Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, July 29, 1840, Image 1
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crj ?p??? urn, ii iihuhjuimjejuww
VOLUME V.
^ 4
EDITOR AND PRO.PJR IETOR.
TERMS:
if paid within three months, . . $3 00
II paiJ within threo months after the
close of the year, 350
If paid within twelve months aftor.the
close of the year 4 00"
If net paid within that time*, ... 5-00
Two new subscribers- will be entitled to the
paper the first year for Jive dollars, phid at the
time of subscribing ? end fivo new subscribers
for ten dollars paid at the "liine of subscribing.
No paper to be discontinued but at the option
oft&e-editor till arrearages are paid.
Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines,
inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty
conts, each subsequent ini irtion.
Persons sending in advertisements aro reqnest
x. to specify the number of times they aro to be
iuse ted; othorwise they will be continued till
ordered out, and charged accordingly.
O*'fho Postage must be n&id on %11 oominu.
What Root Crop yields the most1 To.
this inquiry, which is frequently niacin, we
can give no definite answer. In a good soil
well cultivntedf sugarbe^.-ts, mangle wurJ7.el,
fihrsiiios.cabbajjB turnip, ruta bagn, j
V"M w'"?l f i>oJ
some other turnips usually. produce
great crops; in some cases -the yield' has
hem stated so great that it seemed almost
(.credible. Cut we'h^ve many cases
^ from unquestionable.niirlmrijy iq.w'iich the
crop has been from. 1000 io 1^00 bushels to
the acre. . Potatoes and the small, lale'tur
nip* generally yield much I-ss thyn d*
kinds we have above homed: on'this* ?c'
* ' .
count .t is ganerally though) hy farmers who
huvo exp-riencc in thoigenpraf culture of
roots, tln\? potatoes, though i^goad root for
stock, are hot so profitable to raise for that
purpose as ot her coqt<V 'he expense *of
-euftrvatinu is neujIy-aS much, whikihe yield
is usually rnneh loss. . .
Comparative expense of cultivating Jloot'f.
T'*ose roots tliot gro\y in a short time, dun
bo raised with the least expense, otb'fi
circumstances being equal Cor iheir rapid
growth soon braigiuUem* forward so tlitrt
tit weeding can be dorib vvdiilo the earth
loose from the" r-eertt ploughing, "and the
weeds have made but litileprogross; and a**
the full growth is completed in .1 short Hme
firom A>wing,a less number cf liopings'is yru.
jvceswry. Yhotiuiip culture willevofjioltla
(uromioem rank in our systuhi ofHusbandry,
# '* ? "i #
-on account of its rapid growth, whch wimits
of.late sowing, and in many eas*s rc-'
qjj.red but little expcnce in weeding; but in
most chSl'& those kitic/s which grow nrpiiy
arid save expense in wcding, do not prodace
so he ivy crops as those which ore. of
liiwr growth.
Tho farmer of en finds an advantage in
late sowing, as he may not bc^prepared to.
attend to this business early and If he have
his. hind weH prepared-, he can plough, h arrow,
or othiwi?e stir "the earl!) frequently
an 1 destroy tho weeds before* solving, and
render it more mellow and proditpfiye^ and
in seme cases he can get a faio ^jtfrop frona
a piece of laud that Ihis produced a crop
early in the season. * "A crop of clover or
winter grain, green peas, enYiy potatoes, or
o h?-r crop may be tukuri.off in sdasonfor a
^ bite crop of turnsps.
As carrots n-ed to stand much nearer
than turni, s or be t 4 they require alii.Je
more care iu first hoeingunnd 011 this, aft >rr?
n little'moro. eJOensive in their |
VWWII t a* W ?, ...... f
culture* but ns they s'and'ncnr together on
account of their Tops being small, they mriy
be mTuJe to yield a large crop of roors, by
taking advantage or thh? peculiar property
and arranging litem as near as they will
grow. ' ?. - .
. When the soil is-nol very loose itnJn.cllow
it may bo prop.tn d-witrt less expanse
for turnips - than it can lor taproo.t'd
plants. *
TYkut roots aj-e best Foal Co? Slock1 For
so.ne purposes and some qnjdi.iJs n
preference should be given to particular
roots* though^ a fanner that has /Hflbynt
k mds of roots, that he can cultivate con'
venhawly, profuable for some pttrJjbSf**.
