent a large store with goods enough to fill a single corner of it. In England, it is supposed necessary, before renting land, that the tenant should have a working capital, of thirty or forty dollars an acre, to employ. It is calculated that, besides lime and other enriching substances, 4he cost of the mere animal manures applied to the soil of England amounts to three hundred millions of dollars; being more than the value of the whole ofits foreign commerce. Yet rhe grateful soil yields back with interest all that is thus lavished upon it. And so it would do here, if we would only trust the earth w ith any portion of our capital. But this we rarely do. A farmer who has made anv money spools it not in his business, but in some other occupation. He buys more land when he ought to buv more manure ; or 7 he puts out his money io some joint stock company, to convert sunshine into tnoon^ shine ; or else he buys shares in some gold * mine or lead mine. Rely upon it our richest mine is the barnyard, and that whatever temptations stock or shares may offer, the best investment for a farmer is lice slock an '{ploughshares. Another defect of our farming is, that we do not raise sheep enough. Some years since, we were among the first to import the meriuoes, and to indulge in the wildness of that extravagance, until we had secured vast numbers of these highpriced animals, without any previous accumulation of roots to sustain them, aDd then found that we should have to purchase CHEI{Tv\ expensive food for them. That at once disenchanted u*. It was then seen that1 not only in palaces hu: in sheepfolds ,' a favorite has no friends.v T ie snthusiam i was succeeded with disappointment and disgust these unhappy victims were by sac-i rifice to the knife, fur no other crime than their appetite. We have not vet outgrown this horror?but it was entirely our own fault. There are many parts of the Shite where sheep would take care of themselves, in the woods, duriug the greater part of the vearand root crops would furnish cheap andwholesomc support the root during the remainder. And this leads to the great improvement which, of all others, we most needwhich is the multiplica ion of root crops. No soil can withstand a succession of grain crops ; and, instead of letting it fallow in order to recruit from its exhaustion, as was the old plan, the better practice now is, to plant in the same field a crop of roots- These draw their nour- i ishment from a lower region than the grain ? .1 crops do; they derive a great part of their | food from the atmosphere by their large' leaves, which at the same time shelter the soil from the extreme heats; they provide a fresh and juicy food for cattle during the winter, thus enabling us to keep a large stock, which, in addition to the profit of them, furnish abundant manure with which to return to the grain crops, Now this i ' i l L_ if .v. ..a ?nnrdmf. ) SilOUKI Ov O U~ Oil ji i-*tii jiu i \j\jiot ihviv ?... i tie,4uoro manure. then more grain. We cannot much err in the choice of these roots. Common turnips, Swedish turnips, mangel wurtzel, are all good, though in various degrees ; hut perhaps the sugarbeet will be found the best of all?not for the purpose, at least at present, of making sugar?hut as the most nutritious food for cattle, and the most milk-producing vegeiabie for cows in winter. These root crops will grow abundantly ; and what I shoal J especially desire to see is, that we would co lfi !o i 1 our long and mild autj .ins. and see if t :cy would no yield us a crop of roots pla i.e 1 i n 11 liaicly as the grain harvests were removed, so as to be ready by winter for the cattle. Another thing which we should strive 'o amend is. the u lfarmcrlikc and sloven. V app .arance of our fields. Clean culil| vatio.i is like personal neatness to an in- ; I lividua!?a great attraction to a farm : hut who can see without mortification our fields of Indian corn or potatoes, just as they are verging to maturity, out-topped *nafi-tiil vl by a rival crop of weeds, which seem waiting with impatience for the re- , moval of the real crops, when they and all tneir seed may take exclusive possession . of the ground! The rule of farming should be, never to let any thing grow in ( our fields which we did not put there; and [ i Lie value as well as the beauty of the crop . would more than pay the expense of re- ( Iimirmir lh(Wii nnvimis intruders. |, imsvi !? vuv^v O f Nor do wo pay sufficient attention to our gardens. Wo are too often content with a ?mall enclosure, where a few peas and beans and a little salad are left to struggle with a gigantic family of weeds? O O O O y not to speak of the frequent inroads from the pigs?and what can he saved comes at last on our tables the scanty companions of the masses of animal food which form almost