Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, September 16, 1840, Image 1
F.
"voLIIME v
?e 9S&&&&&&)
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
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Posufd iT'ist be uaitl on allcorainuttcatioAsi
From Stu >rts'Stable Economy.
ASSIMILATION OP FCOO BY THE HOR8E.
By the assimilation of food, I moan i s
conversion into a port of the living body
Tow H effect**! by a seri*-r of process. as
each of which is preparatory to that which
follows it. Most of tliem have been nam d.
^ PtBftfiNSioH is the ac: by wh ch the food
is taken into the mouth, At pasture tiegrass
is seized by the lips, compressed into
a little bundle, and placed 'net ween the front.,
teeth, which separate it Irom the ground,by
incision, aided bv a sudden jerk of the head
In stable feeding, the lips and tee h are us?.-d
in nearly the same way. They s<-iz ? the
food and place it within r?-acli of the tongue,
hut they produce no change upon it. Tie;
fronl-ieef.il have less to do in stable than in
lv-ld fording, but in neithei case do they
masticate the food. Prehensio i of fluid*
is performed by su<*kmg. The lips are
dipped in the water, and the cavity of the
mouth is enlarged by depressing the tongus
by bringing it into the channel?the space
between the sides of the lower jaw. Prehension
may be difii -ult or in crrupted by
palsy or injury of the lips, soreness of ih
longu , or loss of tho front teeth. Colts often
experience difficulty in gr?zng whil?'
changing the teeth. They lose flesh for u
while, and, if il?ey Jose much, some rich
fluid or soft boiled men? may bo given till
the tnou h get well. Horse s that hav los j
One Or t""? af tit* f/trwfeMith hjr fills. hticom.- j
uofii for turning out, Those tint have los J
a large portion of the tongue cannot einpy a
pail. They can drink none unless th* nostrils
be under water; but when only a s<n ill
portion of the tongue h is been lost, th**y
huve no difficulty. Ttwy can empty th?*
pail. No horse can drink freely witn a b t.
particularly a double-bit, in his mouth. 1>
confines the tongue, and prevents close contact
of the lips at the corners; as much air
?s water en e s the rrouth.
Mastication, the actofgrimling the food,
is performed ahogetlier by the back teeth.
The food is placed between them by the
tongue. Masication is the first change
which the foo l undergoes. It is broken in.
to small particles, easily penotr tnle by the
juices id which the food is about to bo dissolved.
In many old horses, and even in
some young ones, mastication is imperfect,
from irregularity or disease of iho teeth.
Wnen the horse feeds slowly, holJs his head
to one side, drops the food from his mouth
holf-chewed, and passes a large quantity un
a|;er?:d, his teeth should hi.* examined. One
may be ro ten, broken or proj-cting into
the cheek, or into the gum opposite.
IttSALnrATtott.?The food suflfrs mas iration
and insalivutiun at the same time.
Whi^ Under the operation of the grinders
It is moistened and diluted by a fluid which
enters the mouth at many little apertures.
This fluid is almost transparent; it istermod
diva. Much ol it is furnished byHwolurg'*
glands, which are situated at that part oi
the throat where the head joints the neck.
These two glands pour their secretions into
the mouth by means of two tubes winch open
D"ar the grinding*ie?th? Some have
supposed that thai the only us?
of this fluid is to diluie the food, and to fa"
cditate mastication and deglution; o hers,thai
it also, io a slight degree, annualizes the
food. Hence it has been argued that the
food should not be too soft, too easily eat> n,
lest it be swallowed without insalivatton, and
without the animaliza'ion which saliva ought
*riwiiir>o It has hncn ur??"d. as nroof
w r-'"? - - .
that horses do not thrive quit*' so weli when
fed entirely upon boiled lood. The illu>iiaion
seems to bo well established. Horses do
oot appear to possfwa lasting vigor and gram
energy when f?d exclusively upon soft food;
but whether this proves that insalivation o
animahzation may be doubted. There i?
no proof of a positive kind, whether it is 01
ia not. It would be easy to argue t.n eithei
side, but it would be fruitless.
