* V
fesse* ?ey^w"wiwawgwg!gm?:
VOLUME V
JpMpWPPBIpBB^pWMBBPWWByCB?lB8PWRS*y?fff^^nSS^yyfffyri
TO? 8??&&g&gT) IEDITOR
>ND PROi'lII ETOR.
TERMS:
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No paper to be discontinued bat at the option j j
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Advertissments not exceeding sixteen lines, c
inserted for one dollar tho first time, and fifty , f.
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tec io specify the number of times they are to be !
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ordered out, and charged siccordingly.
1jy The Postage v*'-?st be' uaid on- all comma t
nications. t
i\"Fidkl:ty? .(
Wo m<i?ht ask the patrons of infi-Mi'y j
what fury impels ih- m tojo tempt the sub- ' version
of CurtslinniiyT^ps it that thev .
have discovered a better system? To who? r
viitues *ro their pcincip!es favorable? O. (
is there one winch Christians ' have not (
carried to a higher perfection than any o' (
0 Which liteir party can hots! Have ill v \ L
discovered a more excellent rul of life, or .
h better hope in death, limn that (lie l
Scriptures suggest! Above all, what are j
tin? prtjh psious on which they r< st their ^
claims to be ti e gutd-s of mankind?or '
whicii emti >I(J us them to expect uc should ,
trample upon t k? cxp'-rienee of ages, and j
ab o.doii u religion which has !><? ? attested
by a train of muscles an 1 prophecies,-in
which millions of onr lor-l.i hers Iwive
found h~ refuge in evecv tronhl**, an 1 ecm1
S
" * i I _
sol a* tun lit tiie hour ot dentil: a reHgion
*1
w hx'ii lian It -I'll ad-rued with :1ns i.i^h'-st
8 nictity of diameter ' ?<! splendor of talents
which enrols among its dsei?>| s the
r. urn s of Bacon. N -wton, mi 1 L<i"ke, the
glory of t.eir species, ami f?? vvn.f i, these i
illustrious men were proud to dedicate the
last arid b-'st fruus of tiieir-iuinior nf gf n:us! ^
it tb?r qu'Tiliou al issu is to b" deoitl'-d '
by urgu:ntfi\ no hing can be a?IJ d to ih (
triumph of Cmistcuuy; if by an apped to 0
authority, vdi ?l Imve our adversaries to w
oppnfo to these great nam >? \\ li re* arc ;|
Xhu infi.J Is of such pure, uucout animated u
morals, unshaken probity, an J c.Ven l<d ^
benevojtwe, tliit we should be hi danger ^
ofbemg seduced into impiety by their e\- |(
ani|>i '/ In o what obscure presses ot ^
misery* into what dungeons have theii ()
pli I tfllhmpists penetrated, !o lighten I He
fetters and rdicvo the sorrows ot' the help,
less captive? W ha I b:i Parous tr bes have
th ir apostles v.site- ? What distant climes
have ih? y explored?encompassed with
cold, nakedness, and want, to diffuse prin.
ciple* ol virtue, and the blesshigs of civdi7.
?tion? Or will liny rather choose 'o wav?
their pretensions !u th.s cxtrnordinatv, and,
in their ey?% eccentr.c species of b ncvolenee
(foi infidels, we k;iow,:ir- sworn ? nem.es
to enthusiasm of every sort.) and rest
^ the r character on their political explo ts?
on their < flurts to reanimate the virtue ol
a sinking st ileito restrain licentiousness, to
culm the tumult of popular fury, nnd b\
incalcuJuting the spirit of justice, moderation,
an J pity for fallen greatness, to nii:L
g.ilu the-inevitable horrors of revolution? our
adversaries w ill at lta-l have the discretion,
if not the mod ;s'y to recede from the
s' test. V
More than all, their infa'tiHted eagerness,
their parricidal zeal to extinguish a s use of
D ity must excite astonishment and hoiror.
Is the idea of an nlin'goty and perfect
Ruler unfriendly to any passion which is
consistent with innocence, or an obstruction
to any design which is not sham -liii to
avow? Eleru d God, on what are thine
enemies intern! What ure those enterprises
of guili and horror, that, fur the safety of
I heir performers, require to b: enveloped
" ? ...I....I. -tSu in n nl lii'nvi>n i
hi a uuiKir 3> i ii< - .. .
must not peirc* f M serable nvu! Proud ,
of being lite sftspring of jcbaiice?in love (
wi:h un.versa! disorder, whose In >pi:iess (
is involved in the belief of th?ro being 110
wi n*'ss to th ir d< signs, an.i w o are at ,
ease only because they suppose themselves ;
inh ibitor) s of a forsaken and fath^rb'sss j
world. * Robert Hall :
I
DuBHAMS AND CoNTROVEBSKV - \U <1 f '
< Berkshire*. 1
From llic (Tentiesse) Agricuituet.