our exclusive subsistence. For such a wilderness, how easy would it , be to substitute the cheap and wholesome luxury of many vegetables which would , grow without the least trouble, and, while , they gave variety to our tables, would di- , niinish ourexccessive andexpensivehiseof animal food ! Trie same want of neatness pervades the ext ;rior of our dwellings. We look in vain for the trim grass-pilot, the nice border, the roses, the climbing vines, and all the luxuriance of our native wild flowers. These cheap and easy works, which seem trifles, make up the great mass of enjoyments; they are the innocent occupations of the young members of the family?the elegaot luxury of them all; and they impress even a passingstranger with a sense of Luc tasteand ease of the fanner. In fruits, too, we are deficient. Our climate iuvites us to plant, and there is scarcely a single fruit which will not grow in the open air, and ali of them prosper with a little shelter. Undoubtedly there are insects which infest them ; but these, care wiii exterminate. Undoubtedlysomespecies are short-lived, but it is easy to provide a succession; and even many productions whirrh u-ft used to think uncongenial to I our climate wili Succeed if we will only try them. For instance, I am satisfied, from my own experience, that every farmer may have his patch of grapes quite as readily as he can his patch of beans or peas. He has only to plant his cuttings, as he would Indian corn, at sufficient distances to work them with the hoe-harrow. They will live through the winter without any covering, and with less labor than Indian corn, because the corn requires re-planting every year, while the vines will last for a century. He will thus provide a healthful pleasant fruit for his family use, or a profitable article for the market. 1 was about to name one more improve ment, but I hesitate about it?I mean the substitution of oxen for horses on farms. All the theory is in favor of the ox. He costs little, works hard, lie eat* little, and when we have done with him lie is worth J more than when wo began; whereas a j horse casts much, eats much, and when ! he dies is worth comparatively nothing. ' Yet, after, all, it will be difficult to bring I, .'ur I IM AKUhl.VV u the ox into fashion. He has a failing which, in this country, is more fatal than madness to a dog?he cannot" go ahead and it seems a severe trial for our impatient American nature to creep behind an ox-plough, or to doze in an ox-cart. And then there is a better reason, in small farms wherefboth oxen and horses cannot be kept, for the preference of the horse. The ox can do only farm work, and is utterly useless for the road. He is of no benefit to the farmer's family. We can neither make a visit with him, nor go to church with him nor go to court with him ; and if the present immense political assemblies are to continue in fashion, they would be like the buffalo meetings in the prairies, and it would be more difficult thin it now is in political conventions to find out whose ox gored his neighbor's. There was one caution which I would nave ventured to offci some years ago. against the indulgence of expensive habits of living, and an undue preference of things foreign over the fruits of our own industry ?hut which, I rejoice to think, is no longer necessary. Long may it continue so Simplicity and frugality are the basis of all independence in farmers. If our mode of living he plain, it belongs to our condition ; if our manures sectn cold, or even rough, they are at least natural, and their simple sincerity will gain nothing by being polished into duplicity. Though Italian mantelpieces and folding-doors are indis- ; pensable to happiness in cities, they are not necessary to the welcome of country < hospitality. ' If a finer gloss be given to < foreign fabrics, let us be con lent with the i simpler dresses which come lromour own < soil and our own industry ; they may not i tit us quite as well, but, relv on it, they ( become us far better; and if we must ( needs drink, let us prefer the unadulterated i juice of our own orchards to all exotic ter- < mentations?oven to that bad translation I n of rench of our own ci^cr? champaignc. i I have spoken of farms and tanning: 1 let me add a few words about farmer. I The time was, when it was the fas^'on to < speak of the Pennsylvania farmcr as a plodding person, whose proper represent- < alive was the Oonesteg.i horse byh'9 side ; 1 indifferent to the education of his children 1 anxious only about his large barn, and when the least cultivated part of the farm ( was the parlor. These caricatures, al- * ways exaggerated, have passed away, and ' the Pennsylvania farmer takes his rank a- I mong the most intelligent of his country- 1 men, with no indisposition for improvem- ' -'it beyond the natural caution with 1 with which all new things should he cou- i sidered before they are adopted. Put an * unwillingness to try what is new forms no 1 part of the American character. How can it be, since our whole Government is a a novelty ; our whole systsm of laws is uu- r dergoing constant changes ; and we are * daily encountering, in all the walks of life, 1 things which startle the more settled s iiahiis of the old world. When such no- ' vclties are first presented, the European 1 l.o^Lr L- nstur urltftt tho nn <st WOlllfl ? 