Turnips arc excellent for beef and hrtuttonw
nod they are excellent food -for cat lo and
shoep promoting their health and growth,
nitdthough they cause an increased quantity
of-rnilk when fed to milch cows, and by
the free use of salt the unpleasant taste of the
turnip may be prevented, yet .'he mi k nod
bu^oi^ does nor have that richness, fine
flavor, and boauttfuJ color wh chf' i +
produced by the sugar, beet and the car.
tot. \
Tueru'a baga, and those other turnips that
resemble, it in color and hardness,ure doubtless
the most nu ricious. The cabbage furn.
ip resembles, it in taste,*and appearance, the
inside or pith of u cabbage stump, and from
its peculi if taste its's rhnch aci mired by fcatt
e. As it is entirely free from the strong
turnip flavor,-we think that it must produce
nailk and cream x)fexcellent quality. V\re
have fed milch cows liberally on them ?nd
the milk was of the very best quality. Turnips
are not "much used as fuo<J for
horses and."hog? being considered inferior
to other roots to? those purposes. A few.
years since most farmers in this country on
first giving their uttemion to root culture,
cultivated the turnip almo.; t exclussvly, but
lately the sugar beet nnd carrot are receivr
ing particular attention.
The manglo wurtzel is very" productive,
and excellent food for stock, and*until tfie
introduction of tl:o sugar beet, it was lho
most cultivated of any root next to the tur^
nip.
The sugar beet is consideied about as
productive as the mangle wurtzil, and rather
superior** food for stock on-account ol
the hrger portion of saccharine inatlw/The
ARM
. I .V /> Cfl
k . # '
. , .* ?CHERA
cult.vation of. I his roofis now becomingt*, j,
lensivfc,. Besides the producjion of food
for stock,-many have in view me rmmuiae-L
tore of beet-sugar. In 'case any 'manufactories
shoulJ be established and put into
successful operation, these beets will be in
tlemand; and should there bo po "call for
this purpose, they are one of the very best
root crops that a farmer can grow.?
Tuero is no crop more sure or productive,
and they can be kept in good condition U1
lute in the spring. * t N . .
As some farmers have lately given it as
their opinion that sugar beets would not
retain their good quality in the spring we
made particular inquiry a few days since of !
I a farmer who raises largo quantities, and he
observed that his was then in fine condition,
and he was feeding them to his cows, wfieh
rtv*
iinothb cipllur withr.o oujercare to pfascrve '
! them. / - *
Sugar beets is a valuable food far all
kind* of stock and f t the various purposce
of producing good l?eef, mutton and pork,
an abundance of ridh and palatable m'lF,
und a gotJdand healthy growth of animals;
Comhinhtgso mianv advantages in-so gre< t .
, .. * ' - t . ? . .? I
a degreent is coming mto very extensive
cul;ivatiorf,'and will doqbtless be generally
^r^rred, or receive the most attention iif
root culture; and it-'wi-lf deserves all ihe-ut: Jl
tea1'Ofi thaidt has or will recetye^"
' The carrot has not byen: cultivated so
imjchMp* it should be; its merits arty becom.'?
ma known, find it wjlbsoon "be cultivated to. a
A W? i -
grt.'ater extent. It yields, a very large crop
Vith a-gomi soil and culture, keeps well,
and for all the pnrposeaof fattening animals,
promoting their growth* and produc;ng?rich
mr!k, they r^nk \vilb the best of roots.?
I'ltey are excellent'food for h'nrsfs,. Hnd
vh< n they, are at" work, carrots may be;1,
used mostly for-fond Histeadof ?rain,va very
??mal^qtiar.tuy pftbu, latter will suffl-e.?*
* Toeyape good food fo'r hog^, either raw or
crtok?>d, though ir> the latter sta^o flify ace
prefera t>le.??anket Fdrmer. m r 1
Bee AToth.-Cover the'floor on Which the'
hives anr's "with common earth about an inch ''
JhiQk.' A hive set n?.edttTp\yOI . nb*>Br.beutTested
with* worms, for the bee moth will
not deposite heregca where the earth will
come in contact. She naturally n?orts to
a dry board as. her element. * The remedy
has been employed by a number of persons
jo this vicipity for keveraf^yeors with the
most complete success.?Orchardist,
A NEW LAMP. Dr.
Urt), the celebrated .chcraigf, lias
lately, ascertained by a course of experi.
ments, the relative economy of lamps and
c indies. .A new Jump, cilhil; Parker's hot
oik lump, is found tu give tlje greatest inten. i
sky of l'g(4 will*a given expense. \N?xt j
iirordi:r como other lamps ot various coosiructifyis.
The dearesbof all methods of
illumination is tktf of using sp'frinnceti or :
wax. candles* Six cents.worth of ofl,?ht.
Teriuess* piicwa. in'tb^ hot oil Unrp, or T2 ,
cent's, worth jd the .comon lamp, gving as
much fight as h pound of ;spern^?ce!i can'
dh s.r-Tvvo can l}es-give out as much carbonic
acid into the air ofu'rooo) as one
rrfon.?1'Southern Cldt. < \
[ . ' = , 1 , !
From tlio Southern Cabinet.