Messrs. Editors :?A Ire nd band- J m?*
the June No. of t >e Agriculturist, and oai i
I'xJ my a tontion to two urt;cles, wi hour t
citrrintiirM on tho uuhi, rt <iT Dm I lie Wild [1<>CS I
?these nre intended to ins ruet the public <
and abound in advice. Now it aught good i
is to come of thorn, we nius: be assured first, i
that they are written by one conversntr with t
the subject, anJ u! the same time he should 1
hnve no possible interest in the matter; an I
^ t cannot bo necessary to say to you, that I
pieces liable, to even a suspicion of t
uch charges, must surely injure the stand- j
iitg and usefulness of your paper. i
It is equally evident that if slid; p.rces I
are calculated to mislead, by intention or <
not, they mhst ho fital to thai cause your I
paper whs established to promo e, and it i
becomes your duty as Editors to read and <
reject them. J
Now the papers above alluded to are sub- I
ject to uii those objections ; for although I
. written with the p,;n of a scholar,. they are t
filled with blunders nod misstatements-; (
those who believe will be mis'ed. and those I
who reject fltem will r**jirt >our Journal. <
J do not propose fo lyliow fym through the) ?
.J .V D
J.BIUWL _ J U BB?iMgJMUPJl U-iimDJ-'-l- l HJI'i
CI1ER.
ro* ''V-'M sUtvuL. ,.Hu|uaiH .? ? "J? *
articles, but to make such remarks on Cit.
le and Hogs, cs my personal observations
in E iglund, where tliey have been bred, en- j
) hie me to verily.
It has I een the custom of all writers here J
an the subject of Durham Catlie, to consider
hem a distinct race. Tins is not so, but a | <
jnion or cross of some two or three differ- J i
?nl breeds, l!ius producing a valuable vnri- (
sty. M my years since the Monks of Our. '
lam. procured from "some part of Holland <
i largo breed of \Y bite Cattle ; these were <
on?? famous for their size, but the beef was I
:ocrs % and they were expensive feeders, <
>ut a crops from theni on the Scorch Ayr. ?
hire milk breed, made the present itnpmv!?l
S.'iorrJioriicd Durhams, from the Ayr-J;
hiies, th"y got the beautiful form and high 1
inisli and plump figure, and from this Dutch <
he great size ?nd precocious growth; in col- I
>r they have been of every combination of I
vhito and r> d : thus the stock oi the Karl of j I
Ulu-sterfitld wore mosrly white, uncommon- I
v handsome, and generally deep milkers. I
riui.se of Mr. C\;lJu)gsof Yorkshire, u vry i
hstingthshed breeder, were turners dyj;
dan, of gre w !>eau;y, rapid or early matun- I <
y, and invariably had suckl rs; no one in ; ;
eri would give as much milk as o raise her j 1
rail w<*|l, nor furnishing one drop for family , i
ise. Ia Lancashire and Ciu-s. r \ many of [<
he finest bred on?s are red and white, aiul | I
isuully tine milkers; many of these last
iu\e black noses, yet they are nil [)ur tains
so called) an I are there regarded as more j >
nineties of ine same stock. As to color, ,
t is no criterion, that is often the elf ct of j
ushion or caprice ; soma supeiinr
)uil or cow appears ami at the /air is j?ro_
touncod the hest; immediately it is the fi*!tonjto
raise of that pardcul tr color ; thus | i
ionic ycats hackthe red witii somo|i;;I?- white
ihout the head and fl inks, wi It pieil ! ;>*, <
\asall tin; fashion ; tins was tlr? color oi ?
* i '
l.e Ay resit ires-; to tltc.se su.ee d?ul the i
) tr !y wit te, uttd these in Mm have yiel Jed ^
o tot* rout as tilt; ton ; jot ail these v ?rietics
i.'?v" s ill their advocates. !
Cllurhc, a famous Ln!i that stood some :
ears near Liverpool, tin? property of Mr. >
JJon iei, was nearly ail re 't some hale v\.iite,
rn st of tlis calves had Mack noses, v?-l no i
me doubted tlte purity of his hloo and he i
vas the most popul tr ball of Lancashire,
l
nd became worn oui from excess ve s ?rv- :
e u: lour yours old ; iio was a |>r'/.e ball. I
ii tbo Lancashire Lir in lMJl), the two ?
ri/.o buds, one roan and (he other nearly <
id, some Imle while abuiitj ban ; and tin* ! \
rize sacking calf, 1 lie property of. mid bred j i
y Mr: Lowods, was a red with very hale J I
mite ; a: tins (kit five bulls, 2 and 3 years j t
Id, btt'd by ?br C- Mos yn, worn sold al i
uction by Mr. Lucas and brought fine
incus, d these one was pure 1 bite an ! four i
ncd J ofthese last two of litem had black i
KJSCS. Tii is last circumstance di I not in '
tie leas: atfirei their sale, as a bull named | ,
If re wood, from whom they cK-ri v?-il teat I
nark., was in Ins day the fin-si bull in the
'ou.itry.
