B? .
fs
VOLUME V
w?????????
&?e> $?4LGP&>&?L*P9
? ? ? m ^ o AVn PfiOPRlETOR
t uu u jv /? ? v . .. x, _
TERMS:
If paid within three months, . . $3 00
It pail within three months after the
close oft ha year, 3 50
If paid within twelve mouths after the
close of the year, 4 00
If not paid within that time, ... 5 00
Two new subscribers will be entitled to the
paper the first year for five dollars, paid at the
time of subscribing , and five new subscribers
for ten dollars paid at the tiino of subscribing.
No paper to be discontinued but at the option
of the editor till arrearages are paid.
Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines,
inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty
cents, each subsequent ins irtion.
Persons sending in advertisements are reques.
t ju to specify the number of times they are to be
inserted; otherwise they will be continued till
ordered out, and charged accordingly.
37The Postage trust be naid on all commu.
nl cations. .
Management of Pigs.
Messrs. Gaylord and l\cker.? ilie
management of fino bred pigs is eliciting
more attention at this day throughout thi>
country and Englund, than nt any former
period. All the essays I have noticed on
the subject have pissed very indefinitely over
what I conceive to the most difficult period
of the animal's existence, and one through
^ whh-h he seldom or never carries nil his
good points?which is that of leaving the
tow.
The cause appears to me to be this: sow's
milk is much more rich and nutricious than
cows', consi qently lit le ac'ion or concoction
of the stomach previous to being carried into
the circulation is required; for indeed swine
bung carnivorious by nature, possess at all
times very weak digestive powers ; the pig
being taken from the sow or weaned by
her, large quantities ofcows* milk is almost
invariably given us a substitute, perhaps
three tinvs per day. The large quantity
nearly paralyz.es the little digestive powers
the pig previously possessed; consequently
his oehy becomes disvrtded far beyond its
wonted size, ossumi tg a (' trusting bind?
rxr hi-iinivs?like anDeararic; he grows
wwj w. -
poor, his shoulders c >rtract, his rump becoms''fl
peaked, his back settles down
back of his shoulder blades and then rounds
up sometning like u hedge hog's and to
firiishe the picture, his huir is no longer
briliunt nnd glossy, hut dry, crumbling and
dead, and often turning the other way; not
a vestige of that clean cylindrical form,
which never fails to elicit admiration, where
beauty has any attrac ion,'remains, nor does
he ever effotually recover. Blood and ped.
igree are no gu trds against this. I would
hazard a f w suggestions as a remedy, not
that I conceive them to be unexoep i(-n ible,
but that they m ?y be the means of drawing
fo.ti some that are, Messrs, Lossing,
B -ment or Allen, or any other talented
gentleman engaged in the cultivation of
the noble animal."
I would have the p'g well accustomod to
the trough before weaning, in a place shot
off from the interference of his mother; I
would feed him four or five times per day
with boiled rice, and boiled potato* s mashed,
?? I:??Ia milrh from the
^ alternately anuiiig ? ?
milch cow, nil 10 be given in very small
quuntties of beeves* liver, have a fine effect
in yielding nourishment profusely, is easy
of digestion, without distending the belly unusually,'
sheep's pluck ate good, bnt siiouJd
be boiled.
No pig should be taken from its mother
while she gives nny milk at all; but in cases
where it is unavoidable, it should be done
by degrees, the pig left to suck perhaps
once a day for some days with the above
mentioned lending.
Much blame has been attributed to
the breed or blood where the management
has alone been at fault; 1 have .vitnessed so
many disastrous effects from taking the pig
abruptly from the sow and sending them on
a long fatiguing voyage, that I have resolved
that no pig shall go front me until it has
passed the ordeal of weaning. No valuable
pigs should be sent any distance without
some interested person to attend tliem,
who his had some experience in their
management.
Anet ier source which has often proved
fatal to whole litters of pigs, which is that
of interfering with the sow at the time of
their littering; the sow should have her litter
at t' e place of Iter own choosing ; it is the
only place at which site will be at home; it
is idle to suppose that dictation or inf rence
of any kind can be of service to her; she is
governed by the insinct infinity snrpasino
hutnau calculation on this point, I nevei
inter fere further thun to prevent all interferences,
and scarcely ever lost a p g.
Z. Standish.
Alb. Cull.
- ? nr- DIBTPV.
NEW VAMCi 1 1 ! uau?>...
In 1833, a small farmer war Brudford
in England, found at one conrer of Ins gar.
den plot, a tuft of some sort of grain, eon.
sisii. g of some 30 or 40 stalks, which ripened
early in the summer, ^June) and proved
to be a very fine variety of barley, containingonan
average 40 grains in each ear.