NOTION EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE,
BV A CHA R LKST0XIA X.
4 V - ^ . \.,9
* ' . NUMBER .SIX. . /
'.' TIfE R09T CROP. - . >v
The -doctrine of?he necessity of n dotation
of 'crops, has boon graduttHy gaih ng on ther*
?. 1 -----1-1 ^ P L.
i^juds nt ilie tSHropean-ogric*n<uris s tor ine
lust -fifty.yc^ifSr but like all other innovationsmi
the old system, i:s progress * was- very
stpw, till withm tho4as; feir years. For a
long ttpie it -was thought qeCcsjnrJno suffer'thc-blnd.
so-rest every fourth yea F--jco rise *
irjwnfly, unKr.t he-most- fa vouch blc.circirm.*
stances, cmly'thr^p-foutfhd'df the land, was '
pt any rimo^inder cultivhtioii. In* prppestf
of time it way discovered that tbefoot efop, !
such as ptfratoesi turnips, rata bbga, carrots, I
v5cc., nearly all of wlfch were gathered *beJ
fore their seeds were matured, were I ss exhausting
to the-Iand than the cereal grains;';
that the turnip crop, especially, extracted-!
much of i;& nutriment ffam the atmosphere.
Its abroad, porous leaves, whiblvare the lungs j
of the plant, serving, dl the samo tinjo-to
shade the* earth.and mellow the soil. Dy
substituting these a year was gained, and ,
tints the Inqd produced un annual" hardest j
ciilu-r of Ji?y4 grain, ot roots. . . ' * !
The greatest improvement' within the "fast
thirty >e ?rs in the husbandry oC a . portion
Furppvin which we pnay include Great*
Britain; Holland, Belgium, P-fussjn, Saxony, j
Wirtomburg, and Badeo, may be traced to J
the cultivation of the root crop, particularly ;
?'u? fnrnin ~Bv this means the sheep and';
...... -J
horned callle Imve doubled iivnumber. - and .
the improvement ia the stock are neaily in
the same ratio,. ^
Irish PolutOcs -r^Solanum tuberosum*)
The varieties-oTIrish potatoo-culiivated in
E irope"aro Immense. d observed in an
Englishcatalogue onehondrt d and r -ty?si.\
kinds advertised- for salt v? and thjfcro was an
omission of at least fif'y varieties cultivated
in America and on the continent of Europe.'
it should be observed, that in Europe as wel
hs in America there are kinds of the potato?
adapted to" every variety of soil and.climate.
There nre particular districts in England j
where the soil-is very favourable to one or
two varieties, and whoItyuftsuited;?o* others I
wImcH slit coed well in otli't.loeahiies. In
Enjl ind the Irish potatoes are divided iirto
r E R Jl W J.
. ' S*-.
?^narn^u-i HI . njuamiaMupiM!
W,. SOUTH-GA110 LIN A,
srjf nnd sometunQs seven .'dosses. 1st.
Earliest garden sort? trdapied^brjorcing on
account of their dwarf bahft of growth.
2nd. Earliest.-garden potatoes not so well
adapted for forcing as the preceding on account
of their tajfer habit of growth. 3rd.
Second early garden potatoes. 4. Early
field-potatoes, the leaves and stems of which,
under ordinary circumsta'nces, are decreed
by the time when they are-usually taken'up,
and'the tubers ofwlilch are then fit for use.
Class 5 !i. Lute field potatoes, the foliage of
which in ordinary seusons* does nQt dfecay
until injured by frost,-and the tubers of
which generally require to ho kept some
* ? - t?fit fi/M* notn r? to t lio rrrfiflt.
?iiue ueiur? wumj; in iui u^ni^ iw ...^
est advantage. 6th. Late, larg?>, prolific
sorts, moro particularly adapted lor feeding
cattle. . 7. Late, unprol flfc, cufious garden
-it * -***
All these varieties of die pa'a'oo have o~
figinated from the snjne stock, and h\ve
been produce^ not from'the pntnloe 1 self
buf frpm the seeds growing on 4the'vines
planted in tno vicinity ofotlvr^afieties. < It
is.well knpwn that the potatoes 4x?ing g mep:
shoofor offset fron\ the original plant, will
lijce an engrafting o'n a tree, always re.produce
its own kind../ If is ajsri ascen^'nedi
thfft vegetables, planted'from bpjbs,' will* if)
the. course-of time, becrmieMess proifb than
formerly, and tfyit resort mii^l a^aurbe'Jiad
tp seeds to produce new* varieties. Thus,
many varieties.hi .Europe whi(h were formerly
much cultivated, and our red potgioe
and English "whirosr-wJi1cji in Atnijrtea were
once so highly prlfced, have had their day,
arnd have given way to other sorts raispd
from sfeeds.* >h is the same in .regaid fo
faults. Our* - Spilzeuhergers, <Groenipg?,
Pippins, and Other tipples of life North, after
successive generations ol. engrafting *V not
now bear as' abundantly as'former I}', and
resort must again be had to kindrecNarietirs
*, n ? , ? ,
produced by seed. It is doubtful, however,
whether* the mttritime'distriefs of*-Carolina
are as well adapted to tho "raising of Aew
varieties *oT llie p da tec from scdd.'as thr
more northern States.* * The bulbs require
jo be .planted, for" one or two yehrs.beforo it
Is ascertained \?heilier:fhc variety jltus'-prodaced
Trom seed is worth'cukivafing. It is
- ? i ' _ .*
difficult on a'ccourd of the heat ona moisture
of our climate to preserve the polatpe from
roiling during summer and autumn." Hence,
We are irVnearly nil cases dependent on opr
northern-and mi Idle Siates for our planting
potatoes. It becomes, therefor'', a matter
of great importance to select such varieties
as are known to be well adapted to our climate.
