Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, October 14, 1840, Image 1
Fi
VOLUME V.
inn WW
#
me m&Q&.n&ii, i
EDITOR I KD PROPRIETOR. !
T E R M S:
If pud within three mouths, . .$3 00 \
it put within three maitths after the
close of the ye if, 3 50 I
If paid within twelve months after the
closo of the year 4 00
If not paid within that time, ... 5 00 j
Two new subscribers will he entitled to the ,
paper the first year for five dollars, pi id at the j
timo of subscribing , and five new subscribers j
"for ten dollars paid at the tiuie of subscribing, i
So p iper to bo discontinued but at the option
-of the editor till arrearages are paid.
Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines, ; I
inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty , j
cents, eacb subsequent in? :rtion. ||
Persons sending in advertisements are rt-qucF. j
"4ic io specify the number of Limes they arc to l?? i
i'se-ted; otherwise they will he continued tiil (
ordered out, and charged accordingly. '
fETTlie Postage must be oaid ou allcominu- i
lk cations. j
4&ms&xp&&ipm4zt9 j'
J>b >thf.r Jonathans Wife's advice to (
iier Daughter ox the day op her j
Marriage. ,
Now, Polly, as you are about to leave {
its ? few words scent appropriate to the ! f
occasion. Although J ivgrct the svpara-) f
^ I.ou, yo? I am pleased that \otit prospects I i
are goo I. Von must not think that all (
before you are Elysmn fields. Toil, care ! ,
.L.. nr f-u;i'.
4i(KJ trouble, are tn*- owuipuimMis *? ...... j
human nature, Old connexions will be j
dissolved by ?I stance. by t rue and death.? 5
New one* are forui'd. Kvcry tiling per- j j
taming to .li s hie is r.n the change. I ,
A well cullivau d mind uni ed with a f
... I
pleasant easy disposition, is the greatest [
?ccompli>hineiii in a lady. I have en. I
deliver d, from tt.e first to th? present mo- j j
merit, to bring you up in such a ni inner ?
as to form you lor luture usefulness in j [
society. Woman was never made merely ; |
10 see and l>e seen : but to fill an important ; |
spare in the great chain of nature, planned i j
nmi formed bv the Ahnigh'y Parent of the ; |
Universe. Yon have been edneatrd in ' r
j 1
habi s of iiehi-try, frugality, economy and : t
neatness, and in these you have not dis ip- ; i
pouited rne. j |
It is fur the man to provide, and for the j j
w ile to rare an I see that every thing within i
her circle of moverrvn?, is done in order : ^
b? considerr."I important. ? A place for ev- r
cry thing, and every thing in its tune ar" ! j(
g iod family mo toes. I u
A thorough knowledge of every kind of v
business appropriate to tin kileh"ii, is indis* p
pensable, for without such knowledge a t
lady is incapable of the manag'-m-nt of her d
own business, and liable to imposition by
her servants every d y. But in those t
things you have been instructed. v
You will be mistress of your own house t
and observe the rtjh s in which you have t
b'*en educated. You will endeavor above s
nil things to make your fire-side the most ;J
agreeable place for the man of your choice.
Pleasantry and a happy dispositio i will r
ha ?nn?irlpnd noressarv to tills iinpor
* f ?'3 w VM ^ ,
lant end?but a fool sii fondness is disgust- r
itig to nil. Let reason and common sense \
ever eu'ile?th'-S", aided by a pleasant, ?
friendly disposition, render life happy; and I
without these it is not desirable. Remem- t
her your cousin Eliza. She married with i
the highest prospects ; bu , from a petulcnt i
peevish and complaining disposition, and I
negligence, every thing went wrong; and t
her home became n place of disquietude to I
Iter husband. To avoid ibis, he sought a i
place to pass away vacant time, where, i
associa'ed with those, more wicked than '
himself, he contracted the habit of imtem. <
perance, ntid all was lost?and poor Eliza i
was thrown on the charity of her friends. |
Be pleasant and obliging to your neigh- i
bors?ready to grant assistance when ne- |
cesanry. Be carefulof characters, and do <
not readily be lieve an ill report. Throw the |
mantle of charity over their failings, know- (
ing that we nrc human and liable to err.? ,
Abhor a tattler and give no pl?ce to the j
reports of such. However strong a provo? j
cation may be, ntv- r contend for the last (
word. j
Let your B.ble show that it is us d.? \\
Give no place to novels in your library. ' (
Let history, biography nnd travels be read,
when lime and opportunity admit?withou'
interfering wi:h the important duties of the
family. Be not ignorant of the events of j
the time being, therefore read some journal
of the day.
