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From the Cultivator.
^DURHAM CATTLE?CROSSING-.
Messrs.'Editors.?In the March number
of the Cultivator, in a synopsis of the pro-,
ceedjngs of the Highland Agricultural So.
ciety, you publish the remarks of Mr. Heroit
in relation to that family of the Iinproved
Short Horn breed of cattle known
as the "Alloy"?so incorrect in themselves,
nnd so misleading in their tendency, that *
they should not be suffered to go forth
without correction. The conwction whioh
. Mr. Heroit appears in to the^Iighland Socie
y, and the fact that he sp aks as from
personal .knowledge and observation, attach
to his assertions a aegree 01 creuii, which
ih'-y do npt deserve. ' The history of-the
precis') manner in which the celebrated
crass between the Short Horns and polled
C?Howays was effected, from which sprung
the Alloy, though of little importance compare'!
with the great point of?/A? consequences
of that cross?should nevertheless
* be truly stated for the information of suecording
breeders,_ and even this, Mr. II.?
Jias ndt done. The following paragraph,
which I quote from the London Farmer's
Magazine, (tti? substance'of Which was
given in the Cultivato^) presents bis assertions
in full, on bdth points;
MIn the number just published of the Eng.
tosh Agricultural Society, a d stinguished
n-.bleman, in his article on the breeding of
ca?t!e and sheep, has been led into an erro>:
for that noble lord says?'' The most
successful cross between two different
breeds of cattle, of which I am aware, was
theona between a Durham bull and n Gcrl- ?
loway Scotch cow, ma le by Mr. Charles
Coiling. The produce of this cross sold
for enormous prices at his sale, and at the
present dayM majority of the best Snort4Homed
c.iltie are descending from iU This
is certainly mistake. The prose was betwean
a G.didWav bull "and So<mv Horned
cows. From this crow were fjjbduced gev
era! splendid females, but c?entu?lly be
Sincd neither famejior profit by the Itpcriwit
and. although by this time carefully
guarded against the Mood thrown in by this
cross, which haa?ever since been techicalty
polled the Alloy.w *'
The "nobte lord" so categorically, set to
. right by Mr. Herjot, was Earl "Spencer,*
^ the President of the Engl sh Agricultural
Society, of the Sinithfield Club, dec., and
psobubly the most extensive brcederof pure
- Short Horns in the world! It does not
appear from the Herd Book, that Mr. He
roil has ever been tf?e breeder or owner'of
one! . The foil iwing is the real historjf of
the cross, by the Rev. Henry Berry, nnd
as it is adoptod by Mr. Youatt in his history
of British cattle. It should be remnrked,
too, that it is fully confirmed by the Herd
Book, (an authority which Mr. Heriot acknowledges
in a preceding part of t ic
.- rvw> namarftnh. ? nnrlinn of which is OLIO.
- r?? r < ??i-ted/)
as may be seen by referring to the
pedigree of any of thO animals mentioned
by Mr. Berry.
*Mr. Colbng's Short florned bull, Bolingbrokf-*,'
was put to a beautiful red polled
Galloway cow, nnd the produce being a
bull calf, was in due time put to Johanna,
a pure Siior t Horn?she also produced a
bull calf. The grandson oi Bolingbroke
was the sire of the cow Lady, by another
pure Short Horn dam, and from Lady has
sprung the highly valuable family of improved
Snort Horns, termed in reproach
t ?e Aloy. How fur the alloy was d?*roga.
lory, let facts terify. It will probably be
admitted that the prejudice against this
cross, w;?* at the time of Mr. CharletfCo'hng's
sale. * * * * Lady, before
mentioned, at fourteen years old, sold for
two hundred nnd six guineas. Countess,
her daughter, nine years aid, for four hundred
guineas. Laura, ^another daughter,
four yeargpld, for two hundred and ten
guineas." ISfajor and George, two of her
sons, tbd1 Tomer three years old, the latter
a calf, fat two hundred guineas, and
one hundred |i)U thirty; beside a number
of others, mo? remotely from Lady, which
all sold for high prices?in fact, in a sale of
forty eight lots realizing ?7,115,17s.?
Lady antf" her descendants sold for a larger
^ sum than any other family obtained."