Degoltbtion is the act of swallo.ving
The food, after being ground and moistened
ia rolled into a ball by the tongue, and placet
at the back of the mouth where i compress
sing apparatus forces it into the gullet. Tie
gullet, exerting a contractile power, force;
the ball into the stomach Deglutition mat
become d.ffiruli, or it may be partially sus
pendt d by soreness of the throat. Wliei
the throat is much inflamed, the horse mat
be anxious to eat, yet unable to swallow
When great pain attends the eflort he for.
I bears further trial; he chews the food anc
U then throws it out of his mouth, being able
perhops, to swallow only the juice. In b si
severe cases, he m.ik' s a peculiar tno'ior
of the head every time he swallows; and ir
drinking, he drinks very slowly, and part o
the water returns by the nostrils. In this
stale the horse should bo put under medica
ft
ARM]
.1 ,v n c H
CHEKAl
treairnent. ot
Maceration.?Many of the articles up. wi
on which horses feed are hard and dry? je<
They require ;o bo softened before they can
be dissolved, or before they will part with so
t ?eir nutritive m t ?r. One end of the horse's ns
somuch seems designed for rnacerat- br
ing these substances. It is lined hv a mem* co
bf.ims void of sensibility* All the f(H?d is w<
first lodged in this macerating corner, from trt
which, when sufficien ly softened, it passes sj
j into the ?ih*r extremity. Refractory mat? wi
ters are either detained or returned till they thi
arc ready to undergone the digestive pro. gr
'ess. oh
Digestion consists in the extraction of foi
the nutritious from the inert portion of the ov
food. 11 is not u simple process, nor is it gr
all conducted id the same placet it begins er
in the stomach and terminates in the bow. fit
els, probably at a considerable d'stance te*
from the point at which the residue is eVa. so
cuutedi The stomao i of the horse is very
small. There must be srime reason why wl
it is so, but not)'.' has ever been discovered, un
It cannot retain the food very long; the lo<
horse is almost constantly eating. At grass p i
he eats ns much i i an hour, perhaps in half- is
iii-hour, as would fully di.s'end the stomach, ad
yet lie continue* to eat for several hours in do
succession. The change, therefore, which |?j
lite Ibod undergo'1* in t'<e stomach must he it i
rapidly performed. Tee nature of this is
change is not precis"!? known. It is sup. try
posed thai the gastric juice?that is, a juice foi
or secretion furnished hy the stomucb? wc
seizes the nutr live niu'ter ol'thn food, and gr
combines with it to form a whim milk-like an
! 11 ud termed ch'ne. Tfiis. accompanied by in
lie food, from which it has been extracted,
inters the intestines, au<J tlx*r? u not her gr<
lunge of composition takes place. Juices w|
from ilie liver, from peculiar glands, and of
roin tiie intestine itself, are added, and the tlx
whole comb,tie to form a compound fluid sa
termed chyle. Tins adheres to the inner ih<
surface of the bowels, from which it is re. if i
moved by an infinite number of tubes, lar
whose mouths are inconceivably minute, to rei
the eye invisible. These little tulies or fru
pipes are termed I actuals or absorbents t wi
t my converge ami run towards ibe spine,' an
where ibeir contents ure received by a tube the
which empties into the left jugular vein.
Accompanied by the blood, the chyle pro- on
8 to the lungs, passes through them. on
?*?* I hwvwn i-1 >*?4 fxpf
sanguification, this chyle, tlx? product, of ?li. wo
gcstion, is as much the constituent of the li wfi
ving anim d as any other part of him. 'in
It is nat necessary to trace the food far- ins
her. Its nutritive matter having been ex- stc
'raced, and animalixed by combination ov
with anim?I juices, (lie product is removed bei
as the mass travels through (lis intestines, cu
Ra tlm time it has arrived a' the point of e. ha
vacuation, the Too 1 h?s lost all or most of
the nutritive mutter, and the residue is ejec- cb
ted as (iv less. tie
The nutritive mutter is carried from the ou
intes in< s to the blood-vessels, where it is bo
mingled with tkeir coments. To follow it rei
luriher would bo to truce the conversion of fo?
the blood into (he solids nnd fluids of which tsh
lie body is composed, in tin work such m
-in enquiry is not needed. co
be
From the Yankee Farmer. flo
TIME OF PRUNING. ha
tot
As to the time of pruning, 'here are dif. u?