As to friends who may call on you ?
never be confused or in a hurry; treat them
with hospitality and politeness, and endonv- ;
or to m ?ke them happy in their own way.
Never tease them to do this or that which
they do not prefer. True politeness con- j
Sists in nn easy nnd pleasant deportment, j
and making our friends easy, and permit- J
ting them to enjoy themselves in thut way j
which is most pleasing to them.
Speak with deliberation. The other sex !
te|| us that *'the fern a To tonguo is never
p tired?" be it so : let it be regulated by I
reason and common sense.
At the close of the week, if possible let all
your work for the time, be done?so that on
Sunday you may in prove your time in such a
rranner, as will be appropriate to the day,
and never, extraordinuries excepted, let your j
seat be vacant nt church.
As to dress?decency is becoming to all j
but extravgance opens a door to want?fol. j
low the fashion of the day so farasdecen"
cy and good sense w:|| approve, but avoid
singularity. IJo not tfoupled for what you 1
have not, be thankful fof, and take care of
Twhot you have. A leghorn hat loaded
with flowers, will not cure the head-ache,
Uor a watch prevent the consumption
v* .%
jt .v n c i
^1., II? .'.f J' l. U.-ll'MJ-LJUUJMmH riJUfWUtJ-gW
CHKK
nm.>\iJt U"Ji?J
MK.AOoW LANDS.
To the Editor of he Cultivator:?My
father lias a piece of interval, bounded on
one si ie 11v the rive;r, and on (he other by
a lii-ih gravel bank, which, in my humble
opinion, is suscept ible of much improvement.
..?<>#? ..T It i#? fofir iinnvhnx rohiot*i -.
Lfi iti UK. n; I/I ii j uii^* vu? ? it*
bliog much in appearance a cornfield af.er
harvest. 1 do not know, nor can I aseer*
lain th**cnuseof these ineqnulitie.sof surface:
many believe tb"m to be ihc remains of Indian
agricul ure ; but I am .more inclined to
think t liey were formed by currents of water
(lowing over many years ago, perhaps before
grass roots hud filled the soil, and en a.
I>led it to withs'and their power. Ue that
is ii may, the hammocks, (hillocks as we
sail t< em) are there, and 1 wish to know
rery much, sir, if it is expedient to destroy
tu rn. I firid nothing in "//ie essence oj Ihc
Boston Cultivator" in relation to their tr^alndi1
particularly, but I should think from
a ho t is tlcre said, they might be "hewn
Jown and cast into the fire."?'he ashes
spread upon the luid?some gr.iss-se.cd afer
wards sown, and the mowing be a great
leal smoother, to say nothing of the pos*L
jility of there being double the quantity of
t y, and :ha'of he:t< r quality. If this can
ie done. I wish you would let h % * four
Imusand" rearl'T*. or subscribers of the
Cultivator know it, and if not practicahle,
varn them against trying an unprofitable e.\lorimcn*.
Two acres more of the pi- ce arc meadow,
lituatt-d nearest the high bank, above which
s t ie ph.in, and plain enough i: is to sec:
ii prow! oli s fcrility. June, grass, m d sorrel
aimly prow, iiikI mu/lms some times d tre to
>!ow. Tips meadow ise^cn, the hassocks
x;ing no.illy all ol a height ; and
roin socio" ox'-n som< times nine in i', I
diould tli nk the soil was I'rom five to ten
'eet in depth, and that oft e ric hest quality.
Prom my experience and observation. I
?now t .at Knjludi grasses can m ver flour
sli in site 11 a soil, on account of there
leing such an accnm: 1 idon of vgetablc
natter, which, having the power to retain
vn'er a great length of time is always kept
oo col '.?To ni.-.ke it snitatile lor their inro
luction.yon recommend covering several
riches deep with gravel, (which w 11 m; ke
r |c*ss retentive, and more easilv warmed,)
ilooghing, manuring, and rolling. Willi
ogard to diis p| ?n, what I aui most suspicons
of, is that the? hassocks won't submit
D he turned so freely and handsomely as
ve should wish, but perhaps thrv can be
i* rsusded to sil on 4' edge" and I k-arn that
la re are these who think this is the mos"
Icsir.ib'e posi'i"n.