The sale here referred to affords a prct.
ty decisive cbmpv?n.|fy on tho statement,
that Colling "gained neither fame nor profit
by the experiment!" Mr. lleriot's closing
assertion in <tbe parngraph quoted above,
that breeders who possess the best herds,
have always carefully guarded against the
blood thrown in by this crop*," is as inex^
cusably untrue. Earl Spencer, Rev. H.Berry,
Mr. Charge, Mr. Champion, Majffrr
Better kno#n to b"eedars pei'iapj under hi?
former title of Lefd Ahhorp. *
** , rfK> 4 . :p|
.
" 4
IBM
J1 JVD h
C1IERJ
Bower, Mr. VVhittaker, and a multitude of
others among the distinguished breeders
of England, have bred the Ailoy, and many
of them have given n decided preference.?
This was par.icularly the case with Mr.
VVhittaker, who, until his retirement, was
perhaps the .most fashionable breeder of
England, and the most successful seller of
Short Horned stock. His bull ^Frederick,"
considered by him, I believe, the best animal
of the kind in England, and ' Charles"
(sired bv the latter) the names of one of
- * r i *
which occur in too pecngree 01 uimosi every
animal bred by him, were of the alloy.?
Mr. Berry's Actonia, whose portrait graces
the work on cattle in the 'Farmers'Series,'
as splendid a model of u Short Horn cow
as any known^ was of the Alloy. The
American breeders almost to a man,* have
bred more or less deeply into .this blood.?
The names of Williams, Munson, Rodman,
Powell, Rotch, Orne, Henry Watson,
Clay, GihV>ns, Bement, the Messrs. Ajlen,
the Ohio Company, &s.? occnr to- me.?
Co.1. Powel's imported bulls,. Gloucester,
Bolivar, Bertram,* &c. were alloyed.?
Wye Cornet, (owned by HenrJ Watson) so
celebrated in the'eastern and northern
stales, possessed this blood. The present
President of our State Agricultural Sociely,
accordingly the most eminent breeder
in the state, though commencing with animals
ol^ar of ths alloy, has since intro.
diiced it into hi9 herd, and his stock of bulls
for several years have ull been irtlhs strain.
1 might go on with the enumeration,' but
perhaps enough has been said to test conclusively
the correctness of Mr. Herioi's
assertion, f
The consequences of Mr. Colling's sue.
cessful experiment, hove established deci.
sively, the correctness of the principle of
crossing, where circumstances require.?
He resorted to it to obviate the deterjora.
t;on produced by in-and in b; ceding which
was slowly but surely leading to a hereditary
debility ofcons itution. He not only
renovated the blood of the Short Horns by
the rre-w infusion, without injury to them
otherwise, but with masterly skill he imnroved
a breed already near perfection, by
p. - _
engrafting on it the peculiar excellences of
nnolher breed, in the main far inferior!?
This splendid solution of a much mooted
and very interesting question, is too important
in its general application, to be lost
sight of or discredited under the assaults of
any of that antiquated class of sticklers for
the ancien regime of Short Horn blood, to
which Mr.Jleriot seems to belong. Mr.
George Contes (compiler of the HerdBook)
was a memorable, example of the
same class. Once the possessor of one of
the most valuable herds of Short Horns in
England, he disdained to cross with the alloy,
and Charles Colling soon distanced :
him in the competition for popular favor.?
Mr. Contes' herd sunk into obscurity and
disrepute. J
I do not design to be understood as advocating
any new cross, having for its object
the improveffi'nt of the full blooded
Short Horns of the present day, Asa variety
thfty do not need i', ,Thnt system of
an ijjrdnddn breeding, which once made it
nccessaryftiHs a general thing, long since
been abandoned. - It seems astonishing
that intelligent breeders should ever have
been wilting to permit the incestuous connexion
between the sire and his own progeny,
his progeny's progeny, and so on the
third and fourth generation, yet such was
the fact/ The sire and the grandsire of |
of the celebrated Comet, sold by Colling j
for $5,000, was the same animal, Favorite.
