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OF TtIK SrECl/tL COMMITTEE Of the St. John's Coffelon, Agricultural Society, on Professor S'te yard's analysts of I lie soils of Edisto Island. 2 Tim culture of too much land for Mr 0k force Oiiiploved; mid ns ft neccssnrv r< sul', itisiilK'Metii in muring. li is known to Mr grower ofooito i, Mint his harvests are raie. ly gathered I'nnn Pie whole crop, hut only from those portion* whore the soil is nut ura'iv productive, ??r itlicre a Urge amount of proper tin r.n.ein is uppl? d. The num'H i of acr?-s cultivated to the hand is from hrc mid a half'to four acres. Tne iisii *I quantity of eompnsi nroiure per acre, which die unceasing | dmiir in id perseverance of the platrcr have as vet enabled him to furnish, is from twenty :o thirty cart-loads, Is no! this too meagre an allowance/ The subHtittitioti of t|uunti y for fertility is indeed an exhaus'ing opera;ion, without a single principle to recommend it. To provide abundantly. therefore, for the wants of our soils, rather than to deprive th'-m without rerip rocafton of h* ir natural ingredients by too extended cul tv.iiion, is demanded by the weightiest considerations. The Commit tee w ill no* coinmen: on ilie saving of lab r and ol IMiiP? now in a gre ?t measure unpiofi ably expended?or the great facility of atteiehng a small crop?or that til-r? by the planter may have in Ins power to adop in part the enclosing system?or at least to allow hi" lean *md dwarfish animal more and belt* r foo ! ; hilt they will assume the impregnable position that a given quantity ol decomposed organic, matter to an acre on exhaus'ed land will yield a larger return t an >f the same hud hceu placed on on and a a ?ll or two acres. 1 lie his'ory ot ugriculiine : ii*l of horticulture in E ^l.in?l M*id America bears ample testimony to t!ii> interesting fact anil perhaps on no question in husbandry are writers so well agreed.? Witliont bringing to the notice of th? Society "lie mass of evidence in confirmatmn of this position concerning however tinnumerous crops that are elsewhere raised, 0, t!i?ry would at once, ns having n direct re lation to the onject of their soli< it tide, state the result of onlv throe among many trials made on this island. The last season a member of this Society used on an arn of good ground eighty-four cart-loads o marsh and mud?the former greatly pre ponderating. From it he gathered three hundred and ton ponds of clean ginneu cotton. His general crop yielded abou' one honored and ten pounds per acre.? In 1832, anothor member direccd his overseer to double the usual qunti'y of manure for u lew ucr s which were in irkod b\ the usual m<licnttons of st?*r-h?y. Ind"e?l fh'-y were in appearance so extremely poor twit the cotton plant through their agency could scarcely Ikj said ever to have lynched the point of fructification. From K(>ine misappherision the orders of the owner w' rcexceo led and tlie onprccedented amount ofeighty-four cart loads of mud nnd eightyfor of compost to the acrs was applied.? The product was not only ns large as tin' of anv other portion of his cro ? hut al. though ei ht years have since elapsed the field so bountifully assisted at that timrt still displays i's gratitude to its cultivator hv the abandonee of its louts. In 1837. one ol the Comrni'tee. in order to ascertain whether an nnnsu al quntitv of compost manure was unfavorable to the production ofcotton or had any effect in bringing a new growth in the plant tried 'he following experiment. On twenty-four acres of high snndy land a part of which was very I'ght there were put nHoiit 'wolve hundred ox-cart-loads of well rotted substance; (of which marsh formed the principle pnri.)from the stable and cnt. tl?? pen. These \vr? thro.vn broad-cast and the land immediately listed. The rest n" the crop received of compast twenty horse.cartloads per acre?or ol mttd fit*, teen cart-loads. The spring was cold and ^ wet and from three "ales of wind great in. * jury was sustained. Rarly in August all of the cotton except the licenti/-four ncn fold, took a second growth. That sufF'rerl to no respect save from wind. It matured very rap dly and the yield was over twn hundred pounds per acre. In reference tc: these and other