I am inclined to think from my own
experience, and that of several planners on
the Neck,.that tho'silocWs of our po'atoe
crop-depends in no smfil] degree on the fend
of pO*atoc tvhich' \\o plant. On one occasion
I recollect having planted asnn experiment
in my garden, three khids- of potutoe
in alternate rows. * One vai i<;ly ^rodyced
an abundant crop of fine flavoured potatoes;
in another the product was orly moderate,
whilst- in the* third experienced almost a
total fuiluro. - .
At present l only feel warranted in rec.
ommending, from my own experience, one
variety of potutoe which I have seen planted
for tho lastseven ofeighf years wit!i,invariable
success. It" is" colled the Early Mercer
potatoe. It may bo distinguished by other
names in particular districts of*the North,
but I believe it is generally, known try thr
above name iivthe New York markets. L
is somewhtrt oblong in-shape,iflinlfe
ed fhe sides, y*;] 16 wish white,'and eyes of a
puik.hke colour. V The flavour, of tins po.
tatoe, which ! have had , an opportunity ol
testing within a few days past, appears tc
me t<vbe.eqnal to-tint of the finest varieties
ir> Europe. lis product is also .equal to thai
of any other country. - As the cost'nf tl>i<
is not greater t+mn that of.olher inferior var
ietiea. I s rtfnolv rccommcncf a* trial "of it, tc
/ A _ , P V
our planners.* At an ngr cn'tird meeting
in ?ugbr>d, jvllieh I utjendttd; therllopqlour
eurly, wfls pronounced the nSqst sifporioi
potatbe Cul ivfct^d 7n*-E'i?laQ(i, nnd.tooliilir
premium -.accdVdingly. Tie- u Slaflipc
Hall," or-as it is somef'riHj cidled* tt Latt
Wellington pp!nto?/' was ioun 1 supcrim* it
specific gfctvjty and quanruy of starch con
tjfinei in a given weight aftubnrSf. to on)
other variety yet cultivated." A bushel o
potdtoes called the 44 Irish.bumper/' weigh
ed from"thiVty to fifty ounces, each ttibci"
whilst six others of the Variety called 44 Pink
eyed dairy maid," itveraged six'y-cigh
ounces each. *. * ? .
The mode of culture does not/ddTer ma
terially Iron/that of ihis country, ejcccpt ilia
the rovvs are planted a I t.le nearer. The)
are in England in ail cases phia'aid in rows
and qro richly supplied, with coarse liiter oi
manure. In-France I found iho potntoe
crop~very much ru^hotrd". * The varieties
cultivated were in general eT inferior kinds
and the product was small. 1 did not visi
Italy, but vtfas informed tlmt jhq potatoe
was scaccely cultivated there at*ths time
its introduction havjngdjeen obstinately re
sisted till 1817. fn Germany potatoes were
I more abundant of l>elte*r fl ivoor than those
| of.F rnnce,-but inferior to those of England
In Belgiuin,.tojny grca't surprise, I?saw po.
[ tateji's planted in extensive fields offrom one
hundred lo five hundred irercfc in wliat maj
be termed broad-ens'. The lands, as in"a]
> ? * I -H .I 'U .. ...
.tliat.counLrypvere not piougueu uui oug UJ
vi ilh spades. Tlic sod is very rich ant
seemed to have also been well manured
Thd potatoes Had bytm fnserled into th<
ground to the depth ofsix inches, a fool apart
On the 30th-,Sepl. (winch pro-ved to he Sun
day,) the Flemish peasants were-digging it
their potatoes for I liter masters. , This wa
in the ficlJ:i befween Brussels ail 1 A ntwerp
I inauirvc! whether Khoy were nut allowed v
?
fd ET'l
W; ^ ?r
/ ^ ? A.