11HJ1YO iv auv 'f ** i*??? .. , think of it?the American looks forward | to find how it will atfect the future; the 1 European thinks of his grandfathers?the ( American of his grandchildren. There 1 was once a prejudice against all these ? things?against what was called theory 1 . * L and book-fanning?but that absurdity has * passed away. In all other occupations, c men desire to know how others are getting * on in the same pursuits elsewhere ; they inform themselves of what is passing in the world, and are on the alert to discover and adopt improvement. The farmers have few of these advantages ; they do j( not meet daily at exchanges to concen- ? Irate all the news of commerce ; they have no factories, where all that is doing among 1 their competitors abroad is discussed; no I agents to report the slightest movements ( which may affect their interests. They * live apart, they rarely come together, and * have no concert of action. Now, this ( defect can be best supplied by reading 1 works devoted to their interests, because ( these may fill up the leisure hours which ! I might otherwise be wasted in idleness or 1 misemployed in dissipation ; and as some sort of newspaper is almost a necessary of I life, let us select one which, discarding ( the eternal violence of party politics, shall J give us all that is useful or new in our ' profession. This Society has endeavored J to promote such a one in the Farmers Cab- 1 " MAnfkli. nnnnv nvnliio!I'nlir fVPllnlPfi I mr;< 9 a uiwii mi } with the pursuits of agriculture-where we may learn what is doing in our line over all the world, at so cheap a rate that, for a dozen stalks of corn, or a bushel of wheat j or potatoes, we have a constant source of pleasing and useful information. I think, however that we must prepare ourselves for some startling novelities in farming. We were taught in our youth to consider fire and water as the deadliest foes. They are at last reconciled, and and their union has produced the masterpower of the world. Steam has altered the whole routine of human labor ; it has given to England alone the equivalent in labor of four hundred millions of men. As yet, commerce and manufactures alone have f'dt its influence, hut it cannot be that this gigantic power will long be content to j remain shut up in factories nnd ships. Hely upon it, steam will before long run oft'l the track into the fields, for, of all human ' employments, farm-work is at this moment the most dependeut on mere munual labor. ' Be not, therefore, surprised if we yet live ' i ?-1-!? ' to see some sicara-pioug;i inauuog iw < Mmwmmwxm H.UNBSUAV, Ut-CEJIU! 3red furrows in our fields, or some huge ingine, like the extinct mammoth, roving hroug'.i the Western forests, and mowing lown the woods, like a cradler in the iarvest-field. Wild as this seems, there s nothing in it stranger than what we have ill witnessed already. When Fulton and Jiiver Evans first talked to us about the steamboat and the railroad, we thought hem insane, and already we enjoy more hanthey ever ariticipated in their most sanguine mordents. One of these applijations of steam?the raising of water for igriculture?I have already attempted, in ny own small way. You know that the greatest enemy of our farming is the Iroughtofmidsummer, when all vegetation withers, and the decavincr erons rrmroach ' . J o ; r~ -~i is with suffering the magnificent rivers by :he:r side to pass away. In the southern climates of the old world, men collect with great toil the smallest rills, and make ihem wind over their fields?the handbucket of Egypt, the water-wheel of Persia, the toilsome contrivance of manual abor, are put in requisition to carry freshness and fertility over fields not wanting :hem more than our own. With far grea:er advantages, absolutely nothing has ret been done in that branch of cultivation; nay we not hope that these feeble means )f irrigation may be superceded by steam, vhen a few bushels of coal may disperse )ver our fields, from our exhaustlcss rivers, ibundant supplies of water ! All these improvements which may alorn or benefit our farms are recommenled to us not only by our own individual nterests, but by the higher sentiment ot >ur duty to the country. This is esseniallv a nation of farmers. No where