Some years since, the Rev. Mr. Horry
md some other yentlem ui in the north, ol ;
lvn'1 iii I. wis111:iif to ill ike some improve
? "r*
nun! in the ihirhams, which m my doomed j
oo thin in tin? skin, the Tanners complain- ;
eg of the hides, and also to r? fine the qu.ili y
if the beef, as they were bred nj> to great
,\l<- and consequently coarse, m ade a cross I
villi tile Scotch Gal ways ; these are iiivarahly
black and poled 01 no horned ; from j
hose the b!aek nosed variety are descended, :
ind are there deservedly popular, us they '
tro often fine m Ikers and easily k-pt. O. j
he celebrity of Mr. Berry it is scarcely no- j
pessary to say one word, as no one convcr- j
sunt with the subject can bo ignorant of the j
ugh value set on his s ock. Tno Darbum*
auk us the first slock in Lngland, but it is
laying too much to assert they are- best for J
ill purposes; near all the I urge ci ies, u l? re
fairies are profitable, and tbe quaiitity, not f
be quality ol tiie milk, is the obj-ct Durlamsare
bred tin 1 used with groat success, ,
>u there the milking quuhies uro coi?>i .'erod
it the breed ng ; not so in the interior conn- i
ies ; hero the indk is oftiuie value, audi
hey nie bred alone for be f; thus S'r !
L. Mosfyn and Mr. Sootson always con idit
ill0 m ik?bonce the stock in Cheshire j
inJ Lancashire are valuable for the daiiy, J
} it in \ orkshire the cows from the ii rds !
Messrs, Collirigs or B ?tes wall scarcely raise ,
heir own calves ; they seem to make almost I
wo distinct breeds, hut are in truth bui '
.
armfi- ? of he same, from the fact tiny are ;
>re?i for dtlf-reut qualities an J purpos s. !
Karl SpenCes, one of thoniost dis in^uishod :
brcedi rs in E.gland, at an agricul.ural Jul- |
ier, staled, that it'you wished to keep -up !
he beauty an J value of the Durham stork, J
it is necessary every few years to lake a |
:ross from the Ayshire bull; thai his tavo- !
ri'.e cow, then deemed by many the finest I
in the kingdom, was hut two removes from
...
the. Ayrshire bull ; from this opinion no one
dissented.
Yeur correspondent has much to learn on
this subject; if you place any estimate on
the quality of the milk, the Ayrshires are
greatly superior; they aro generally fair
milkers as to the quantity, yielding from four
to eight gallons a day ?in quality there is no j
comparison. As bc? f cattle, the black j
Scotch always sell at a higher price, both to
he butcher and ;n the market ; first, b caus
; there is less coarse beef about the
Scotch, and the hide brings a better price
from the Tanner; the beef, too, in Smith- j
(ltd J sells about one cent in the pound higher :
han the Durham ; of this- any one who \\ill I
consult the price current may convince '
liemseives. As to keep, they will raise as
:heap as the common cattle of the country, !
da their superior form makes feed tell oq j
'
/
?
'ERA W Jl
AAVTSOU ril-CAKOLINA,
jiiy mm " < iwinwi ii?www?i i ? ?nw?wji?
thum better than the scbrubs; but in this igi
particular they are not equal to the Scotch. I thr
A few years since, in p issing through the' we
estate of the Dukcof Sutherland, I saw in id!<
one grass fiolJ about 70 or 100 black II gh- I am
land cattle, and in another adjoining about: co!
00 fine Duiliuin cows. On enquiry I was J nui
tol l that it was the cus'n;n of his Grace to : aaj
hive from Ins estates in Scotland, some fro
200 head'every year as beef; these came Be
Jown lean, and as the grass pastures were f anj
sat out by the Durhams?moi is, .vlien they ! tha
1) *g n to decline tliev were put on fresh is ?
itruss, and the black Scotch succeeded, nev. j oft
?r falling to gel in fine condition, where the { bai
Durhanis could^harely subsist. Some wiil jofi
<ay, how then with these objections can the I wh
CTrrrliains bc-frm most valuable stork of tfie ent
country, this is ih : inducement; it is assef- tici
:ed, and I bidwvo it is true, tbat you can . 10
rais? u larger amount of beef in a - shorter i m?i
O % I
im-' from the Durham sio k than any in the J we
kngdom,it will come to market one year car- j giv
lier than anv other. Hut this matter oI value i ;
is by no means-s tiled, even thereat a great { yo
agricultural fair last year in Scotland. alien- i Re
ied by niany* gentleman from England, I-in i
several well informed Scotch members as- J pa
suited tint the native br- eds ol Scotland hud j of
not benefitted from anv mixture,.a id d<?pr> - mr
sated all crossing even from the fa ned Dur- wh
hams. ' . * | ar?