>,1840. .
i?p?
to be matured, i. e, of full growih, uod yet
pot so hard and firm as to cause injury in
separating irfrom -its parent. " Tik> stock
must peel freely, as this is necessary. for th*.
insertion of-the buJ, and indicates the presence
of what is termed the cambium, which
is tlie soft partially formed woody mat er
' <3 A3
f-/*r k R T
U - ' . '
WEDNESDAY, JULY *9
rest one dqy in the week. ' They answered
that they had gone to Mass earljf in. the
morning, and~were now allowed to gather
the potatoes T?r their winter supply, which,
they received at a certain price, and that
they never tasted meat from the beginning
to the end of the year. [ must needs say' <
that, although the terms were-hard, and the
fare course, the potatoes were gpod, and
no where saw a more abundant crop.. They-.
stated that They had gone through the fields once
with a4 hoe, afterwards pulled out the
j woods, nnd left the crop to manage for itself.
It seemed as i&he whole*earth was swelled 1
and cracked yp with pol^o?s.
In.our southern country the Irish potatoe
crop appears ro have been too much* negi
ted, which may, in somorespects, be ascrib*
j gd :o t)ft*trbuble of annually importing the
| roots. Tnis inconvenience is now in great
j measure remedied by the facilities .of comI
mprce and the cheapness of the article, it is
. a very certain, and geQerglly,tpi abundant (
crop.. It affords wholesome food bblh for}
4 man and beast.. .Iq <l>e northern States po^
tffloos ay6 boiled or steamed^and are es^en-".
' i in I'ingredients to the fattening of hogs and
htfrned catil v Tliey .may *be used on .n
plantation, nml in our laniflies# froio Aj>cl,
to July. They come in hboHt the tim* .
when our sweet potatoes are oh iho decline,and
niav tn; usedjilhthe new crop of the
aHer! c;ins to to no in. Th ?t this nott
ishing food *w ho-cUn doubt after seeing I ??
hardy race of Jrelund, wboeo pcifteijJal sub.,
sistence is oi> the p.ntatoc. *flis rpiggocs to
pajr his44 raU,"l3ut'Jiu?> pirates" feed him
self, bis children," and bis pig.; ? * * \
?*?v- *?~ '*
Frota the Cultivator. *
" . budwNG,.
The* effort of propagating choice fruit,
about n farin??r*a? premises is,-"figurativelyto
grow the rosg where only.* grew the thorns
jjrul IiH^rrilly,; to provide fdr ortes- family,
ami friends,sruge-pfthp choicest luxtrrje
of life; and theie luxuries far;surpass those
of a Jke kmd'wbicb are l,p'Qrclias'd witb
mo hey fbeca us* upou, one's- own trees, they,
rmiy be pefmiited io attain their higlfest.per"feciibn,"
*ancf because ihey are rendered
j-metre endearing fry Hie personal care and
labor which we bestow on their culture.
Budding- has several advantages over |
\ grafting. ' It -is more readdy performed,
.with fewer instrumentsjess preparation, and"
whIi greater success, it docs not injure the
s:oek if unsuccessful, and the operation
may be twice or thrice repeated the same
year, as the -season for its perperforma
needs protracted, for some one or
| other of the varieties, for some three months.
A Ithough July and August cons itute the
I ordinary season for budding, ilto plum and .
the cherry may often be budded in the latter
part of June, and the peach, aprreot and
nectarine -as late as tjm middle? ol
^September. Yontji may. readily acquire*'
the urt,*by a |i lie. practice,.undpr the directions
we are about to give; and wc know o
-young lady who is an adept in it, and who
practices it annually as a pleasant recreation,
is &eIUas*a useful labor. We haveofter-been*
treated with - delicious .peaches
produced from th<3* buds which she- had in
! serted.- ' . ; * . " * '
1 I %
The ft* st consideration i* to* provide
stalks, ifihisprovision have not already.boon
Ipmade. Seeds may ho collected. the coming
season^in almost every f^ru'ly, . Ttiose.
i of sforte fruit niay he- mixed with earth, or
! deposi ed in a hole in t|ie garden, and in the
fttUtHnn buried superficially in thb earth, to.
expose them tcfjlie expanding, influence, of
the frost; an;J in the spring tfiqso.of the
< peRch mid plum jhatjiave.not bursHhesheh ,
should uo crocked, andilje wjmle 'sown in
v a well pr< pared acecWied. The cherries
may b.? sown immediately after they are
taken from the fruity and8 the apple, p$ar-'
V and qtirnte eitfler in autumn Of -springl-M
' All (lie kinds will generally grow fhe.fifst
.! season. I f transplanted' in June/nn'd .well
treated die pouch will'dp to bod in Sepicm."