instances of large returns from increased quantities of manure if has been said that three and a half or four acres to the hand cannot be assisted to the sami extent. Granted. Hut may not one hall or perhaps two thirds of that number b^i I If so the path of duty is plain. If thcownei L f thirtv labourers makes annually two I thousand carr-lf?ads of manure it is bettei that that amount be pheed on one hund ed ./ .V /> CI WWWWaWW^BBMBWWOJI 4Jli? ffllMWWE CHER BWWWWIBBTlWIw^lw ?'i| ii ip > i atps or "on seventy or eighty acres ?? j I hat is he question lo winch a thousand w. || directed experiments and every year experience on our part are ever ready to ' reply. The committee will conclude their 1 remarks on this head by recommeding that j the practice of an equal division of our ! plantations be cotrinued but that only two > I and three quat<rs or three acres to the hand ? I be hereafter cultivated. In ibis way there 11 will remain in every enclosed field proba| hly a large space of ground which in efTeet w i I he an adJitiun to the landed capital of the ,; planter. The ill success frequently attend ng on compost manure arises chiefly from its improper destruction. Instead ofli'-iug strew-d I j in the mid i|e of die ally it should he us"d broad-east. In no other mode can it be h'?muj?hly incorporated with the soil.? I tlie old practice cotton suffers its 1 drought from tne heating effects of the mass through which the tap root pases, lu sudden wet ufter dry weather the excess of stimulous which the plant from the poiso i of i'N trunk is obliged imbibe deranges its ' | function and brings on disease and hence a ; shed-up of its fruit. Wheter manure should be put on or un. j dor the listing is yet an undetermined ; point. In t us section of the Stae the laf. , | ter is considered the preferably plan.? I Manures are lost by evaporation Hnd in' filtration. H to liie gasses belong there more active ingredients it lollows that under ( the listing is their proper place?if to the I ?alt then ?ii?*y siioiii'J be CO vena very snui i low. Manures nonr the surface certainly I promote the growth of our staple crop, ' when you g ?o a greater degiee than where deeply buri?d?and as the season of spring ! i< now invariuhl) cold it may not he an inI judiciously method. Kvery attentive ob>crv r however no doubt has remarked that the resu'l 's in favour of the manures below the hs ing. The ptoduet of cotton in the ! lew mstanecs known to the Committee be. i u>g greater, fho' the plant itseif was not hL i wa>s taller. From this an inference may j he drawn tli.it the manure which from it^ ' prox imty to the surface first displays its power is the first nnd the sootiest eventually | to part with it ; in other words that by evaj porulion the greater loss is subt lined. (to bb continued) silk. , A few days ago, four skeins ofsilk were J brought in'o our office, by Jesse Shelby Kxfj. of this place, reeled by n young woman (Delpbiiia Field) in his employ; the four -ke ns together weighed sev? nt en ounces, and was reded from a bush* I or cocoons, measured lor the purpose. Mr. Shell by has reeled about twenty pounds, a pari of winch was of his own raising the balance was pur* chased Irorn others. Several ol the ci iz ns of Jamestown and vicinity, have made small parcels of silk his season, mos ly fiom the native mulberry, til of whicii so tar as we have ascertained are \ve!lp!eas?d with their suceass.?Some with whom we have part cularly conversed on the suhj.-ct have told us, that they were convinced they could not have made lite same amount man equal len Jth of time in ny other way, as tlc y have made by rais n?j worms on our native mulberry leaves, md siding their cocoons. Now, c\cry one acquainted with the Multicauiis must know, dial with a convenient orchard of them, more than double as much fo!i igo can be gathered *\i h the same labor, us can from tlie native tree. Hence ilie same labor aotild produce from the Multicauiis. nearly ion'le the amount of cocoons, besides the additional profi each producer might secure by reeling their ownsdk. To prove the advantage of ie? ling. over tha1 of selling the cocoons, requires only a little reflection. An ordinary reeler will reel at least a bushel of cocoons in a day with