I also have some fears that the annua! in~
inda'jons, which cover this, two or three
reeks, will injure it seriously. Those forilizing
floods, which carry the rich riic of
' e river on to its borders, may not prove
1 " ??? - I ... i.?. t imp/I
0 congenial uj ?i uhm'mjw jum ?cv..w.
ind covered with yo 111?? and tender roots.
I shall wait for your opinion of my re.
narks widiout using the spado or hoc.
Having some p"p? r and lime, I will add
1 few words, suggested by some articles in
four last papers. I: s"? ins you are engng.
id in battle with a g'-rrleman who 14 avows
vmself the primo mover and instgator of
he proposed prm um ofs-venty five doilirs
for the best plough tosrt a sod up edge,
vise ; well, sir, you propose routing him
lorse, foot, and dragoon, with laughing arillorv,
and I guess you ran do it; there is
litte danger of your bung out-gencrall?d,
md if you get out of ammunition, just send
o the " pruciical farmers" of Concord.
They think if as largi> n pr-mium had been
iffercd for ihe ugliest old shrew in the state,
hey should have b*?en equally satisfied, and
inve thought tin ir interests as much pronoted.
In t' e two premiums that are of.
fered, a child may detect a most palpable in.
;onsist?*noy. Every man of common sense
mows that the furrows should be turned
?n'irely over. The committee of the State
society knew it, and thought it of such importance*
that they off r-d a premium of onehundred
dollars for the plough that would
Io it the best, yet their verv next premium
is for the plough that will not do it at all. I
believe ther" will he much competition for
thai rew ard; almost every farmers lias in his
possessions some old plough 11 that has long
stood the racket(for as lives of litt'e value
are scarcely fvr broken.'I and lured bvthe
templing offer, he will sun ly present it for
the consideration of the commi'tec, who wi'l
think the fault bv w liioh hp has condemne! it
as its only virtuo. In concluding this suhject,
allow me to say. that I hope you will cannonade
unceasingly from your ba'tery of experience
and sound judgment, the " primr
instigator," until he shall throw down his
chim-rical ideas, with respect to ploughing
as flat ns wo would the sods. I nevei
kne&Mil I read in your paper lately, tha'
the cause of moisture in hills was attributec
to capillary attractions ?It is the same
power then which, causes sap to ascend ir
trees and vegetables : truly, one who eon
templates such actions and their effect for a
moment with atrention, must exclaim, " Nn
rurc indeed works wonders unseen." But
my paper is now about gone, and I fear 1
have trespassed upon your patience; if so, J
regret it, and sign myself.
Respectfully yours, DAWlES.
Concord, Aug. 3d. 1840.
The first piece of low land referred to hv
our Concord correspondent has prohablv
been planned in early times, and these Hit.
locks or hammocks were occasioned bj
drawing up enrth to the corn. It was art
ciently very common to lay down in Indiar
hills, under an impression that a large sur
face was exposed to the sun, &c., and tha
more grass would be produced on an acre.
V- ... . / - , ? .V ? 4 Vw
IE R .f W ,
AW, SOU rH-CAItOiJN_'
**'*""Trr"~T_ 1 Hfi | f
Thirty six years ago we sow nn old gon<
tleinun clearing a piece of land that lay close
to a mill pond. Ii was full oflndian hills
in as regular range as any of modern times;
and ho assured us lie cofild remember see.
In? corn grow there (hough since that time
a full growth of wood had taken the place
of the corn-stalks, and he was clearing it ofT
A white pine, s.x fiet high, will become r
log. I .rge enough to he sawed into hoard?
in thirty years. When Concord was firs'
s"ttled, this land was undoubtedly tilled. The
Pioneers always cultivate first the Jandi
nearest the rivers.
If this land will bear Up cntjle, and is no'
stony, plough " by all means and lay
smooth,-*41 do >h talt" that are old un t
plough wfh ?rfoit lays, Urtl edging W
now plough hII such lands, but never plan
them. Seed them down at once to grass, aw
you will get your reward the very next sea
son. There is no mistake } in most cases
if you manage rghtly, you will obtain liny
I enough to pav you at the first cutliu/.
It is not advisable to "pare und burn'
soils that can be readily turned with thf
plough. There are meadows abounding ir
| moss and in other vegetable mat er, whirl
mbV be brought in o English grass more
cheap! >' by the process of paring and burnino
thunby any t f'cr: but the plough is the granc
instrument with which we bring hard land?