I , b' r following and the o'hers in two and
1 three years, if" put info nursery
' | rnjvs tiiree O et npa.rl and"a foot distant in
I the rows; "and well taken card of. The
<* '
/same ruJosnppnes 10 [mutts us aw uiuum?.
P the belter condition they are kept in while
; young, the morp profitable they willbeco'me
' ;it maturity. Thus Iwo'or- three roods of'
i ground w II suffice a farrriyr. for a-misery <?f
| choice fruit, from which he may replenish
j his orchard and his garden ut pleasure, and
1 readily appropriate to his use every new
| ' variety which comes under his observation.
I No one will regret the trifling labor and
j attention, which he has bestowed upon-a
' ; little plantation of this kind, after he has .
[ | began to realize the fruits of it. Ornnmen. 1
' | tnl shrubs and trees, to embellish the
* ! grounds about "his buifdings,.mny he addpd
' without cost, and with trifling lubor.
A-bud is an organized plant in embryo,,
with roots branches and fojinge, and like a
' seed, possess individual vitality, capable of
1 development .and the reproduction of its |
* species. The process'of buddmg is me
transferring tips embryo plant from its'phr
' .rent lcec-to another tree, which must'at leas!
* he of the same genus, if not the same spe-.
cirs?, The epricol and nectarine may br?
"j anil generally are budded upon the pe^ch; |
1 the plum nnd the prpch are -budde'd on-each
j other, and thojaear and apple-may be worked
on the wild crab and hawthorn?and the j
'n .former is put on tlie -'quince to produce
dwarf trees. ,To render the transfer or'
budding suecesful,'.three things are requis)
ite: 1.That the bud hie in a proper condiLtion
to transfer,-2; that the stalk be in fcon.
dition to rcceivo-'nrid-nourish it; 3, .that the
' I 'runsfey he-skillfuHv made. The bud ought
which underlays the bark, wrhich will ripen
into indurated' vyoatf~is fh? source of nourishment
to Are.bud, and the bftnd of union'
between-if ai)d t'uo stocdc. Tim operator
m'ujt.use precaution ih'ut be injures neither,
th<f bud," thd bark nor thq^crimbiurnt ns these,
all exercise important offices fit effecting
the ul^ion; and he must wltbnl take care to
apply his Ugaures properly. It-w ll be.
seen; from these remarks, that both -the.
Stock and tliegraft should be in a state of
active growth, and tjg? r4Urc yigorotrs the
better, when the budding^frocess is performed.
. It is also preferable to bud when
thd-weather is cloudy bet not wet. Twigs
for budding may *be preserved for many
days with cure. They should be imme-diajely
divested of their leayes, but notwhbHy
of their leaf-stocks or pptioles, tl>
prevent theexhaustion of moisture and may4
then be wrttppe j in fresh gr- s:? Wet cloths,?
or wirh tlteir but*ends pVuservecf in mobi
turn. - #v .
w The only implement necessary is a hud
ding'knife nn I the only preparation some,
b?*i matting, or the inner burk of the baSs'v
wood or linden*
Prof. Tu.oufn enumerates twentv species
or varieties.of grafting, jnosi of which areonly
practiced by amateurs arid prfessionaf
gardeners.- We shall dgscrtbo- orTly. tla>
common jjiocle,; which is in general prac:
ticed jh. nur&rjes. We t;fke- it front the
Entyclripqdfa of^ardening.* *,
"IS hie Id-budding', orT budding, is thu^,
porfbrrtied:?rFi:^ ofl a smooth part of the
side of the stock, rather from than towards
the sun, and of a height depending,# ns irv
grafting,on whether dwarft. half, ?r whole*
standard ireerf are desired'; then, with-(he
budding knifirymrike ir horizontal cut across
tl;e rind, quite through the frrm-vvood; from
the middle of this .transverse.cijl make a'
jilit dowht-wtrrd, perpendicularly, an inch or
-more long; poingr also, quite tl?rough tolhe."
wty>d. Vbts done, proceed- with all expedition
to tajce off a bud; holding the cutting,
' - r > . - i ...sl .u?