The H^rd-Book abounds in instances where
this direct in. and-in breeding has extended
much farther. Indeed it was difficult, when
the entire variety consistod of but few ani
. ?.l a nnaran. with
mats, to nvoi'j cihh*-it aubu ? v?MIH..r
out merging to some extent their newly at*
Francis Rotch, Esq., of Louisville, Otsego
Co.
tNoto by the Editors?The error ofthe Iferiot
is ably exposed by our correspondent; but, as
the subject is one of considerable importance to
the c.ittle breeder, and has been much misunderstood
in this country, as Well as, it seems in
Eng and, we have introduced hero a statement
by H. Ccrttercll, Esq., oncoftho best authorities
on the matter. It is from the Fanner's Magazine
for DeC. and corroborates full)* the position of
our correspondent;?
' In the next paragraph [of Mr. Hcroits statement,]
Mr. C. Colling perceiving that by continuing
this close brce.iing, he was rendering the
slock delicate, took the remarkable step of putting
a Galloway bull to somo of his best cows:
and that a noble lord [Earl Spencor] was in crror
in saying, 'The most successful cross be
t?nnn i it? hrowls of cattle, of which ho was
aware, was. tho one bctwoen the Durham bull
and a Galloway Scotch cow, made by Mr. Colling,'
"Here, again, Mr. Ileriot is in error. Mr. C.
Colling did not breed as hero asserted by Mr.
Ileriot, nor aro his Improved Short florns got by
a Scotch bull, but tho cross was asserted by his
'The celebrated cow, Lady, (page 351.) was
got by a grandson of Bolingbroke?-dam, Phoenix,
by Faljambc.
"The grandson of Bo'ingbroko (No 285) was
got by O'Collaghan, son Bolingbroko?dam by
C. Collittg's lame bull.
"O'Callaghan, son of Bolingbroko (No. 469)
was got by Bolingbrokc?dam, a red polledGalloway
Scotch coir.
"What breeder of Improved Short "Horns
would not be possesnd of Major, or Western
Comet, Lady's son and grandson.
"Thi*gentleman [Mr. Ileriot] appears to bo
runinga wrong scent. Ilubback's pedigree was
endeavored to l>o stained by tho assertion of |
having scotch blood in hirn; not only John Hun.
ter (whoso father bred his dam) denies it, but Mr.
I Charlee Colling informed mo, that he bad not
the least doubt but Hubback was a true bred
Short Horn." ?
II have never known a pur* Short Horn that
would kick; and rarely a bull of this brood any
ago, that wouid even menace with his horns.?
The grades invariably, so far as my knowledge
has extended, preserve the characteristic.
,, * ' > * *
K 11 Si 9
MM Hjw-CT
TE R .1 II' .1
LW, SOUTH-CAROLINA,
' i
lained characteristics. ^When those char- t(>
acteristics became sufficiently stamped on the ri<
improved breed, to render their hereditary at
transmission certain, Colling* had"recourse to 0f
the Galloway cross. Had Bakewell resorted ^
to a similar step, it is probable that the once J
famous New Leicesters would not have passed
aw ay as they have done like a dream.-r- "j
The number of Short Horns is now so exten- ?'
ded, that it is practicable to, breed from affini. Pf
ties too remote to produce any evil consequent ct
cos, and, assumming that they are already the ai
best breed. lt is, as I have already remarked, p.
unnecessary to cross them. 0 jn
But, if a breed ''near perfection," ^
have been improved in certain parHcula^f
by admixture with an "inferior breed," the ^
same experiment cstablshod conclusively j
that the inferior breed received tl>e gratest ?
advantago from the cross* In ot|ief words, ^
Lady, und her descendants wero more
improved frofft'the Galloway cow, frofn ?v
which they sprang, than from their Darh'am f"
ancestors; but with ihis-difTerencci?the Short -v
Horned look but one cross of the Galloway, ^
and then breed back to the pure blood: the a
Galloway blood on the other hand was merged ^
and nearly.extinguished by repeated admix- lfl
tare with the Short Horn. This is by no mean* ^
a sol tary example of the improvements effected
by judicious crossing and as it is n
subject ofniuch interest to our s ock raisers,
I will-cite a few examples. The Ayrs'iircs,
so celebrated for the- dairy, are, as have dbeen
remarked on a former occasion, th- j1
produce of a cross between the miserable '
nnd stinted original breed of Cunningh am,
artd some of the earlier Short Horns. The
admixture between the Durham nnd Hold. n
crness, or, in other words, between the im- lt
proved and unimproved Short Horns, was (1
signally successful; the produce being the lu
favorite cow of all the English metro.
politan dairies. The cross between the Short
Hofn and North Devon had increased the jj
size of the latter, and very decidedly im.
proved their qualities as milkers,
Henry S. Randall.