ease; the silk, if well reeled from a bushel of good cocoons, is worth one to two dollars more than the | cocoons would s< 11 for before they were ree. led, thus the producer would obtain this sum each day w hile employed in reeling t.'ieir silk, inoie than by scl ing their CO coons. K e'ing silk has usually been considered I a diilicuil opera ion, but tins appears to b'* 01.Iter a mistaken idea, or a false delusion J iieid out designedly, to deter ll?? producer from reeling their own silK. Miss Field who reeled Mr. S's silk above men ioned, (oitiiiknc d reeling this season without any instruc ions more than what had been obtained by reading, and by the time she had reeled twelve or fi.teen pounds, could reel a bushel of cocoons in a day with ease. Mr. S's rvtil was undo by a mechanic in the neighborhood on a plan similar U? the Pied" lUontesc red. He is also making arrangements (or cn.'e ii.g inure extensively into the silk business in future. Some ten or twelve years ago, the business was introduced into Guilford County, I | N. C. In the year 1836 our fain ly procuj red some eggs, from which we raised a few ' worms ; and in 1831, we had what then j s.timed quite u i expectable crop, though j > cons'sting ol hul a few thousand worms ; I : such a crop, now woulJ he thobght quite insignificant. Tliey were fed on the naiive 1 Mulberry, and raised, without tiny particular | difficulty, as the worms were remarkably j healthy ami spun well, and their produce manufactured into excellent sewing silk on I ' ; Hie common reel and spuming wheel, but r because it was not of foreign production, it } failed to command such a price us we i thought sufficient to justify its continuance ! as a source of profitable ,mj?lo\ ncni, under ' circumstances then existing, the only depen. i 1 dence for feeding at thul lime being front I E R J1 W mamma i ULLHWHI'imuwisw? i?\ ? gg AW, SOU FH-CAKOLIN 9 1J jgja.".. LI*JL?J. t - Lit I1 "' the native mulberry trse sparsely scatter through our forests, which ot most cou only furnish food for small numbers, ai even that lit tie was procured with mu< difficulty, as there was not th-n n sing Multieaulis tree in N. Carolina. But nc withstanding these ir.convienres a few indi iduals tn this neighborhood have still eo tinned to raise small quantities, which ih< have manufactured into sewing thread at clothing for their own use. There are no in this vicinity several articles of clothin such as cloaks, frocks, waistcoats &o. mai by our Guilford ladies, from the native Mi berry, of as good material we believe as ct be found in any country whatever. We have not alluded to these facts ns h ing of particular importance, but merely b I / cause we know them to be facts and n heresay, and performed under the mc disadvantageous circumstances possible without information, or any kindofconv nienl fixtures for facilitating the labor oft tending the worms, or reeling the silk &< such as are now introduced. We feel ful warranted from our own observations, premising, that und? r present existing ci cumstances, the producer with an ?m[ and convenient orchard of Multieau trees, and other improved apparatus f feeding, reeling &c., as arc now in use ni in a state of progress, can better afford make silk for five dollars a pound now, th; he could have done ten, or even five yea ago in this section of country, for douf that amount.?Farmers (N. C.) Advocatt From the New England Farmer. SCIENCE APPLIED TO AGRICULTURE. Chemistry has been styled "the seci process of the matter, that from which I Ibrms of ihings originate." It is u scien as universal in its operations as the comhi hination of different simples in forinii compound substances. Hence, the air v breathe, the earth we walk upon, the ra that cometh down from heaven and wat? oth the earih, the too<J we eut ana the n m< nt we put on; in short, every tiling, u only those which render our existed comfortable, hut those which form its e enjoyment, are the result of its operntio and subject to its laws. Even ourselvt ' fearfully and wonderfully made," a cu ous compound of uudefinublc, cndurii mind, and perishable, incongruous mutti come within its sphere, and possess enouj of its "subtle agencies," to invite the r search of the most persevering