f?T?iit opinions. Many years ago farmers
used to prune tin ir apple trees in March tre
as that wus considered u good lime; and it pfl
was a convenient time as farmers were
iess busy than at most other seasons of tho 0g
year?and sometimes a hard trust on a W{
Jttfp snow otf-red an advantage in this |||(
business. Some pruned when the trees it(j
were in bloom, as they ihoughf, that cutung
a few limbs from a ifee would cause the >n
fruit to set well on the remaining bnmches. foj
Of late years we find that most all wri- nu
n-rs, on tiie subject, nn 1 among theni the 1(J
first hor;i? ul uris s in the country recom- er
mend to prune in the first of the summer,
or by mid summer, as the tree is th?'n ,u
growing and ihe wounds will soon heal j,,,
I | over. No'withstanding the many high n,<
? Mufuorities for this practice, we must d?fF-r fn
> from it, uut I some better reasons are given ge
, in t's favor, or experiments show that it is
correct. cu
Tiwuitrh it is desirable that a wound co
"?r - should
heal over soon, yet ii is of much wl
less importance than it is for the tr?? to re- fjr
main in a healthy state where the wound is ?i
> mad**. L-1 a branch of considerable size jt
i be cut from a tree whiles it is growing mid |J(]
; full of sap and it will heal over soon* but be
; on examination, wh? n the wound is nearly un
i healed over, the wounded part will be soft j,,r
and decaying. Hut let a branch of a suni- t)(l
r lur size locut from September to Decern-^
ber and tlioug'i the wound will be longer in 8fj
. healing, tin-wounded part will be found dry, w|
, solid and well seasoned, and die wood tr,
J around it in a healthy state. of
This is according to our experience und t0
. obscrvu.iori, and it appears to us to be rea.
* soiiaole that the best nme for pruning is the m
f most fivorable for cutting timber that is to fu
. he exposed as it grew with the nark on.? ct
i Let small trees be cut for fencing ill the ca
f fitII, and the summer and remain in the tfj
. same state, and it will he found tnnt those si,
. cut in the spring or summer will first de- at
j cay?and we think the same causes will sr
, be likely to produce a wounded tree when fn
i pruneJ while it is full of sap; or while the tir
i sap and vegetative powers are in action. pi
I We have had considerable acquaintance is
t with several gentlemen who have paid par.
s ticul ?r attention to fruit trees, and have q
I been very exact in their ?xperimenpj and 0,
BBS'
ERA ff J
wervations, and Uieir opinions comcide <
th what we have advanced on this sub. I
:t. i
We have already observed that it is not
important to have a wound heal up soon '
to have it sound. We have cut large
a riches from apple trees in the fall, on tic*
unt of some injury; sometimes n branch
>uN be one fourth of one third of a large .
je, and though the wounds were five or
i years in healing over, the wounded part j
is hard and drv, and the streets around ,
3 wounds w*re In a healthy state and they ,
ew Well and produced much fruit. Some ,
i trees, that were deprived of branches .
ir or five inches in diameter, did not heal (
or*- as the trees Were old, a prodigious j
owth Would have been necessary to cov- j
the WOutids, but stdl flourished end bore (
lit plentifully, apparently but little nfTec* j
J by the severe prunhur, as the wood was ,
IInrt Unil ihn frPPC hcaltllV.
"" ""? " J
B<*ides the disadvantage in prunning
ten the tree is growing on account of the
iheulihy state of the wounds, there is a
ts in the groWih of the tree. For the sap
sses up in the wood and in the leaves it
elaborated into a suitable substance to
J to the growth of the tree, an I it passes
wo ward in the bark and is added in n
rer upon the outside of the wood, between
ind the bark, which layer in its soft state
called sliver in some sections of the counr.
After awhile it becomes hard and
ms u layer of wood, and the zones of
>o I at the end of a stick show whut the
ywth of the tree has been in each year,
d the number of grains designate its age
years.