or scion, in one nnnu, *vun me unei\^.->? ?r,,u
outward, and wijh the knifo hi the other
hand, enter it about half an inch or more
belovy a bud. cutting nearly "half way into
the wood of the shool, continuing it with.one
clear sianiing cut, about fin If an inch or
more above the bud, so deep as to take n
part of the wood along with it, the whole
juJioiit an inch and n half long; then directly
^rifh'tbe thumb-and finger, or point of the
knife clip.offjhe woody part remaining to
the bub; which done, observe whether the
eyo or germ of tjie bud remains perfect; If
not, and a little hole disappear* in tlm! part,
tjs improper, or as gardeners express it,
the bud has* lost its root, and another- must
be prepared. Tfiis'don'V placing tfi<3 back
part of tho bud or shield between your lips,
expeditiously with the "flat, ha ft of the knife
Separate tl hback'of-llje stock on each side
of the perpendicular cut, clear to tho wood,
for ihe -admission of the bud, which" dirc?ci1y
?dipr down, closd between the wood and
bwk to the bottom *of the slit. The nexi
^operation. is to cut off tb? top part of the
shield ev^n with the horizontal first made
cuf,r in'order to let It completely into its
place and to join exactly, the upper edge of
the shield with the transverse cut, tlrot the
descending sap-may immediately enter .'the
back of the shi< Id, and protrude granulated
nmfin, linitt/pAn 'if and the wood so as to
..effect a living-tin'on. The parts are now
to he immediately bound round with a ligament
of firesK bass, previously, soaked in
waior, so plipble und tough, begginnmg a
bttte Ix-low the bottom of the perpendicular
slit, proceeding npw^rl closelyround
every'p. t cjfeept just roun I the eye of the
bud, andconinue it a litilo above the jfori.
Gonial cur,.not too tight, but just sufficient
lo-kcep-tho whole close, and exclude the atr
sun and wot. ** ?
< Future Treatnent.?In n' fortnight ,n!
farihcsf after budding, such as.have ad*,
hered may be known by tltcir fresh appe ?r.
ance at the eye; and in three weeks all
those which have succeeded well will bq
firmjy united with the s'ock, and the parts
b?ing somewhat swelled in some spec es,
tlur bandage must be loosened, and a week
or.twq nfterwards finally removed. The
shield jinil bud now swell in common, wirh
the oilier parts of the stock, and nothing
more requires to be done till spring, when,
just before the rising of the sap, they are to
be headed down closp to tr.e bud, by an oblique
cut, terminating about an eighth on
quarter of an inch above the shield. In
some cqses, however, as in grafing* u few
inches of the stalk is left for the first sea.
?nn nnrlihi* vntinrc shoot lied to it for Dro
?W.., . J e ?- ? ?
tection from the winds.
THE DIFFERENCE IN COWS. ..
I % B?
. Mr/ Holmes:?The difference between a
good cow and n pooi* one is undoubtedly
greater than some p"oplenre upttonnruigine:
To bo any thing iike minutely correct hi
r a^certrrin nj* the sum diflerence.it might
perhaps be necessary to keep an account,"
iwith two cflws," like kept, like treated, in all
| respects, the one a good the other, a poor
oow. Cut in the calculation [.am about to
iD 'k?? nothing lkoexperiinent.il acewratfc1
nessis presumed"Uporvdtbriugh U is believed
Mo be correct from the premises laid down
! which are supposed to be acknowledged
| i'acts. Wc will suppose then, a good cow
I to give daily, oi; an ?tvjrriig,,) 12 quarts ol
iwn
- ? . ' <
????
NUJVIBfiR 37.
. m^k f<ir-10 months of the year,- Sudrji
cow, perhaps by* some, mighi*b<> termed an .
extraordinarily good one. Valuing her q^ljc
at 2cts. pfr quart, it amounts to$7$#6.~-?
On the o'her lfund> supp^so another cow
wiih the same quality -anc^quantity of. feed,
* -*?* * * . 1 _ _*_V * *
gives Dur 4 qots. per oay. on an overage
through t ?? same term of tin*?, and .there
-are some -that do not overage more.- Tfew
we'calfa poor cow. Rating tfie'milfc
-the other It amounts to $24,3?;' maltipg-fhe . difference
of annual incomo $43,02.
lowing the yearly cost 6f h cow s keeping
to be- $$0, gives a net balance' of 42. $6 Ju
favpr of the good cow.. This difference
may be materially increased or leasetflw*
accordingly, us th? value.of the milk, or the
co^of keejhpg, shall -be varied^ made more
'or tess. * The above, however, is believed
to Ms about right with the existing state of .
things here( West Sidney.) And it is jap*
posed lo be sufficient to show'any reason,
ing, ciilcnluiiog coto keeper tbnt it must be a
downhill bus nessjt'o be stock'd with, **lpan
mi k giving Ifine"?a real mofh^eafer foprofit
and gain.* Ye*,* I suppose thcrd-.iifo
farmers who will stilbkcep?as tbey always
have done?'poor cows; will |pil and sweat
or\,to got "ihe wherewith" to feed them,' and
ro grow poorer by the-bOslnnss. Well,'jet
them do.u, if they wil],2)litbri assured^goch
we confidently believe ere Ihng,* SSrli
thcrrraelVfe^, ifgiot* alcrsdy ihert^ in the
back-grounds of poverty, in the actual Iw***
Itfnd.s of misery and want* They wiH rfced
tp go to Texas tb mend tiicir condition*?"