Cortlandville. April, 1840. . ^ . w " ,|J
y-1 0
From the Southern Cultivator.
ON SECURING THE CORN CR<?P, . tl
And the value of Us Blades and Stalks. v
Whilst so much of the valuable labor of il
the South and West is-devoted to the pro- fi
duction of Indiap corn, it is a crop upon t;
which less economy perhaps is employed I
than upon any other known to our range of (
husbandry. Jts very abundance has perhaps e
contributed to hfibits under which it has been a
wasfefully harvested and prodigally'scaltered fc
as food to all manner of domestic animals, a
Thoro is an economy elsewhere employed b
in securing the corn crop, which is but little C
known or practiced with us. Our farmers
should look to it?and this is the proper sea. c
( on for turning their.attention to this impor- t
tant matter. We are not about to enter r
upon a speculation as to what that economy p
consists in;,we will notVenture to give ad- \
vice to the hundreds and thousands of vene- b
rable corn planters'in the great valley of the t
Mississippi, upon a subject with which thev b
have so old an acquaintance, and upon which b
they should be so well in formed
the benefit of young farmers, we wtll make i
the timely remark, that there is a diversity <
of opinions as to the best method ofsecuring
the whole benefit of the corn crop?and that j
they may have the benefit of those opinions, *
(whilst in all due deference we refrain from j
an expression of our own,) wo shall here pro t
ceed to present them the recorded views o?
a variety ofhigh agricultural authorities, viz. I
The President of tho Maryland Agrirult- i
ural Society (Mr. Robert Smith,) in an ad- I
J ' * ? ? rann pl/nri _ iliuf 1
ureas ueiure we sweicij, una ib>u.nnvu|4<.ii.i
" not only corn fodder, but the very corn <
stalks, instead of1 wasting their sweets on <
the desert air,' may, if well cured and pre. | <
served, be converted into nourishing food 11
for the maintenance" of stock throughout the j
whole winter season. i
A writer in the Farmer.' Register, for I
October, 1835, makes the following remarks:
i
" The value of the corn crop, no citizens
of the United States know better, or are more I
willing to acknowledge, than those of Virgi- i
uia. If they are sincere in this acknowledg- i
ement, it will be unnecessary to use many ?
wotds to prove the propriety and good sense t
of endeavoring to find out the most econo- <
mical and judicious mode of saving, not only i
the grain, but benefi ting themselves by the j t
ofFal, or forage it affords: While it gives n j?
j groat mass of food of the trujlagc'> kind, it s
! certainly aids astonishingly in the production |
of manure. But these are not all the ad- c
vantages that the cul ivation of this grain. \
cluims. If it can be removed ofTthe ground I
in time for other crops to succeed in the f
same piece of ground, nnd in the same year, i
it is no small addition to its claims on the t
floriculturist. Ifllie fora?e nart of the corn *
"" r* - - * t i ?i
crop can be saved with less labor, and more i
of the nutritive principles secured in every i
part of it, then the plan ought to bo adopted. 1
That there is nutrition in every part of the^i
plant, the course of our animals tells us at i
once, when the cow, and indeed the lulmgry
horse, and mule, will devour with avijity, ;
the blanched remains in the field. Aware t
thousands of corn raisers nre perfectly ig- t
norant of the real extent of the advantages to I
be derived from this plant, judiciously man- <
aged, I would respectfully suggest to them, ;
that during the ensuing corn.saving season,
that f will give it a fair trial, taking the foil. :
owing course. As soon as tho corn exhibits I
blades that requite curing, pull them off, and i
cure, which will generally be found tQ.be but
few, until the shuck turns yellow,'and the I
corn exliib ts a glazed appearance, with con- <
siderable, hardness. By this period it will I
be discovered that the remaining blades and
"* + ' 7**'
* 4
.** * .. \fiV
T -.Sjr
Cr JL 2
^ ?3 ?~r
WEDNESDAY, AUGUT J
ps, rail foe saving ; and let this be the ped3
o? cutting down th estalk at the ground,
id shocking on the ground, or hauling out
"the fieldas cut, aodshocking in nn encloire?diacent
to lite barn yard or place
here it will be wanted Wfeed away, with
ost convenience. There remains no doubt
'.the lingular advantugo of steaming every
iH-or the refuse of.corn, even cob?if it
donev-if it cannot, the cutting up.