? ii :
to a proper condition onu t"e wonu imn?
cheaply revolutionized l'lus I^in ,n 0M)
j oilier manner.
As the 44 meadow nearest to the bigl
bank," if 44 mullein" grow on it, Englba
gross may?hut you cannot plough well
ground that abounds in hassocks. We hovt
known one a match for six oxen?they m*)
be cut with a sharp bog hoc, but if they an
abundant, the cheapest mode is to cover
them up with sod, and this may be don<
more easily before cutting the grass than af
terwnrds.
For n hint on making good mowing ol
such lands, our correspondent is referred tc
OU" last paper, which was not issued when
he made this inquiry. If he fears it may lw
Hooded before it has b -come well swarded,
he may sow rye with h s hayseed, then
mow tire rye early next summer for fodder
and he may have an after crop of grass,
We cannot keep in English grass land thai
is long flowed in winter; but an occasiona
flood in spring will do no injury where the
land is well swarded.?Boston Cultivator.
From the Carolina Planter.
FLORIDA,26th August, 1940.
Mr. Editor: .
In your paper of 29:h July I read som?'
directions for measuring corn cribs, &c.
taken front the Genesee Farmer. I have
long used the following method, which is
shorter and more simple, and accurate enough
for the common purposes of the farm.
?t.
1. Mulip'v the length of the crib, &c. b)
the breadth, and that product by the height
to get the cubic or solid feet in It.
2. Deduct from this sum (the solid feet,]
oue-fith of i's amount, and the remaindoi
w ill be the bushels of grain, shelled corn
t> .1 - L :L *_!?
G?'\ imi inecriu couiums.
3. Of corn put up in the clean car, twr
buslcls will shell out one. When well slip
shucked, you may allow there to oil". Or
if housed in the rough shuck, it will take
four or five for one.
4. A crib holds a trifle more than the a
mount thus obtained : so, if you want to Iw
very nice about it, throw in one to every 234
of the above calculation, and you won't misi
it a bushel in the biggest crib in the State.
On second thoughts, you had oetier omi
the date of th's, or else get n Carolinr
school-master to cypher it over and certify
to it, if he finds it right, or it will not be be
lieved, as coming from Florida. For I an
told it is quite a principle now in Carolina
to discredit every thing they hear Iron
Florida, unless it is about uthtm savag*
Injins /" Thanks to the efforts of your bij
speech mak ng and writing agriculturists
w ho rail out against emigration and nev
countries, in order to reconcile the propl
to ?h< i' flint hills and redgul/ies. I wonde
I ho v many of these g"ntleni"n are iridcblei
| for the advantages they have enjoyed in en
I luring life, to the early migration nnd enter
prize of their fathers or grandsires, in new!;
settled Carolina ?
These remarks are rather out of plact
and I feel myself getting u li tie spiteful, an
will step them. The fact is, we emigrant
from the Palmetto State, though proud c
her still, have had some pretty hard and ut
kind raps on the sconce, " for desor ing tl?
honos of our ancestors,*' and may be allow
ed to slip in u word in the way of retuliatioi
without any serious alienee.
! As I feH in the humour to scribble n Hill
i longer, let'us change the subject, and reco>
erour good humour, while we consider of
| A GOOD WAY TO KEEP SWEEr
POTATOES IN WARM WEATHER
| I now have sweet potatoes (yams,) of la:
year's growth, on my tablo every day, o!
, though the new crop has been fit ;o use hei
for more than a month. This is the s^oon
year of my success in keeping them throng
the summer, after a great many preyipi
experiments anq failures, nnd others nut
like ?o know nnd try the plan for tnemsejve
( Here it is.
I. ! made n plentiful crop.
2. My potatoes were dug nnd put up
. mild, open weather, as soon as the vin?
were siitged by frost.
8. Tne eating potatoes were enreful
picked over, and all that were cut <
* bruised, were put by themselves for car
use.
