Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, November 18, 1840, Image 1
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VOLUME VI
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^ BV ,* "i
; . M. SIACLEAX.
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Tx*ms:?Published weekly at three dollars, a
year; with an addition, when not paid within
three months, of twenty per cent per annum.
Two new subscribers in&y take the paper at
fire dollars in advance; and ten at twenty.
Four subscribers, n??t receiving their papers
in town, nay P*JT ? year's" subscription with ten
dolturs.Sn advance.
A year's subscription always doe in advance.
Pipers not discontinued to solvent subscribers
In aresrs.
Advertisements not exceeding 16 lines inserted
for one dollar the first time, and fifty cents each
subs<M)irent time. For insertions at intervals of
two Weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar,
if the intervals are longer. Payment due in ,
.advance for advertisements. When the nuuiher I
of insertions is not marked on the copy, the
advertisement will be inserted, and charged till
ordered out.
ID" The postage must be paid on letters to the
editor on the business of the office.
valuable cattle.?We have had an
opportunity to inspect the extraordinary
cattle, horses, sheep, and hogs, brought j
out in the ship Philadelphia, Cupt. Morgan, i
from London; and it is with no ordinary !
pleasure we state that the importation is ;
one of the most valuable to our country at j
large that we have ever known to arrive j
0* here from Europe. It consists of the fol- j
lowing ?
Matchless, Hereford Cow, formerly Spot
?first prize cow at the Royal Agricultural
Society, against all England.
Vnnna Prim. 1 vear old Hull, Here
- ~?O ~ - ?* - -
ford, sou of Matchless?shown with his
dam.
Martha 4 year old Cow, Hereford.
Ellen, 5 " 44 44
Lucy, 1 44 Heifer, 44
Primrose, 1 44 44 44
Rarity, 1 44 44 44
Perfection 1 44 44 44
Catharine, I 44 44 44
Eliza. 1 " " $ linlfHero. &
tU2a* 1 I half Dor.
. Cherry, (> 44 44l)*irh:uii.
Charv, 2 44 44 44
CatSbl. Clt. I year old Sampson.
Cart mare, 6 do. Flower.
Neapolitan Sow, Mrs. Trollop and her i
family of 8.
Berkshire Boar?Capt. Marratt.
Berkshire Sow?Molly.
44 44 Betty.
44 44 Susan.
44 ' 44 Sally.
Neapolitan Sow Hannah.
19 Cots wold Bams.
Total cost, ? 2,739 9s. Od.
the cow Matchless is probably the linest i
of ihe kind that ever came over. She i
took the the prize at the groat show at
Oxford. She cost, landed here, about $1- j
10J. Mr. Webster who saw her at Oxford,
and again here previous to her lining
landed, spoke of her as one of the finest
animals he had ever seen.
The mare Flower is one of the largest
ever brought over, and the stud is or tnc
C ' |
sainc character; they arc intended to ini- :
prove the breed of draft horses. It is well
^ known that those horses draw two tons and
upwards.
The Berkshire Pigs are ofa class which, 1
for form and symmetry, are not to be surpassed.
Tne 19 Cotswold Sheep are of the ;
largest and ti a est kind: thev shear from
O ' ?
10 to 17 pounds of wool, and are celebra- !
ted for thcr mutton.
It is not necessary to describe every i
animal, alt hough they richly deserve a full
notice.
The importation docs great credit to
their entcrpriziag and public spirited owners,
who are Erastus Coming, of Albany,
and Win. H. S&utham, of Jefferson Co.,
N. Y. The latter gentleman went purposely
to Europe to make this selection.
Besides the trouble and risk he has incurred,
he has paid for them upwards of
313,009, landed here. The introduction
of a choice and xaluable stock, from the
best farms in England, is of the highest 1
importance to our country at large, as it
enriches all; and the gentleman who have
hnd thnontnrDrift* and nuhlic snirit to make
this in vest in jut, deserve the thanks of the
public.?y. F. Spirit of the Times.
j
Ri le for Ascertaining the weight of
i
Cattle,Siieep and Hogs.
