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- 4\ . 1 ? "A _ -* "J- ?*>-; * - "K ' ' ? '' *?* V * ., - ' ; .; . ' - , >> # V * "^* 1* - ; 1 :". VOLUME V t |4 . m*> Iai?9 EDITOR AN? PROPRIETOR. TERMS: if pi id within three months, - - *3 00 il paid within threo months after the close ofthe year, --.-.. 3 50 If paid, within twelve months after the }' v~\ close of the year, ..... 4 00 If not paid Within that time, ... 5 00 ' Two new wnbecribers will 1>o entitled to th? paper the first year forjlee dollar*, paid at the thne of subscribing , and fiyo new subscribers fur te* dollar* paid at the lime of sqbscribing, No paper to be discontinued but at the option % of the editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisements not. exoeeding sixteen lines, inserted for one dollar the first lime, and fifty cents, each subsequent ins irtion. Persons sending i n advertisements are teques. *'* ' L "" nfEmei fhpv are to be J X .0 apeciljf IBS aumuri W? J Pasted; otherwise they will be continued till ? ordered oHt, apd ohart^ aQpordin^ly. - ?CrThe Postage irustbe oanl on allearamti. n cations. AgRiorLTraA'J. To the Editor of the Fanner's Gazette. Sumter, Junk, 1840. As the improvement of our domestic oni. mats seems to bo now engaging the attention of many persons, and as I. consider It betterto improve the nntivosiock than import from abroad, I would throw out a bnt on that subject. I would respect fully suggest ^ that ilie males bo from an curly age con. fined and not he permitted to mingle with the females until ihoy are. at su<;b age as may be deemed mat arc?sny ahorse four y?*urs?a mare not under three?a bull at least three years and a cow the same age; svr%x^ coos ar?/4 n or % 11/ tim d <i m o* n ?* Ull'i I | Ul?w J VUI UilVi 1* ? / f? HIV ^ ?? ram (sheep or goal.) two years old find a ewe one at least. The males tQ be kepi up, an J only to be'permitted to be with the lemuivsat such limes as it is necessary.? That nil males found- at large, be liable lo be destroyed by.any person, ? bite or black; and the owners, if known, lined. That the rule owners of males shall-charge for tfrc use of males l>e fixed by buv?-a* regulation of till* kind will improve the breed of thedomestic animals wo haw amongst us which are already naturalized. 'Die abovo 1 hope uiJJ induce sone who have exjierience, to give their views.? Should you think proper to publish the ahnvit nnd If ohnnlrt lx> nirntaiih'n fn vnn. 1 will ai some future period make some suggestions for the improvement of the' productions of our hinds?lowit, provisions and Cation. - t i am, very respectfully, yours, TI-rq, From tUo Southern Cabinet. AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF IRE PARISH OF ST. NATTHSWS, (SO. GA.) ST TICK EDITOR. JVc^roBS.?These are well fed nnd cloth, c 1. A peek of corn, or its equivalent in ^- oth?T food, with from two to four poun Is of bacon or salt fish, are allowed to each full it luiml Ai.F \ASt*i t 'Plw?ir fJull tin (i f - ? - * * consists of (ilapHSf or thick coarse woolen jacket nnJ pantaloons, fa summer they are clothed in cotton osnabur^s. Shoes are of course aHowed. The children tire collected in t ie mornings and placed in the charge of an old nurse, who takes care of, and cooks f>r ihem, while the parents are absent at work. The usual task for a full hand, with the" lion, is one acre, following a tier rhe plough. They are allowed severid privilege?, su *h as cultivating small fields and gardens for themselves, rafsing poultry and* hogs, and some fv\v .?i o\v those who will take care of ttfem, n cow or two. It is not, however, thought good policy b) some, to allow the two l ist, as the negroes ioo frequently abuse the privilege and appropriate their masters to their own use. All things raised or grown by them are usually puis, chased by the master; and we are glad to say, that wherever we have visited, (and we believe the custom is general,) the above privileges are allowed, and it is considered a point of honor with the master, to purchase whatever hts negroes have to sell, which he knows to he tin* product of their industry, whether he has need for the articles or not. In Si. John's, Berkley, many if not ail of the Planters, pure I w> st: in large quantities,-such groceries and other articles as ate mo??t Ike. jy lo be in request among the negroes, which they let ihcm have at cost, anxl which si'Hires it to ib'TO ul wholesale pr.ces. This plan lias been round ret succeed