The root was suffered to remain, from
which, in the same year, he cut two more
crops equally good; and he has continued to
cultivate it with equal and Uniterm success.
As ho was ignorant of the way in which the
seed came in the garden, it has been called
"Providence barley," by which name it is
now known. Its cul'ivation has spread
rapidly, and two crops m use y gathered
from ono sowing, whicn shouiu be early,
(February or March) the berry is of super.
ot s ae ned quality, and ihe yield is from 40
to 50 bushels per ncre.
Such, iu substance, is the account given
ARM]
.1 .v n c h
CHERAl
of this gran, in the London Farmer's c
Magazine; and wo notice it, not so much a
for the sake of calling utiention to this barley, |?
as tot he importance of paying more atn-n. ^
tion the introducing new and improved n
grains, un-J the ease xvi'h which it might be n(
-/r _...a ;r mmiM n:iv mnre notice a\
en'!tivu, ii i"i Hurl J , _
to any new or fine roots or s:alks of grain ai
r that may appear in their fields. The ex- n<
ample of Le Cmteur in procucing many lc
new and valuable kinds of wheat, and the dl
late introduction of the Chevalier and Prov- Jj
idence barley, not to mention tho several
new and superior varieties of corn, which
American farmers have grown, proves sat- re
isfactorily the case with which it can be ac- m
coinpiishud, and the good results that would th
ensue. Cultivator. D
tri
From the Cultivator. ?
Brining and Liming Seed Wheat. f1(
Trenton, Oneida Co., Dec. 14,1838. ,n
J. Buel, Esq.:? 8u
Sir:?Having observed in the Cutivator, 00
some difference of opinion as to the effect of ar
brining and liming seed wh'-at to prevent smut,
hoping, by stating to you the little experience
I have had on the subject, I may do no harm,
but be of some benefit, is my excuse for ad- ^
dressing you at this time. a?'
It has been the practice among farmers in ^
ibis region, for something like forty years, to CQ
wash and lime their seed wheat to prevent t
smut. Having noticed in a newspaper, near- a8
ly thirty years since, an account of a vessel
loaded with wheat having been sunk on the j
coast of England, and before it could be taken ^
out, was so saturated with salt as to render it
unfit for bread, sotneofit was used for seed, and
where that was sown, it was observed there .
was but lit'le or no smut, while in the same j|0
neighborhood, where other wheat was sown,
the wheat was quite smutty, which circum- "e
stance led to tho practice of using brine for
seed wheat. Seeing that lime and salt, when bc
sepera'ely applied, were beneficial to prevent a
smut, it occurred to me, if both were applied ^
I at the same time, the remedy might be effec" "
lua'. I accordingly adopted* the prac'ice of jc
washing my seed wheat in a brine as strong as ',
can be made, stirring it until thoroughly wet, m
say from five to ten minutes; drain off the brine 8U
and spread the wheat on a floor; put on slaked
lnne that is dry, (when a sufficient quantity of
wheat is washed,) four quarts to a bushel is
a sufficient; work it over with the hoe and shov- or
el until each kernel is covered with a good
coat offline; then spread it over the floor to di
dry several days before sowing?the drying is
necessary to prevent the moiture of the in
ground causing the lirne to cleave from the ker- P2
nel before the harrowing is finished. There or
is no danger of injuring the wheat by its lying w
after being limed?I have had it to lie two
weeks 1 r more?and have never been troubled j la
with smut since the above mode of preparing i to
seed was adopted, and 1 am firmly of the o- la
pinion, when the seed wheat is well prepared I
as above stated, the remedy against smut ag
w 11 be found effectual. The circumstances fr<
stated by J. Hathaway, Esq. last spring, of his joi
neighbor having sown some of his wheat soon ti<
, after liming, and was prevented from sowing le<
the remainder for several days on account of nc
rainy weather?the former being some smutty,
whde the latter had little or none?I es
think goes to show the benefit of letting the w
wheat dry bef >re sowing. vc
Others may have prepared their seed wheat bj
in the manner above stated before me, but I er
had never known an instance. After having p*
prepared seed wheat as above for several years, m
and being satisfied of its good effects, I sent
an account of the above mode of preparing n;
seed wheat, to the editor of a newspaper in o<
Utica, Mr. Maynard, I believe, which he pub- bt
lished about twenty years ago. de
Yours, very respect full v. m
JOHN STORRS. of
m
From the Madisonian. st
HELIANTHUS, OR SUN-FLOWER PLANT. W
We presume that it is not generally known v?'