No.v if branches are cut from trees in a ,
awing state, nil the sap that is in them, |
lich would return and add to the growth ,
the tree, is lost. Had they been cut off in i
3 full previous, this loss would have been '
ved and the sap would have passed into '
3 other branches more plentifully. For J
a part of the limbs of a tree be cut off, a
g-r quantity of sap will ascend inio the t
nainder of the top and the produc ion of ,
lit on that part and he growth of the tree c
II ascend into the remninder of the top
d the production of fruit on that part and '
i growth of the tree will be increased. c
By cutting off uli the top of n fruit tree in *
", two or three yeurs, and inserting sci. ,
s, a new top of the desired shape is soon j
uuuL almost_M large us the old on** 4
>ul>t Ii?m. Wmm
ioIc top of a small tree, having five or ?ix f
l
ies about half an inch in diameter ana r
erted scions, scarfing off one aide of the
icks so that the wound would soon heal
er, and in a few months would have
en supposed that the top had never been
t off as another of good form and size
d already been formed.
We once observed a tree, five or six ines
in diameter, with a large top that sudnlv
died, every branch, and suckers came
t of the tree between the branches; as it
re excellent fruit, the dead branches were
moved and the suckers pruned so as to
m a good top; their growth was astonung;
in only a few years a large new top
is formed; bearing plentifully, and it
uld hardly be perceived that there had
en any change in the top. It was in a
urishmg condition last year, though it
d been twenty-five years since the new
> was formed, and other trees of the same
e around it were decaying.
We name these facts to show that if
ies were pruned in the fall, instead of
uniug at the time of iheir growth, the sap,
lich would otherwise be lost by cutting
F the branches in spring or summer,
>uld go into the other branches, and prome
ilieir arowth and that of the tree, and I
Id to the crop of fruit. 1
Though we prefer the full for pruning* (
d consider it important to select that tiinu J
r cutting of large branches, yet in the an- j
ul pruning winch most trees nee J, and
so little us will be necessary when prop' t
ly attended to, a conveient time may be <
lected, us the very small wounds will not I
iterlally eff ct the tfee< and the few small j
lbs cut off will have but little etf:ci on 1
t; growth of the tree or the amount of |
nt? It is beMer to prune trees at any {
awn of the year than to neglect it*
801110 persons in giving difecilons foriho
hivution of fruit trees, do an injury to the
mmuiuty by assigning n point of lime ut
lich every thing must he dune, as many ,
id that they cannot attend to every thing
the time numed, and so they m gleet it.?
is well to show the time to bo preferrod, (
it at the same time the cultivutor should .
1 in formed that other seusons will answer, 1
id thai, in many Cases, th ngs would lie I
tier be perfb ined out of die best season
an 10 be neglected.
' . * it .1
lu an article or transplanting! last tan, we
owed that there were several months in (
hich Iru.t frees might With propriety be ,
insplunted; but Some recommend a point |
time, and that being neglected, there is a i
?al neglect of the whole business. 1
In pruning trees it is important to coitience
in season and give the tree a good
rm, and then it will not be necessary to
it of large branches. All dead und detyiiig
branches should be removed, and if
e top of it fruit tree is very th ck? a part
iould be removep so as to let in the sun
td air. Tins may be done by cutting off
nail limbs. Pruning should be practised
L*quently and moderately, instead of letig
trees grow at random for years nnd
en cut off a large part of the branches, as
very injudiciously practiced by some.
We invite discussion on this subject.?
ur columns are open, and we wish for
rcry one, whoso experience, observation, j
C* JL!
ID V E RJ
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEI
Df ojHiuons will uh usolu? io the i o.iiuiiJiii~
ty, to g'vo us their views on this us well u*
in other subircts.
From the Essex Agricultural Society's Tran
s actions for 1839.
On Reclaimed Meadows.
The comminee on reclaimed meadow
ind s*arnp Ian J respeci folly report ;
That applications for premium* Inve
jeen m ide by Daniel Putnam of D invars,
ind Win. Oshorn of Lynn.?The committee
have viewed the promis"s of ilio cluiriants
and exammed tli<* satements which
ite h rff^innexed, and recommwid the So iety's
first premium of $20. be awarded to
Vfr. Oshorn; and the s?? oud premium ol
HO. be awarded o Mr Putnam. Mr. Osb
>rn has given a detailed account of all his ex
jotiso and income. Tiiis is it should be ;
?o that our brother farmer may see, how
profitable it is. an I those who h ive mead
pws, m iy go and do likewise. Tiie Cumniitee
have great pleasure in remarking,
bat they have reason to believe, that there
s an increasing intention paid to the cultivaion
of that part of out land, which lias renamed
so long uncultivated, and, compar t,
ivelv, vvoribless ; but which lias proved by
xperi. nee, to be in point of fertility, surpassed
by none even, the f rtilo prairies of
he West. It has been ascer ained, by ex
perionce, that nearly all kinds of grains and
vegetables that our climate affords, can be
'aised on meadow land to good advantage.
