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What Root Crop yields the most1 To. this inquiry, which is frequently niacin, we can give no definite answer. In a good soil well cultivntedf sugarbe^.-ts, mangle wurJ7.el, fihrsiiios.cabbajjB turnip, ruta bagn, j V"M w'"?l f i>oJ some other turnips usually. produce great crops; in some cases -the yield' has hem stated so great that it seemed almost (.credible. Cut we'h^ve many cases ^ from unquestionable.niirlmrijy iq.w'iich the crop has been from. 1000 io 1^00 bushels to the acre. . Potatoes and the small, lale'tur nip* generally yield much I-ss thyn d* kinds we have above homed: on'this* ?c' * ' . count .t is ganerally though) hy farmers who huvo exp-riencc in thoigenpraf culture of roots, tln\? potatoes, though i^goad root for stock, are hot so profitable to raise for that purpose as ot her coqt<V 'he expense *of -euftrvatinu is neujIy-aS much, whikihe yield is usually rnneh loss. . . Comparative expense of cultivating Jloot'f. T'*ose roots tliot gro\y in a short time, dun bo raised with the least expense, otb'fi circumstances being equal Cor iheir rapid growth soon braigiuUem* forward so tlitrt tit weeding can be dorib vvdiilo the earth loose from the" r-eertt ploughing, "and the weeds have made but litileprogross; and a** the full growth is completed in .1 short Hme firom A>wing,a less number cf liopings'is yru. jvceswry. Yhotiuiip culture willevofjioltla (uromioem rank in our systuhi ofHusbandry, # '* ? "i # -on account of its rapid growth, whch wimits of.late sowing, and in many eas*s rc-' qjj.red but little expcnce in weeding; but in most chSl'& those kitic/s which grow nrpiiy arid save expense in wcding, do not prodace so he ivy crops as those which ore. of liiwr growth. Tho farmer of en finds an advantage in late sowing, as he may not bc^prepared to. attend to this business early and If he have his. hind weH prepared-, he can plough, h arrow, or othiwi?e stir "the earl!) frequently an 1 destroy tho weeds before* solving, and render it more mellow and proditpfiye^ and in seme cases he can get a faio ^jtfrop frona a piece of laud that Ihis produced a crop early in the season. * "A crop of clover or winter grain, green peas, enYiy potatoes, or o h?-r crop may be tukuri.off in sdasonfor a ^ bite crop of turnsps. As carrots n-ed to stand much nearer than turni, s or be t 4 they require alii.Je more care iu first hoeingunnd 011 this, aft >rr? n little'moro. eJOensive in their | VWWII t a* W ?, ...... f culture* but ns they s'and'ncnr together on account of their Tops being small, they mriy be mTuJe to yield a large crop of roors, by taking advantage or thh? peculiar property and arranging litem as near as they will grow. ' ?. - . . When the soil is-nol very loose itnJn.cllow it may bo prop.tn d-witrt less expanse for turnips - than it can lor taproo.t'd plants. * TYkut roots aj-e best Foal Co? Slock1 For so.ne purposes and some qnjdi.iJs n preference should be given to particular roots* though^ a fanner that has /Hflbynt k mds of roots, that he can cultivate con' venhawly, profuable for some pttrJjbSf**. Turnips arc excellent for beef and hrtuttonw nod they are excellent food -for cat lo and shoep promoting their health and growth, nitdthough they cause an increased quantity of-rnilk when fed to milch cows, and by the free use of salt the unpleasant taste of the turnip may be prevented, yet .'he mi k nod bu^oi^ does nor have that richness, fine flavor, and boauttfuJ color wh chf' i + produced by the sugar, beet and the car. tot. \ Tueru'a baga, and those other turnips that resemble, it in color and hardness,ure doubtless the most nu ricious. The cabbage furn. ip resembles, it in taste,*and appearance, the inside or pith of u cabbage stump, and from its peculi if taste its's rhnch aci mired by fcatt e. As it is entirely free from the strong turnip flavor,-we think that it must produce nailk and cream x)fexcellent quality. V\re have fed milch cows liberally on them ?nd the milk was of the very best quality. Turnips are not "much used as fuo<J for horses and."hog? being considered inferior to other roots to? those purposes. A few. years since most farmers in this country on first giving their uttemion to root culture, cultivated the turnip almo.; t exclussvly, but lately the sugar beet nnd carrot are receivr ing particular attention. The manglo wurtzel is very" productive, and excellent food for stock, and*until tfie introduction of tl:o sugar beet, it was lho most cultivated of any root next to the tur^ nip. The sugar beet is consideied about as productive as the mangle wurtzil, and rather superior** food for stock on-account ol the hrger portion of saccharine inatlw/The ARM . I .V /> Cfl k . # ' . , .