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T \ T W F, VOLUME V. EDITOR A ND PROPRIETOR. TERMS: ffpaid within three months, . . $3 00 11 paid within three mouths after the close of the year, 3 50 If paid within twelve months after the close of the year, ....... 4 00 If not paid within that time, ... 500 Two new subscribers will bo entitled to tho paper the first year for Jive dollars, paid at the | time of subscribing , and five new subscribers for ten dollars paid at the time of subscribing. No paper to bo discontinued but at the option ' Of tho editor till arrearages are paid. I Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines, i inserted for one ''ollar the first time, and fifty ( cents, each subsequent ins ;rtion. t Persons sending in advertisements are requesteu i.o specify the number of times they are to be J jtuterted; otherwise they will be continued till i ordered out, and charged accordingly. < CTThe Postage must be uaid on all cominu. ( nications. NOTES ON EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE, \ BY A CHARLESTONIAN. I ( NUMBfcK riVt.?vuavtiuc.1). ^ THE GRASSES. s 1. The Dairy.?It is well known that j Charleston, Savannah, Augusta, Columbia, and ail our large towns in the South, are but! scantily supplied either with good milk or i fre^h butter. A number of families in ! j Charleston make a comfortable nupport by i keeping four or five cows each, purchnshing s the gross which is brought from the country, \ and selling milk. When the cows become f dry, they are sold to the butchers and others i are pure ;ased. ? I would proposo that the following ex- r periment be made by some enterprising, in- s dustrious man, who is not ashamed of his t profession, and will taken pride in attending f - personally to his business.? ' t L'*l a farm of one hundreJ and fifty acres c be procured in the vicinity, of from three to | six miles of the ci'y. Let this farm b* di. r vided into suitable lots for the cultivation of ^ grasses and vegetables to serve as foo I for | the cattle. Let one fi'-U be p'anted in \ herd's grass (Ductylusglomerala,) which an- c swi-rs our ciitna e very well, ns I have had t II flourishing in my garden tor the last ntteen i j years, and have frequently cut it as early as L February. I would prefer p'anting the a roots, which are easily divided, setting then. \ oat a foot or eighteen inches apart. The t seeds vegetate preny well, but the plan s c when young are often destroyed by more jj luxuriant grasses. Let a small field be planted with the roo:s of the G irna grass. I n is very productive; cuttle, alfliough they do b not prefer it at fir.?t, soon grow fond of it, a and they do no: seem at any lime to refuse u it when made into hay. Let alternate fields y of oats, barley and rye, be sown in drills. % and at the same time sowing broad cast c over some of these fields about twenty n pounds of Indian or common rye grass to u the acre. Another field should he devoted e to the cultivation of the common Guinea ja grass, which although it comes rather late s in spring, is-very productive, and lasts till killed by the frost?Jof autumn. A small bed g left for s?ed, covered during winter with s ""II oKun.l inrA nT nlnnll. I Bliaw? will |M\/UUU? 1*11 U UUIIVJ III VW vr? j w * which should be sot out in rows eighteen | t inches apart and the plant standing eight or j < ton inches in the row. Another field set i v out in the saitie manner with Egyptian mil- I let (Pennisetum, liphouleurn,) one of the ji most productive grasses in the world, grow- r ing easily from the seed, and is thoroughly t naturalized to our climate. Other fi 'Ids I ? would have successively planted in vegeta- | bios not for fhe market but for the cows, j These roo s should be composeJ ofturnips, ; J Ruta B <gn. Koh rabbi, sugar .beet, carrots, j ( &c. Teus an abundance of green food and t vegetable's would l>e successively furnished j for every month in the year. On this farm 1 would build extensive and | airy, but not expensive stables, to secure the ? cattle against the cold of winter?and what ? is far more injurious, the heat of summer. -t The builJings should be so arranged that in , y o i summer the air may have a freecirculat on. t ( Let forty or fifty cows among the best of the ( common breeds of Carolina be purchased; , these may average about forty dollars per ' ( head. Keep among them a young bull of ( the superior English breeds. A stock may !? thus be-provided in a few years adapted to | our climate. Importations of grown cattle for our lower country are not advisable, as j | not one out of five survived two years, I whereas those raised here do not seem to de- ' venerate, and arc as well adantsd to our cli- ! " ' - I mate ns the common variety. Let the cows be housed all the year, and j < only be allowed to go out occasionally