that this plant, which is often regarded as a
worse than useles enm borer of the ground, is it
cultivated extensively in some parts of the bl
CJni'ed States, and turned to a very valuable i b<
account in a variety of wiys. The versatility ! vt
of its powers, so to speak, are'even greater le
*' ~ ~..Jt:~,.ii;0 We have before nl
111311 inc limrus illiriiv>aui?-. f. ? ..... r_
us a letter from a firm in Pennsylvania which b<
gives us some enteresting facts, which we 01
think are worthy of publicity. w
The oil derived from the sun -flower ?eed is ol
pretty well known. Its excellence for fancy ot
painting and druggist use is said to be confirm- uj
ed, and we are even told that it is equal, if not gi
superior to almond or olive oil for table use. ? h<
One acre of ground will pro..'uce from forty to e<
fifty bushels ofseed, and sometimes much more. T
Good seed will produce a gallon of oil to the T
. bushel, and the oil has been sold at $1 50 per fc'
fallon when fl ixseed oil stood at 90 cents.? ni
'he refuse after the oil is expressed, is said si
to he a valuable food for cattle. tr
; The leaf is manufactured into cigars of a
i mild pleasant flavor, possessing, as it i9 said,
, powerful! pectoral properties, highly commend.
r ed by physicians in many diseases of the chest, j c
| The lea\es, properly cured, will bring from j tl
five to fif een cents per pound. . A
The stalk, when stripped of the leaf and T
seed, may be burnt, and a superior alkali made b
from the a lies. p
The comb of the send, or properly the
filaments of the dower, is excellent feed for |
cattle or hogs. v
Tiie helianthus is cutivaled in the vicinity s
of York, (Penn.) and a gentleman in 1837, c
cultivated one hundred acres, a
c
How to Acquire High Health.?Walk- s
er, in his "Original" lavs down the following n
rules for attaining high health. They are p
worth remembering: v
mmnn<?nrn of C
".Mrs: siuuy iu awjunv ? .
mind and body. Avoid agitation or hurry of p
one or the other, especially just before and af- tj
ter meals, and while the process of digestion is
going on. To this end, govern your temper a
: ?endeavor to look a: the bright side of things t<
I ?keep down as much as possible the unruly e
i passions?discard envy, hatred and malice, c
| and lay your head upon your pillow in charity o
j with all mankind. Lot not your wants outrun ?
your means. Whatever difficulties yo;: have h
to encounte , be not perplexed, but only think o
what is right to tio in the sight of Him who P
' set'th all things, arid bear without repining the P
result. When you: meals are solitary, let n
vour thoughts be chceifu!!; when they ajc so. ?
En &
Ai ?
E R JL W
W. SOUTH-CAKOIil I
ial, which is better, avoid disputes, or si
rgurnent, or unpleasant topics. uUi
leals," says Shakespeare, "make ill c
ons," and the contrajy is produced by
anversations, a pleasant project, wel
ews, or a lively companion. I advise
at to^entertain their husbands with don
rievances about children or servants, n
sk for money, nor produce any unpaid
ir propound unreasonable or provoking
>n8; and advise husbands to keep the
id vexations of the world to themselves
> be communicativo of whatever is coml
e and cheering and amusing,"
Sqcinti.no.?This disfigurement is
ndered curable by a simple operation o
uscle6 of the eve, unatended with danf
at organ?a discovery made by Prci
ieffenback of Berlin, who has succes
eated a number of case*. The Me
azette, of the 17th April, gives a dei
>n ot the same operation recently perfo
this country, for the first time, with de
ccess, by a Dr. A Franz an experie
;uhst, pupil of the above eminent Profc
id author of UA Treatise on the Eye."
English Paji
To Imitate Rose-wood.?Take h
tund of iogwood, boil it with three pin
ater till it is of a very dark red, to whicl
tout half an ounce of salt of tartar, and '
tiling hot 6tam your wood wiili two or
ats, taking care that it is nearly dry
reen each; then wi'h a stiff tiat brush,
is used by the pai iters for graining,
reaks with the black stain above na
hich if carefully executed, will be very
e appearance of dark rose wood.
How to eat Strawberries.?The Kilmai
urnal says that those who have eaten s'
irries served in the following manner,
tver eat them in any other wav. It it
alian mode of dressing them. Place as i
Tries as will form onu layer at the botti
dish, sift some line loaf sugar over t
en place another layer and sift aga
^hen there are five or six layers cut a
mon and squeeze all over them. JB
>lnincr. 1 m them be ffentlv disturbed, that
'T*"o1 "" """ o rf t .
ay have the benefit of the lemon juic<
gar- "
reclaimed meadows.