Four and a half tuns of English hay lias been
;ut on an acre in one year. One individual
iays, 400 bushels of potatoes is his usual crop.
Rye, oats and corn, have also been raised in
ike proportion. It is an old saving, that it is
i good shot to kill two birds with one stone;
put in this case, more can be done. In reino>ingtlie
srumps and logs wi h wlvcli many
neadows are incumbered, the fuel will more
:han pay the expense of itching, to be carted
nto the hog pen, cow yard, or compost heap,
hen to be applied to upland, as it makes a va uable
manure. Two crops will usually more
.ban pay the expense of cultivating them, and
hen the land, instead of being comparatively
worthless in most cases will be worth at least
>ne hundred dollars per acre.
In regard to the best manner of managing
ueadow Ian different persons have different
ipinions; as it is natural for a person to be
partial to his own way if he has tolerable suc~
less. Grain or routs may be cultivated profiably
on mead tws that can be well drained.
Jut there are meadows that cannot be drained
to much as would be de irable or that are oc~
or grata. There are meadows within the
knowledge of the committee, that have produ:ed
good crops of English hay without any oth;r
dressing than sand; others have used gravel
Vith equal success. Good crops of corn and
)otatoes have also been raised without manure,
land or gravel being put in the hill. How
nuch better to cultivate laud when suitable
iressing can be procured from the gravel knoll
>r sand bank, Ihan to neglect such land, and
laul manure some miles after paying an extravagant
price lor it, to be applied to upland,
tnd perhaps not raise an equal crop. AIhough
good crops have been raised without
nanure as above stated, yet it is thought that
i little compost manure may be profitably apdied.
Notwithstanding ail that has beeu
iaid, there are those th a are so opposed to the
lew me hod of farming, as they call i% or so
enacious of the honor of their venerable fathfrs,
that they will not turn to the right hand
lor to the left, froin the path in which they
rod. But I would ask whether farmers ought
lot to keep p^ce with the improvements ofthe
lay, and if they would be as good husbands as
hose that have passed off the stage before
hem, wi<e:l?er they ought n:t' to improve just
10 far as the light of science developes itsell I
Again, some say that they cann >t aff >rd to
nake improvements, but it will do for Mr.
>r B., that has money. In conversion with an
ndividual that had been improving a part of a
irnall meadow, lie said, iff could afford to hire
> ,.r ;?
lelp I would reclaim ma remaioucr ?n n.
IVliile in conversation, he acknowledged that
>ne crop of hay had actually paid all the ex>enae
of cultivation. Now if a man under
hese circumstances cannot afford to hire help,
[ know not who can.
It i9 not tne intention to convey the i lea
hat ail meadows in all seasons w II produce
11-2 tons of hay, or 4(H) bushels of potatoes to
;ho acre, for it cannot be expected.?But it is
:he intenton to convey the idea that meadow
arid will produce m<?.e net profit than any oth?r;
aa it requires I?'s? manure, and ib less lia.
i)le to be affected wirh drought, or wet, if it i9
property drained.
For the Committee, Joseph flow,
Chairman.
December 31, 1839.
William Osborn's Statement.
To the Commitfee of the Es-ex A S on Reclaimed
Meadows:
Gentleman?Enclosed you will find a copy
of my statement of 1838 and I now hand you
a s'fement in addition to that, for -839, ant
will on y remark in advance, that you may perhaps
think the yield of potatoes and the quan>
Lily of manure small for the land cultivated ;
but in adJition to the manure, I burnt a con
riderable quantity of brake and other root!
found on the meadow, and used the ashes Th<
crop- fpotatoes would have been larger if 1 liar
nol used lime instead of manure on a largi
part of the meadow where m gathering I fount
a large decrease in the yield ; another caust
of decrease was in planting the St. Helena potatoes
instead ofChenangoes, which I hive
reason to think, from a few that wero mixed
if I had planted all ofthit kind, I should havt
had at least one-third more.