for j * exercise. Let their food be carried to them | as in most parts of England, Belgium and ? Holland. They will be cooler in the stables J I than when exposed to the hot sun ; ourcows ' kept in confinement in Charlesion thrive better than those that are turned out. The manure and litter from the stables will after the first year go far to keep the j1 land enriched. < Lnt careful attendants be provided for the ! ^ cattle, and light carts used to convey the milk or fresh butter to market mornii>g.and j evening. It is not my intention to estimate the profits of such an establishment, yet I cannot but think tint it would be infinitely ; greater than that produced by any farmer | in the vicinity of our city who has not invested a larger capital. Should the above be regarded as a visionary scheme I would only ask not to be condemned before the experiment has been ! tried and failed. . | 2. Grasses to be cultivated by the planter in the rotation of crops.?My own expert-1 <R ARM .1 .V /> C h CHER.' ence will not allow me to pronounce positive. I y on the best kind of grasses for hay or pas. turage adapted to our southern climite as renovaiion of the soil. The old method ofcultivating the same field with cotton for a succession of years, and another with corn, until the lands ore worn our, has been long tried, and the result has been destructive to the best interests of the planter. His lands are nearly worn out, and he has the prospect of leaving to his pos lerity a ruinous farm house, decayed fences, meagre cattle, and a barren soil. It is a murderous system against which the earthcries aloud for forbearance, and which the roice ofexperience unhesitatingly con Jemns. Even Balam's nss stopped to remonstrate Yvhen he was overworked. It is treating jur kind and teeming mother with ingratiude and cruelty?demanding, like the E?yptian task masters, bricks without straw? labour without rest. We have been experimenting on the fable of the golden egg, and ire now realizing the fruit of greedy desires. 3h ! for another Mantuan bard to awaken js from indolence and error?who would in- j itruct us with that gifteJ father of agriculture. " Alternid idein tonsas cessare novates, I Et segncm-patiere situ durescero campuin," Whilst wo are furnished with such large ilantations, it sterns hard that our poor cat!e should be suffered to pick up a scanty mbsUtence and waste tneir manure in the ] voods. We have a sufficient number of >roduc;ions already in cultivation to enable is to alternate our crops : cotton, corn, sweet ind Irish potatoes, rye, wheat, barley oats, jroun-Jnuts, guinea corn, &c.?I need not peak of rice?ihd heavens have it in :barge, and a thousand rills carry to it the Iruinings of the richest vallies. Even in his particular a benefit has, in some instanys, been found in cither suffering the rice and to rest for a year, or alternating the rop. A highly intelligent and successful ilanter of Wacc^maw informed me, that he jad two years ago not planted a portion of lis land in ri *p, but suffered the volunteer, >r rod rice, to spring up. It was ploughed mder; n portion of the land wa3 cultivated n oats?the remainder was kept as a past" iro for cattle. In this way his land was in i measure freed from red rice?he was >ountifully supplied witn miik and butter, and he product of his rice-fiolJ was on the suc:ecding year one fourth more productive han formerly. V^e have in Carolina several species of istive grasses, that have already been rought into cultivation, especially ue crab nd crow foot. These, however, are ann. als, and the ground requires to be every ear cultivated and manured. The fox-tail ;rass, elymas or lime grass, and many spec's of poa, festuca, and panicum, aro the iative products of our fields. From some ?f these, nnd inany others that I have not numerated, a selection might be made as n experiment, which, in the end, could carcely fail of success. But I would prefer making use of those ;rassos that have been already found to be tuccessful in agriculture. The clover and imothy I have reason to fear, are not adipted to our dry, sandy soil. On the various tpecics of grasses cultivated in Europe, vhich I have alread) enumerated, especialy those of the south of France and Austria, ts well aft Italy, no experiment has been nade. I doubt whether the Italian rye jrass has over been seen in the southern States, and scarcely in America, although I i nve a faint recollection of seeing a lew ilants, some years ago, on the farm of fudge Buol near Albany in New.York. A :rop of oats, or rye, after the corn or cotbn, would ufford a sufficient shade for the grasses to vegetate, and after the spring ;rain was removed, would not only afford toy or pas urnge for cattle, hut renovato the toil and prepare it for the production of our staple articles. By this means our land