In the u Cattle Keeper's Guide" there is
at short and easy method given to find
the weight of live stock, which will be of
considerable utility to breeders. Let the
animal stand square, put a string just behind
theshoulder blade ; then put the string
on the tail so as to form a plumb line with
the hinder part ??f the buttocks; direct it
along the back to the fore part of the
shoulder-blade; teke the dimensions 011
the rule as before, which is the length, and
. work the figures iin the following manner; '
T girth 6 ft. 4 in., 'length 5 ft. 3 in., which
multiplied together make 33 1-3 square
superficial feet; that again multiplied by
23 (the nunibor of pounds allowed to I
each superficial ioot, for an animal measuring
not less than five nor over eight feet 1
in girth) makes lbs. Where the an- j
iiual measures let* than 9 and over 8 feet
in girth, 31 is the number of pounds to
each superficial foot. Again, supjwse a
pig or any small beast should measure 2
feet in girth, and two feet along the back,
which multiplied together make 4 square
feet; that multiplied by 11, the number of
pounds allowed for each square foot, when
cherTN
the measurement is less than three feet in
girth, makes 44 lbs. Suppose again, a
calf, sheep or hog, should measure 4 ft. 6
in., in girth, and 3 ft. 9 in., in length,
which multiplied together make 16 3-4
feet, that multiplied by 16, the number of
poundsallowed to animals measuring less
than five feet and more than three in
girth, makes 268 lbs. The weight of
cattle, sheep and hogs may be as exactly
taken this way, as is at all necessary for
any computation or valuation of stock, and
will answer exactly to the four quarters
sinking the offal; which every man if he
knows a few of the first rules of arithme- j
tic and can get a bit of chalk and a string
can readily perform. A deduction must,
be made for a half-fatted beast, of one i
pound in twenty, more than from a fut
one; and from a cow that lias had calves
and is only half fat, two pounds in twenty
must be deducted.
DEEP PLANTING.
A patron of ours informed us a few
weeks since, that while taking his fodder,
he discovered a great difference in appearance
between two peices of corn, which
were planted at the same time, and in the
same kind of soil. The fodder on one pcice
of ground dried up so fast that he could
scarcely get through with stripping it before
it was entirely burnt up, to use the
common phrase. On going to the other
peice, he found it green to the groud, and
in good plight for stripping. He was
struck with the difference in the two lots
of corn, and ou reflection recollected that
on getting ready to plant his corn in the
spring, he run a furrow with a large shovel
or barsharc plough, after which he followed
with a small plough called a bull tongue,
running it pretty deep in the same furrow,
till he got perhaps half over the peice,
when he concluded to plant the balance in
the single furrow, and discontinued the
use of the bull tongue. The result was,
that the part planted deep in the opening
made by the small plough, where the
larger one had previously been run, pror
dueed a third more fodder, and of a better
quality than that planted in the shallow
mark made by the large plough alone;
besides the great difference there must he
in the weight of the corn, the latter drying
up too fast of course to make a proper
article for bread. This should be remembered
by farmers, and the evil of shallow
planting avoided, especially since all seem
to think the seasons arc shorter, and much
drier than formerly.
Southern Cultivator.
From the Southern Cabinet.
ox tub cultivation of tine plains.
Mr. Editor,
"A Subscriber" in the March No. of
the Southern Cabinet, under the head of
Pink Plains, asked for information as to
the best manner of tending his lands?
the kinds of manure best adapted to them
?the best method of ploughing them, &c.;
and an -Up-countryman," who professes
to know something of the nature of soils,
advises him. in the first place to emigrate
to the up-country?or, if he does not
choose to do so, to add one-half or twothirds
of clay to his soil. Perhaps, the
"Up-countrvnian," who attachesso much
value to clay, has some worn-out upcountry
lands to sell him, upon which
nothing but clay remains, and I would
advise the Pine-plain planter to hold on
to his sand, or he may illustrate the truth
of the old proverb, and "swap the devil
for a witch."
It has been my fortune to cultivate
lands where the clay is mixed with the
surface, or lies but at little depth beneath
it; but I have seen much sandy land in
*
cultivation, arid bestowed some attention
upon the methods of tending it, and I hope
to be able to give the planter on Pine J
planes more comfort than he has received
from his friend from the up-country. '
In tin; lirst place, I w<JuId advise the
Pine-plain planter to get open, if he lias
not done so, three times as much land for
Cotton as he can tend in one year, and
twice as much land for corn, and adopt at
once the system of resting his lands.?