else is so large a portion of the community mgaged in farming ; no where else are he cultivators of the earth more indepenlentormore powerful. One would think hat in Europe the great business of life was to put each other to death ; for so avge a proportion of men are drawn from he walks of productive industry and train3d to no other occujiation except to ihoot foreigners always, and their own countrymen occasionally; while here, the whole energy of all the nation is directed with intense force upon peaceful labor. \ strange spectacle this, of one. and one mly, unarmed nation on the face of the ?arth ! There is abroad a wild struggle )elween existing authorities and popular intensions, and our example is the comnon theme of applause and denunciation. It is the more important, then, for the far nors o! mis country to oe true to tneir own >rincij>lcs. The soil is theirs?the Goveminent is theirs?and on them depends nainly the continuance of their system. That system is, that enlightened opinion md the domestic ties are more stable guaantics of social tranquility than more orce, and that the government of the dough is safer, and, when there is need itronger than the government of the sword, fthe existing dissentions of the old world ire to be settled by two millions of soldiers, ill ours will soon be decided by two millons of voters. The instinct of agriculture s for peace?for the empire of reason, not >f violence?of votes, not of bayonets, ^or shall we, as freemen and members ol i domestic and fireside profession, hesitate n our choice of the three great master inluenccs which now rule the world?force, ;pillIU!I) txIJVJ "lllli VU / H *u^i/-vv/Aj he ballot, box, and the band-box. From the Tennesse Farmer. TRANSPLANTING TRESS. The proper seasons for transplanting >rnamcntal and other trees and shrubs, ire the months of October and Novem>er, and March and April. In this clinate, it is preferable that they be trans>lanted in October or November; in colder climates, it is best that the more ielicate shrubs and trees be removed in :he spring. Those which are natives of iountries colder than the one to which :hey are removed, may be transplanted iither in the spring or autumn; but ilants transferred to a less favorable climate should be removed in t|je spring, kvheu they are better calculated to support the change without injury, and receive every advantage that the warm season can afford. Treesand plants may ?e safely brought to this state from the Northern cities in the spring, and are not more liable to die on the way, than those :hat are native to our soil in being carried from one field to another. Choice fruit >r other trees can be obtained at the North, and if they are well packed, m tear need be entertained from the journey >f ten or fifteeen hundred miles. It it sur opinion that the peach plum and chcr rv, should be transplanted in the spring is they are naturally delicate in any climate. Any trees, however, even the most delicate may be successfully trans planted in autumn, if a little protection is afforded them by covering the rooU with straw, moss, or evergreen bushes, during the first winter. From the New Genneesee Farmer. STRAWBERRIES. limeys' Seedling.?This is the name ol i strawberry which was originated jn 1834, by C. Hovey, editor of the Magazine ol Horticulture at Boston. It is the resull ")fcros8 fertilization. It has now ha 1 a trill of three vears, and each season it hof r 7 drawn the premium of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society ! The editor says it bis advertisement, " Gentleman acquain % 'T* A ..f" - % ? V ' Z' + * w ? rttr, m* i KR a, >84a ' ted with allthe other varieties cultivated in ; ihis country, have jjseen the bed in full it | to be the largest handsomest, bestfiavored,; i most pro ductive, arfd hardy varictv, thev i bearing, aud they unhesitatingly pro-! i nounce uave ever seen." Plants are of-! fered at 85 a dozen. Hogs. To our correspondent who has more than once called our attention to the "Thumps in Pigs," we would say in answer to his last communication upon the subject, that we have lost two of the finest sows, a Beltz and a Berkshire. The first was found dead in bed, the other we found laboring for breath. We attempted to drench her with a solution of Glauber Salts, and strangled her to death. The third was found some days afterwards 'considerably swollen, with an evident thumping or fanning of the sid*s, greatly averse 10 move it increased the thumping or fanning of the sides. She refused corn and pumpkins for a day or two. We at length prevailed upon her to take a little meal in which we mixed a tea spoonfu" of Calomel upon her bowels, believing it i a '*gone case;" but in this we were most agreeably disappointed, the swelling of ; the abdomen subsided, and with it the