id letting it become charged wfth the pie-*
ffatioil f have suggested, wiifamply secure
its effects on the jcatde,. thb suffrage of
e [danter who will try iu
>441 have found the curing process aided
I shoeing about fifty or sixty stalks in the
ibck.todns for one hundred, if the shock
mAteifltoJy observing to spread it well, at
ie bottom, tying at the topjsyith a baiidful
f rye straw, and permitting^Wie butt-end of
ic slarfks to press into.oreven agMjistnety.
r ploughed grounJ. Ifiha weathef ts wclint
lay be calkbldry let those shocks stand
bout ten. day's?if wet, say twelve; and it
miters not if Hie corn is cut and shocked
i ar slight rain. My experience of years
rould prefer it. *
0> tokihg dowpjhe shocks'to put away,
ie%irn m'ay be pulled off*.and cribbed.
,nd if the stalk is to hp cut in the box, f prer
shucking at the time> letting thp shuck
j.here to the stajk, for the spying of time
tid convenience ofcuttiog np. In all cases
sprinkle salt amongst my corn when crib.
whether shucked or put up' in tlio shuck
-as also $very species of grain,-4 ruffage,1
nd hay, when I stpek, that I put up for winir
provend? r. It is too late in the day to
m-stioii, or be even ignorant erf the advahiges
of this course; After taking off* the
orn, the stalks, &c.,' may be preserved in
ic old foJder house mode. Hut for the
reservation of every thing, I prefer -the
nard shelter, Rnd open barn. It is true e_
onomy, and that is to me sufficient."
The following is an extract from Lorra
s's Husbandry.*nd relates to experiments
n topping corn :
44 It was discovered early in August, 1810,
bat proper grasses for soiling my cattle
fould soon be dcry deficient; nnd on the
I J.h of that monlh^one row of^corn in a
iold of thirteen acres was topped to nscer
. a
tin hotv the pkoit wou.ct Dear eariy cutting,
t was tliougfrE0jfti.il had received no injury.
)n the 21at of tliesame mouih, I commencd
feeding the cnttle with the tops cut daily
s wanted. Tnese lasted until *the 18th of
>i*ptember. After this, the blades were
tripped, commencing where tho toppings
>egan. They fed the catllo until the 6th of
*
** In the process of lopp'ng and blading,
ino row was left entire, standing between
ho row which had been topped on the 20th
if August, ond anotner row which was topled
on the 2d of September. Th^se rows
vere cut off by the roots on the 2d of Octo?
>er, and hauled in, and set up separately
inder my own inspection. They were
lusked and measured on the 8th of Novem>er.
,
" Produce of row that had not b^cn topped
ind stripped, nine bushels ond five-eighths of
torn in the ear.
One of tho rows which had been topped
uid stripped, measured seven bushels and
Mueighths :and the o her topped-and stripped
row measured seven bushels and Jhree?igths
of corn in the car.
i4 Thus it clearly appears that mutilating
he corn plant before its fruit is perfected* is
* Very injurious practice. The injury done
:o my crop by this mode of management
was clearly seen some time'before the-three
experimental rows were cutoff. Through>ut
the whole field tho husks were genera'ly
Irv and open, except on the row-which hud
int been topped and stripped. On this they
?til! retained ti greenish hue and wife close
iet to the ear when the plants were cut off
jy the roots."
The following is from the Genesee FarTvr,
for th?? yenr 1836:
14 Farmers the present year have had n
ine opportunity of testing the respective
Tie its of the two mode? of saving corn by
he bottom, respecting which some diversity
still appears to exist among tfiose who are
the most interested; Ttre frost of the 5th
3fS''p'ember was widely and severely felt;
ind while soine adopted the old method of
opping, o:hers resorted to cu'lingup by the
ground, and when dried, setting up in small
jtneks. Either course was undoubtedly
ireferahie to lotting 1 he corn stand with the
Jead tops adhering; hut we think experience
vill convince ull who are cofelul observers,
hat cutting at the ground, is greaily be pre*
erred by the farmer who wishes to make as
nuch as possible of his frost-bitten field of
:orn. We krfew of two pieces of corn own.
d by the same individuals, planted at nearly
he same time, and both equally promising,
ivhen their progress was stopped by the
'rost of the. 5th. One of the pieces was im.
nediately topped, and the other \vnsras soon
is possible cut by the bottom and stalked.