An arti?*ln in the same paper on die j or>
Hoiks lire Hogs is s ill more unlurunate in is 1
[lie vic .v lie has taken of the sUbjc't?he I to
seems entirely ignorant of life subject on hci
which lie proposes to enlighten his readers, j no
I should infer from reading his piece,- lie i hu:
hud n -ver in the course of his hie seen one j juci
Heikshire iiog?dial lie hud read only the j qui
isticles penned by those interested in the pn
sale of that pnrticu ar breed so highly re- an
cnnflivn feJ liy liuih" First then I say, that sta
dl the genu n U nkshire hogs wh ch gave ; rcA
name and distinction to this breed, were ' |>y
Dure ic.'ide or Ji^ht sandy?bey were hogs 1 Ei
if incjimn heigh , great length, and attained
great siz", some of them from forty to fitly wa
score, and wh"n fat, lac hams lean, plump ,,w
and hail Isoui'v'ho ears of cmmn'in ? z s | in
-.l.iiiJiiij; fof.vard. The Earl of Durham j Ids
aus a bo ir of this breed, pure white, esti- j we
iiated at 2 years old to weigh 4.~> score. ' wi
Mr. E dies of Livnpou! England, had a i sin
3oar of the same b;eeu, not s* pure a white, I the
io was the prcrr.turn boar at tiie L uicastiire j ve
tnuual fair for IS >8 Ho was estimated to, Ki
weigh 40 s ore ut i.'J months old?these fro
,v c/c_r''presented as genuine Berkshire pigs, dii
md questioned by iio one. " Now" ibv4mg*
n re sold its Berkshire* may have come |ai
rom the Shire, hut tuey inve been named iht
lie improved. Berkshire. ? i her by those wifo em
>ro d li an to.scil lor t .is market, or by on
.iiose who bring, them, and iniiher in form ted
u?r color rot) nhle t ?e thorough-bred, pin
Pliese hogs are bre i f. o n a Berkshire sow
nid the Idlack lo.ir ut S-um. and therefore nil
hut half breeds?t.iev l??vo not the same in;
length, ?niis turn illy smaller, more picked, let
and are,I think, aitog. thcr a handsomer hog nn
than the pVe Berkshire, and therefore the en
l?ss reason to efidcuvor to el-v.-fe them at to
tilt: expense of the bre?ul. As- to the dis- de
inction about llie tail, ihe writer, if he had on
nred iruny hogs, would have known tha: of
the profile of a lion's tail depended on li s jo
feed?a fat hog's tail generally quir/s, a ;he
poor hog's never. op
As to li s roeo.nmonthnions obou! pure si?
!?l.?o 1 and record pedigrees, we see 11 nil'Jin tlo
eulogies and roeomm mls boih catilo and ca
hogs, produced by a cross, line u is true., iijt
li.il still h.ili breeds aecuidmg to him. As be
- .1... ..Liirn 11-i> l.ir lori 11,1
'O | ICO Ig 1*0'' J* t IS 1'IU nuici 1...1 .... ..... .
shillings I can gc; him from Liverpool or en
London u certificate drawn lip in form for tlx
any stock he rr.ny noio/ncc at home, apd ih
such names to them as ho ni.iy wLlr ? Th ; ha
me plan is <> hoy them of men ol characltr | (hi
imJ standing /lure, and wi li Midi qualities j mi
as 50U fi' S ro. It you buy of tne L irl of j t.o
Cin'sa r icld. you may r ly 011 gutting as fine j fat
stock a> any in L igl in '. an j his S ewurd j a 1
may know wh.ti fini! was on the est-to at 1 tin
tho time, hot t!i-s is the extent ot tho pc Ji- ! ).ai
gee you could obtain?ii'uy of a d a'er in , kn
one of tho shipping ports and you can have j sum
just such a yjd'gree as y >a wish. The j taj
?tni k brought by Mr. Wait, bum C ?rtlo and co
Hogs, were fine, hir it is rather li ?rJ to do- | Lt
iio.ince ..1, others us eojnter'e is?manv fine \ yo
cuttle li ve b. c.i brought h re and oJKun- iio
tuoky, and I nuc.h q-ios ion d experience tht
Will not deuionstratn that p. cross Iroin the iuj
late importations on tho best old stook of hir
KontuoKV, will not mak" our most valuable |,t:
breed, lor the dairy and the snnuibl s. ae
Pcrui't in , sirs, to say to ilio wr't<T, that yo
one wno wntes for the pubitc slioutd make 1 i{1
iiimsell acquainted with bis s ihjeot and j mi
neve- Lr'p, least ho may be ussaiied by tliose .ec
whom iio denounces.' | inr
1 iv li at s one I isure moment (p rliaps) j fro
offer you some articles o.i Cuttle-nnd Hogs, rei
A. J. Davis. frci
t
? ne
DURIIAMS, BEItK<HIRES, &C. eH
Messrs. Editors :?We d'ss-mt in some j no
ins'annes from iln;spirit of l!?e article iu the j ;ui
6:h No. of tiie Agriculturist, ln-a led Fd- dis
ucation of Farmers." A"d the rul< s laid ho
down in the articles on Durham cat Ic and ! ihi
Beikshiri1 hogs are, in our opinion, too nar- | Jog
row. To bruin with the last first. You mi
*1
have Coine to the conciu.si >n that nil H white f.?i
lierk shires, or white interspersed with a few thi
black spots, are sh'.er counterfeits." . You na
say, ' from your own observation, and ac? in<
curding to the latest Fnglish w'rit* r.s, and all j ful
responsible Americans, who have spoken !