There are in all parts of our country
less lands called swamps, bogs, or bog-i
>ws, as ihey may happen to be bare, or
ictive of a little worthless grass. Now
>otsare usually the richest partofafarn
g points on which for ages the most val
irts of the snrrounding fields, the salts
es, and ferule mdW, have been centerei
here they have been preserved as in
servoirs ready to reward the hand an<
bor that, directed by skill, should end<
turn them to account in the cultivati
nd.
One of the surest indications of an impi
p-iculiure in this country, is the notices
jquerttly meet our eyes in the contempi
urnals, as well as those furnished for the
/ator, of the reclamation of these long
cted places, and their extreme produ<
>88 when brought under cultivation. 1
e found not only to be reservoirs of the
t manures, requiring only to have the a<
hich such wet places are sure to give
>ge able matter collected in them, corr
r lima, or fermentation, by mixture witf
manures, but by proper treatment, to t
ible of giving crops of roots or ^rass o
ost luxuriant kind.
- ^ .1 L
I f it 18 desiraoie to convert iue earin 01
itural meadows into manure, the best i
I is to draw it in the summer or fall t<
irn yard, which should be covered tc
jpth of at least a foot, with the transp
aterial. This will absorb the liquid m;
the yards, be mixed by the feet of the
als, with the long manure made from \
alks, hay, straw, &c. and in the s{
hen wanted for the crops, will be found
iluable than barn yard manure usually
If it is desired to cultivate the earth v
is, or convert the swamp into first rate
e land, thorough draining in every part
} attended to, or nothing can be done t
mtage. If made dry enough for the
t the surface be fully pulverized with th;
ement. If bogs or brush abound, they
} grubbed and burned; and a dressing o
ashes, or even mere common sand or g
ill produce an excellent effect. The ex
'reclaiming such lands is considerable :
jtsot, but if well performed, the first cro
sually pay for I he improvement; the lan
enerally be doubled or trebled in value;
at unfrequently a source of malaria am
ise removed from a farm or ncignbur
'he reports on reclaimed meadows i
'ranshctions of the Essex County Agiict
ociety, show the importance of this imp
lent most decisively, and lie successfu
jits should stimulate all who have such
> reclaim them without delay.?Cullica
valuable imported stock.
O.ie of the most important importatic
attle and 6heep that has ' ver taken pi;
us country lias been made by the Hor
stus Cornino of this city, and YVm. I
ham of Jefferson county. It consists, ;
e seen by the list given in another part
aper, of twelve cows, calves and heifers
wenty-five sheep. The cattle are (
iereford breed, from Herefordshire, an
erv best animals that could be selected.
hcep are of large size being the Col
ross with the Bakewell, and probab.y a
mmalsofthe kind as ever imported. P1
an avoid being struck with the exiraon
ize of the cows, their fine forms; and
ausculardevelopemeut, denoting streng
ower, and showing the basis of the repu
nhich the Herefords formerly had for w<
attle, and now have for feeding. Th
tnse of the importation was nearly
housand dollars.
Die attention of cattle breeders has, i
few years, been mucu directed in Fi
a the improved Hcrefords, and principa
onsequeuce of numerous prizes which
attle hav<? tnk?n at the great Cattle f
t Smilhfield, and lately at .he Fairs <
Jnglish Agricultural Society. Althougl
ave not, in genera!, reached the great v
f some of the Improved Durhams, yet t
idity with which theyjtake on flesh, t
trior excellence of the beef, and their
maturity, render them great favorites \vl
Jnglish feeders, and the Michaelmas F;
I
9 Cr AS
.1 ? l'? R T
VA, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEJ
prions Hereford) is one o: the finest shows of cattle
lqueit ?n that kingdom. We copy the following
liges- from the Encyclopedia, published by the So
easy ciety for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge,
Icoine vol. xii. article Herefordshire, as an accurate
wives account of the general qualities of tbd breed:
lestic SThe prevalent breed of cattle is that for
iot to which this country is justly celebrated : their
bills, color is red, with white or mottled faces, and
ques- frequently white along the back and about the
cares teg9* Good milkers are occasionally found abut
mong the cows, and it is possible that a race
["orta- might be reared from this stock, that would be
useful for the pail, but dairy farming is never
practiced here, and the tnilk of the cows, which
are kept only for breeding, *13 given to the
calves. It was formerly the custom to work
n .e the oxen at three or four years old, and to fend
?er 0 and send them to market at five; but there is
CfS' l?r -.now a complete change of system. Th8 oxen
J "* are no longer worked, but are commonly fed
idica ?|ign arc two ygars old, and sent to mar'cnp
jcel before ti,ey are three : their early meturity
cided and rea,''ness w'th which they fatten, make
meed t,,em suited for lhis 8-Vstom of farming. Gra- I
?ssor z!ers trum thc ,outh ai,(I lhe middle of England J
' drive a large number of this popular stock
cr from the Hereford Candlemas and October
Fairs. The Hereford ox feeds more readily
alf a than the Devon, and in proportion to the qtiants
of tity of food consumed, lays on a greater weight
fi add of flesh than a Durham ox : the result of a
when trial of this kind may be seen at page 34 of
three Youatt's4 Cattle.' Tbat the flesh of the Here
be- fords is of a finer quality than the Durhams, is
such proved by the superior price per stone which
form lt obtains in the Smi:.hfie!d market."