difficulty of breathing; it may not be con i sidered unimportant to mention that she , was about 2 months gone with pig, and still carries them, and seems at the end of i twelve or fifteen days to he in perfect healih. We would suggest the propriety of keeping hogs out of water whilst under the influence of Calomel, and it would be better that their drink should be thin warm gruel, as this wi!l serve both for food and drink. J. Shelby. km??a?a?w?mj?w??? > GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE. Exloutive Department, ) Columbia, S. C. Nov. 24,1840. J 1 Fellow-citizens of the Senate, And of the House of Rcjtresenfalives: Since your last meeting an event of a most melancholy character has occurred within our borders. South Carolina has ' been cm'i.d upon to mourn the death of I her Co?ef Magistrate, the virtuous and patriotic Noule, who was cut down in uie vigor of ins days, with the fair prospect of many more years of usefulness and honour. Hut while we regret his ' untimely death, as a people's loss, we can cherish with pride, the recollection of his unobtrusive virtues, his deep devotion to his Slate, and the many willing honours which he received from his fellow-citizens. Discharging his duties in the vai ions puhi lie stations to which he was caned, with uncompromising fidelity, it is no unmcrii ted eulogium to declare, that few public men have enjoyed in so high a degree the esteem and confidence of the people, and left a reputation so dear to Carolina, liy a provision of the Constitution ot our State, at tiie period of his decease the duties of Chief Magistrate devolved upon me ; and in the further discharge of my duty, 1 address you ou the present occa! sion. We have abundant cause of thankfulness to the Almighty Disposer of Events, for the blessings which we have enjoyed during the past year. States no less than individuals, should be ready to acknowledge the divine goodness; and as the chosen representatives of the people, you will carry into your deliberations a sense of your dependence upon Hiin, and a spirit of sincere, unaffected, devotion to his will. Surely it cannot be suid that I do violence to the liberties of conscience, when I call upon you to bow before that God whom we all profess to worship ; to supplicate in earnestness and sincerity thai power by whose will alone nations stand, and at whose nod "desolation com eth as a whirlwind." As a people we have been peculiarly, blessed. Amid the general pressure of the times, we have sutfered but little, while thousands and tens of thousands of our fellow-citizens in other sections of the country, have been overwhelmed in pov- I erty and ruin. Go from neighbourhood fo neighbourhood, throughout our territory, anu, with the most inconsiderable exceptions, every where you meet the evidences of comfort and plenty. The problem is now solved, that with proper etfort the poor can become rich, and the rich richer, within the limits of Carolina. The spirit of emigration to the fertile vallies of the west, which drove so many ! of our people from their native soil, has in * a great measure subsided, and been suo cccdcd by u patriotic devotion, which ev5 ery succeeding year serves but to strength en. The lessens of dear bought experi> ence have not been without profit. The ' general ruin which has pervaded so many j > sections of the South Western and Wes- J * tern States, has tended greatly to satisfy 1 our people with their present home, and I 5 make tiicm look to industry and care, and ' not to the chances of speculation, for the means of improving their condition. It is matter of sincere pride, that our leading interest, Agriculture, is now attracting unusual attention. The fact is made manifest, that our lands, by proper culti\ vation, will yield an abundant product; ! and it is gratifying to know, that many t of the first minus of the State are now " devoting iheir energies to the subject.? 'i A.ready the imp>oveincnt in our system } j ol'cul . tation, is marked and decided, and 1 lauds. ..iiic.ii but a lew years ago, were! * ] regarded as valueless, are ranked among IT - ? * '+ i if-. . X3 .9 , V 9 0 ' ' * <3 NUMBl.K 3 the first in the Sta'e. A* an evidenceof the increasing interest in Agriculture I point von to the rece.it organization of a Central Society at this town, devoted to the subject, composed of our moot intel1 gent citizens in different sections, and the establishment of a journal under its auspices. It is no less a dictate of patriotism, than of interest, that we should bo as little dependent upon others as possible. In a strict sanse, we can never be said to be independent, so long as we look to other regions for the very food that nurtures and sustaia8 us. And though it is not . to be expected or desired, that the time will arrive when the intercourse