Crop for 1839, per Account, $332 5"
Income for 1839.
Three hundred bushels St. Helena potatoes
at 45c $135; 57 do. Rohnns.
at $2.114; 2 ton9 hay, $12 24;
41 bushels of Carro's, 25 cents,
10.25; 74 do. Sugar Beefs, 30c.
24.40; Squashes and Pumpkins,
$2;40 bush. Mangel Wurlzeln,
10:10do. Ruta Bagi. at 25c.
2.50; wood for family one year,
and for boiler for hogs, 50? 370 25
$7028'
ZET1
'.IZER.
VIBERlg, 1840.
, Expenses.
i Expenses of 1838V per account, ?216 67 -181
?741 4 days work, f ?rcn help,
5?.45?Extra labor hired, 28.45?4
cords Manure, 16?Seed
Potatoes, 15?1 bushel Rohan
Potatoes, 8?J pound Sugar
Beet seed, 50c.?Jo. do. Carrot
seed, 37?14 do. Mangel Wurt.
zel seed. 19?4 casks of Lime, at
40c. 1.60?35 bush. Ashes, at
6l-2c, 1.95?Jlauling d ?, trom
Lynn, 50?Ru'a Biga and
Squash seed, 25?use of horse
and car, ?20?
337 I
Balance in favor of meadow, ?314 1
. with of course an increased value of the Jan
which is by good judges, considered in its pr<
sent state, worth ?100 per acre, which in ad<
tion to th ? crops tukee off, would g ve a n
profit of 8614 89. Reap ctful'y. yours,
Lynn, Dec. 1339. William OsBoax.
Daniel Putnams. Statement.
Gentleman?The meadow which some
your number examined last summer, is supp<
sed to measure something more than an ac
and a half. In 1924, and in tho previous yea
it yielded annua ly auout one ton of rneado
hay, fit only for litter. In 1939, a em;
pieco was turned over with the hoe and plat
ted with potatoes. O her parts were taken
succeeding years until the whole has been tu
ned and planted. The potatoes have bet
manured in the hill, and the yie d has bet
259 to 200 beshels per acre. Corn, bean
pumpkins, squashes, ruta bagas, -in. I c.arro
have been tried in small patches, and aii hat
done well.
The pa9t season, the crops were as follows
English Hay, (Clover and Timothp,) on tw
thirds of an acre, I ton, 915?
Winter Rye, 1-2 an acre, 14
quarts seed, yield 121 2 bushels,
at $1.25,15621.4?Black Sea
Wheat, 1 4 acre, 7 qts. seed,
yield 4 bushels, at 9'.75,7?
Chenango Potatoes 30 polos,
pie.'d 40 bushels, at 40 cents,
18.40?Sugar Beets; 20 poles,
yield 1(16 bushel*, at 20 cents,
21 20?Second crop on Rye and
Wheat stubbles, 25 cwt. at 50
era. 12.50, 8?9 121
The wheaf lodged badly, and wa9 cut whi
very gTeen?the yield was less than if it In
ripened well. Drills were opened with the h
for the sugar beets, and a gr tvelly wash fro
the road side, mixed with wood ashes, was p
into them. The dressing for 18 poles cost
dollars. Gn the remaining two poles the wai
was mixed with bone; cost nearly two dollai
The beets on the bone appeared to bo but
very littia Izmr than tha other.
ditched?the muck obtained paid tor the lahc
Each crop is boheved to have paid for its e;
penae as well as similar crops on the uplan
It cost eight or nine dollars per acre to tui
the meadow at first, and them was an expem
of about five dollars in deepening the outlets
tlif waters.
Danverit Dx. 23,1839. Daxiel Putna*
The following are the contents of tl
Southern C ibinet, o( Agriculture, floriiou
ture, Rural itnd domestic Economy, tl
Arts S -ifn'-i's. L l?r.itiir**, Sp irting It
lellig-nee, do lor August.
Report ol tu Special Coimniitee of tl
St. JoofiV Colleton, Agricultural Societ
on PrufeasorSiiepurd's Aualysisol'iheSji
ol EiJisto Island.
Formation and Modification of Soils b
C.