ind our stock of cattle would be improved? ve would he less dependant on strangers or our hay, meats, and butter, and in the ;nd our cotton and corn crops would be nore abundant. It is but fair that we rereive from our New. England brethren their rotton cloihs in exchange for our raw ma. erial, and their flour for our rice, but it is rather a reflection on our industry and enterprise when we look to them also for our hay and bu tor. THE EARLIEST NOTICES OF SILK*CULTURE OF THIS SEASON. It is yet too early to know much of sue. rossful operations in rearing silk-worms this season, because few such arc yet fully com. ploted and the results ascertained, and none in a large scale. But it is not too soon to have heard of many disasters and losses, and L-ven of total failures of rearings attempted with insufficient preparation and means. Scarcely one experimenter in twenty has been properly provided to guard against the usual changes of weuther and usual degree of inclemency; and much less so in regard lo this season, which, to this date, June 17th, has been generally very unfavorable to silk culture, owing to the predominance ofcitlier cold or rainy, o* cloudy and damp weather. Indeed, the weather of the months so far have boon almost reversed, or each month having the weather that properly belonged to the next preceding or succeeding. In February, the weather was warm and clear enough for the usual warm parts of March; and the young multieaulis trees generally were in leaf m the tide water region some weeks before the usual time. In March these first leaves were generally killed, and there was severe frost, and ice. In part o! % 1 e A! * BUS' r E R J1 W Ji IW. SOUTH-CAROLINA. April there was very wurm weather, which either caused too early hatching of silkworms' eggs, where not safely and properly retarded in ice houses, or invited new expo, riinents to hatch out their main broods, as forsettled warm weather. Again, in May more than two.thirds of all the days were either cold, cloudy, showery, or of settled rain. Even in June, so far, with some very warm days, there have been several others requiring fires for comfort. Every person who has had the slightest experience of the rearing of silk-worms must know that it is necessary to be able to protect them from cold, and still more from itnmnnooo nf tlio nlmnsihuno A nrl Pt/pn UUIM|#UUO'> VI HIW MUIIVJ|/I|W| v? VfVM | should they be able to withstand much eX'J posure, and yet be healthy and productive! in spite of all neglect and ill treatment, that it is true economy to use effectual means to shut out damp air, and, in bad weather, to dry, warm, and renew the air of the feeding apartment, by using a little fire in a fire place, or a stove. Yet almost all have neglected to observe these necessary conditions of success, and therefore it is not to be wondered at that all such feeders have met with either partial or total failure in broods hatched in April, or the first days of May. On the other hand, we have heard of no person who had a close feeding house, and yet well | ventilated, and who used fire in the worst weather, who has not so far done well, excepting in some partial cases of the use of bad eggs, or some other well known and sufficient cause of failure. If every person who has attempted and failel to raise a healthy brood this season were separately examined as to the causes, there is no ques. * ? ? h"* Ufr.nl.l l\u frvtni/1 IIUII Uifll III C \ CI iu&i c w V/UIVI uu IWUIIU to have operated one or more of the follow, ing insuperable obstacles to full succeess; viz., eggs from unheal'hy stock?early hatching apd exposure to the cold and dampness and frequent and violent changes of the weather?wet food given during wet weather and on damp littler?or too close crowding of the worms, and neglect ofclea. nmg away their litter. Yet there will be some persons who have permitted all of these evils to operate, and who nevertheless ' [ are astonished at their failure, and totally I discouraged from making new and better directed efforts. Many experiments also who have acted | more judiciously, and still more of those who have been too fearful of failure to cfcm. mence any experiment, will be discouraged by the number of these losses. But there is no ground for such a conclusion. It is certain that this business is capable of being reduced to precise regulation, and conducted always in the same manner. If, then, there were a far greater disproportion of failures compared to successful rearings this season, it would furnish no argument against the business as properly conducted, provide ded there were any well conducted and certainly successful experiments made in the same unpropitious season. If indeed but one person were to bo undoubtedly successful nnrt fiOO nthors were as certain!v uusuc* 1141} UIIU w...w. ? cessfu!, it