wiih our neighbours, from an exchange of products will be arrested, yet it is manifestly true, that no consideration of policy requires that we should expend annually, hundreds of thousands of dollars, for articles that can be grown upon otirown soil, at a cost far less than that which we now pay for ? them. For many years a too exclusive , attention has been devoted to our great staple, Cotton. Blessed as we are with a great variety of soil, admirably adapted to the culture of many most valuable products, with the certain prospect of a success that will meet the wants of our own people, it is certainly in our power to lessen materially the heavy tribute which we pay to others. The indications of public sentiment abundantly prove that a wholesome spirit is now at work , and that a day of better things has dawned upon us.? Many of our planters begin almost to doubt the sanity of that man who will make his cotion, and buy every thing else. Many dissent from the hitherro received maxim, in our agricultural philosophy, that the most successful planter, is lie who sends the largest number of bales to his Factor. The modest and unpre* tending farm r, who makes every tiling that he wants and by a sure and regular surplus adds steadily to his property, has forced himself upon public attention, and contributed largely to dissipate the general an i n.i.chii vou8error. Men are now more engaged in making calculations upon the only safe basis, clear profit. It is gratifying io know that the occupation of a Planter, always respectable among us. ha9 risen in public estimation to a dignity not second to the learned professions. The strongest desire now pervades our community, to develope to the utmost, the a?ri- .> cultural and other natural resources of our State. Impressed, as I know you are, wiih the importance of this fundamental interest, you will feel it your duty to come to its aid, by all the means iu your power. As connected with this subject, permit - . mc 10 aireci your aueniiun iu mo uupui* tance of a Geological and Agricultural Survey of the State. This matter was brought to the notice of the Inst Legislature by Governor Nohl<? and the State Agricultural Society. I trust it will receive your mast serious consideration, as no measure upon which y^u will be called * to act, involves, in higher degree, the general interest. South Carolina should tint be backward in promoting the cause of science, by following the example of many S ates of our Union, as well as other pnxts of the world. Apart from the immediate or more remote advantages which are likelv to accrue to her from the accomplishment of this object, her reputation, as a liberal and enlightened Government, requires her lo respond to the claim w hich the rest of the < civilized world exerts upon her, to contrib'ute her proportion to the mass of information already accumulated. From similaf considerations States, poorer in resources, more limited in population, and whose citizens are engaged in employments loss likely to be directly benefitted by the devef opement of their physical resources, havo liberally undertaken and accomplished such projects. But South Carolina is an agricultural State, and it is a lamentable fact, that front the want of correct information, and from the natural desire for the greatest immediate profit, without reference to future advantages a large portion of her soil has been exhausted of its fertility, and thrown out of cultivation. A knowlevlge of the geological structure of our State, is the first and most essential instrument to arrest this devastation. By indicating thepossition of those calcareous and argillaceous deposites, which are know n to bo widely distributed throughout our borders; by teaching the modes of recognizing distinguishing, and applying them, in the varying circumstances to which they are adapted, means will be presented of reclaiming thousands of acres Ainvhaiwin/I In ml whifli are now a re Ui L.MlUUOll/U IUI1VI .. ... proach to our knowledge and enterprize. The exploration of Metallic Ores, is a matter of great importance. Two of these Iron and Gold, have received someattention. The ores of iron are widely distributed throughout our Stale, and many of extreme value have been entirely neg!ec? ted, in consequence of an ignorance of the deposits of those olher mineral substances, often to be found in their immediate vicinity, which are e-sentiai to their profitable working. Geld has been worked out to an inconsiderable extent, and to small profit. The development of the localities of iron, and its propeT fluxes, in thvr vicinity of the gold region, is very like* ly to give an impetus to the production of the latter metal, l>y causing the introduction of the Russian process of obtaining it, by smelting the ores in combination, v' * -V