Dwarf Fruit Trees.?Summer Gfaflinj
by R. C.
H irrmtinsjof Corn, by T.
Ojr mo le of m iking Hay.
A proposition to Rice Planters, by [
F. VV. A.
Spout menus Formation of Su p''a?o?
Lime?Action of Mineral Sails on Vug*
table*, by W. L?
M inageinent of Pig?, by Z. Stmdish.
Plantation Giplonn.?Cabbages, Ru
Bag.i. by the ft iitoC?
Coll' C 'ons and Recollections.?Propi
gilion of Double Sucks, Culture 01 tbe Ti
I p. PI.oiling Tulips in Pots, Cu lure of i?
Pelargonium, (G raii'iim,) Preserving P
l.irgoniti.n* turuugh the P inter, Anoilr
oiuiliod of Preserving P.-Iagoniums.
TALES, SKETCHES, &C.
A Sketch of the Island of Madeira in ll
1 year 1936, by G. T. - , ol'S?uti
C iroliuu.
Francis OMerby?A Tale, by a pl:i
gentleman.
R * J loon Adven'ure nt Niglr.
Revolutionary Scenes.?A Survivor
Bunker Hill.
A Vis i to Niagara,
' 1 be Delphic Oracle.
nVItlCUUTKMAL. XIK.K19.
Chernia'rv applied to Agriculture?W1
tf?r Food I'orCow*?Soaking Corn to f <
Morses?Hoeing Ruta B?g??To Promo
3 ih?* Pub-ry of Apple and Pear Trees;
The Lilac?-Egyptian Cotton?Suit injui
I ous to Turkey a i
j Miscellaneous Item*.
Good Nature?Effocts of the Natch
[ Tornado?Insurance in Prussia?Subu
ranean Village?Advice to Young Lali
1 ?Taciturnity of Genius?A K"n ucl
Rifle?An Old Story of a Confessor?
r Quaker's Letter to Ins Watchmaker?
lustration of Early Rising?Mind y??
business?A good thing?Vuluable R
eipe.
From the [Tenn?.sse] Agriculturist.
Chicory.
Messrs. Editors :?The celebrated A
thor Young, during nn agricultural lour
France, saw tnis plant there cultivated a
'm used for soiling both cattle and horses;
2 highly dij he esteem it, that he carri
> 4
rE
NHMBKU 44.
. ' >
smite luck who nun .o hnglaiM, sue d#\
39 dared if lie did nothing moiv than inroduce
the use ot* chicory among the farmers, he
Im l Cully discharged his duty to hit king
and country. Toe late General A. Jones,
of North Carolina, from the high encomiums
passed on ii in the works of Mr. Young,
was induced to import some of the teed.?*
It was sown in dolis-?the product wnt im
1 il i_i_ r . - .. _
mens", ?nu an kuius oi siock fat it voraciously,
but it was faun I to bo indigenous
in Carolina; there was difficulty in ihc col*
lection of the need; he abandoned the cul i.
j3 vaiion, hut always spoke highly of its yield
M and its qualifies for soiling. It seems to
39 be of the Ic.tuce family; grows from 5 to 7
d, feet high, and atny la; found in large quanti*
B~ ' ties along hedge ur turn rows in cultivated
I* J rT
fields, which fie st'.ck is k"pt off, but when
cows or hors-'S can ger it, they invariably
eat it n'o the ground. If cultivated, it will
yield hIjou' sixty ttiousand weight of gn?eti
of: food to the acre, is succelent and rich, stalk,
i-1 blade and all. ure consumed by ih?m.
re Tlmre is much growing in the fields a*
M round Nashville, and it will afford me pleas*
^ ure to s o ' it to any gentleman, and conj.
vince hy actual experiment how fond stock
in are of it.
ir. A. J. Davib.
?n
n From the Farmer's Cabinet,
!8f
s HEN S EGGS.
i
re I notice in the Farm rs' Cabinet lor 4th
mo. la a p. 27"), an enquiry as to the tru'li
0. < f the awrtum. that hen's eggs whi?h ?ru
round pro luce female chickens, and ihosn
whicli are long or pointed, pro luce males.