When lands have been much injured by
what the Pine-land planter has been
pleased to term the "skinning system,"
but which might more properly, perhaps,
he called the gutting system?or when the
soil is of a light sandy nature, two years
rest and one one of tilth is better for Cotton;
hut as such lands usually after two
years rest, grow up in fennel and broom
grass, they should he fallowed carlv in the
i *
fall, (and ploughed the same way the Cotton
beds are afterwards to run,) or listed
away early in the winter if they cannot he
fallowed, which last method is fur prefer
-i i ll- j.
able, as it incorporates I lie vcgciaine inmtcr
ploughed under with the soil, and prevents
the injury to the roots of the Cotton
plant mixing with the coarse undecomposed
matter in the list.
If this system is persevered in for some
years, the soil must he very ungenial if it
will not permit the ultimate system of one
years cultivation and one of rc?t. I do
not think that breaking up land for Cotton,
in sandy lands at least, is beneficial any
time after the first of December, but positively
injurious, as the Cotton plant never
grows off well when the tap-root can play
about in a loose and porous bed.
The Pine-land planter's progress in improving
bis soil will'bc greatlv increased
of course, if he will assist the system of
rest by adding compost manure; or plant
..if
X" ~ "<+oM *? ^
m 'UMIMTHAW
V. sol IH-CAKULI-NA \\
ing Pea-vines, to be ploughed under ear- \
ly in October, after the second year's rest.
Above all,* let me tell hira not to plant
more than he can tend carefully in any j
season however adverse.
With respect to the corn-crop, have a
change of land, and manure the part plan,
ted every year very highly. Six acres t#
the hand will if well manured and carefully
tended, be enough to support the
hands and horses required to work the j
crop, and enough for the usual proportion 1
about a plantation who eat all and work j
none. It may be said that six acres of
corn is too small a crop on such land as 1
that under consideration, and it may beso 1
at first, but if the system I recommend be 1
fully and fairly carried out that number of 1
acres will, in time, be more than sufficient. 1
He has been told to use mud and i
muck as manure, but mud al>out Pine- <
plains is thin and unfcrtilizing. L^t mead- j
vise him to make all the manure with his )
horses and cattle that he can. Pine-straw \
is an excellent recipient for animal ma- <
nures. If he can find oak-leaves con- <
venient enough, I would say, put in the i
stable-yard and cow-pens a layer of Pine- ]
straw two feet thick or more, just after the
manure is hauled from the yards in the <
winter and spring, and after the crop is j
laid by continue to haul in oak-leaves on
I ovorr u-nf rlnu (nr tn bo rlrif rtnoq if the I
wet do not occur often enough,) during
the whole winter, and he will have, with ]
his Cotton seed, enough manure for his 1
Corn and some for his Cotton.
In offering this plain advice, let me add, '
that it is no sally of the imagingtion, hut
the result of some experience and informa- 1
tion on the subject. I have been accurately
informed that there is now in Sumter
district a plantation of great value, i
which was once a barren Pine-plain such
as "A Subscriber" describes his to be,
which was bought up at twenty-five cents
per acre, (and perhaps even less.) and
now by dint of perseverance, rest, and
manure, I am told it canoot be purchased at
twenty dollars an acre. In my own neighborhood
there is another instance, where
a. Pine-land plantation was sold many
years ago for a mere trifle, and the former
owner said, after foolishly parting from
his birth-right for a mess of pottage,
'Well, I have had the cream?I don't
care who gets the bonny-claubcr,"?and
now at this moment there are several
hundred acres of Corn growing on that
very plantation, from which the cream
had' been sRtmmcd twcniv.ive years ago,
which (notwithstanding the unpropitious
season) will, I have no doubt, produce
from twenty to thirty-five bushels per
acre.
"A subscriber" also asks for information
about ploughing. Let him cultivate
his cotton with the sweep, with the right
wing turned so as to throw up earth to the
Cotton?and in Corn,breakup the boxes
deep with the old shovel, and afterwards
use the sweep I have just described,
until the Corn is made, and he will not injure
it with deep ploughing.
In dry weather it is difficult to injure
Corn with any kind of ploughing in wet
weather deep ploughing in sandy land is
_<V A- ? .tn.i> AUfinuu I
I OIICI1 Icl til I IU l/Oril, 1UI HIC TCI y U1MIVUO I
' reason, that in drv weather the roots of1
9
I the Corn run down in search of moisture |
and are not easily cut but in wet weather i
they play about near the surface and are
greatly exposed to the plough.