* ?CHERA cult.vation of. I his roofis now becomingt*, j, lensivfc,. Besides the producjion of food for stock,-many have in view me rmmuiae-L tore of beet-sugar. In 'case any 'manufactories shoulJ be established and put into successful operation, these beets will be in tlemand; and should there bo po "call for this purpose, they are one of the very best root crops that a farmer can grow.? Tuero is no crop more sure or productive, and they can be kept in good condition U1 lute in the spring. * t N . . As some farmers have lately given it as their opinion that sugar beets would not retain their good quality in the spring we made particular inquiry a few days since of ! I a farmer who raises largo quantities, and he observed that his was then in fine condition, and he was feeding them to his cows, wfieh rtv* iinothb cipllur withr.o oujercare to pfascrve ' ! them. / - * Sugar beets is a valuable food far all kind* of stock and f t the various purposce of producing good l?eef, mutton and pork, an abundance of ridh and palatable m'lF, und a gotJdand healthy growth of animals; Comhinhtgso mianv advantages in-so gre< t . , .. * ' - t . ? . .? I a degreent is coming mto very extensive cul;ivatiorf,'and will doqbtless be generally ^r^rred, or receive the most attention iif root culture; and it-'wi-lf deserves all ihe-ut: Jl tea1'Ofi thaidt has or will recetye^" ' The carrot has not byen: cultivated so imjchMp* it should be; its merits arty becom.'? ma known, find it wjlbsoon "be cultivated to. a A W? i - grt.'ater extent. It yields, a very large crop Vith a-gomi soil and culture, keeps well, and for all the pnrposeaof fattening animals, promoting their growth* and produc;ng?rich mr!k, they r^nk \vilb the best of roots.? I'ltey are excellent'food for h'nrsfs,. Hnd vh< n they, are at" work, carrots may be;1, used mostly for-fond Histeadof ?rain,va very ??mal^qtiar.tuy pftbu, latter will suffl-e.?* * Toeyape good food fo'r hog^, either raw or crtok?>d, though ir> the latter sta^o flify ace prefera t>le.??anket Fdrmer. m r 1 Bee AToth.-Cover the'floor on Which the' hives anr's "with common earth about an inch '' JhiQk.' A hive set n?.edttTp\yOI . nb*>Br.beutTested with* worms, for the bee moth will not deposite heregca where the earth will come in contact. She naturally n?orts to a dry board as. her element. * The remedy has been employed by a number of persons jo this vicipity for keveraf^yeors with the most complete success.?Orchardist, A NEW LAMP. Dr. Urt), the celebrated .chcraigf, lias lately, ascertained by a course of experi. ments, the relative economy of lamps and c indies. .A new Jump, cilhil; Parker's hot oik lump, is found tu give tlje greatest inten. i sky of l'g(4 will*a given expense. \N?xt j iirordi:r como other lamps ot various coosiructifyis. The dearesbof all methods of illumination is tktf of using sp'frinnceti or : wax. candles* Six cents.worth of ofl,?ht. Teriuess* piicwa. in'tb^ hot oil Unrp, or T2 , cent's, worth jd the .comon lamp, gving as much fight as h pound of ;spern^?ce!i can' dh s.r-Tvvo can l}es-give out as much carbonic acid into the air ofu'rooo) as one rrfon.?1'Southern Cldt. < \ [ . ' = , 1 , ! From tlio Southern Cabinet. NOTION EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE, BV A CHA R LKST0XIA X. 4 V - ^ . \.,9 * ' . NUMBER .SIX. . / '.' TIfE R09T CROP. - . >v The -doctrine of?he necessity of n dotation of 'crops, has boon graduttHy gaih ng on ther* ?. 1 -----1-1 ^ P L. i^juds nt ilie tSHropean-ogric*n<uris s tor ine lust -fifty.yc^ifSr but like all other innovationsmi the old system, i:s progress * was- very stpw, till withm tho4as; feir years. For a long ttpie it -was thought qeCcsjnrJno suffer'thc-blnd. so-rest every fourth yea F--jco rise * irjwnfly, unKr.t he-most- fa vouch blc.circirm.