^ lin?l/n/l > olinrl limp Since.
1 llt^y Wl'IU UUlll Iiusnv/U U cnvx - ,
ind tho owners assured us, that contrary to
he expectation of mnny who witnessed the
JifTcrent modes of curing, they should get at
!east one.third more sound corn frdfti that
cut up, than from that which was topped
ind left on the hill."
We make the following extract from an
xrticle on the cultivating and harvesting of
fndian corn, by Judge Bael, which appeared
in the Albany Cultivator in 1836:
' There is pother question of interest to
farmers, which relates to the mode of har>
vesting the crop ; that is whether it is best
:o top the stalks, cut tho whole at the ground
whenpaiii glazed, or cut the whole when
%Z E R . , '
.......
.2, 1840. * ,
the grain has fully ripened. We have 8tn?Ldi
ted the experiments of Mr. Clark, of $0rjh- to
ampton, one of the best practical farmers of
our country, and pf other gemlemeftehowipg til
that the graitfjurors a-diminution of six or th
eight bushelswe acre, by topping the stallis; .m
and there seems to be no counterbalancing sv
benefit in the fodder, unless at the expense m
of carrying the stalks-to the borders of the m
field, thafclhey may be secured before the di
cron is rrr.thered, and before th*?y becomo tfi
T o
blanched and half ruined. .And it is no pro. k<
tection against early autunlrial frosts, bofYa. ai
ther exposes unripP?d grain ta be more in- 01
jure J. Hence, so for. as regards thi^two' ifj
modes, oil who have made <e comparison, .t<?
seem to concur jntbeT&pjmoh, that stripping n<
the corn of its tops and leifves, is a bad prac- k<
tice. \y 111 in np 4^ r m rcfayflf ? Maryland,
has given us in the Farmers' Register, iris b<
experiments ia this matter, which g</to cor- T
roborate ttie conclusion we ha ye drawn, fie pi
took, promiscuously, one hundred ears from pi
corn that had'beenntopjjed, and one hundred is
ears from that which had Tiot been topped. d<
growmg side by side. Tue first weighed, al
0:1 the cob, 50 pounds; shelled 41 pounds, hi
and measured 21 quarts 1 pint. The other b<
on the cob, 56 poundsj^helled 46, alrid men- th
sured 26 qu irts?showing a-difference of r*
nearly one-fith in favor of the unstripped or I
unfopped corn. The (act is, that topping je
not only prevents the furthe^elahoraffon of
the sap, which'can only take place tn the f)(
leaves, and which is 'necessary for the a
growth of the corn, hut ii deprives the grain e
of much that is already elaborated, and on 0
its way to the grain.". 0
The editor therefore concludes, " that in 0
harvesting corn, the crop should be cut at $
the ground as soon as the gram is glazed." j?
A correspondent of the American Farmer, w
furnishes tho following, experiments, from p
memoranda noted at the time; w
"1917. September 20th. Cut down
half an acre of common soft (16 row) corn. t|
and .put up in* very small 9horks none ex- g
eeeding 250 hills. Within forty eight hours |<
all were blown down by a storm of wind
and rain, which lasted some" days.?Six j(
days after cutting, the shocks again put up. ^
When gathered, the grain perfecily sound,
but the fodder unfit for food. The blades
of^he surrounding corn, stripped at the
same time, were much injured, notwiihstan-.
ding having taken more trouble than they
were wdrth, to save them from the effectqf s
the weather. This fi 'Id was new ground, *
planted late anJ produced about 20 bushels 1
per ncrej%< v v
7818. August 31st. Cut down tw? a-,
cres of goo.d^orn, (just in the slate to begin (
stripping the-blades,)?part immediately .