"A Subscriber" also asks about orchards
on Pinc-plains. That is a small
matter; and I know but little on the sub- j
ject. Cotton.
Orange Pariali.
From the New England Farmer.
MANVRKS.
Experiments are reported as having
been recently made in England with salt-1
pctre, with much success. In the cases j
referred to it was applied to wheat but its
application to other crops has proved
equally favorble and encouraging. It is
not a new experiment. We know several j
cases in this country of its successful ap- j
plication, of which we shall speak hereaf- j
ter; but we shall give the experiment now J
referred to in detail, because it seems to:
have been made with considerable care, !
and its results are professedly given with j
exactness.
The Harleston (England) Farmers' j
Club put it to their members as a Subject of
the highest moment, to make exact observation
and experiments with various manures.
Certainly no matter connected
with the improvement of agriculture can
be of more importance.?At a recent
meeting the subject of saltpetre was discussed.
Various experiments were rcpor
ted. We select one of the strongest cases,
they say, "the application of salpctre
as a top-dressing to wheat after peas, on
alight land with a gravelly subsoil."
" One hundred weight per acre was
sown by hand on the 6th of April, and to
prevent any error which might have arisen
from a difference in soil of one side of
the field from another, the saltpetre was
carefully applied on every two alternate
ridges. The crops were reaped, stacked,
and thrashed separately ; and the result
was an increase of six bushels of wheat,
and upwards of two and a half hundred of j
straw per acre, obtained at an outlay of
I 27s, sterling onlv, as follows :
St% lb.
Produce per acre of wheat
which had been manured
with saltpetre, 1G0 2 1-2
em i
nmwmmwmmi
liDNKSDAY, NOVES1BEI
Produce without saltpetre, 133 121-2
al
Increase, 26 4 fi<
Produce per acre of straw Ciet. St. lb. c<
with saltpetre, 23 4 13 of
" " ? hi
without saltpetre, 20 7 8 lo
st
Increase 2 5 5 pt
Cost of the saltpetre was 27s. sterling at
aer cwt. The wheat of course was winter c<
kvheat, and it was sown broadcast. A lb
done is 14 lbs. w
The society proceed to report:?" It is st
:he unanimous opinion of this meeting, ai
:hat saltpetre is a most valuable addition
:o our list of manures. Strong evidence
las been given of the benefits conferred
!>y it on wheat, clover and other layers,'
ind tares on light land ; and on clover lay- ?1
ers on heavy land: in each case the salt- P'
petre was applied in the month of April, C1
and at the rate of one hundred weight per 84
acre. The effect would probably be increas- Ir
ed (but this is at present unsupported by V
evidence) by applying only half the quan- ?
tity of saltpetre at first, and the remaining P
part a few weeks afterwards." ^
The experiments which have come un- J
der our own observation, have been upon d
grass and wheat. The effect upon grass g
was quite remarkable. The wheat was a
in a growing state ; the saltpetre applied A
when six inches in height; the quantity c
pdr acre not noted ; the difference between o
the part not dressed with saltpetre and that
to which it was applied was obvious and i<
striking ; the wheat was then in flower; it
was intended that the result should be ac- tl
curatcly observed; and we hope presently p
to be put in possession of it. tl
Any person of common observation, tl
and at all interested in such subjects, can- tl
not fail to observe the immense qunatities is
of manure which are absolutely thrown a- u
way on our farms, in ouj cities, and about ri
our roads and buildings. What a blessing A
it would be, if we had something of the re- j<
ported frugality of the Chinese, on the w
score of cleanliness and health, as well as t
in'.crest. How few farmers ever think v
of saving their soapsuds. We fear, with- c
out meaning any reproach upon the gudc v
housewives, that some of them do not hear b
of such a thiug as soap suds as often might c
be useful! But how few ever think of A
saving and applying it; and yet it is a t
most valuable manure; and by having a a
vault or pool in which todeposite a pile ot c
loam, or large heap of earth, by regularly e
throwing the contents of the wash tub up- v
on it, it might beconverted into the means t
of jgrcatly enriching the land ; and what n
tens upon tons of the most valuable liquid t
manure, by a little pains-taking and con- c
trivance, might be obtained in the city, by 1
farmers, who are now willing to come four t
and six miles and transport fire-fang ed t
and dried horse manure at a cost, before it b
reaches their farms, of six and eight dol- t
lars a cord. c
The French arc now taking great pains a
to save the water in which the wool is
washed at the woolen factories, full as it is J
of soap and animal oil, and find k a most 1
valuable application to their lands. We c
have long known the value of the refuse >
wool; and we have stood by the mill-shute t
in Lowell more than once with feelings of f
serious regret, when we have seen the <
wash from their woolen factory, full of en- c
riching matters, mingling with the'waters >
of the river and passing off into the ocean, c
as so much valuable material absolutely o
thrown away. a
Our highly respected friend Dement, of 2
Albany, has made some very successful v
experiments with hogs' bristles, applied in ?