* stances, cmly'thr^p-foutfhd'df the land, was ' pt any rimo^inder cultivhtioii. In* prppestf of time it way discovered that tbefoot efop, ! such as ptfratoesi turnips, rata bbga, carrots, I v5cc., nearly all of wlfch were gathered *beJ fore their seeds were matured, were I ss exhausting to the-Iand than the cereal grains;'; that the turnip crop, especially, extracted-! much of i;& nutriment ffam the atmosphere. Its abroad, porous leaves, whiblvare the lungs j of the plant, serving, dl the samo tinjo-to shade the* earth.and mellow the soil. Dy substituting these a year was gained, and , tints the Inqd produced un annual" hardest j ciilu-r of Ji?y4 grain, ot roots. . . ' * ! The greatest improvement' within the "fast thirty >e ?rs in the husbandry oC a . portion Furppvin which we pnay include Great* Britain; Holland, Belgium, P-fussjn, Saxony, j Wirtomburg, and Badeo, may be traced to J the cultivation of the root crop, particularly ; ?'u? fnrnin ~Bv this means the sheep and'; ...... -J horned callle Imve doubled iivnumber. - and . the improvement ia the stock are neaily in the same ratio,. ^ Irish PolutOcs -r^Solanum tuberosum*) The varieties-oTIrish potatoo-culiivated in E irope"aro Immense. d observed in an Englishcatalogue onehondrt d and r -ty?si.\ kinds advertised- for salt v? and thjfcro was an omission of at least fif'y varieties cultivated in America and on the continent of Europe.' it should be observed, that in Europe as wel hs in America there are kinds of the potato? adapted to" every variety of soil and.climate. There nre particular districts in England j where the soil-is very favourable to one or two varieties, and whoItyuftsuited;?o* others I wImcH slit coed well in otli't.loeahiies. In Enjl ind the Irish potatoes are divided iirto r E R Jl W J. . ' S*-. ?^narn^u-i HI . njuamiaMupiM! W,. SOUTH-GA110 LIN A, srjf nnd sometunQs seven .'dosses. 1st. Earliest garden sort? trdapied^brjorcing on account of their dwarf bahft of growth. 2nd. Earliest.-garden potatoes not so well adapted for forcing as the preceding on account of their tajfer habit of growth. 3rd. Second early garden potatoes. 4. Early field-potatoes, the leaves and stems of which, under ordinary circumsta'nces, are decreed by the time when they are-usually taken'up, and'the tubers ofwlilch are then fit for use. Class 5 !i. Lute field potatoes, the foliage of which in ordinary seusons* does nQt dfecay until injured by frost,-and the tubers of which generally require to ho kept some * ? - t?fit fi/M* notn r? to t lio rrrfiflt. ?iiue ueiur? wumj; in iui u^ni^ iw ...^ est advantage. 6th. Late, larg?>, prolific sorts, moro particularly adapted lor feeding cattle. . 7. Late, unprol flfc, cufious garden -it * -*** All these varieties of die pa'a'oo have o~ figinated from the snjne stock, and h\ve been produce^ not from'the pntnloe 1 self buf frpm the seeds growing on 4the'vines planted in tno vicinity ofotlvr^afieties. < It is.well knpwn that the potatoes 4x?ing g mep: shoofor offset fron\ the original plant, will lijce an engrafting o'n a tree, always re.produce its own kind../ If is ajsri ascen^'nedi thfft vegetables, planted'from bpjbs,' will* if) the. course-of time, becrmieMess proifb than formerly, and tfyit resort mii^l a^aurbe'Jiad tp seeds to produce new* varieties. Thus, many varieties.hi .Europe whi(h were formerly much cultivated, and our red potgioe and English "whirosr-wJi1cji in Atnijrtea were once so highly prlfced, have had their day, arnd have given way to other sorts raispd from sfeeds.* >h is the same in .regaid fo faults. Our* - Spilzeuhergers, <Groenipg?, Pippins, and Other tipples of life North, after successive generations ol. engrafting *V not now bear as' abundantly as'former I}', and resort must again be had to kindrecNarietirs *, n ? , ? , produced by seed. It is doubtful, however, whether* the mttritime'distriefs of*-Carolina are as well adapted to tho "raising of Aew varieties *oT llie p da tec from scdd.'as thr more northern States.* * The bulbs require jo be .planted, for" one or two yehrs.beforo it Is ascertained \?heilier:fhc variety jltus'-prodaced Trom seed is worth'cukivafing. It is - ? i ' _ .