into shocks of 300 io 400 bills, and the re- mainder
tweiityffour hours after. N<> rain
until the 17th of- September. The. fodder
cured well and'tho "corn as sound as any ,
"part of the prop! ~ (
181$. September 10.h. Cut four acres
in a much dryer state than the gjpreeding. j
and shocked after ten hours exposure to the |
sun. Heavy rains, September 17th and
October 2dfc much of the grain mouldly (
when gnthcred. '
1818. September 21. Cut an acre of ,
small flifat corn, on rich low ground,.and put ;
into shocks after laying forty eight hours-? j
When gathered, not ono damaged ear ob-- (
served. The fodder its good as could have. |
* * 1 ' ?!r?o wlipn
been looKeu lor, us u wus u?^? r.^. ....v...
cut, and burnt still more by the sun before '
shocking. ' j
1820. Cut down sixteen acres of flint
corn as soon as the time for stripping
arrived, put into large shocks (800 to 1000
stalks J after lny:ng forty-eight hours. The 1
grain proved as good as that left standing. .
all having much rot from the. unusual wet- !
ness of the season. The fodder much !
worse than that s'ripped at the same time,
and on the same pi<*co of low ground.
18*20. September 20:h. Cut five acres
of the common soft corn on a rich clay sod. 1
having allowed it to stand as late as possible *
without injury to the fodder'.^?- After laying 1
one cloudy day* put irifojiHocksi of 400 bills. 1
contains, about five busings of corn each. (
Of the ten succeeding days, no* One was 1
clear of rain, nnd the weather uncommonly
cool. The fodder cured green and of good j'
quality; but# the corn was much injured, j1
about one.fourth being ro'ton or motildly, 1
All mv fodder gathered rn the usual way <
- - ? ? ?.i? 11
had been stacked before* me oau treuiiirt ..
commenced, except from fifteen acres, I
which was in consequence lost. I
From my slight experience it seems that
the grain of the sma'l northern corn is not 1
endangered by this trea!men% but for the '
most productive kind for a southern climate, |
and for the fodder in nny case, the practice
is attended much risk.?I suppose the labor 1
of cutting down and shocking, with the con- I
sequent trouble attending that mode, to be '
about equal to that of the common practice '
of stripping, topping and shocking; and that 1
the superiority of the former consists in '
leaving the field cleaned for sowing wheat.?? '
There ! we have done our du?y?given '
the best opinions and practices before us to 1
our renders, and in proper season. Let them J
ponder them?practice upon them, test
them, and report success, forthe benefit of 1
themselves, their fellow farmers, and poster- 1
it y. ;
I
FROM stuarts stable- economy.
articles used in food for horses.
[continued.]
^ *1 * I"" ?'? o/iurtrul vnriolips tvlll'rll
VMTS. I IICI<in.?">v??.?i ?.-v..?
need not be described.
Good Oats nrc afbout one year olJ, plump, ;
short, hard, ra'tling when, poured into the
mangor, sweet, clean, free from chaff anj 1
M-t. ' * * ? J
!
( Jff * ^
^ '* - '** . J
-# ..;-l
** , * -I
I" 'l ' ? - 1
, NUMBBli 39. - j
? ??t?^4
ist, and weighin^boui fo*y pouuds yper
jshel. * m
Nero Oats Are sligbily purgative, indiges>!?,
and unprofitable. They seem to resist
e action of the stotnacHJ and'to retain their
itriment. Tbyy make the horse soft; he
^ats s^(4jifl> mtich at work. If they |
u'st be used when und- r three or four
on;li<^old|mey may be improved by kiln. 1
;yin?- ?They are not good, however*
iey ar| abotrt .a year old. They may*he 3
?pt till too old, when they become musty4
id full of insects. The period at vqjiich J
its begin to degenerate depends so much * ?
pon the manner in which tney are harvest
d and preserved thatihe age alone dfcfafa
5 ?-e for rejecting tlifcm. Tliey can be
edfin gflod condition for several years.
iCMijwiiSWS/ *
'hey ore^fOt through this process to im- > .1
'ove their dolor. A -good deal of the $ul-*
fiur adheres to the husk of (ji0 oat, which
of a pretty color. A li'ile-sulphur cannot
a the horse .any harm, , but light small oats
asorb a considerable qu ?a*ity. The sulpjr
is easily detected by rubbing the- oat#
4 lJ - ufnr.-rti.rt Wh^fl
31 ween me nanus ? nu?>
fe sulphur is in large quantity, the horses
jfuse the oats, or they do not feod heartily,
da not perceivo that fumigated oats ars ob?
ctio ha bio in other respects. .