would be* clear that all these might have done as well as the one, if thny had but used equal care, and pursued the same me. thod. Having suffered in one, as well as having heard of sundry othor cases of such eaily i disasters, we were desirous of seeing the [ operations of some other persons who had been more discreet and therefore more sue. cessful, and accordingly we visited tho cocooneries of Mr. Curtis Carter of Henrico, near Ricomond, and of T. S. Pleasants, at Bellona, between the 6th and 12th of June. We earnestly recommend to every one who feels interested in silk..culture, and has 'doubts as to its practicability, to make a simvliar visit to culturists who have taken some care, and exercised some judgment, to attain the end in view. No one can view the operations of an intelligent and judicious per. son in this business without seeing and learning something of value, even though some errors may also be equally obvious. Mr. Curtis Carter has done more and ear. lier to show his confidence in the profit of silk-culture than any one in Virginia under similiar circumstances. He commenced more than n year ago a cocoonery 130 feet long, 30 wide, and two stories high, which has already cost him more than 84000, and which he does not consider finished until it shall be supplied with stoves and Hues, and is lathed and plasted, to preserve the dryness * ' i L and warmth of temperaiure thus lo oe oo. tained. Mr. Carter is not an enthusiast. He is a prudent and judicious old man, who has earned by his own early labor and cco. nomy a competent fortune, wiihout nbandj oning the habits of industry and frugality, | and plainness of his comfortable living, which were necessary in his early life. His prudence and caution are nppnrent in his present operations. For after being so well proviJed, and at such great expense, he has still avoided increasing his rearings otherwise than very gradually. lie took care not to hatch out many eggs until recently, and the early small broods, (of which he wa s then roeling some of the cocoons,) were raised mostly in his close brick hatching apartment, where fire served to securo a sufficiently warm, dry, and purified atmosj pherc. Though 10 ounces of eggs had then been hatched, most of the worms were as yet young, and his great cocooucry seemed almost vacant. Reeling was then going on, upon two iron Piedmontcse reels. The laborers were Mr. Carter's sons nnd daughters, who already reel well, though having had but o few weeks' practice, and without having *| seen the opera:iou before, or having iustruc ID V BR J * V ? WEDNESDAY, JULY i lion from any one more experienced. Th principal material used had been the la: years1 crop, between 30 and 40 busKfels c cocoons made by Mr. Carter last summei During our visit, the reeliog'was of cocoon of this yeaFs product. We are not able t judge of this operation by comparison, or b; acquaintance with the article prepared; bu lo our scant lights on the subject, it seemei that the Execution was easy and rapid, an< the product excellent. Those who conside the difficulty of reeling as the great Qg ob I stacle to silk-culture, will have that impres sion entirely removed by seeing the opera tion here. It is not our purpose to describe the par ficulars of Mr. Carter's leeding operations which, indeed, there was not time to observe carefully. He, as well as other persons tc be mentioned, promised to furnish, for th< Farmers1 Register, detailed statements o results, having especial regard to the labor the cost, and the products. Mr. Schermerhorn's cocoonery bein$ immediately on the route, was also visited H:s building is 70 feet by 30, and of two sto ries. It was specially built for this purpose The warming, in worst weather, is as ye but insufficiently nnd unequally effected by a small common stove. An additional build I iug, for the hatching room proper, is nou in the course of construction. Mr. S. hac hatched out the worms from 30 ounces o eggs, and they so far were in good condition But the quantity is too largo for the meani and degree of experience, and we greatl) fear a failure on account of that error, whicl so many others have also committed. Will ono fourth of the quantity, we would be verj sure of the success of Mr. Schermerhorn'i urrangements and labors. At Bellona, the principal cocoonery ir the main building, which is ready for use hud not been occupied. A smaller build ing, because more easily warmed, had beer fitted up in a rough manner for the earl) broods. Of these, about 70,000 worm: were in their last age of feeding, and som< eight or ten small separato broods had fin ished spinning, and the earliest of then were then laying eggs. About 200,00( more were hatched but* recen ly. All si far had succeeded well, with theoxceptioi of two particular parcels, (out of some II fir more