* difficult on a'ccourd of the heat ona moisture of our climate to preserve the polatpe from roiling during summer and autumn." Hence, We are irVnearly nil cases dependent on opr northern-and mi Idle Siates for our planting potatoes. It becomes, therefor'', a matter of great importance to select such varieties as are known to be well adapted to our climate. I am inclined to think from my own experience, and that of several planners on the Neck,.that tho'silocWs of our po'atoe crop-depends in no smfil] degree on the fend of pO*atoc tvhich' \\o plant. On one occasion I recollect having planted asnn experiment in my garden, three khids- of potutoe in alternate rows. * One vai i<;ly ^rodyced an abundant crop of fine flavoured potatoes; in another the product was orly moderate, whilst- in the* third experienced almost a total fuiluro. - . At present l only feel warranted in rec. ommending, from my own experience, one variety of potutoe which I have seen planted for tho lastseven ofeighf years wit!i,invariable success. It" is" colled the Early Mercer potatoe. It may bo distinguished by other names in particular districts of*the North, but I believe it is generally, known try thr above name iivthe New York markets. L is somewhtrt oblong in-shape,iflinlfe ed fhe sides, y*;] 16 wish white,'and eyes of a puik.hke colour. V The flavour, of tins po. tatoe, which ! have had , an opportunity ol testing within a few days past, appears tc me t<vbe.eqnal to-tint of the finest varieties ir> Europe. lis product is also .equal to thai of any other country. - As the cost'nf tl>i< is not greater t+mn that of.olher inferior var ietiea. I s rtfnolv rccommcncf a* trial "of it, tc / A _ , P V our planners.* At an ngr cn'tird meeting in ?ugbr>d, jvllieh I utjendttd; therllopqlour eurly, wfls pronounced the nSqst sifporioi potatbe Cul ivfct^d 7n*-E'i?laQ(i, nnd.tooliilir premium -.accdVdingly. Tie- u Slaflipc Hall," or-as it is somef'riHj cidled* tt Latt Wellington pp!nto?/' was ioun 1 supcrim* it specific gfctvjty and quanruy of starch con tjfinei in a given weight aftubnrSf. to on) other variety yet cultivated." A bushel o potdtoes called the 44 Irish.bumper/' weigh ed from"thiVty to fifty ounces, each ttibci" whilst six others of the Variety called 44 Pink eyed dairy maid," itveraged six'y-cigh ounces each. *. * ? . The mode of culture does not/ddTer ma terially Iron/that of ihis country, ejcccpt ilia the rovvs are planted a I t.le nearer. The) are in England in ail cases phia'aid in rows and qro richly supplied, with coarse liiter oi manure. In-France I found iho potntoe crop~very much ru^hotrd". * The varieties cultivated were in general eT inferior kinds and the product was small. 1 did not visi Italy, but vtfas informed tlmt jhq potatoe was scaccely cultivated there at*ths time its introduction havjngdjeen obstinately re sisted till 1817. fn Germany potatoes were I more abundant of l>elte*r fl ivoor than those | of.F rnnce,-but inferior to those of England In Belgiuin,.tojny grca't surprise, I?saw po. [ tateji's planted in extensive fields offrom one hundred lo five hundred irercfc in wliat maj be termed broad-ens'. The lands, as in"a] > ? * I -H .I 'U .. ... .tliat.counLrypvere not piougueu uui oug UJ vi ilh spades. Tlic sod is very rich ant seemed to have also been well manured Thd potatoes Had bytm fnserled into th< ground to the depth ofsix inches, a fool apart On the 30th-,Sepl. (winch pro-ved to he Sun day,) the Flemish peasants were-digging it their potatoes for I liter masters. , This wa in the ficlJ:i befween Brussels ail 1 A ntwerp I inauirvc! whether Khoy were nut allowed v ? fd ET'l W; ^ ?r / ^ ? A. >,1840. . i?p? to be matured, i. e, of full growih, uod yet pot so hard and firm as to cause injury in separating irfrom -its parent. " Tik> stock must peel freely, as this is necessary. for th*. insertion of-the buJ, and indicates the presence of what is termed the cambium, which is tlie soft partially formed woody mat er ' <3 A3 f-/*r k R T U - ' . ' WEDNESDAY, JULY *9 rest one dqy in the week. ' They answered that they had gone to Mass earljf in. the morning, and~were now allowed to