to an occ pation for life. Ii? fact, w? hvo in a grnt laboratory, where clcmiciil action is co initially going on, not in a single set of :her but in a stupendous whole, nnd where will con inue to go forward, untd the ma of matter on which it operates shall, by grand explosion, be thrown back to a cli os. Mmd truly may escape the catastr phe of ruin, and the clayey crucible which it exjierienced its remo leling and a siinilutions; but in all things else the ams garnation must be complete. Can it for n moment be imagined that science of so general operations and su< visible effects, can be unimportant to a fa irior? Take his soils; they are the result of chemical combination of eurths, say tl disintegrated parts of rocks, and vegetal matter in a decayed or decaying conditio Now all rocks, as the sciences which clai .....Imnl... I. i...|p,.rt thom Will H 1111# V ?J |JU I ill'Uiai l\nmr VJI mm uivmi ?? w tannine, are not composed of the same m lei i ll, consequently the earths which colle around thorn must differ in proportion the sources from which ilioy originate; at the eatly productions of vegetation u sucli as tlie peculiar nature of tl earths most naturally excite, and the; again are possessed of different const i uen in their decay, both of plants and leav< and when the parent stalk has fulfilled maturing process, from soi's of varieties d fering from those which are the effects different circumstances. Thus a soil < which the dark hemlock sheds its deep f< inge, differs from that which sends t lowering pine majestically high; that of t maple differs from that of the ash; the o from the rim, and so on. Soils in high regions have usually It depth unJ Contain a propor.ionably grea' uniount of earthy matter than those of lower territory, from the fact that vegetal matter is easily brought down by the tha1 of spring and rains of autumn, and depo tod in places which nature seems to ha provided for its recep'ion. These soils a tiS'Jallv of I lu? miNl fi-nilo i?li;ir:ir*ti>r. \ ih**y must, in some degree, vary in propc lion with the mountains and forests when they originate. Thus we see the valley one river more fer.ile than that of anotli ?a circumstance which chemis ry can o viate, by determining wiiat the lacking qu ty is, and how it may be provided, or i Iroduciug plants adapted to that peculi soil. Ttie analysis of soils, suftieit to determine their productive qualiti is a very simple process, and so passed through. In order to perfoi it, the farmer need not be at expense f an extensive apparatus, nor restrict his o| rations to drams and penny*weights. 1 business is ol a icholesa/e nature; his obs* vation can mark the changes of.soil, o by analyzing u small portion of a particul on**, the character of the whole is sufficiei dv determined lor general purposes. Soils which, in a state of nature, n sometimes ol a character that rend* rs the worthless, by a chemical process are re dered fertile. Tuke our swamps, whi ar? to be found in almost every town, soi ol which have bottoms as deep as westt prunes, and "as ricn as mud;" yet in Cr A. 2 AD V E R 1 B?????gg?WM8????? WBjl A, WEDNESDAY, OCTO ggattJ-i . i_lj ed I state of na'nre ihoy are almost as worth IJ 1 .1..^ ..r<2,.i r.-- ? liu ic.ii iiicT uco';i i ui onuai a iui aguv;uuurii nd purposes. zU How are they lo be made the most profitr|? able of the farmer's domains? They nius ?t- be cleared and drained, to be sure; bu v. when all is done there is yet one thing l.e k ing. for they are as barren as an ash-heap ;y What is "the one thing needful?" We re? id spond, only to show that Chemistry Ins i lW remedy, hut also to assure those who pre a tend that our stitc surveys are useless ope fje rations, by giving an anecdote. ij_ Some where in Massachusetts, (we couh in tell where) an old gentleman, who had til led the earth carefully and laboriously, un ,e. til his "threescore ye>rs and ten" had near >e. |y vanished, pointed the Commissioner o iot the geological suiv<*y to n piece of verj )S( deep rich muck land, and complained bit ;; terlv that with all his industry, he couh e. make it produce nothing but weeds. Will it. his usual tact, the Commissioner assurer liiin dioonly reason why his labors were no Hv requited, was that his land was/ao rich ? in "Too rich!" said the veteran firmer, "i it*, can't be: we wish lo nuke our land as rici tic as possible, and labor incessantly to pro lis mote this object." Had he been acquain "or ted with the beautiful operations of ugricul ad ture, he might perhaps have saved himsel to much labor, and a rich harvest from hi: ;m land through many years. More, by tin rs same labors lie ni ght have increased tin >|e value of his surrounding fields, by barterin; ?. from them their sterility, and repaying loai for load from the rich deposit from his mu<*l bed. Tnis was all thut was necessary ti scatter fertility all around hiwi simply t? pnrrv off this rirli vc.uetHhlc mat er whicl liar! been arcumuiat ng for ages, replacin< m its stead his sands or loam, or whatevei r e that savon d of barrenness. n* Lands from misn anngemenl may no quire h diseased and sickly, as well as ai *[e exhaus ed state. They may become toi 1,1 sour, too bi:ter, or some other of the evil "f* which bad managemeni induces, may uttar.l l,~ them. Then are they like n diseased stom 01 ach, totally ou' of order. Usual application ce will have no effect. They, like the sicl ,l" inan, must be dealt with according to th ns disease. And here we nsk leave to intro fS? duce another anecdote, in support of ou n* sentiment, that chemistry i9 an importan science to the farmer. One of that aneien >r? and honorable fraternity was one day hean 51' to complain, by a son then in college, tbn e* such a piece of land produced but "Irelie/ u* 4<Lime ii," said the son. Lime it!" sail ,c* the old m.m,*'you, when you have not dom n* a day's work on the farm in three years n? come from college, and to repay your latl " er's toil, in your behalf, undertake to lead him how to farm it." "Lime it" said th< a son?'"the soil is too sour: an alkali wil M* neutral z ? an nrid, and your field will b< 9" productive." The fa: her at length trie* ln the experiment and saw a good effect, am s- so thoroughly was lie convinced of the utili l'* ty of this science in agriculnre, that In said his sons might all go to college to lean 8 to be farmers, if they all give usauranceo similar acquirements. Chemistry in agriculture applies itself it u a thousand ways, and produces a thousatv ?? I IV " *.t . _ . I. I " goou enccis. i^aiure: is a great worKsno where she is continually carrying forwan n? her operations. Economy is a univers* 1,1 law in all her dominions. She forms noth e- ing in vain ami where the purposes of ii a* formation are answered, and it moulder c' hack to decay, she does not admit of th ns least waste in all its parts. She carries ou l(l with the nicest precision, the salutary in rfi junction, "gather up the fragments, 'ha nothing may be lost." Hence whnt is no available in one part of her operations i 's applied to another; so in her grand concern* -s. each, fills a "part of the stupendous whole.1 it* To imitate and assist her in carrying thi 'f* law into effect, is a part of the service c ot the farmer, and in proportion as he doe his duty, will his labors be rewarded. Bu if he is remiss, if lie allows his soils to re he main sterile, or suifers them to become ex he hausted?if he allows his manures to was! tik richness on ihe a mosphcre, or suffer them to be injudiciously applied to In :SS lands?if lie suffers anything to waste us* er lessly away, which wi.h dure care migti a In'iiefii ilia soil, lean ess wili set a land jl? m? rk to his possess ssiotts, which his neigli H'S Iwir will trv in rumovi1! (amine Will coif v ? ' -- - -- " -si his premises, and horror most likely seiz ve upon his mind. ire W. B. el ir- From ouarts Stable Economy, ee indigestion of the food by the horse. of" M-n, particularly household men, whod er not work for what they eat, often have iud b- gestion for several successive years. The ali are said to have a weak stoinach, or to b n- troubled with b k. Tliey ure always corr iar plaming, never quite well, )el never very il Mil The stomach is truly weak. It wants er es ergy, it acts slowly, often imperfectly ; yet on is not wholly inactive. It rarely loses a m control ever the food. The horse seldoi or suffers under a similar complaints whc >?