on the th-y are invariably Muck,"
&c.~pp. 129, 130. Now, sirs, if you look
at the Franklin Farmer, vol. 3, p. 327,.you ?<
will find these iciuurks : & d vyas the or- i oe
J - i? ~ <
'M ft- > V?.- - *- '
?AZ
D V E R T
WMen?UBIHHW? MMBWBWW
WEDNESDAY, OCTOl
nal and has been the pmvading color of
j Berskshire hog. Thirty years ago there
re white a id black, mid it is perfectly
i to say that in an animal, th t is while
J black, a few hairs of the one or ihe other |
or, in this or that p'ace, constitutes a go. j
ino article or a counterfeit." Again, he |
s, 1 have a white boar. thai I imported
iTi England last fall, of the improved
rksA're breed, that will compare with
y oT Ha we'd or Lossing's /importations,
t have been kept in the same way, and
i third larger than my black Berkshire*
he satne age, that 1 purchased near Ah
iy." With most men tlf J^ire reading
ilie comma lieutions iht* author from
om A-e't^nract the above, will be suiTifito
shew that tie is not the man to pracu
imnositionr on o hers, or to suffer them
be practiced on him. But if yon want i
ire proof of his judgment ami honesty J
have among us K -ntuokians, w..o can j
e you all necessary information.
2Jly, As to the Durham* and their color,
u lay down the rule correctly from the
;v. H. Berry. With the rule before you
the-verv next sentence vou err most p dhly
in resTicimg it. 4* The combination i
the red and white, which Mr. Berry j
ntions, c;nw i'utes, as w? apprehend,
nit wo call roan, which, with the whre j
) the only fashionalrle and approved col- i
i." &<*. Yoii havo sx;r:u Sain Patch. He
very beautiful to look at, a.id very mellow
the touch, sind lie is to be found in the
*d book as I learn, but he is not a whir*',
r h roan ; he is a whie witii spots, and
i been pronounced by the derision ol our
Iges superior, an 1 what is of nfore con sorriice
to >h<> generality, his calves are sudor.
You have seen old C tampion, too,
i one ofydii saw him in his vigorous aoJ
tely toppings. He is neither roan nor 1
tie, hut speckhd ; and I have heard, that j
some accident, in being shipped from |
igland to Ireland, his p'-digree was, flout- j
I in the herd book. We saw before In* |
s injured. " Tis needless to spend niv j
n opinion ; the puhl.c have pronounced |
his favor, and given strong testimonial* to
i calves. Concurring wi h those remarks. |
j beg leave to quote again from the same
iter. * Tue color of tho- improved!
art-horns is red, or white, or a mix lire of
;se two colors. Cows iind hulls of the
ry bust p digreesaavc been imported into
,'Mucky, of ull tho colors- spoken of aim ve
mjho finest red to the,pure*, white, ineluig
spotted, and roan."?Franklin Farm
?l. i?i^ p .O/ei j Uyji) ??vtd ntly is l he
icy color, and ranks first, and eucli oi
s others have their advocating. At prest
the speckled seem to have Jt?hut time
i . ...:n /io,.i,i.. u. ii?.ilim- or the snot
ijr win uvv.>?>. - - - ,
I, or the wiiito arc to maintain the second
irv*. ?
3 !ly. Wengr<?e with you that ngficul'nschools
should be established, in :%viii?*li
ty be learned tin; rudiments of science,
ters, aud labor. Ait J it-will be found .
iper in the prosecu ion of the scheme to
dew hberaily an agricultural college?,>r
attach agricultural professorships, a gir.
n, and a pl uuutjou. and a farm to some
colour clasiicalamfscienufic institutions
tho highest grade. Trie union is thought
be impracticable by many, who-have had
tier opportunities than oursclf to form an
nion. But one thing is evident from the
;ns tl the faritr- rs eouiincrtee u- reforman,
they may expect to stand by it and i
rry it 011 it) completion witliouj legislative
I. And the farmers ought to be apprised I
foaltand that tln.-y.will riot carry their i
ited ranks to the undertaking if the aneit
languages are prospritrcd. Whether j
; study of L itirr and Greek he a good, or
heat training of the youthful maid, we
* * ' II.. ^
ve nut ilu umn to discuss. nui uuc j
ug is very evident, . a fanner's son [
ght by postib lily wish to obtain d s ino- j
a at ilie bar or in ihe senate. And a ,
lier, who bad the means, would be actio" !
lizard's p irt sbould he start his sou in o ;
; ranks iia.f equipped. We hive worthy ;
,vy<rs who are not linguists, bat with a
owlodge of the language, th"y eould pro {
:ute their pio'ossion to more odvaii
je, uud ,tniicli more to their ovn j
mlbrl, Instead cl reasoning the case,
us wind up with a a ory. Mr. was a I
ung rn in ol decided talent, and his amb i |
n proinjited him to go to tho bar without I
; usual preparation. Toe practitioners |
general were lib r.d, and did not ussail j
n at tiis unfurlifi d point. But he was a
lu vain, au i an old practitioner thought a
utlo check mi- it be of service to the i
ung in in's Hiod'-sty. Being employed
a ease, and while the voung man whs I
ikitiga speech the, the old lawyer presen- j
I hiin one of the old reporters, the plead. I
rs being in JLutui. lie was met in the
mt of the case by B inc. Reg., and he j
id it Banc. Reg., and as he raise d his eye j
mi the page to see what wis In be seen, !
threw down the book and blushed to the j
rs. A man of ingenuous feeling ought |
t lo be exposed to such excruciating tor- !
e. L itm and Greek are not equally n- ;
ipensable to a legislator, as to a pr.itunor
of law ormed'cino, we concede. Cat j
;sh lawyers aivl doctors are found in our
[islaiive halls, an 1 are to be met iih urgu- ;
sin by the merchants, mechanics, and
mors. That the professional mm ruls? |
; land, does not arise from their superior j
tural abilities, but fron) their better train- 1
I?and if the farmers >you!d have their
I weight in the councils of the country, |
;y Vjiust adopt that better training.