gather the potatoes T?r their winter supply, which, they received at a certain price, and that they never tasted meat from the beginning to the end of the year. [ must needs say' < that, although the terms were-hard, and the fare course, the potatoes were gpod, and no where saw a more abundant crop.. They-. stated that They had gone through the fields once with a4 hoe, afterwards pulled out the j woods, nnd left the crop to manage for itself. It seemed as i&he whole*earth was swelled 1 and cracked yp with pol^o?s. In.our southern country the Irish potatoe crop appears ro have been too much* negi ted, which may, in somorespects, be ascrib* j gd :o t)ft*trbuble of annually importing the | roots. Tnis inconvenience is now in great j measure remedied by the facilities .of comI mprce and the cheapness of the article, it is . a very certain, and geQerglly,tpi abundant ( crop.. It affords wholesome food bblh for} 4 man and beast.. .Iq <l>e northern States po^ tffloos ay6 boiled or steamed^and are es^en-". ' i in I'ingredients to the fattening of hogs and htfrned catil v Tliey .may *be used on .n plantation, nml in our laniflies# froio Aj>cl, to July. They come in hboHt the tim* . when our sweet potatoes are oh iho decline,and niav tn; usedjilhthe new crop of the aHer! c;ins to to no in. Th ?t this nott ishing food *w ho-cUn doubt after seeing I ?? hardy race of Jrelund, wboeo pcifteijJal sub., sistence is oi> the p.ntatoc. *flis rpiggocs to pajr his44 raU,"l3ut'Jiu?> pirates" feed him self, bis children," and bis pig.; ? * * \ ?*?v- *?~ '* Frota the Cultivator. * " . budwNG,. The* effort of propagating choice fruit, about n farin??r*a? premises is,-"figurativelyto grow the rosg where only.* grew the thorns jjrul IiH^rrilly,; to provide fdr ortes- family, ami friends,sruge-pfthp choicest luxtrrje of life; and theie luxuries far;surpass those of a Jke kmd'wbicb are l,p'Qrclias'd witb mo hey fbeca us* upou, one's- own trees, they, rmiy be pefmiited io attain their higlfest.per"feciibn," *ancf because ihey are rendered j-metre endearing fry Hie personal care and labor which we bestow on their culture. Budding- has several advantages over | \ grafting. ' It -is more readdy performed, .with fewer instrumentsjess preparation, and" whIi greater success, it docs not injure the s:oek if unsuccessful, and the operation may be twice or thrice repeated the same year, as the -season for its perperforma needs protracted, for some one or | other of the varieties, for some three months. A Ithough July and August cons itute the I ordinary season for budding, ilto plum and . the cherry may often be budded in the latter part of June, and the peach, aprreot and nectarine -as late as tjm middle? ol ^September. Yontji may. readily acquire*' the urt,*by a |i lie. practice,.undpr the directions we are about to give; and wc know o -young lady who is an adept in it, and who practices it annually as a pleasant recreation, is &eIUas*a useful labor. We haveofter-been* treated with - delicious .peaches produced from th<3* buds which she- had in ! serted.- ' . ; * . " * ' 1 I % The ft* st consideration i* to* provide stalks, ifihisprovision have not already.boon Ipmade. Seeds may ho collected. the coming season^in almost every f^ru'ly, . Ttiose. i of sforte fruit niay he- mixed with earth, or ! deposi ed in a hole in t|ie garden, and in the fttUtHnn buried superficially in thb earth, to. expose them tcfjlie expanding, influence, of the frost; an;J in the spring tfiqso.of the < peRch mid plum jhatjiave.not bursHhesheh , should uo crocked, andilje wjmle 'sown in v a well pr< pared acecWied. The cherries may b.? sown immediately after they are taken from the fruity and8 the apple, p$ar-' V and qtirnte eitfler in autumn Of -springl-M ' All (lie kinds will generally grow fhe.fifst .! season. I f transplanted' in June/nn'd .well treated die pouch will'dp to bod in Sepicm." I , b' r following and the o'hers in two and 1 three years, if" put info nursery ' | rnjvs tiiree O et npa.rl and"a foot distant in I the rows; "and well taken card of. The <* ' /same ruJosnppnes 10 [mutts us aw uiuum?. P the belter condition they are kept in while ; young, the morp profitable they willbeco'me ' ;it maturity. Thus Iwo'or- three roods of' i ground w II suffice a farrriyr. for a-misery <?f | choice fruit, from which he may replenish j his orchard and his garden ut pleasure, and 1 readily appropriate to his use every new | ' variety which comes under his observation. I No one will regret the trifling labor and j attention, which he has bestowed upon-a ' ; little plantation of this kind, after he has . [ | began to realize the fruits of it. Ornnmen. 