of different kinds, (which had turn ed out badly. Altogether, the success wo nbundanily gratifying and encouraging Yet great disadvantages had been, and evei then were suffered, in regard to the out-doo laborers, which it is expected will soon b< rectified. When Mr. Pleasant'* suhsequen feedings begin, in his large and admiiabb cocoonery, there is every reason to expec success, if zeal, care, and devotion of th hnnrt nf thu establishment. can secure tha result. Sojar, tho superintendence anJ th credit for the success of these early opera (ions, are indeed not Mr. Pleasani's but be long to his sister.in. law, Miss D. Brooke who has given to the rea ing her continue! and untiring care and labor. Seeing he success with these early and various sru& broods, (which caused so much the mor difficulty, added to the generally opcratin{ difficulties of the weather,) induced us t beg that the like assiduous attention migt^ be bestowed on a single an:l larger broo< and in a later and bolter season. We hop to be enabled hereafter to report the resu j of this rearing, which will be carefully oh | served and all the facts noted, in accordanc with our suggestion and request. One of the objects of Mr. Pleusants, i the early part of the season, (the best fc the purpose in view,) is to provide eggs ( all the best known varieties of silk worm.1 and of healthy stock, and likely to produc healthy progeny; and this can only be sect red by breeding from a healtlil;; stock. Th j was the cause of his having so many diffi rent kinds of worms, and kept in geparui | and distinct lots. Much has already bee j lost by many individuals, from their own q ; norance on this subject, and mu< detrimei caused to the progress ofsilk-cu Iture. Eve the best informed and most experience persons have yet much to lear D on th j branch of the subject. Veryfo\? persoi j take the care necessary to produce perfect i good eggs, or know what means should I used to retard their hatching afterward without injury to the vigor of a before hca thy stock. It is a remarkable fact that ti j constitution of a diseased or fccblo broc of silk-worms will certainly be transmits to the next generation, even thougli the egj ; shall hatch as well as of the host. We a j further induced to believe that pi neglect! i nnrt mnrh pvnosed anil sufferin 2 brood . worms, though not thereby rendered ui healthy themselves, will lay eggs, which w produce only a diseased and wo rthless pr< geny. Mr. Pleasants operations in tl; respect are conducted with a de. jree of ca and of rigor, which has been ra jely if ev used in this country; and not only woi he reject the whole of a diseased brood, b of broods generally healthy, fir it every su pected worm is rejected, next every soft otherwise inferior cocoon, and finally eve feeble or inferior moth, shouldi any su appear af:er the previous rigorous mode vdectinp the best individuals. If such c? can lead to the result, he will scarcely I lo reach the designed end of sacuring pc feittly and pure stocks ol eggs of all of ; different varieties of silk-worms. He i also been conducting n course of expe i men ts in retarding the hatching of eggs, ' an ic e-house, (the means which, by be tmpro perly used, have ?n often produ< i disapp' ointment and loss,) and from the I suits al ready obtained, he is confident of I ing able to secure both (lie desired vbjo * i' (SUf.y Mi ZET1 ' I Z E R. a, 1840. le of retarding the hatching to any time of the jt season, and yet preserve in perfection the >f vitality and the health of the stock. The larger apartment at Bellona, already s fitted up for the regular feeding, and soon o now to be occupied Dy silk-worms, is 36 by y 31 feet, and will furnish accommodaiions it for 400,000 silk-worms at a time Mr. Pled asants designs to hatch out 100,000 every d 10 days until lutein September. One such r supply has been already hatched, in addition to the more advanced lots above named; and the eggs for the next succeeding brood have been taken from the ice. So far no particular facts have been stated . of feeding operations except such as we ?I - r , saw, in some one or omcr suige ui prw^ress. 3 In addition, we have been informed of sev. > eral large, successful and altogether satis? ; factory rearings, in Brunswick, Amelia, f Nottoway, Goochland, and in Norfolk , county; though to the account from the last, were added statements of numeroOS loses ; having been suffered by reliance on discas. ed or damnged sale eggs. We had ami cipated this result from having obtained and . made early trial of a small supply from tho t same source. From those experimenters who observed and noted their operations with sufficient accuracy to show the fuels f and their value, we hope to have reports of I the results; and especially as to the amount f of labor employed, and other costs, and