nnfntoe hills and in other forms. lie f
speaks of their beneficial effects as quite v
remarkable ; and we promise ourselves the v
pleasure of hearing from him on this and p
the use of various other manures, in which t
he has been experimenting. Wc can con- p
fidently rely upon his observations and ex- li
perinients as intelligent and exact; and the t
results which he gives under his own hand, c
as certain. i
i
EXTRANEOUS MANURES NITRATE OF SO- J
DA. r
From tho British Farmer*' Miigizine. a
It is reported, that a remark was made J
by Lord Kamos, 90 years ago, that such
improvcmcuts would be made in agricul- *
tural chemistry, that sufficient manure e
for an acre would one day be carried in a c
man's coat pocket; and that a trite answer 1
was made to the remark, that the produce r
from such manuring would then be brought
awav in the waist-coat pocket. Now al
* # J
though this period has not yet arrived, e
yet something approaching to the. small 1
quantity of manure necessary to give vigor
to an acre of wheat, has been proved on c
Guilford Downs during the past year ; not *
that this kind of manure alone was taken c
up by the crop, hut that it formed a great 1
stimulator to the extra growth there cannot !
be a doubt; bringing into activity probably 1
some latent manures lying in the ground ; J
for a strong alkali will convert oleaginous
i n
matters in to saponaceous consistency, and c
in that state becomes soluble in water : J1
hence it is taken up by the spongelets of
the roots in a liquid state. Those persons s
who consider quantity necessary in manu- s
ring ground arc sadly mistaken, intimate 8
mixture with the soil, and capability of
becomiug ready soluble, being necessary
points for consihpration. In Mar'ch, 1839, {)
Mr. JobnRyds, baililf to Frcdering Man- s
gles, Esq., of Down Farm, Guilford dressed
over many acres of wheat with 11-2] a
.
II 18, 1840.
>vt. of nitrate of soda to the acre, leaving
lout half an acre in the middle of the
sld undressed. The difference in ^le
)lorof the wheat was seen in the course
' 10 days; when nearly ripe, the straw
id the appearance of being 9 or 10 inches
ngcr than the other part, and much
ronger; at reaping seven rods of each
irt were measured, cut, and kept scpar:e
; the nitred part produced 24 sheaves
mtainingll gallons of wheat and 54
s. of straw; and where the seven rods
ere not so dressed, the produce was 16
leaves, containing C 1-2 gallons of wheat
id 40 lbs. of straw.
From tho Cultivator.
44 Beat this if you can."
Messrs. G^ylord & Tucker?I conuded
the few remarks I appended to the
irtrait of the heifer 44 Oneida," by refernce
to a sketch in my portfolio, made
>mc time since from a large lubberly annal,
whose owner considered him the 44 we
lus ullra" of calves. I now send you
te portrait on the block, ready for Mr.
case, and ifhedocsmo as much justice
3 he did in cutting the bull44 Pallimore,"
shall be satisfied. I was originally inuced
to make the drawing to oblige the
entleman who bred this young giant and,
fterwards preserved it, because it so well
lustratcd a particular "point" whicl^ I
onsidercd almost inseparable from certain
thcr general form and qualities, of all
diich this calf was an excellent illustrat>n.*
His head was round, short and vulgar ;
lie neck heavy, and shanks coarse; the
oints of the shoulders large, projecting ;
;ie blade bone thick and laying out full;
ic crops low, with a deep hollow behind
ic shoulder; the body very long, and, as
i then too commonly the case, not ribbedp
close; tbc hind quarters short, the
innps low, the buttocks large round, the
ank thin,and the hind legs rather crooked;
>ints big, and hair harsh, but it was red,
rith but few white maiks about hiin.