1 ' | tnl shrubs and trees, to embellish the * ! grounds about "his buifdings,.mny he addpd ' without cost, and with trifling lubor. A-bud is an organized plant in embryo,, with roots branches and fojinge, and like a ' seed, possess individual vitality, capable of 1 development .and the reproduction of its | * species. The process'of buddmg is me transferring tips embryo plant from its'phr ' .rent lcec-to another tree, which must'at leas! * he of the same genus, if not the same spe-. cirs?, The epricol and nectarine may br? "j anil generally are budded upon the pe^ch; | 1 the plum nnd the prpch are -budde'd on-each j other, and thojaear and apple-may be worked on the wild crab and hawthorn?and the j 'n .former is put on tlie -'quince to produce dwarf trees. ,To render the transfer or' budding suecesful,'.three things are requis) ite: 1.That the bud hie in a proper condiLtion to transfer,-2; that the stalk be in fcon. dition to rcceivo-'nrid-nourish it; 3, .that the ' I 'runsfey he-skillfuHv made. The bud ought which underlays the bark, wrhich will ripen into indurated' vyoatf~is fh? source of nourishment to Are.bud, and the bftnd of union' between-if ai)d t'uo stocdc. Tim operator m'ujt.use precaution ih'ut be injures neither, th<f bud," thd bark nor thq^crimbiurnt ns these, all exercise important offices fit effecting the ul^ion; and he must wltbnl take care to apply his Ugaures properly. It-w ll be. seen; from these remarks, that both -the. Stock and tliegraft should be in a state of active growth, and tjg? r4Urc yigorotrs the better, when the budding^frocess is performed. . It is also preferable to bud when thd-weather is cloudy bet not wet. Twigs for budding may *be preserved for many days with cure. They should be imme-diajely divested of their leayes, but notwhbHy of their leaf-stocks or pptioles, tl> prevent theexhaustion of moisture and may4 then be wrttppe j in fresh gr- s:? Wet cloths,? or wirh tlteir but*ends pVuservecf in mobi turn. - #v . w The only implement necessary is a hud ding'knife nn I the only preparation some, b?*i matting, or the inner burk of the baSs'v wood or linden* Prof. Tu.oufn enumerates twentv species or varieties.of grafting, jnosi of which areonly practiced by amateurs arid prfessionaf gardeners.- We shall dgscrtbo- orTly. tla> common jjiocle,; which is in general prac: ticed jh. nur&rjes. We t;fke- it front the Entyclripqdfa of^ardening.* *, "IS hie Id-budding', orT budding, is thu^, porfbrrtied:?rFi:^ ofl a smooth part of the side of the stock, rather from than towards the sun, and of a height depending,# ns irv grafting,on whether dwarft. half, ?r whole* standard ireerf are desired'; then, with-(he budding knifirymrike ir horizontal cut across tl;e rind, quite through the frrm-vvood; from the middle of this .transverse.cijl make a' jilit dowht-wtrrd, perpendicularly, an inch or -more long; poingr also, quite tl?rough tolhe." wty>d. Vbts done, proceed- with all expedition to tajce off a bud; holding the cutting, ' - r > . - i ...sl .u? or scion, in one nnnu, *vun me unei\^.->? ?r,,u outward, and wijh the knifo hi the other hand, enter it about half an inch or more belovy a bud. cutting nearly "half way into the wood of the shool, continuing it with.one clear sianiing cut, about fin If an inch or more above the bud, so deep as to take n part of the wood along with it, the whole juJioiit an inch and n half long; then directly ^rifh'tbe thumb-and finger, or point of the knife clip.offjhe woody part remaining to the bub; which done, observe whether the eyo or germ of tjie bud remains perfect; If not, and a little hole disappear* in tlm! part, tjs improper, or as gardeners express it, the bud has* lost its root, and another- must be prepared. Tfiis'don'V