VViLuaMs. !
[The reply to the above ai.icles by the
iitor of th? Agriculturist, we shall copy j
Jit week I v '}' " - I
<
IE TT
JZER.
?
?ER 7, J840.
g.vui?rajg-*,j J..1.?svl?J,4 i ?jm..B?sagwwjn vi.ijjg
From"* Burl's Cultivator.
ECONOMY IN KEEPING IIJRSES.
Roberts, in his Agricultural Economy, main
tains that one pair of horses, well kept, are i
snfti icnt loain to work a fifty acre farm, and t
work it well, under the a.ternatmg sy&tem. J
Ins been proved, he says, that a loam going a
the rale of a mile and a half and .two mil g ai
hour, will plough in rrne hours as follows :?
Width of Furrow. Rates per hour. A. R. f
8 inches, 1 mile and ; i -I U <
9 inches/ do ! 0 2
8 inches, 2 miles, 1 I 11
9 inches, do. I 2 0
Th*ee tilings require attention from ever
man who wishes to keep horses well and ecu
nomic illy:?
1. The f??od must be natural for thorn;
2. The quantity of food requisite to keep thci
condition equal to }heir work;
3. The*b *t manner of g'viyg theirfood r* wit!
a view of its being speedily cattn, so that the;
may lay down to rest.
The natural food for the'horse, ?4ys our autho
is co n hay and grass; hut that under arlificia
nianuguiienl, there inay be advantageously sith
stiluted for natural food, or conjoined with il
potatoes, p rs.iips, carrots, turnips, and mang*
wortzol, together with straw, bean (and corn
stalks, pea haulm, vttohes, clover and othe
cultivated grisscs, cut green. '*
Hay's sufficient to keep a horse to look ai
hut corn is indispensable tocmaoje him to s>an
hard work. A horse requires tjurly pounds i
fry iood a day. of which a part must bo corn c
lis equivalent-; to those which work, o.ie poun
of good oats in equal in nutriment to thrc
pounds good hay. _ Heavy oats are worth moi
pound for.pound, than light-oats,,as wifl bo soe
by the [jilowing scale: ?
VV7. per Produce Prod it t
Irmhel. . iii meal. in firm
4'i bs lbs. 2 02. It) lbs. I i < :
43 lbs. 23 lbs. 6 oz. 16 lbs. Ill o;
3d lbs. 21 lbs. 12 :>z. .!<* lbs. 4 o
36 lbs. 2 I lbs. 3 oz. 1 "> lbs. 13 o
34 lbs. If? lbs. 11 oz. 15 lbs. 5o
32 11.8. 17 lbs. 5 oz. 14 lbs. 11 o
3.) lbs. 1C lbs. 1 uz. 13 Jbs. 13 o
In g ncsal the different kinds of grain a
nutritious in proportion to their vvcigl.t ; win
U i pounds of giecn food or roots are consider.
I equ il to one ol dry.
"SVn.it.:\i:r fodder bo used," says Mr. R ?berl
"shoalJ he supplied in firm as to be eat firt
j with, that the poor animals should enjoy r
| fre*hing.r'si; to s :cure this, the fodder nhou
[ he cut oi Cruih'.d, and placed iii a manukk"?u
a rack. Winn the respective feeds have boi
corisumoil, cvory horso will lie down to rest?i
hunger being satisfied, there wdl bo no tempt
lion to keep him standing for hours as wjuld
the case, wcr j bis rack stuffed with- hay, accoi
iug to the too g.meral custom of farmers. 'I'
nutriment coiu..iined in every kin I of grain d
pools upon its weight." It is to be rcuiurki
tfi.it concentrated food, as grain, will not do aim
there milst be something to increase the hulk
I impart the aimulons of distention, before t
I functions ofdigotion can be carried on in perfi
lion. Horses, therefore, and even fattening a
which arc fed hitrb with.grain, require c
.bay, or even straw, far this purpose, indcpCttdt
of the nutriment can they afford.
' \V> oi tlib quantity of hay supplied as hi-fi
.for hoi- ?,'* says- Mr. K.. " has hefii increase
ami the quantity of oats drtniuisbed, it has be
found ill I tile animals, though they appear to i
prove, as to the fitippjs oi their looks, were ric
erllielass noi so li iblo to stand h ird .work; ai
! oil the contrary,,wll.m the co: ii has been incn
I sod anJ the hay diminished, it has, been fou
that though the aiiiiu iIs might. as to feppaafum
I b: 1e.l:i"r yet lut tliey 'were, stronger, more eq*i
to II iid labor, and m l>clti:r working condition."
Troiu the Maine- Fdrmer.
' ntonrs of swine' iiAisjxG,* t
e. a. .