I^re was size enough, and he claimed to
reigh 614 lbs. at six months old; still I
onsidercd it in an unprofitable shape, for
?uth that particular form I had usually
ound the following qualities :?an iron
onstitution, a hard muscular covering of
lesh interspersed with very little fat, a
hick hide, poor handling, slow feeding
dd no proof, f Such animals preserve a
crtain amount of muscle undjr the hardst
usage, and add but iittlc of value to it
vith the most generous feeding ; you find
hem 'always fleshy but never fat;" it
nay therefore be readily conceived that in
he starved herd of the niggard, who calculates.
as a matter of course, to "tail up"
lis cattle in the spring, that such a description
of beast would be invaluable from
he mere fact that he can " get up alone ;"
rat in the yard of the farmer, who from
Kjtb humanity and interest, feeds asutliciency
of hay to his stock, he will be found
i most greedy and profitless consumer.
I will now ask the attention of the Short
lorn breeders to this said jtoiiU, before aluded
to?which, meet it where I will, my
,experience and observation has led me to
iew with much jealousy, nor is my disrust
laid to rest, by either pedigree or
>retension, however high or however condusivc
these may appear to the minds of
>thers. I allude to the " os-sacrum" when
t forms au uneven line., in continuation
>f the hack and loin, just before the setting
n of the tail; for with this peculiarity small
us it may seem, most or all of the other
haracteristics, as seen in the drawing,
vill be combined in a greater or lesser decree.
()ji examination, this bone in the
>resent instance, will be found to be sonic*
vliat rising as well as uneven and short,
vhich obliges the tail to spring from a
>oint nearer the loin, thus shortening
he hind quarter; the .bone at the
? ? 11 olo/\ 1 ?A rTM in/]
mini ui me: lump nui uisw u*> ivuu<i
arge, round ?ind bare of flesh, as
hough the skin were stretched tightly ovrit;
and when in ordinary condition, it
s without a particle of that soft interposng
fatty substance, so indicative of a kindy
feeder and good handler ; and yet I
nust confess I have seen it in American
nimuls claiming to be of the purest Ilerd
look family, and for which liberal prices
lave been paid. I am, however, inclined
o believe that this particular form, together
with the big buttocks, resulted from the
inrlier crosses of the Yorkshire and Holdirness
blooil, and docs not belong to the
norc improved animal of the present day.
But to return to the question of sizes,
am aware that the prejudice in favor of
^rcat productions is very strong with the
igriculturist, and the numerous instances
nay arise at once to his mind, whore great
excellence and great size arc combined ;
hese I must beg leave to consider as the
exceptions; the rule being, in my opinion,
hat a monstrous calf makes a coarse, un>rofitab!e
animal, long in arriving at luaurity,
slow in feeding, and carrying great
iflal. In these views I am the more con
irmed by the experience of others, as 1
bscrve that in nearly every case of im rovements,
the size of the original breed
ins been reduced; it would therefore
eem as though early maturity, beauty of
y mine try, reduction of offal, and rapid
;rowth has only been attained by diminuion
of superficial size.
* Although wc cannot transfer thocw/ to our
aper, the urtiele contains useful hints and ob~
srvatious, for which we copy it. Gaz.
Proof is a butchor's term used to express t!io
unount of tallow obtained from an auiniaf.
. ?SP
i
^ ?..
i?? ?fl
Numberi |
Bakcwell, in producing his celebrated I
breed of sheep, diminished the size of the
Le ices tors; and I believe the subsequent I
improvements mqde on the Lincoln, Cot- ?
swo'.d, and other long wooled sheep, by
the Dishley cross, resulted in a more compact
animal, though often times more reduccd
in apparent size than in the actual
weight of meat." The improvement of the
" long horns," by the same breeder resulted
in the same attendant circumstances ;
and the " New Leicester or Cravens" occupied
less space than the old breed. Colling
did likewise when he made improvements
on the Tceswaterand produced the
" Alloy." And I jiave been informed by
a very intelligent observer, who is we'd
acquainted with tbo subject, that, when
lately on a visit to Thomas Bates, Esq, of
Kirkleavington, (who has perhaps more
fully carried out Mr. UoTIfngs principles
of breeding than,any other individual,) he
found nothing at first particularly striking j
in Mr. Bate's herd of Short Horns!?on
the contrary he even thought then deficient
in size and wanting in attraction! but
| on a closer examination, their excellencies
I grew upon him, they were Justin all their
proportions, their symmetry so perfect,
their substance so great, with sucn compactness
of form, and shortness, of leg,
that they proved to be large animals in a
small compass; aud my friend's eye, soon
becoming corrected as to their true size,
rested with increasing admiration on the
herd before him ; nor did he longer wonder
at the successful exhibition of tbie stock
of rrmnt OvtnrH mftfitini? iii 1830. when
it beat the best short bora herds in England.