placing tfi<3 back part of tho bud or shield between your lips, expeditiously with the "flat, ha ft of the knife Separate tl hback'of-llje stock on each side of the perpendicular cut, clear to tho wood, for ihe -admission of the bud, which" dirc?ci1y ?dipr down, closd between the wood and bwk to the bottom *of the slit. The nexi ^operation. is to cut off tb? top part of the shield ev^n with the horizontal first made cuf,r in'order to let It completely into its place and to join exactly, the upper edge of the shield with the transverse cut, tlrot the descending sap-may immediately enter .'the back of the shi< Id, and protrude granulated nmfin, linitt/pAn 'if and the wood so as to ..effect a living-tin'on. The parts are now to he immediately bound round with a ligament of firesK bass, previously, soaked in waior, so plipble und tough, begginnmg a bttte Ix-low the bottom of the perpendicular slit, proceeding npw^rl closelyround every'p. t cjfeept just roun I the eye of the bud, andconinue it a litilo above the jfori. Gonial cur,.not too tight, but just sufficient lo-kcep-tho whole close, and exclude the atr sun and wot. ** ? < Future Treatnent.?In n' fortnight ,n! farihcsf after budding, such as.have ad*, hered may be known by tltcir fresh appe ?r. ance at the eye; and in three weeks all those which have succeeded well will bq firmjy united with the s'ock, and the parts b?ing somewhat swelled in some spec es, tlur bandage must be loosened, and a week or.twq nfterwards finally removed. The shield jinil bud now swell in common, wirh the oilier parts of the stock, and nothing more requires to be done till spring, when, just before the rising of the sap, they are to be headed down closp to tr.e bud, by an oblique cut, terminating about an eighth on quarter of an inch above the shield. In some cqses, however, as in grafing* u few inches of the stalk is left for the first sea. ?nn nnrlihi* vntinrc shoot lied to it for Dro ?W.., . J e ?- ? ? tection from the winds. THE DIFFERENCE IN COWS. .. I % B? . Mr/ Holmes:?The difference between a good cow and n pooi* one is undoubtedly greater than some p"oplenre upttonnruigine: To bo any thing iike minutely correct hi r a^certrrin nj* the sum diflerence.it might perhaps be necessary to keep an account," iwith two cflws," like kept, like treated, in all | respects, the one a good the other, a poor oow. Cut in the calculation [.am about to iD 'k?? nothing lkoexperiinent.il acewratfc1 nessis presumed"Uporvdtbriugh U is believed Mo be correct from the premises laid down ! which are supposed to be acknowledged | i'acts. Wc will suppose then, a good cow I to give daily, oi; an ?tvjrriig,,) 12 quarts ol iwn - ? . ' < ???? NUJVIBfiR 37. . m^k f<ir-10 months of the year,- Sudrji cow, perhaps by* some, mighi*b<> termed an . extraordinarily good one. Valuing her q^ljc at 2cts. pfr quart, it amounts to$7$#6.~-? On the o'her lfund> supp^so another cow wiih the same quality -anc^quantity of. feed, * -*?* * * . 1 _ _*_V * * gives Dur 4 qots. per oay. on an overage through t ?? same term of tin*?, and .there -are some -that do not overage more.- Tfew we'calfa poor cow. Rating tfie'milfc -the other It amounts to $24,3?;' maltipg-fhe . difference of annual incomo $43,02. lowing the yearly cost 6f h cow s keeping to be- $$0, gives a net balance' of 42. $6 Ju favpr of the good cow.. This difference may be materially increased or leasetflw* accordingly, us th? value.of the milk, or the co^of keejhpg, shall -be varied^ made more 'or tess. * The above, however, is believed to Ms about right with the existing state of . things here( West Sidney.) And it is jap* posed lo be sufficient to show'any reason, ing, ciilcnluiiog coto keeper tbnt it must be a downhill bus nessjt'o be stock'd with, **lpan mi k giving Ifine"?a real mofh^eafer foprofit and gain.