*- indigestion does occur in him, it is a serioi lis n(Fair, soon cured, or soon producing deatl r- In men the disease usually termed indige nd tion, ought perhaps lo have another nam lar for all or most of the food does under*; at- the processor digestion alihough it may t performed very slowly. The indigestion ir<* ant aboui it to speak of in the horse, hi ;m been termed acute. It ought to t>e call* fn. complete ; or rather, that in man should I ch termed difficult. Aficr this explanatio Tie ihe reader need not confound indigestion i rn man vVith idigestion in the horse. The a are totally different. The structure of tl !5ETT ' / Z E R. ? ??? BE 11 21, 1840. mmmmmmmBmrnmammKBammammmmHE??wwwwawr - horse's stomach, and the nature of his food,, s; I account, to a certain extent, for the difT-r- ' o ence. But in men, the digestion is difficult, U in the horse't is not performed. tl r It is very obvious that the stomach in o t health must exercise a peculiar control over ? - the food, which does not putrify, nor fer. ti . i?eni,'ns it would, were it kept equally warm q and moist io any place but the stomach. So d i long as ihc stomach is able to dig? s', the a food suffers neither putrefaction nor fer- f< . mentation. Bui it sometimes happens that tr the stomach los?*s its power. It becomes li I unable to digest tie food, or to exercise any c . control ovei its change*. !'i Now, when the horse's stomach ceases tl . 'o digest, one of two things usually takes r< f place. Either the food remains in ilie sto- H r macli wiili >ut undergoing any ohunge, or e :t runs into fermentation. In the ouo case ii \ die horse is often foundered ; in the other . . t . ii . ii f ? lie ts grip- u, He talcs what 1 snail nere can | 1 i colic. s ! Founder is nn inflammation of ihe f of, g - generally of the fure-fect, hut someone sol d t lliom nil. It is not apparent why a load ol f? i undigested food in the stomach should pro a - duce a disease in the feet; yet it is well f? known that it does so. There seems to lie s some untriced connexion between the Ha:t il f and*th? stomach, aud some theories have c s heen made on the subject, hnt I have heard c l* note worth notice ; we do not even know i ir why in one case the food remains unehnng- il * -d. and in another, undergoes fermentation, c J Perhaps it d'-pends a good deal upon lie < quantity of water tnat happens to he present ? [> with the food. f ? An overloaded stomach is one of the a i causes of indigestion. If a horse reach the 5: l corn.rlies?, or in any other way obtain ? I i large meal of grain, lie will be very likely * to take colic m an hour or more ufter he I' get.water. If water he withheld he may a i founder, hut colic will not occur, unless t i? here he oiuch water previously in the s^om- t s ach or bowels. Those who are ex pern-n- i k ced in this matter know how to manage u t torse alter he lias been gorged with Ibod < s Pliey give him no water all that day, and t k none on the next till evening. Then they i i* give only a little at a time, and of, ten till v > hirst be quenehed. If he be a slow-horse I r lie go s to woik, hut it his work be fast he it must remain at home, having, however a s it good deal of walking exercise. In this way I the stableman prevents what he calls the r t gripes, colic, or balls, lie is ignorant of < " In? mode m which water operates, but ex- t d perience has taught him that it has some lj thing to du with the disease. Founder, it ' ;. is true, may happen, hut that is usually re- ' warded as u more curable malady di m the It oth'T. It is not so deadly, but I shall pref sendy show that colic can be cared sooner, || and witti mo?*e certainty, than founder, g Staggers.?A kind ofnpplopexy issomoj times produced t?y the presence of undigesI ted food in the stomach. In this country j - the disease is not common, and there is no. I e tiling I<kc it when the food ferments. On- | r> st in ate constipation, and somet.ines comif pleieobstruction of the bowels, ure the occasional results of indigestion. i The Process of Fermentation must be d familiar to almost every body. Grain, or p other vegetable matter, when tbiown into d a heap, moisten d, and heated to a certain d point, soon undergoes a change. The prm c:pal phenomenon attending which is the < s volution of air in great abundunce, more? s p'-rhnp- than twenty or