uned,! Comparatively few of the Herefords have as
near i -vet keen introduced into this country. Mr.
Behest, of this city, has a bull and? a cow of
this breed, which are (me animals; the Hon
nock W.C.Ri ves, of Virginia, and the Hon. Hex.
:raw- RY Clay, of Kentucky, have made importation
ions of these animals, and they have been in I
i the l'1R'r P08Set!8'on so long, that oither of these
many g^tlemen could speak fully of their value as
om of compared with the Short Horns, in the points
hem- feeding, milk and endurance of our climate ;
in ? J and we ^'ink lh s time, when attention is
fresh ' turIled lo l',e subject, they would confer a
lefore ?rcal bent fit on the American public, bystatthe,.
ing the re-uits of their experience, and th"ir
3 anu "P,n'ons w,f'1 rf?b'Hrd lo lbo*e cattle. Wo
need not say we should be happy to be the
medium of presenting sucli history and op.n
ions to the public.
We have presented these remarks, in the
more hope of eliciting from some who are qualified
rnea" for tlic task, a uiseti sion of the comparative
Pr0* merits of the Herefords and the Short Horns ;
8I? arid their adaptation to our country for the
}' , purposes of feeding and the dairy. Both are
uao.e va|Ui<jie |,rcods; the question to be decided is,
.,n'u'" which, in all respects, is tbe most proper for
V,L us.?Ibid.
closp
1 the [From the New York Cultivator.
*avor herefordshire cattle.
on of j waa much gratified on perusing the excel.
lent 41 Essav on Cattle." in the February num.
roved ber, from your talented correspondent, Henry
l'iat S. Randal!, Esq. His short and pithy history
irary of several varieties is well calculated to arrest
! ^u'' the attention of farmers, and guide them in
ncS~ the selection of that breed best adapted for
^lve" the differeut sections and purposes for which
they may be wanted; whether for the dairy,
ri?. yoke or shambles. For instance, where
Cld,,y tne climate is inild, and a full and rich bite of
' 1 1 '? 'l--... *nil konf ilia nk.
' l,rj ! grass at nana, ana uie uaay auu vvected
jecf) j by all means recommend the
i oth- ?)urbam ; but, where the climate is cold, sea7
?7~ 8008 s^or^ 'an^ ru,,?h and hilly, with a short
' the and s;veet bite of grass, wih labor and beef
the object, 1 would recommend the Hereford
these or Devon; and at the Northwest, in Missouri,
net/1* Illinois, and Wisconsn, where only beef is
5 tae wanted, and where they have to be driven any
' t"(j ! great distance to a market, from what I have
orted seen and cin ]e<rni the Hereford certainly
inure wauld be preferable, being hardy in constitutani"
ion, good travellers; of great size, wj'l fatten at
v^?te an early age, and will make more pounds of beef
)nng, with the quantity of food consumed?and when
inore ^//er kn >wn inmaiket, will command the high'?
est price. At the south, where the climate is
i're warm, I should think the Ayrshire or Devon
tills, would be preferable.
mu*1 Dallimore, a full bred Hereford bull, was
?.a ' imported with a two year old heifer of the
plow, same breed, in 18?J9. He was two years old
it mi- 0f ju:ie iast> bred by J. D. Ked wards,
must gSq^ YVesthide, Herefordshire, England. The
lime |lejfer was bred by C. A. Maison, Esq. of Torravel,
rj?gtoni an(] was two years old last fall. Havpense
ing j);lcj lj,ein jn tnv possession for more than
lt \*n a ^ear' caat>'es mo to 'urm sorne opinion of
p will riipir finalities. Thev were much bruiscdLand
d 1 reduced very low in condition, (from the effects
; and of a long and boisterous passage, and on short
i dis- allowance,) when they arrived at my farm; but
hood. un turning the heifer into pasture with my other
n l^c cattle, without any othet fuod but grass, sne
iltural look on flesh more readily than any other unt
,rove" inal I have ever had. She dropped a fine bull
| * r?~ calf on the first day of November last, and was
lands, ] then (it f0r the butcher. ... .