the products actually secured. We shall not s attempt to anticipate any of the reports by r partial and probably inaccurate statements i of what we have heard of them?or even i of what we have seen. But as it may yet i be in time to guard others from disaster and 3 loss, we will merely here remark, that all the observations made concur in showing ) that among the things absolutely necessary , for success, are plenty of fresh and renewed - air, enough space for the worms, and clca> ning of the shelves so often as to prevent ' any accumulation of damp or fermented s litter at any time, and still more frequent i cleanings during the last days of feeding. And, though not so fatal in effect as neglect i of those essential requisites, we will add as ) things to be avoided, the almost universal 3 errors of feeding too heavily, and the use 3 of very young, very luxuriant and succulent J leaves, forming a very watery and therefore weak food, and serving to produce or ins crensc dumnnes*. which is the greatest of all causes of injury to silk-worms, i Since the above was written, the later r and more full information received (to June b 25;li) has been still more encouraging and it the cases of success in greater proportion 1 e to the con:rary. Some persons also who effect of bad management which might H have been avoided,) and there was discourt agement, or change of opinion produced, as e to the ultimate and general results of the - business.?Farmers' Register. mITInulis's oration. d : - r Cheraic July 6, 1840. || Dear Sir: e In behalf of the Cpmmittee of arrangeg incnts for the fourth of July last, and, I may 0 add their organ, of the citizens gene>t rally, permit me to return you their I, thanks for your excellent and patriotic "O Oration delivered on the fourth instant, and It to ask respectfully for a copy for publica> tion. :e 1 am Dear Sir, your obedient servV BROWN BRYAN. " John A. Inclis Esq. >r ? >f Cheraw, July 7, 1840. 3? Bear Sir,?I have received your po? e lite favor of the Oth instant, requesting in the name of the Committee of arrange18 ments, a copy of the "Oration," delivered on Saturday last, for publication. Be as. te iKat l am not insensible to the too OUICU UlUk * ..v. ... 1 fn partial kindnoss which prompted the com pliment. As I am unable to discover any 111 worthy reason for declining a compliance, !lj I send you herewith a copy, in the hope ~ that such as may think it deserving of pe18 rusal will "be to its faults a little blind." is I With great respect yours, * JOHN A. INGLIS. |8 brown bryan, e^q. 10 oration., >d Fellow Citizens: -Jd The assertion, of the independence of the gs American Colonies by their Representa. r? 'lives in Congress on the Fourth of Jul) sd 1776, so ably vindicated in the eloquent of document to which we have been listening, i- is the event in memory of which this day ii ill observed. With its return is exhibited^:he o- sublime spectacle of a Nation communing in the emotions which its affecting and glo re rious associations excite. To such an ocor casion, thus devoted to "our Countryi ?ld consideration of 41 Our Country's Pros ut> peels," cannot be inappropriate. Whethe the American Republic shall advance ii or the path of glory she has hitherto pursued ry and if so, to what degree of power and influ ch ence she shall yet attain, is an inquiry, no of only of profound concern to all hercitizeru ire but of painful interest also to the advocate fail of rational freedom every where. With u tr- the genius of Libertv, designing the politi - ' i-i i ? Ins cal regeneration 01 ine wonu, ims csiaunsuc ias her model of free government; ond biihe T1-" for encouragement her worshippers fror i in all lands direct their failing eyes. Shoul ing the fabric she has hero created of such fa Jpd and beautiful proportions, crumble, the ligl re- of promise which now streams on the pat! way of man will be quenched, and the que< cts, tiou "whether human nature is fitted fur i wa . JCj + NUMBER 36. popular form of Government" will apparently be forever solved. Such a consumma. tion, the foes of political liberty and equali. ty, have from the beginning anticipated with feelings of unholy triumph, while their friends have in too many instances yielded, to unreasonable apprehensions. It is not unusual for each to derive arguments from the fate of other Republics whose scattered wrecks have heretofore derided the hopes of humanity. Impartial history too plainly testifies that where (9h Roman People once walked in the pride of conscious freedon% the ''half rlaa lozarpni 4 now crouches at his prince's palace and begs the offal of his kitchen," that the fear-, less eloquence of the forum1 and the capiW have^been-long sinc^htrslicd irrt Of despotism, aim mo uenetuo in w^. iimk ~^9QHC have usurped the authority which orieTSS*4' - ;MB longed only to the orders of the Co nitia. f( is true that Greece, "the first garden of Lib* erty's tree" yielded her independence suc?