Air. Holmes; ?Although J claim not to I
an "experienced farmer?raiser of sarino,
vender of pork;" yet I shall venture a few r
marks submitted to the-consideration ofyo
correspondent K. S. known to me only by ii
I query in the F inner of June 13, p. ldl, un j
| the above qiuUtd heading. Ilia quosiiou?
| wit? 4iSupjM>siug round hogs to sell fof. (i 1
< cents per pouuf, weighing from tJUU fa 3(
pounds aftor thoy are slaughtered. welJ fatte
j those from 300 to hK) at 7 eta.-?never expeC
! mg much more or less than those prices-r-ca
j a farmer who knows how to keep swine, ar
I is careful of his-breed, atthrd pork at at tli
rale, and generally do better than' at otlu
branches of farming, all things coi.sidered.'"apppears
to my humble conception to involv
I more, so far as he in concerned, than can I:
' rei.d !y ami correctly answered, even by ym
mo'e "thinking experienced correspond -lift
| unless he shouid lirst make known, to- thei
| who* e his farm is located?'j suppose he In
one. though lie dor-s not tell us. exactly so)u
h it its situation, soil, and sta'e ofcultivntic
is together with whatever e]se tnay, i.n fl
i ,1,,^ ?,,h!pf.r mattt r of h
ItMSl. utar xpuii vnv. >. ?
question. And even then* if .your correspoi
dem be, as lie mi mutes, .1 "calculating (arn
er," Yankee or not, he might, perhaps, as wt
or better, come to the true answer as any or
could for h in. However, as he appears qtiil
solicitous some one should attend to him?an
! as no other has yet appeared in answer I
hiin, I Will endeavor to "calculate" a little t*
him, though, from the nature of tlie cas', in
I calculations may be yankeefied to serve ii
purpose. ,
We will suppose too, his farm (we mmi
nothing personal) has been so managed afon
I tune as (o render it miserably Uuprod Jdn
and barren of profit?a real ski leion, skn
and-b ines one, (there arc many such in Maim
i an J. that he is disposed to "turn over a ne
leaf," and prnsue a different course of Jun
bandry upon it; one that will require a lei
oi OU per tent its income to be returned I
ts shape of manures, dressings and otru
means to crin? h arid improve its condition:Further,
suppose F. ?>. has already made <
n,^!^ out-fit of suitable pfepan
can <;acm*v
lions far swine keeping?say (hi plain hn^'iof
I a btg-houss w ith a pardimmedately joining i
so fixed thai it will retain nii the water falliii
I up<?n it, ant! prevent any from running in fioi
' adjacent grounds,?and still further, suppo:
ho has a proper and convenient fixture, or ca
easily make one, for boiling or steam cookm
roots and other food for swine, so as to has
i every tfjing, ?n the least, connected wfth ff
business, convenient and ''neat to a checker,
I ?for very much depends upon this to the sui
j cess irt'any business whatever.- Lastly u
I wiH suppose the soil of E. S.'s farm is moi
' naturally adapted to the growth of roots, gras
cs and grain, than to that of other crops.I
With ail. these suppositions, and from facts
rae mentioned as data, we proceed to ''calci
jjaie"f<? your said correspondent. '
r
i j*
NUMBER 47."
2
It is found a hog will manufacture in a
season, if soil fed and plentifully supplied with
a" bog mud and other compost materials for mano
ure, from 30 to 40 load.' of half a cord each?
t By a season is meant the hogs lifetime-^-eay >
t 15 or 18 months. It is also found tfi* said
i, ho/, with but ordinary eating capacity, will
have consumed from 60 to 75 bushels of roets
?. ?s,1y potatoes and from J2 to 15 bushels of
0 grain ? s.iy barley when ground, at the age of
18 mos , at which time he will be fitted for the
D knife. The value of the roots may be iot at *
.) 12 1-2 cents per bu helfand the grain at 5
y cents, and cost of supplying them with mate..
r?als for manure?making 910 p?r hog.? ?
This calculation is allowed to coverall tb?ex.
pense of keeping the hog excepting the labor
r ol preparing the food and of feedmg him. The
manure ('his is an important item in the profits
1 business) is rated at'9 5 , 00 per load and the.
? hog, 400 lbs weight, Jit 7 cts. per lb.
Now for the figures showing the result of
i of the calculation, taking for granted lite great*
er numbers named to be correct.
75 bushels roots, at 121-2 c. per
1 bush., i
) ; 14 u grain at 56 c, ^ * 7,50
r l'or expense of supplying materi*
^ aL? for manure, 10,00 * .
l\ ,
? Total arnt. of feed, &c. per ho# 926,87 1
lf 400 Ibsvround hug at 7 c. ?28,00
|j 40 loads manure at 91,00 40X10.
! ? , '
x Total arnt. of income, 68,00
n ' ?
Balance in favor of raising
't swine, 941,12 1n
' - ?
L[i u will be noticed, this balance or inowne
i piay be varied, accordingly, as the price of
7. rnuis. srain, &c sljall be valuerj. The 400
i. ibs. of pork at 6 c. per lbs. it will be seen e*?