tor. Berne rather inclined to be vicious, 1 did not
cause her to be milked, but let the calf run
with her until be was six months old, w en
>ns j she became so gmtle and quiet, w.- millceu
ace in | her without much difficulty?and m under
i. Er- such circumstances, she is a fair specimen o
I. So- the breed for imla, tbey have been most wotul"
as will j ly belied, for when turned out to grass in June,
of this seven months after calving, she has given
j, and seven quarts of milk per day. 1 consi er l
if the bad policy, and I believe it is so consi ere
d the by everyone who has paid any attention o
The the subject, to let the first calves suck their
:swold dain9. Here, i must confess, I was not a utie
s tine j disappointed, for 1 had been led to e!CV^
Jo one ; they were the poorest milkers to be f?un 0
I . -v i . . l :..r^.nod however.
jiuatj any oreeu. i nave utfun iiiiui???i .
their tliat their milking qualities have been increath
and 8e,j 0f |ate yCars#
tation There is nothing, (except great size of her
irking age,) very prepossessing in iier appearance,
e ex- fler marks, however, answer the description
eight of this breed, given by Youatt, in Ins excellent
history of 44 British Cattle," in the 44 Farmers
within Series" of the 44 Library of Useful Knowledge,"
igland which I have transcribed.
Uy in | ?The Herefordshire white faced cattle,"
these says Youatt, with the exception of a ve?y few
Shows Aldemey and Durha m cows, havea'most cxof
the elusive possession of this (tlereiord) counl
they 'fliey are usually of a darker
veight red?some of tlieui are brown, and
her.v yellow, and a iew are bririied?but they are
he su- principally distinguished by their while laces,
early throats, and belli-s. In a few, the white cxih
the tends u? the shoulders. I he old Hereford*
air ofj
BETT
I Z E R.
ilBER 9. 1840. __
were brown or red. brown* with not a spot of
white about them. It is only within the last
fifty or sixty years that it has been the fashion
to breed for white faces. Whatever may be j
thought of the change of color, the present
breed is certainly far superior to the old one. Sl
The hide is considerably thicker than that of cc
the Devon, and the beasts are more hardy, at
Compared with the Devon?, they are sh >rter bi
in the leg, and also in the carcass?higher, and ap
broader, and heavier in the chine?rounder q
aid wider across the hips, and better covered tr
with fat?the thigh fuller and more muscular,
aud theshoulder large and coarse." '
" They fatten to a much greater weight
than the Devons," continues Mr. Youatt," and
run from fifty to seventy score. A tolerable 2
cow will average from thirty-five to fifty score, wi
A cow belonging to the Duks of Bedford dc
weighed more than seventy score, and an ox g;2
belonging to Mr. Western, one hundred and ^
ten score. They are not. much used for husbandry,
though their form adapts ihem for the an
heaviest work, and they have all the honesty ha
and docility of the Devon ox, and greater mi
strength, if not his activity. The H Teford
ox fattens speedily and at a very early age, ha
a nd it is; therefore more advantageous to pr
the farmer, and perhaps to the country that
he should go to market at three years old,
than be employed as a beast of draft."
" The Devons and llerefords are both ex.
cellent breeds, and tlv? prejudices of the Djv (&
onsiiire and Herefordshire f irmers for their u 1
peculiar breed being set aside, a cross of "u
the one will often materially improve the ov
other. The D von will actj'iire bulk and
hirdhood, and the Hertford finer form and PL
activity." fi,(
I have tried this cross, and have now '*1
two ca'ves, a bull and heifer, and they an* W(
certainly very beautiful animals, and so far, w
I um well pleased with them. The heifer stl
is a little coarser in the neck, than J could ,,e
wish, but has many very fine poin'g, and cr
on account of t!x*ir great length, size, and ,r
dark, rich, red color, an well calculated to ha
please our e ?slern and northern farmers. i h?