*" eessively to Macedon and Rome, and the ashes of her patriots lay trampled for centuries by the "servile, mindless and enervataf Ottoman." True that the free government* which onceflouriahed in the states of Holland and the Republics of Modern Italy, have all been subverted. Y**t Rome and Greece, Holland and Venice, Florence and Genoa, retained their liberties and with them' their prosperity and glory for a long succession of years. If it be nevertheless urged that "the head of this young Republic is already whitened with perroature age," that th* signs of decepitude appear and the causes which have wrought the downfall, of free government elsewhere nlre|djf begin to operat'V let it be replied that pow. erful counteracting causes here destroy the analogy, the evidence of which is reserved . for a few moments. - t The |p?8t progress of our country ip all" that constitutes the true power und greatness of a nation, furnishes other support upon which, the spirit of patriotism may stay itself against the influence of such apprehensions. A rapid glance at our condition* sixty four years since, if it awakens admiration of the unequalled courage which, under such circumstancesdefled and triumphantly encountered the wrath of ther i mightiest nation in the world, will not lesar excite astonishment at the chapg* which so brief an intcrvul has wrought. It that timer thirteen feeble colonies, containing a pep-ulation of scarce three millions, occupied, in a very scat ered manner, the narrow belt of territory that lies between the Atlantic coast, and the ranse of the Alleghaniea- _J? while all beyond thaTlimit Jay Ma boundless continuity of shade" whose still solitudes were yet unbroken by the axe of the white settler, or had been penetrated only by the hurdy adventure of a Boon or Kenton. The tide of being now swollen to five, fold its original volume* has risen above the barrier which then confined it, and poured itself down over |the mighty basin of the Mississippi. Before it, it has prostrated the pride of the forest, and left in its rear twenty six free and powerful States dotted all ov?r with splendid cities and thriving villages cultivated farms and ik;gant mansions.? During the revolutionary struggle, the limited and restricted commerce the Colonies had possessed "was annihilated, their shipping nearly destroyed and a vast public debt was incurred." Now some hundred thousand of industrious citizens earn their I ye. lihood by distributing the products, of oor own territories, in eight thousand American .a vessel* to every accessible country on me globe. Fellow citizens, to what quarter of the world, into what sea does not the en* terprisiog spirit of our people push our navi? gation??-What is that direction which our Commerce takes not? The consuming fervors of an equatorial sun, the tumbling icebergs of the North or the frozen desolation of the South Pole raise no barriers which they do not surmount. w * Nor has the increase of our revenues been less remarkable. A debt of one hundred and twenty millions of dollars has been entirely extinguished, and but recently our coffers groaned under the weight of superduous treasure. When the resistance to the exercise of unconstitutional powers by the British Parliament, first manifested itself in the refusal of the Colonists to consume British manufactures, they were obliged to spin and weave I for themselves, in their several homis. It was not until twenty years afterwards, that r the first Cotlon Factory was established in I the United States. Now in that bnncli of , industry alone, more than two hundred thous sand persons are employed, a capitalofeigh> iy million of dollars is invested with an an; nua) return in fabrics of Fifty Millions. In t..on?hoi nf MMnufacturers. the pro . UlllCl l/IUKVIIVII ?# ? t . gress has not been less astonishing?until j at this lime, the va'ried products of American ingenuity and enterprize, that find their r way into foreign countries, bring a return of i eight millions of dollars. , Our vast improvements in agricukure, - ns well with respect to the implements mid I mode of cultivation, as the quantity tind r. variety of production; our abundant internal s resources bo H for peace and for war; our s gallant and powerful Navy; the extent and - quality of our Literature, t!?c progress we* d have made in art and science; and llnr !r splendid system of Internal Imptovemcuts n , which is rapidly drawing the various anc? d tions of our Country together in indisaoL ir uble Union, furnish other points of contrast it not less str king. But stmisticks are by. ruo i- means nn ornament of stylo and minuteness ?*' of tletail is tedious. a The comparison has been sufficiently ex . ' %