In speaking of the course of Mr. Bate'* !
breeding, I would not be misunderstood;
for that gentleman was not the copyist but
the cotemporary of Mr. Colling, with
whom he lived on terms of friendly kitercourse
; and as breeder*, they indulged &
free interchange of view s and opinions. It
was not, therefore, surprising that they arrived
at the same conclusions, pursued
the same means, and aimed at the same
results. Those who feel an interest in
these subjects will find much, that is carious
and instructive in a close examination
of Mr. Bate's course of breeding; which
may be done by reference to the Herd
Book, and by a little subsequent arrangement
of the materials he will there find-?
such an investigation is the better worth
pursuing since the awards of tbe^Royal Agricultural
Society in 1839, have borne
such ample testimony to its success* Those
who make this aualysis may have to acknowledge
that " close breeding," in competent
bounds is the name of the science*
whereas it is the ruin of the novice, or indeed
of any but the most experienced and
skillful. K.
Butternuts, Otsego co. Aug. 19,18411*
From the Agriculturist
DISADVANTAGES OF FEEDING ENTIRELY
ON DRY FOOD.
Horses and cattle fed on chipped oats oats
or rye straw in its dry state, will obstinately
refuse to lake up all that is put in I be troughs
and what they consume will be less nutricious
than when slightly fermented. The process
is the following, to feed on a cheap plan and
keep stock in better health and genera! condition,
than with any other system: Have a box
' of sufficient size to contain all the food Lr
your animals for one time feeding*, cut oats,
rye, or even wheat straw and mix with it ono
half gallon of Jndiau or lye rneaj tor each
beast, t-prinkie in a littlo salt with water
enough to moisten the whole mass, let it
stand before feeding at least twelve hours, or
till it acquires a slight acid taste; then
give it to the stock in the proportions
you measured in, and your horses and
cattle will be so fond of it, 'that they will
lick up every straw, keep fat and do well.
By this mode I have found, from three years
experience, that horses and c?ws will do bet.
ter th in upon all the corn and dry fodder you
can give them.
T. F. CON.
Froin the Farmers' Register.
OLD WHEAT FOR SEED.
Ti? a recent conversation with Mr. William
i Skinker of t'anquier, an old and experienced
j farmer, lie mentioned that* for experiment, he
had sown a few bushel* (from 4 to 10) of
wheat of the previous year's crop, in each "
of his three last seeding*, and that he had '
found the product of the old wheat always
much better than that of the new "
wheat sown adjoining. Indeed, he thought "
the increase to be not ranch short of i(jp per
cent, lie could not assign any othfr reason
for the superiority, except that by (teepiog \
the seed wheat a year longer than usual, the ;
imperfect grains might Jose their vitality, and .
leave nothing to grow except those of the beet
' quality. We think this totally insufficient
to produce ihe manifest superiority which we
i arc confident Mr. S. saw, whciherbe waa or
I was not mis:aken as to its amount. But the.
| the experiment is worth repeating, and we
hope it will be repealed by as many of our
readers as can conveniently obtait) old seed of
good wheat.
A year ago we heard stated, by , a gentle,
man of Cumberland, a still more remarkable 7
f-">* i"lii/>li ha* hopn rpppnilv nhxprvAfi in that
n IIIVII ??W? WW.. VWV.t.y, WV.W.
county. A farmer bad sovvij^ few bushels of .
old reed alongside, or perhaps between, the
sowing of the balance of h^. field with new
seed. There was no difference between the
adjoining parts, except hs to age,of the seed.
; No experiment had been designed, nor was
'; any difference expected; but, (he result was
| that, while the crop from the new seed w as
i greatly injured by the Hessian fly, that from
; the old seed escaped entirely. Our informant*'
j under-stood that there was no doubt of the
' existence of this remarkable difference ; but
the result was that, while the crop from tbe
new seed was greatly injurred by the Hessian
| fly. that from the old seed escaped .entirely.
| Our informant understood that.Jthere was oa
doubt of the existence of this - euiarkable diff