1 r - - _i^.? _ _ AISmt
z <:i*ed?. the total amount of tne Keeping 910,at
2 1.2 by If,12 12, u hich, i# it wore entirely sunk
1 Or consumed in the keeping of the hogs yet
rc certainly aigers a profitable busJnew, taking
I'1 111 view the air oiiniof manure afforded. Ana
-d tins, we consider, slmuld be the paramount ob.
j ct of E. IS. and all others, who would drive
* .i business at pork raising 40 loads of ftariure
returned to the hold, who can estimate its fit'{j
aire -value} Suppose it should all be applied
ol to ode acre, will it not actually increase the income
pf it, even fur one year, in ore than
double the amount allowed to be cuoswaed
u. 1.11 the keeping the hug I Tliia of itsei& is a
bo strong argument in favor of swine-raising,
d Hut tins is not all. Suppose E. &. shall Keep
liu 'IU hogs as. above viewed; this'wiU afford httn
lis** 4tfl) loads of manure to apply to his fields to
sd.-.enrich and improve them, and this annually
1C< for ton years, what must be his increase of in-*
tu corned what the condition of his farm 1 But
',u what we were about to remark as the best of
JC" the argument, is the fact, for so he will readily
l^1* admit it to be, that iu the enrichment of
h;B acre's and with'heii.crease of his annual
income he will find a proportionable advance
,ro. m the hog profit of tl.e same ,-that, is, the same
j(jt ..udount of labor the same quantity of seed* will
un bring more and more ip exact proportion as he
in-* sha|i advance its state of cultivation. This is
:v- an axiom indisputably plain. It may be said
id, tins alflo- ks very well on paper, but to reduce
-thestiyings to practicois the grand point. Ought
"d it t j be done? Verily we thmk so. Hence, iu
; -j conrfiiiHoh, as C 'y. expresses himsWf quite
I'1' warily upon the ^.ybject, and ?9 we do
mil wiah to mislead any , oqe, would suggest
.to the ..propriety \of entering upon course
of experimenting in a small safe way test*
nig 1 bp truth' of his question, and in the
sVquek let tho public be made acquainted
.1 . m m?f t/?r.
vvj'*li um rt ou11 u>9 >.,t_ .
or"
By so doing he.wiM be obtain to save himself
e; Irom "plunging into itjwithout service." (experur
juice is tae beat and sunest guide in things,)
ll8 ami thereby g^iii a useful "cad to himsalf and
t.r aho id the _f>ubii$. What say ? May wo hope
,rt t<> hear Iruiu him in 'duo time hereunto touch,
4 ing1 * *" ' > - '
w : : B P VV- o;
Wzti Soinnj Aug, 1#40. * , - .
. ? * A . > , >
,n Maxl'a*: With Leaves and Mud Com* *
><1 , l'osr.?There is a gentlemen residing in .
18 | a.i diJjorniuJjcoujiiy who inherited a pairi^
mdui.it estate, Consultant-of a wurnodi farm
ai d some few accesorin* to it* cultivation,
Hi; married and went to work on it, but it
ir iwuk iuit few crop* to show him that the
i,' prod' ot would not support his encreasing
n f.oniKv Many av*lot ples? uight:did he pass
ld in puHj ,r.i>g'over his cireutns ance*. Af*
~ j t r much delihtifaUdn.'iioifrovcr, ho resolved
like many others ih the *;?ine situation, otijg
' emigration, and visited -the- south to mak*.
i_ I uir-ngemem* fur that purpose.. Hetraveicd-i
| to so.tie extent, but returned perfectly dis- -
Ji j ;i|>po.'n i ll wr.ii the country. nc went
Ie 4\?gajn for another year and saw nothing
;cj | hut bankruptcy staring him in the (see.?
!' \ 15.try year found his debts accumulating.
ir II j had been raised to agricultural pursuit*
,y 'aiid to ugriculiural pursuit alouw. After a
s great deal ol perplexity however, in rcaoU
vmg iio tirialiy concluded to tiy and irnprv*
n Ins soil in some way or o.iier, but hour
should lie do it/ was to him un important
e question. It being then a thoroughly, new
I- tiling in that part of the country, he hardly
Iv knew.in wbat. way 10 twgio. Tne practice
9. then was (and is two much so now) to get
'y all you cuii from the soil and return notlt*
ing to i*. After much reflection on the sub.
>r ject. lit- commenced hauling pui6 leaves
~ I aiid oilier litter into his cow ami; horse lots
' i,n J as soon as toat wins tolerably trampled,
? -I ?f 1
l ) fl<' g ?ve 11 a gouu COWI ui uiuu irwii >?. H?
t( joining branch, and continued alternate
i?r ii t- r Hiid*mod till it got a foot or two thick,
in i le fiu 11 piled it up in huge heap?, to let it ,
ie undfrgo-a h rmeniutioo* -|athe spring he
10 j Imulwj a out and manured ins corn oome in
l? the hill and, some broadcast. His succeeding
,e crop bd him stnneously to proceed; As ?
sown-as he iuid by bis corn. he. went at it
z. wall bicreased dibg'lice. His anticipation
X' of tu.uniy which were so painful, were now
x loaded Willi pleasure. Fie saw a way to
-drive that grim monster, poverty, from hi*
path. . : y j
The individual who is the subject of-thie
article has contioued to proceed iu tuis way
*.. f im *rp*nk
?
IP