* Ye*,* I suppose thcrd-.iifo farmers who will stilbkcep?as tbey always have done?'poor cows; will |pil and sweat or\,to got "ihe wherewith" to feed them,' and ro grow poorer by the-bOslnnss. Well,'jet them do.u, if they wil],2)litbri assured^goch we confidently believe ere Ihng,* SSrli thcrrraelVfe^, ifgiot* alcrsdy ihert^ in the back-grounds of poverty, in the actual Iw*** Itfnd.s of misery and want* They wiH rfced tp go to Texas tb mend tiicir condition*?" Nqw, ti Hide observation-*With little much learning as may'lpipAed to be ffiwoftsa with individuals cob nee with a /'goAt head',' Jeterminolioqjo grow wiser, and. belter" pff, will inend the .condition of Oft* in this "SnatJer, ev?h*jf he JisB ''Mtqy *eas\.in the State ?f.M.ufne,",r Exactly tK>f depend upon it. , 0l>^ervef4lT?lh die following marks off * rrnn J row. and os soon as may be.' orovt rT? . \ " ~ " 7 ~ ' ? . #v - ihotn by inquiry, Observation and.lruu.? Tt>e rparks as we have cooned them are ' these; I'iPndt correct we beg to be coiree* ted ] JVads; broald forehead; black eyes; large and deep belly; thick quarters; short joints and large fceti R6<J or white (with a'ye low side) cows".ire supposed to giro die richest milk.. Lef farmers think upon this subject and "endeavor fo improve'in-the/matter; so as to double the present income of cow.fceeping, which wcy should not think, if it were done? a. very extraordinary stretch ef improvement* taking ?ows in this vicinity, as a sans* pic?and w**dc?ow not'but they will compare widi cows generally in Kennebec.? Agarn, we say, let improvements go on. < ; " fl. f. vr. West Sidney, June, 1$40. From Stfthrt* S&fab Economy. * ARTICLES USED IN FOOD/FOR .HOUSES. 4 Kinds'of Food.?In-this country horses ar?Jcd upon* oats, any, gra?s, ana foots. Many, people talk as if they could be fed on nothing else. Butin other pnrla of the wo/11, where the.productions of the soil are different, tl^-food #f thp horse is different. " hi spn)? jterile countries, they aTe forced to subsist on dr.ecl fish, and ev.en on Yegeta. bre mould ; in Arabia, on milk, fl&Ji bulls, -eggs', Jbrot h, <$6C. Ln 1 dXJin. horaps ere var"ibusly.h'd. The naiivei^asses (wqjudged very nutritious.- F?-w, perhaps tx> oAts are grown i- bu/b-y is /are,, and -not. commonly grycn lo horse*. In D. ng;W,n vetch. Something Idee the Jure; is use I. , .On live western dde c*f lndia> a jsort ,of pigeon p u, called gram (tier ari'tinum,) . formd* the or* dinary food, with grass ivhjle irvs&Mon, and hay nil the -year round;> lndi*h.cbrtf or rice is seldom given.^ the West Indies, maize, Gyinen. Com, s(ig.,irwcane.tops, and som' times molasses ore* given..* in. the Mnbratta country, salt, pepper, and other spices, are made mH> bnlls, wjth flower *** butter, and these are supposed- to produce anionstion, and to fine- the coaL firoth, made from sheep's-head. is'soawtjmelgtvetC In France, Spain, and Italy,, besides the .leaves of 'iift-s, yiiws, the-tof s.pf depcisj ofithe cnrabJrec-, urn given to horses.1'*" k . Tho articles upon which*hocs*a or? led in ill's country are uslially afrangwd* tft i three classes. That which possess^t the least rfhtriment, in proportion tor it*bulk. *? termed fodder, and consists .of gmsv haj, and Straw; that which possesses lh? oupt nutriment, in proportion to us.bulk, if termed corn. This word is-often used fa if jt belonged exclusively* to oats j Jbuf it is a general name for ajl,the kinds of grtin and pulse npon .wJrich horses lire Jed. . In this work it isvused only in ir* "general* sense.. r? L and nnlafrtflt XXOOfS| SUCH tts uni i iiiif iui tii^j&p uiim form the third kind oA food. In n Jatioo <f>. their "bulk, they huve les# nutriment than corn, arid more [torn fodder. I?db. no? think this classification is of nny use, and here it will not be regarded, but it is well to knotr the meaning usually attached to the terms, Grken Herbage.?There aro, several kinds, of green, moat,- but the individual prk, # peuics of each are so little krTown, that much cannet be sjtid about tht'm. Gras^is ihe natural food of .horses. it is provided- fijr him without-the interference of art. ' It i*cnoiposed of a great, oumber of plants, differing much or little frdrtfeseh i other in structure, comooehion, and duration. Sorrie of the naturij grasses are to the horse mere weeds. destitute of nntrimentl*(hoogh not positively injurious.. Several are rejve. ted, or .oaten only when there is nothing else to caj, and none are sufficiently ricji tu maintain thydiowqin corvTition for constant Work, even though the work be moderate, 'Louden*-' Enc. of Agrie.. p 100-1* *