When a hoy, I was in a situ dion to bar
able to indulge my fondness for lb wis, and
otlen rais'il chickens;?wi hout ever having
neard ol ilio ahove facts, I discovered ttiat
the which approached the n-arest to
roundness always produced f-mah-s. and
those which were pointed at one end always
pmdjeed males?I acted accordingly, and
always succeeded in ob siniug fcmalos of
mul is, according as I wished,
I If?
^ A her a lapse of a number of years, bs*
e ing in Pniladelp in m irke , I happened Us
in, mention the (act to one who raised chick*
ut en? lor sale, and who preferred tb? mal**#
2 because they grew larger?the information
was received with some surprise; but 1 ad.
a vised the person to tr^, rjifl
, ?-;Tnrtir- nil males beivg produced by
,r. 'Selecting ttie ion# or pointed egg*.
<" I since find the fact was mentioned by a
d. writer over 2003 years ugo. LAL
rn
se '
of The Many headed Wheal.?The many*
Ilea led ubtjti is an indigenous plant of
[ CMiforira, fl heads of which was procured
by M ijor Spenng, from a man in the Osago
uiit ori of Indians, who had been tradi. g on
j t ? Pj? fic Ocean. The six heads prudneed
six hundred grams; which wer* plan1ed
by Mr. Alphou* Biker, of Inhavil.e,
C.. t tie production ol which Wis tin t ious~
aid he.i <'s. The ground on winch the
w eat grew was measured by nn accurate
1^ survo)or?t'te heads counted?and one
he id .slvlled ou'f and the gram weighed;
a ca!cu!at on was then made, the r' t't of
^ which was, tliat the *l??;rt produced at the
Mte of two hundred and thirty bushels to
he acre. It was planted about the last of
January, and cut on tie* 20 It June. The
Ian I on which it grew is poor and imdy,
? and was unassisted by manure.? Wtlks
Co. (Geo.) Nftos.
?
, Extract nf a L'lter, dated
n MOBILE, SEPT. 3.?Recent accounts
from the c. untry are vry discouraging. Is
Montgomery count)', down to Baldwin oppoc*
ta ite Mobile, in fart all on the east side of tho
Alabama river, the worm and the rot has b on
i. destructive to outrun. Many planters will
i not make more th in the third of a crop, and
haue countermanded their orders for bagging
and rope acco dingly. Thi looks like face.
On the west side of the Alabama, and on both
L I side of the Tombeckhc r ver.*, there are * me
comp ainta, but nor so bad. Marengo cou ity
is most favored From the continued rains in
June, July and August, the crop of cotton susv
taioeJ great injury by the weed overgrowing
[|. and bearing but little fruit. I now beleve
that the growing crop will fall sliort of the
last, in Alabama, 150.0(H) bales. The country
" is very sickly. Cotb n 6 a 9-12c. S. mo far
bales of new cotton have been received, tie
quality only middling, staple weak, value 8 4
of cents."
Watermelon Extraordinary.?Eiisha
Ston *, of Staffird county, exlnMt d in Fredericksburg
on Snurday iixt, n Watermelon
raised by liim<? If, weighing scventy.one
n' pounds wh?*n pulled from the vi i?. the diB'
mansion round the iniddh'3 fc#" 6-12 inches, ,
lte and roun I ill lengthwise po&i 0, 4 i et 7
T inches,
riPreserving
winter Appebs*
Messrs Guylord fy Tucker?Last April
^ ' I -I ' c... ,...! lifluill l>u mail., m .
II i <1 ill* iri| irt|*;ii ti*r iiicu' '
^ a present ofn large dish of fine flivorel
tv iipp'i s. and it being out of season to have
^ a pi I 3 in such n go<?d state of preservation,
I inqi i ed his mod * of kn< p ng tliein. He
ur informed me that in the fill I) * made n liox
six feet long and two few deep, which he
sunk into the ground to a level with the sur|
face, hen lie filled the hox wnh sound apples,
and covered it with bonrds in the fonir
of n roof, but leaving an opening at both
ends. The roof he also covered wjth straw
r. and earth, to the usutl thickness of an spin
|l,orP'dnto hole.?In tlvs condition he
nfj leaves it nil the npplur are frozen, but at
so soon ns a llmw com'**, ho m >k it perfectly
led a,:|' a^d in a days the fsost i? altogether