4
0
C* A Z
1 D V E R T
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBI
.1 4. They were then put In heaps ofSOor I
s 100 bushels each, on ground a little slop- f
, ing. The heaps were covered first with n
; layer of dry corn stalks, and these with a
. good coat ofoarth, taken from the margin n
i of the heaps. By this menus the earth on j ?i
! which the heaps rested, was left 10 or 10 ' s
, inches higher than that a Ijoining, besides i li
i cutting trenches to carry off the rain wnt r. s
i There were no air-holes or vents left at the j r
i lop. The earth used in covering is a sandy j r
j loam. These potato banks were protected j i
i from rain by slight clap board shelters. ! \
5. In the spring, at the time of planting | f
\ slips, rny eating potatoes were also taken j n
out of the banks. Tho decay up to that p
time was about 15 per cen*. 'i he potatoes '
were generally sprouted. Those that were j \
entirely sound w-re selected, the sprouts s
1 | carefully removed, the potatoes wiped dry, ;
. I but not exposed to the sun, and removed to j s
, I a lug house, on a dry plank floor, where j [
. L. : i f~- ! .
' | iney reniauiew i??r us'-, wiihuui iiny iu'hu i i
attention. The loss from decay since they
' were put in the honse, has been equal to a.
? bout 10 per ct. more. | think the loss would
i have been less, if then; had been more room
? to spreud out the potatoes. A gin-house
i would be a fine place to keep them in dur;
ing the warm weather. I4\-r I have found
I that Irish potatoes can be k<pt there longer
i and better than in any other place 1 have
t lied.
A s to the best method of keeping Meet
potatoes llho' winter, the following story
i may direct your a'tenfion to n quarter, from
r which you may obtain s.?me useful inforI
rr.aMon.
; fn li.r Fall of 1R33, I called at the house
' of J. G. near the VVateree canal, lie had
! just put up his pof'do crop?chiefly in a
house of the following construction. It had
t a double log wall, and the space between
the w;i||s (15 or 18 inches.) was filled with
earth. The top or loft was floored with
f stout puncheons, and these covered over
> with clay 10 or 12 inches thick?above
i which there was n common board roof.
i The ground floor was sunk about two feet
, b**low the surface of the earth. The urea
i of the house was about 8 fl**t wide, 8 feet
high, and 15 feet long, which he computed
. to hold 800 bushels. It wus entirely filled \
I with potatoes. J <
' YVhnt struck me most, was, to see the :
door (die only opening to the house,) closed I
up, and all the same in the shutter nnd fa- i
cings, carefully chinked up with co'ton and I
tnr?if I rem^mlwr righ', Mr. O. gave tic
following explanation.?ForUO or three <
yenrs, on first housing his potatoes, he was i
careful to have the door kept open until the t
had gone thro* n swuat?yet found that he s
j often lost a third by dry rot. A'. Icng.h he t
was told that the air ought to be carefully t
kept out until the sweat was over. The 1
truth of this was strongly confirmed to his <
r j mind, by the recollection that in using bis I
j potatoes ho found that the farther they lay I
1 from the door the sounder they had kept. lie |
. added that he had preserved two crops on '
the new plan, with entire success?and that |
after the sweating was past, the door was
' often left open nil day, in cold weather, with- 1
} out any sensible injury to the potatoes.
Would it not confer a public benefit, for
you to learn if this plan continues successful,
and give vour readcis the information ?
5 W*
I
Talma Christi.
^ To the Editor of the American Farmer:
Sir.?You will confer a particular favor |
j on n friend and subscriber, by publishing j
, at the earliest period in your useful! paper I
f i (the American F?irmer)the most approved j
mode of the cultivation of Pulma Christi j
1 and manner of preparing for manufaetu- |
ring of the cold pressed oil (01. Ricini)or;
'' 4 ? - Ck.l ui, I, a o/.nf U'H (ll.r'rinlinn (if lIlM '
-j I VH a vv/iiviaw i|miv/?* ? ...
t machinery.
? In answer 'o our correspondent, we siiik, j
'? join the desired information in regard ro a
v part of his inquiries from old volumes of,
e the American Farmer. VViih respect to |
r the machinery used we should be pleased ;
d to be favored with an answer from any one j
' having the'power to furnish it As Dr. Muse, j
' and Mr. VV. Stabler of his State were for- j
y I merly engaged (and perhaps ore now) in j
i the cultivation of the Palma Christi th?y!