thirty times the hulk J e of the ar ieles from which it is extricated. | it VVhen ties process rakes place in the sinmi aeh, the horse's life is in danger, for he has t no power like some other animals to belch , mi (Ik* j?ir. Distension of the stomach and <$ ; bowels rapidly succeeds, and runs so fur as * i, ! to rupture them. If the stomach or bowels j " j do rot give way, life may be destroyed by ^ s iuflumination or strangulation of the bowels, I if j or the mere pain of distention may produce t s ] death before there is tune either .01 ru turn, e it ' inflammation, or strangulation. The d.s. 1 ease sometimes cures itself, the air not be nig very abundant, or being evacuate J by f e passing through toe bowels ; but very often ! t s the horse dies in from four to twelve hours, r s Sometimes ho dies in two, and sometimes I . not till he h .s been ill for eighteen or twenty J1 a four. The disease goes under various names. , 1 I. In different places it is terni'd gripes, the. i- halts, fret, colic, flatulent colic, spasmodic t r colic, enteritis, inflamed bowels, and acute j i indigestion, it lias been described by only j j | one author with whom I am acquainted, J | and lie speaks of it as a rare disease. All (I who have written treatises on veterinary j' medicine have seen the disease several | 1 < time*, but they mistake it for some others I j (i to wuicli they have given names, according 1 | j- 110 I lie it p|>ca ranees they have seen on dis- |< y -seeling the horse alter dea.li. Thus, one ; i >e describes the symptoms, and atnihutes !' l- thetn to inflammation of the bowels ; anoth- ^ ' II. cr to spasms of the bowels; a third to 1 )- strangulation ; a fourth to rupture of the di. j j it aprhagm. and so on with far too many ', II more. All these, and several others, are j i rn the effect of fermentation of the food either j I in in the stomach or in the bowels. The cause t 1 js has been o\ei looked, and death traced on- j1 h. ly to the effects of the cause. The disease j j s- which is treated and described by authors j ( c, and teachers as inflamed bowels, spasrnod.c j, ;o colic, strangulation, ruptured stomacn, j, >e ruptured diaphrinni, is in 13G out of 237 cas- i I es neiihormore nor less at I ho beginning than ?s a distention of llw> stomach and bowels by d air. I know this from tny own practice, of it* which, in reference to this disease, I have n, kept a record during eighteen months. Tor in the sake of brevity in reference, I shall term iy it. 11 ?e Colic*?I go a little out of my limits to 'V... 2 *mrn ^ i NUMBKR 49. peak of this disease. I do so for four reus- ? us. In the first place, the disease is dead, r% it destroys more heavy drought-horses lan nil oiler* put together. Iii the secnd place, L can show how it may he cured rith infillible certainty, if it bo taken in kip. In the third pine, the disease re* aires mmediate relief; the horse may be end, or past cure, before the medical' ssistant can be obtained. And in the )urtli place, the nature of the disease and it* -entment are not known, or they are too nle known by the veterinarian. These ircumstnnces induce me to di^iess n little om the proposed obj ct of this work; an-f I link they are of sufficient importance to aider apology unnecessary. I will, how* . ver, bo brief. In another pi ice I will nter into details which would be improper* 1 this. The causes of Colic are rather numerous, have already said tint an overloaded oinachisone, pari ularly when water i* iv n ei her immediately b for*, or immediately after an extraordinary allowance of od; but water directly after even an ordinary meal is never very sife. It washes ther )o i into the bowels before it ha* been /* 1 J L __ . I . . _l I / uiii' ii niiy unangeu oy mu siornscn, ueiore . has become in a cer am decree insusv|?iihle of fermentation, which in manv asos begins in the bowls, though in by faf lie greatest number of cases it begins iff lie stoin icli; a third cause is a suddet> thange of diet, from hav, for instance, tor ;r.iss or from oa:s to barley; but an allowinc?-, |iurticularly a large allowance of any bod to which the fior&e has not beeff iccustomcd, is liable to produce colic. ?' mine articles produce it oftencr thanotners* taw po aloes, carrot?