41 I urn qui e aware,' says John Elbnan, J
Esq., th ?t eminent breeder of South D iwn ; ;h
sheep, thai it is a well received opinion aniongst
nil our first-rate breeders of cattle I1and
sheep, that the first cross generally sueceeds,
hut that if you attempt to go on with w
that cross, you will breed very inferior nni. he
mils; and, indeed, it is impossible to carry
it on. 1 urn not of that opinion. 1 am qi
quite aware of the unceasing attention and ur
great skill it will require to counteract the w
great difficulties to be encountered; but I cc
do not think them insurmoun table." t w
Now, according to the doctrine that * like j th
begets like," I cannot see why two good an- bi
imals, and especially where the resemblance
is so nsarly alike as the Hereford* and De~ pi
vons, may not produce a thiid equal to eith- w
er. m
I am aware that in crossing very superior p:
with.every inferior animals, the improvement H
will be much more conspicuous, and tlie ta
hazard of cuntinuing the improveinunt grou- w
tcr; but let me ask how has the great im- y<
provomeut in all kinds of domestic animals ar
been effccte-I, unless by crossing nn I selecting
only the best for breeding? Are not the w
present bea iful, and I might say mngnifi- nn
cent, Durham and Hereford cattle, splendid to
South Down. Leicester and Bakewell sheep, P<
superior B rkshirc, Bedford and oilier im- e?
proved hogs, a made breed ? h;
* The Durham breed of cattle," says Mr. di
Knight,44 appears to possess the power of H
eating and diges'ing a much larger weight w
of food than the Hertford, The only in- f
stance in which the experiment, I believe. 1
was fiver tried, lias liven given an account ai
of in Youutt's work on cattle." a:
44 Three Hereford and three Durham cat- at
I., mara nuf infn mills to be fattened on the | o
IIC |?M? M.W ? _
3d of Nov. Tne weight of the Hen-fords tf
was then 53 cwt., and that of the three Dor- hi
hams 33 cwt. and 14 lbs. Between that h
period anJ the 39:h of March, when all fc
were sold in Smithfield, the Durham* had ?
censumed 12,755 lbs..weight more of tur- d
nips and 1,714 more pounds o/hay than the if
Herefords, but the Durhamr, no:withstand- #'
ing the large s;zo when put to fatten, and p
the greatly larger quantity of food consumed, a
sold for only twenty shillings moro per head a
than the Herefords, and such I btdieve, will
ever b: the result of similar trials, when on?>
class of annuals has been properly fed, and
the other over-fed, the mor ts of the breed
e j'.ia1."
At the meeting of the Smi hfi' 1J Club in
Dec. 1839, the II trefords took the four fist ?
premiums in class 1 and 2.?In diss 3J ^
the second price, and second prize in class 7.
In th j pr zes fur extra stock, the Here. ?
fords to )k the only prize. In the list of o
dommendutioi, die Hereford stands 13? p
Durham 8?Sussex 1?North D svon 1.
I have .examined the Hereford cattle,
lately imported hy our spirited and enter- 0
prising citizen, Erastus Corning* Esq., and p
VVm. H. Sotharn, as noticed in tlie last Cul- 11
tiva:or. 1 must confess I was greatly dis- J.j
appointed in the size and general form of a
the cows, for they were apparently as large ri
??b ihA Durham*, and DOssessing the broad ti
loin, large capac'ous bodies, deep, broad }
add projecting brisket, but with a coarser ^
. head and neck, which to those familiar with *
the Dnrhams, would appear oxy, if I may a
i be allo wed the expression. The shape and P
size of their udders would indicate fair milk- t
; ers. Mr. Thornton, the person who has c
charge of them, informed me they gave on t
an average full a middling quantity of milk. ?
Mr. Corning has sent out for a bull of p
this breed that has tak^n several premiums, a
which he expects to arrive tn the course of c
' the season, as the owner would not part f
' with him until urter he had used him this i l
summer. This will enable him to make a ?
| fair star?, and we shall soon be enablod to ^
j ascertain how they will compare with the ?
Durham*, Djvo;;s and native stock.
im
MM
NUMBER 43.
Dillimore is in form nmJ symmetry a
iry beautiful animii. He lias nil the fine
jints so conspicuous in the Durham. His
w brisket, deep and broad chest, are pretty
ire indications of a vigorous and strong
institution. He is full of life and vigor,
id as playful as a kitten. He is not fat,
it in good growing condition, and hy ?in
mlication of the tape, he measured in girth
feet and 4 inches length, from root of the
il to between the horns, 6 feet 8 inches?
ound his arm, 15 inches leg, below the
iee, 7 inches?around the brisket and
oulders?0 feet 10 inches?neck, 3 fe t
inches, and 4 feet 5 inches high. He
is just two years old when measured. C
> r.ot give this as b<'ing e.xtruord nary in
le, for he lias ever been pampered or even
J on grain, but has been well cu
d in the winter, until February, hat ha#
If a bushel of ruta baga per day, and at
uch good hay as he would eaf.