1 mny be enabled to give some additional in- !
d j formation upon the subject.
s I *
jj- j The culture of the Palma Cliristi, or the ;
( the Castor Oil Bean, is very simple. It I
e may be planted at the distai ce of two feet j
! (two may in a hill) in rows three feet j
, , apart. It does not require what farmers
call much working. To keep that plant J
when it is small, free from weeds, with a ;
0 small flat hill round it is suficient. Alight (
fm 1 sandy loam is the soil mest songenial to its
j growth and bearing, although it may be
p ; cultivated with success in almost nnv Soil
11 - f J _ !ll
J tolerably fertile, it is nettrveu n win jm??st
I per in any climateor situation where Indian
j corn can he raised. I have seen bu*
.e I two kinds of tlrs plant although I believe
icj | there are many. One is much larger than the
,fr other and requires a warmer soil and sit^
: Uution than '?ho smaller kuid. Both I be- |
lV |ieve possess the same medicinal proper- i
3 ties. The difficulty in the culture of these
beans is in the saving or gathering llicm? I
the outward coat of t^e bean as it dri'-s, be. j
;n I comes elastic and flies off' from the plant to I
! a considerable distance leaving the been to j
j drop on the ground. The only method I j
j.. i know to prevent this is to rut ofF the j
Dr | bunches from the plants when they are be. j
jv gining to explode?to spread tbem on I In*!
j floor of a close room?arid alter thn bean j
t ftod its sh< II have separated to clean the
, ; . - ,
I Z E R.
miiibiibim ?^ gggggggaMg-MW
211T4, i84a "
?wimirmcwn.^ .iw'j'i-.'i..
ittdi.s from the seed hy a common wlic.it
an, or dridlca and n rlr.ifi of air.
Yj IIiiLLIXOSWnRTff.
Tnere arc fevrnl sp<>c:es of the Rici.
ins Tiic R. communis h ihe spc-ies
ised in medicine. Tito r-d ami the blue
.talked memiivicd bv Mr. Ronrdley* are pro
lably no morn l!i:in varieties?having the
amc l< nf. Nevertheless the reel is 'o be
ejected because it lias on inherent aerimo.
iv to the palate, so that it appears the ins'ant
t is expressed like old oil. As to its being
loisonous, it is no more so than the blue?
or the shell o {th". seed of either wdl op?Tite
wj.h alarmin2 v'olrnce bo h as emetic
md cath?iric,-and it Is hut a few days since
hat a family in Baltimore experienced their
tolencc from ratine about a half a dozen
iceds. From this locality of the active
part it is more than probable that if the
ihell was separated before exprcsion, or
poiling that a hland oil would he produced
>f little or no medicinal properties(i. e. purjative.)
ft is equally probable tU.?t in
imes of the great scarcity of thi article that
he shells left after expression, (oil cake)
mpregnate a quantity of sweet nil (olive
>il) with the in-dicinal quali y. Much dispute
his ex stpd .as to the host method of preparing
the Castor Oil?some preferring the
poiled and others expressed. If the two prep,
rations are nicely Conducted thrrccRn he I
10 diff rrnce in the rnedicinnal excellence. |
The boiled may he burned by continuing tbo
process loo long, anJ we believe tliat the
plates of mills may be hen'cd so as to proluCe
an empVreUinatic flavor. But wilb
lie boiled a portion of water may he left
ind if bottled in thai condition and sent
broad especially in hot climates this waier
vill become bilg.- water bv the o:l absorbing
he oxygen and the oil will be tolerable for
?long tini" Ian will at l? nglli lose this ill flavor
by the escape of the hydrogen through
he pores of the cotk. Tiiis was a secret
mown only 'q a few druggists. Tlieexpresed
;i! comes otF with some pumice and remains
pazy W'ifhout any disposition to settle find
rom this circumstance it was objectionihle.
Not keeping so well rnd con'ainin
aime of the more active particle it wrsshF'
o be more apt to puke though quite flavor*
ess. But the manufacturer* now send it
:lear and fine and it is generally preferred
\nd universally prepared by expression in
ihcse United States. What methods the
manufacturers use (o clarify it we know not
but we hope that no lead or pewter is used
which is 9ome >im< s done in the West InJies.
A flannel of proper fineness made
into a conical big (llypncrates sieve) as
us d for jelly will do the business though
jlowly,?and there con he r.o doubt but thai
t may lie extracted bv boiling and skimming
the oil rising and the pumice mixing
with the water. Tim best imported oil
'onu s from Jeniaicn, Nevis and St. "Kit's. ?