*, turnips, gr?*en meat* com more susceptible of fermentation than iay or oats, barley more than beans; wheat ii;d peas moie than barley. Such at lefts! >ey h ive se? mod to m?\ but it is probable hat in the cases from which I have drawn ny conclusions, su Idea change and quan'M y may have had as much to do in pmdu? ::ng colic as the fermentable nature of the hod. (1 ste in f edmg is a common cm**? f the horse swallow his food very greedily, vithout sufficient masticat.on, lie is very iuhle to colic. IL'avy drau2ht^hors<is are almost thoonly iuhjrcts of colic, and among the owners of liein it is dificull to meet with uu old far-' tier or carter who has not lost more .than ?no. Ligt, fast-working hors'-s are rarely roublcd with it, and few din of i'. The inference is easily explained..?ilmuev. do w-working horses are long in the yoke, hey hist till il?*?;r appetite is like a r.ivnV; #hen they come home they get n largo |uantity of grain ail at once, and they levour it in such haste that it is no1 properly masticated, an l the stomach is suddenly iverloaded. Possibly the quantity may tot he very great, yet it is oaien too fimf.? I'lie juice by which the food should ho Jigested can not he made in such a hurry, it leas! no enough of it; and add to this lie rapid distension of the stomach; mom ieliberate mastication and deglutition would triable this organ to furnish the requisite]uanfi|y of gastric juice, and to dilate sufficiently to con nin rhe food with ease. In ast fording, (he stomach is >aken too muct* >V surprise. L glu hors's tire usually fed oft?n?Tf and vith more regularity. Tiiey receive grain ;o often that they are not so fond of it; not lisposcd to eat too much; and tho nature d their work of en destroys the nppotile, iven when abstinence has been unusually irulonged The bulk of the food, however, has a great leal to do with this disease. Au overloaded iloinach will produce it in any kind of horse* >ut those who hate the bowels and stomachr labitualiy loaded are always in greatest dann r. Horses tha* get little corn roust est * arge quantity of roots or of fodder, as much as he d gestive apparatus can control. The itomach and bowels cannot act upon an/ oore, and that which they cannot act upon 'ur.s speedily into fermentation. This seems to me the principal reason wli/ ilow-work horses arc so much more liable t<? Jisease than fast workers. When the pace eachea seven or eight miles an hour, the bel? y wiil not carry a great bulk of food, and sonuch is given that the horse has no inelinaion to load Ins bowels with fodder. There < - A 1 .1 ik. lever, or very rareiy, mure mow nmu uic stomach, the bowels, and the juices of these ;an act upon. Symptoms of Colic.?The horse is taken suddenly ill. if at work, he slackens, his Dace, attempts to stop, and when he stops he prepares to he down; sometimes he goe* down its if shot the moment he stands, or is allowed Lo stand, at slow.work be sometimes quick, ens his pace and is unwilling to stand. In the stable he begins to paw the ground with Ins fore-feet, lies down, rolls, sometimes quite L>vef, lifts on his back ; when the distension is not great he lies tolerably quiet, and for several minutes. But when the distension and pain are greater, he neither stands nor lies a tuin* ate ; he is no sooner down than he it tip.? lie generally starts ail at once, and throws himself down again with great violence. He strikes the belly with his hind feet, and jn moments of comparative ease he looks wiaffully at his flanks. When standing he maty* many and fruitless attempts to urinate* fftd there is "something wrung with the'ssifef,'M In a little while the belly swells all it swells most on the right fltnk The . the most painful cases, are those iu which the . swelling is general; sometimes it is very inconsiderable, ;lio air being ill small quantity, or not finding its way into the bowels.1 As the disease proceeds, the pain becomss^laorjB and more intense. The liotse dashes himself about with terrible violence. Eve#f-fra threatens u? be his last. The perspiration runs off him in streams. His continuities betrays extreme agony, his contortions tfo frightfully violent, and seldom even for so fe*. slant suspended. After continuing in this state fur t brief % * -