Ki/n-driedOuts nro- those which have
een dried by the ap;?ic<iiio?>offire. They
rc generally bhumt(J for producing diabet*
s; but thougtfhnis "disease-'is. common enugli,
it does not appear wherever ktln-clried * }
us are used. In many parts of Russia*
ats and all other kinds of corn are kiln*
ried in the straw before they Ore stored, II
; not likely thnf-this would be the case if it
rere'so prejudicial to the oats as many peale
imagine.. ^Mokt of the kiln-dried oats
rhich nre grven to horses have been damn,
ed before they were dried, and I suspect
iat,lhe injury rtceived in harvesting or ia
taring has moreio do with .diabetes than
iln drying has, ? ...
Bad Oats.?Some oafs are light, contain*
ig little nutriment in proportion to thfir
iulk; some contain much dust and cfca?
mall stones, 8nd earth; these can hardly be
ailed gocxPbats, yet there are others which
ire much worse. -Liglrt, husky, and ill.
ilennsed oats may b? sweet and wholesome;
f they do little good they do no ipirm, but
iome oa's arc positively injurious to the
lortfe. They may please the eye tolerably
well, but they have a bad smell and a bjtter
disagreeable taste. Horses do not like
them. After the first day ortwo they begin
to "refuse them.? That whielAhoy eat pro*
duces diabetes, a disease which goes under
rhariy names. The roost common are staL
ing-e vil and j aw-piss. itlo not know hour
the onts obtains thi^ diuretic property; many,
as I have said, attribute it io ktiff-drying,
many to the bat*having been heated, undergone
a Utile fermentation in the stack or in
;he granary, and a few ascribe it tojfe oats
being ill harvested, musty; or half-rotten before
they are got off the field. Oats may
be frost-bitten, damaged by insects, or in- " ? *
lured in various other ways, but it seems >.'
yet uncertain what condition .they are in
when they produce diabetes; or whst makes
them so strongly diuretic. There is no
doubt but heated oats will produce diabetes;
but whether any other alteration in the oats
will have the same effect I do not femur.
Whatever be the cause, the oats must be
langed as soon as it is discovered that they
produce.
Diaheles.?It is the same disease as that
which arises fom th* u9e of mow-burot
lay. The lueses urinate ofien: the urfne
" . it u
s qnitd colorless, and i? is atscnargcu
mmense quantities. The horse would drink
orcver, and the water is hardly down bis
hr< at till it*is thrown among his Feet in the
"orm pfurine. In a day or two his coal stares,
Ve refnsp.s to feed, loses flesh, and bccoiM
vxcessively weak. He may For ? time cooinue
at Work, but if he catch cold; and ~renain
at work while he has both the cold and
Jiubores upon him he often become? glaod?red.
.* * - '
The horses may not be all alike. In a
largo sfyd some are always more.affected
by these bad oats than others. The worst
oust go out of work for a. while, and some
xhers must be spared as much as possible,
while a few may continue at their usual ejn.
ploymont. The'oats must be changed. Give
slenty ofbeans, som? barley,.and good hay.
Let each horse have a lump of rock sak,
*nd a piece of chalk in his manger. Put somo
clay and bean-meal in the water. Carrots,
whims, or grass may be given with benefit.
But by changing the oats, and diminishing
he work, the disease will generally disap-*
pear. If all these means fail, medicine must
be tried. A veterinarian will furnish that
" * * ? ? will arrMf
af the proper kind, our waning
the disease permanently unless the oafs bo
changed. If no: very bad, they may do (bp
horses in easy^wo'rk. But while a horse
lias diabetes, beicannot maintain his condi*
ion for full work, fie .vould lose flesh
though he stood tip to the knees in corn.
There is a kind qf diabetes wh eh does
not proceed from had food, h is accompanied
with a good deal of fever, and requir.
?s different trenfmenf; it may be suspected
when the food has not been chang1 but
the eye is red, and the mouth hot, an<^ tjho
horse is dull for a day or two before the sUling.evil
is upon him. ^ %
Preparations of Oa/s.-7-Most frequently
oats are giv?*n raw and whole. Butoccns,
ionally they are bruised, or coarsely ground f
Sometimes thev are boiled, and sometimes
germinated. There is no objection^ bpm*
v '* 0^
? 1# *3T '
* ' ?