Di Simmons method is purstiRcI in this latter
place from information clir? ct front the
place and it ih runs ly prepared there by
die blacks.?Tiie od from St Domingo is
generally ind flrrcnt or bad having the bdge
water on it. It is made near Calcutta in
quantity and sold for little more than the
value of the jar thc.t contains if, say 75 cts.
for three gallons/ but it is not good and is
generally very thin and In zy. A gentleman
from the West Indies informed us that
Cus'or Oil of 7 to 10 years sold very high
m some of the islands but fur why he couid
not tell;?perhaps if then well fluiored it
was a mark of great puriry.
From the Agiiculluiist.
Replv to Gen. Davie, and \V. Williamsesq.
It will be seen in the preceding essays,
that for expressing a few humbie opinions
hi relation to the general and partieular
rharac'eristies of Durham Ca///eand Berkshire
Ilogs. our esteemed correspondents,
Gen. A. J. Davie and W, \\ tlhams, Esq.
have fallen upon the w riter of the pieces n
||"> turn. M-? /?( ilu. \ irricnltiirint. ilia most
ill V* tf Ul|<. A ? w. ,,,v . . T _ _
unmerciful mantv r; and if our fronds'
assertions are io be accredited, the public
must beli? vo that the present writer never
"8i>w," <?r scarcely heard of one g< itiiiie
Durham or Derksdiro, before the bir'h ol
?h' se bright coruscations. Well, bo it so;
I have no personal pride to be gra'ifi'd, and
am more than willing for an enlightened
public lo judge who is righr, hut not before
hearing both sides of the question. (Jen.
11
D. gives some very wholesome advice to
the editors of this journal, to "read and
reject" pit ccs "culiMiliited to mislead by
intention or not," and the closiug argument
on this pan ot the subject is, that it must
be done lor the sake of this paper. Very
good ;?and this is the course I have, so far
as I have been concerned, till the present,
endeavored to pursue ; and I do declare,
that ol an the ante productions vvun whu-h
the [*iges of the Agrcuhurist have born
honored, those of G<-n. [). and Mr. \Vr.
(Gen. D.'s particularly) are best calculated
in my opinion to lead into error. 1 publish
them, however, because [ respecj both oi
the gentlemen as worthy personal friends,
and us tliey both arc deservedly and highly
respected in the United S a.es for theii
knowledge of horses, (not cattle and hogs J
I am the more willing, too, to give these
productions to the world, to let ourogricuh
ttirai ft tends see whut strange, confused
and unsatisfactory notions gentlemen, pro.
eminently intelligent in the history of out
variety of stock, have in reference to varieties
they have not thoroughly studied.
1st. Gen. D. tells us that 'Durham cattle
are not a distinct race," or breed; 4lhut a
cross of some two or tlireo different
breeds, thus producing a valuable
variety." Mv dear sir, vou should
y t v 9
t ?
p
trmutmulwbwi him ?a???mm
NUMBER 48.
p??CM?BM?
b6} very careful in the selecton of yrwir
words when you attempt to criticise otherf*
You say Durhams "are not a distinct rnce,**"
but "a valuable variety." You cannot
breeds wliicli you men ion wero different
and distinct races m the days of Adsm and
Nmh. No, sir, you are compelled to say*
bat the (in-sent improved Ayrshire# wereconstituted
a disincl race at some reCcuf
period, by crosses from o her stocks. So
of the Dutch, Hold-.mess. Yorkshire, &C-,
and why not say tue same of Durhams T
If you mean by a distinct breed, thai you
must trace baric to Noult's flood, there cannot
be found a single unalloyed race ?>(?'
cattle now on ear h ; but if you admit thai
all the pr sent bn-rdi? have been produced
bv, I do nor can- how many, crosses from
others : then. I say, upon the same principles;
the Durhams of this day nre a separate
race, ard among ihe most distinctly marked
breeds of cattle now in existence.
But it is an infallible law of nature, that
the product of two or more varieties or
breeds, is different from both or all, and
distinct ever af or. Kven in chemical exporiments,
this holds good. Take for example
two substances, such as oil and mI?
kali, no I combine litem on chemical prin.
eiples, anil lin y constitute neither od nof
alkali, but a new substance, different in Hs
qualities from either. In the vegetable
kingdom, ewJI? ss species of plants aro
produced, by growing two or more sorts
where -lie polled of one can impregnate
another. And it is true, that in chemistry
we can produce from different suh$tances?
having the proper affinities, a new body ;
and in the vgi-table world, new vegotuhlea;
and in all the animal creation, now breeds,
< x< ept the Durham cattle? Il l understand
your philosophy, it is, that many n?*w breeds
of ca'tle have been made, such hi Herefords,
D'-vons, by certain crosses;
'nit the Durhams, though produced in the
same way, are jet not n distinct breed. 1
am pretty certain that we plain farmers
cannot believe your lo"ic, and from your
gtod sens -, I persuado myself you will
not, after the second sober thought.