Mr. Ked wards, the breeder of D tlfiflBOre,
s been the winter of a great number of
iz?s for the Hereford cattle, and whoso
rd lately sold at auction at prices which
Jicate the high estimation in which they
a held in England. A cow sold for ?80,
355j?a heifer and calf for ?81, ($300?
calf, ten days old, foi ?79?a yearling
ill for ?80, dec., and the cows averaged
er $133 each.
1 agree wiih Mr. Rind II, thai u to the
ire improved Durham we must look for ^
e basis of the desired improvement"?but
[hat a cross with the D~von or Hereford
o jld sacrifice milking qualities," 1 must,
ith nil due reference dissent- *' Facts are
ubborn things." I harve now in my herd
lifers of the Durhams and Devonshire
oss. ther are fully equal for quantity
9 J W % rn ?
id qual'ty of milk to my liitfh bred Durimx,
and for my soil, should desire no
nier cattle.
While they r'titin the rich rvd color of
e Devon, they have the broad hip nnd lojn
'the Durham, which to me, are desirable .
lalities. They do better on our light soil
;d short grass, and appear to thrive,
here my Durhams decline. The Durims,
as far as my experience leaches me,
id from what 1 can learn from others, re.
lire a full bite of rich grass in the summer,
id a liberal allowance of substantial food,
ith careful attention and comfortable oc?
imrr.odations, in the winter. For those
ho have not the above conveniences at
eir command, the lesser and more hardy
eed ought to be preferred.
I have seen some very superior mi'kers
roduced from a cross of the Devon bull
ith native cows?aud for beauty of symetry
sn i richness of color, not easily surtssed
if equalled. As to a cross of the
[ereford with our nutivca, whether advangeous
or not, remains to be proved?for,
ith the exception of those imported a few
?ars since by Mr. Clay, until recently, 1
ti not advised of any having been imported.
To sum up in a few words?any p'jrson
ho is about to adopt a new breed of cattle,
lust ponder, well, and take into considcratn
the situation, climate, soil, and the pur.
ases for which they may be wanted, wheth
for the butcher, dairy or yoke. The Dur.
im, like the China hog, would not hear
riving any great sislance to a market. The
[erefords may not endure a long drive
hen fit, but their appearance is certainly
luch in their favor.
$1 do not wish to he understood as * y ng
ny'hing against the Darhams, U v n?, or
iy oth t breed?each has its < d /o< at~*
nd nd nircrs, and each are entitled to lav**
rabie notice- The Durham*, in spite of
te very high prices they are commanded,
ave worked themselves into favor, and.
ave obtained such a strong and permanent
>o ho d in several of the middle and south.
'(.'sera states,that they cmnot be easily
isplaced by any other breed. Great t zet
i all animals, whether caitie, sheep or
wine, at the prosent dav, appears to be the
redominanr and ruling object, and as long
s that is the fashion, the Durham will, most
ssuredly, stand preeminent.
Caleb N. Bement.
Three H'Us Farm, July 1st, 1840.
From the No* England Farmer,
ECS^X AGRICULTURE.
The following account was received by on, bat
11 fortunately mislaid. It lias not buffered by
eeping; and will l>e read with much pleasure.?
t is a lair sample of New England farming;
ud shows a highly productive result. Very
lany are thoso who fall far below this product,
ver those who attain it, from the same number
f acres. Those whose imaginations and avar.
;e are extended far beyond what is reasonable,
je in such humble results as these nothing to adlire;
but look with disdain npon such, in their
pinion meager, returns. )fel it is by such a
rocess and under circumstances thus restricted,
bat vast numbers in New England have found
ot only competence but independence,* and havo
jund not only co npetcnco but independence;
nd have laid the foundation, indeed have car.
ied up the superstructure of large aud ample elites.
H. C.
Mr. Colman?Sir?Ihivo seen in one oftho
i. E. Farmers tuat you should like to ha e a
tatoment of the produce of sotnc of our farms,
ly farm is in Newberry, about o-e mile south of
fewburyport. I have about 20 acres of good
illage land, and about 15 acres of grass land too
layey for easy tillage. I h*ve 30 acres of salt
nd black grass meadow; the remainder is pas.
ure and woodland, containing in the whole
- ? t l- ioiwl tka
.bout 110 acres?ou whicn noa owu fc?w
?resent season 200 bushols of corn on about five .
ores, manured in the hill. 1 think that the storm
tf the 28th of August, destroy id one firth of the
rop. Six acres plan tod with potatoes, manured
cirtly in hills and partly ploughed in, produced
,500 bushels, One acre and three quarters of
inion -, 710 bushels; ono acre of winter rye 2(i
tushcls; three acres barley, 1UO bushels; one ncio
if oats 7| bushels; one other aero cut for fodder,
lot thrashed. The oats were raised ou pasture