Nqw, ti Hide observation-*With little
much learning as may'lpipAed to be ffiwoftsa
with individuals cob nee with a /'goAt
head',' Jeterminolioqjo grow wiser, and. belter"
pff, will inend the .condition of Oft*
in this "SnatJer, ev?h*jf he JisB ''Mtqy
*eas\.in the State ?f.M.ufne,",r Exactly tK>f
depend upon it.
, 0l>^ervef4lT?lh die following marks off
* rrnn J row. and os soon as may be.' orovt
rT? . \ " ~ " 7 ~ ' ? . #v -
ihotn by inquiry, Observation and.lruu.?
Tt>e rparks as we have cooned them are
' these; I'iPndt correct we beg to be coiree*
ted ] JVads; broald forehead; black eyes;
large and deep belly; thick quarters; short
joints and large fceti R6<J or white (with
a'ye low side) cows".ire supposed to giro
die richest milk.. Lef
farmers think upon this subject and
"endeavor fo improve'in-the/matter; so as to
double the present income of cow.fceeping,
which wcy should not think, if it were done?
a. very extraordinary stretch ef improvement*
taking ?ows in this vicinity, as a sans*
pic?and w**dc?ow not'but they will compare
widi cows generally in Kennebec.?
Agarn, we say, let improvements go on.
< ; " fl. f. vr.
West Sidney, June, 1$40.
From Stfthrt* S&fab Economy.
* ARTICLES USED IN FOOD/FOR .HOUSES.
4 Kinds'of Food.?In-this country horses
ar?Jcd upon* oats, any, gra?s, ana foots.
Many, people talk as if they could be fed
on nothing else. Butin other pnrla of the
wo/11, where the.productions of the soil are
different, tl^-food #f thp horse is different.
" hi spn)? jterile countries, they aTe forced
to subsist on dr.ecl fish, and ev.en on Yegeta.
bre mould ; in Arabia, on milk, fl&Ji bulls,
-eggs', Jbrot h, <$6C. Ln 1 dXJin. horaps ere var"ibusly.h'd.
The naiivei^asses (wqjudged
very nutritious.- F?-w, perhaps tx> oAts are
grown i- bu/b-y is /are,, and -not. commonly
grycn lo horse*. In D. ng;W,n vetch. Something
Idee the Jure; is use I. , .On live western
dde c*f lndia> a jsort ,of pigeon p u, called
gram (tier ari'tinum,) . formd* the or*
dinary food, with grass ivhjle irvs&Mon, and
hay nil the -year round;> lndi*h.cbrtf or
rice is seldom given.^ the West Indies,
maize, Gyinen. Com, s(ig.,irwcane.tops, and
som' times molasses ore* given..* in. the
Mnbratta country, salt, pepper, and other
spices, are made mH> bnlls, wjth flower ***
butter, and these are supposed- to produce
anionstion, and to fine- the coaL firoth,
made from sheep's-head. is'soawtjmelgtvetC
In France, Spain, and Italy,, besides the
.leaves of 'iift-s, yiiws, the-tof s.pf depcisj
ofithe cnrabJrec-, urn given to horses.1'*" k .
Tho articles upon which*hocs*a or? led
in ill's country are uslially afrangwd* tft i
three classes. That which possess^t the
least rfhtriment, in proportion tor it*bulk. *?
termed fodder, and consists .of gmsv haj,
and Straw; that which possesses lh? oupt
nutriment, in proportion to us.bulk, if termed
corn. This word is-often used fa if jt
belonged exclusively* to oats j Jbuf it is a
general name for ajl,the kinds of grtin and
pulse npon .wJrich horses lire Jed. . In this
work it isvused only in ir* "general* sense..
r? L and nnlafrtflt
XXOOfS| SUCH tts uni i iiiif iui tii^j&p uiim
form the third kind oA food. In n Jatioo <f>.
their "bulk, they huve les# nutriment than
corn, arid more [torn fodder. I?db. no? think
this classification is of nny use, and here it
will not be regarded, but it is well to knotr
the meaning usually attached to the terms,
Grken Herbage.?There aro, several
kinds, of green, moat,- but the individual prk, #
peuics of each are so little krTown, that
much cannet be sjtid about tht'm.
Gras^is ihe natural food of .horses. it
is provided- fijr him without-the interference
of art. ' It i*cnoiposed of a great, oumber
of plants, differing much or little frdrtfeseh
i other in structure, comooehion, and duration.
Sorrie of the naturij grasses are to the horse
mere weeds. destitute of nntrimentl*(hoogh
not positively injurious.. Several are rejve.
ted, or .oaten only when there is nothing
else to caj, and none are sufficiently ricji tu
maintain thydiowqin corvTition for constant
Work, even though the work be moderate,
'Louden*-' Enc. of Agrie.. p 100-1* *