2 I. Gen. D tells us nex?, that the Di>r*
hums were made from some large wllttr
cable front Holland, crossed on 4lihe Scotch
Ayrshire nvlk breed." I do not say thai
friend D. is mistaken, or that his position
is untrue ; but to me it is new, and lacks
proof. All that our correspendent know#,
be has learned fiom others; and on this
maitei h* has no advantage of us. Wo
are told in the treatise on cat le, published
by the Soc ety for the diffusion of useful1
knowledge? winch perhaps is among tho
la st work on the subject?lh-'t .tho shott
horn Durhams were produced hy crosses
on the Teeswnter s'ock. There are three
crosses mentioned, but nothing Baid of the
Ayrosbiros nniong them. 1st. Sir Wm.
Quinton brought some bulls and cows from
Holland, which were crossed upon the breed
of the country ; p. *223. 2d. It is suppo*
sed anoth r cross was wi:h the Teeswaters,
and the wild white en1 tie of the country;
p. 229?and 3dly. It is 6tat< d that Chard*
Colling made an advantageous crow with
the polled Galownys ; p. 230. There it
little doubt with me but C. Coding's Hubbock
was the sire of the present improved
short horns of England and America.?
Huhbot k was the sire of the dam of Mr.
Coding's hull Fo jambe, who wat the grand
sire of Favorite,"?indeed Foljambe tvaa
the sire of both the dam and sire of Favorite,
back to which most of the short.hortui
trace. This Testimony, lo me. it of more
weight than onr respected correspondent's
assertions. However, il Gen. D. h??a any
proof to sustain himself, I will give it up,
for tniih is what I wan'; and 1 have neither
interest nor pride of opinion on this matter,
But I must he pardoned for saying diet
11 tend D. writes in too loose n style for ti
c f 11 ? ii r !
mutter o> tact man. ne ceil* us lor msinnce,
that the Messrs. Ceiling were of Yorkshire,
whenever ho'ly ought to know, that botf>
Charles and Robert Colling lived at Darl*
rng'on, in the county of Durham, where they
produced, by the assistance of others, the
celebrated br ed now under dweuaxion."
St'. Wc arc told that " color is no criterion"
?>f Durham. I will venture to44 guess" there
i is scarcely a man Jiv ng who is acquainted
with the genuine Durhams, that agrees with
General 1>. on this point, Ifcolor is no tes\
black and dun cattle inay be short-horn Durhams,
which is too monstrous to tlnnk or talk
about. In my essay in the Juno number, I
contended that the two or gina I colors were
red and white, as quoted from Mr. Berry, but
that there were various combinations of theae
colors in purely bred animals. I contend
then, that the most fashionable and approved
colors, at this day, are the roans and whites;
and I am of the same opinion still. I am sorry
1 that Mr. Williams adduced old Champion and
Sam Patch, to prove that roans and whites
i were n??t always the true colors, when every
body that has seen Champion, knows that the
red and white are so interspersed, or " speokled"
(in Mi. W.'s language) over him, that he
| is almost a good roan ; and as ior Sam ratcn,
be is a beautiful white, with a fcw red spots
about hinu I now state my views so as not
' to be misunderstood ; and first?that it israre1
1)', ifevcr in this country, rto see Ja genuine
Durhnra entirely red-*(mind, I do not poeiriv.
I e!y say there are none such, but I have not
, seon many, if any of them.) Second?they
may perhaps be reds, or red and white, that is,
spotted and spec bled?but I repeat, that the
' fancy colors of the times, are roans and white -',
but never blacks, as the General would seem
to contend. [See June number of Agrieultu
rist.j
Berkshire Hogs.?The General says in re.
fcren:e to my remarks on Berkshire* that thewriter
Mis more unfortunate, in the view he
has taken of the subject?he seems entirely
ignjrant of the subject on winch he proposes to|
enlighteu hij readers. ^ should iq(et| fceift
4- '