admirably in pYuvenhng ult trafficking at llie stores or wi:h canal boatmen. We did not learn that this plan Ims been adopted in Sr. Matthews, and we believe it is not. We would, however, reeommer.d it for tFial at least. WlK-n hired out, the wages is from six'y to one hundred doll irs per annum, always commencing and Terminating on the 1st ^ January. There aro no particular police regulations observed, further ;ban those enforced by the laws of the Slate. Overseers.?Most of these are young nvn who have grown up in the ParishThey are considered as generally good managers. Some who have emigraied to other Parishes have acquired considerable rep. utution. The salaries vaiy from two hundred to lour hundred dollars according to tiw number of Hands and the capability of !i*j incumbent. Ho is allowed as much of the produce of tie: plantation as he may re. - v? * -' J ^ / ^rr --.;4*- .. > i ABM vr.:',. . . *i> - . J1 JVD CI :- -f." > CHBl quire, and a certain quantity o1 coffee, sl gar, and bacon in proportion to the numbc of his family. Agricultural Societies.?None nt prescr exist in this Parish, but we..hope this wi j not l??njs be Uie case. Roads.?The roads are generally gocx owing as much to the nature of the jjroun over which they run as the care bestow* on theitv. The raiLroad from BrancliVjil to Columbia passes .through this Parish. I is graded, but the rails are not yet laid. -Th excavations and embankments are in sever al places of considerable extent, and Jror r s ZmZ'esr'. '"Skey < twenty to thirty leel tn height. uver to Congareetney ore now engaged in bui!din| " h hricJge which is to rest on cypress pile L driven into the bed of the river, and throug I ihe swamp. , Pish.?In the ?Vrrs jwe caught troul brim, goggle^eves, cat fish, rock fish, 9tur geon, and shad in the proper season. Npn are tound in.lhe s* reams, but in the pond ! are trout, brim, pike, jack, perch and silve fish. In the proper season large number of shad are caught with seins ; wbuLure nc used fresh, are suited up lor the plantation. Game.? Deer, from some cause, have bt : come scarce, xcild turkiet ate abundant i j the swamps, woodcocks and wipes rare! (ound, especially the|former..,. Partridge j and doces are to bo found in consideFabl quantiius, the former are very tume*: Ifces -a-These are kept on alrftost over plantation, in cornmoa hives.' Tiie tier mans usually luve a large number of htve< as they make a considerable use of honey i their domestic arrangements. ~ . Manures.?-There has as yet been n systematic attemp s at manuring, thoug every j)lan:er endeavors to accumulate a much as possible. But no hands are speci ally d< signaled Tor this work; the usual pruc tice is, on such rainv days as the hands can not be employed in he fe Ids, and rhere i no other work urgently requiring them, al are sent into tho woods to rake up leaves top-soil, &<;. nccoijipamed by oil the carl and wagons of tin; plantation?and a verj large quantity is gathered and earled inu the farm-yard at once. Soon, however, 01 the weather will perimVor oiher work rc quires their presence. they are taken fron this, and leaves are not gathered again unti the next rainy spell.. This plan is not' pe culiar to St. Matthews. In many place: where we have v sited we have found it th< one generally followed perhaps it is mnri so than that of.designating hands for (hit work specially. Bur it is objectionable or various grounds. Jo the first place, the a. > mounfof manure collected, on the plantation, will vary every year depending not or the ability of the planter to have it collected but on the stale of (lie weather during thai period. How is it possible then for him tc lie systematic in his other operations 1 He cannot determine what fi -lds shall be man. urod thft-next Reason, for he knows not how much manure lie shalf collect?-in fact, every operation is uncertain, depending or contingencies, and very often not doierminec on, until the very moment foraction arrivs. Agdn^whun such large quantities o trash are brought into the farm yard at om time, the manure from the cattle, horses,&c cannot be equally mixed throughoUt-conse quently, when curled out, it will be found o uQ'-qual strength, and while some of it wil be exceedingly strong, the rest will be ver} lutle belter, if any. than that which might b< j at once obtained from the woods; lienoe, tjv j crop will be unequally manured, nnd o j course boar unequally. It is*trne this Is ob 1 vhi'Pft in a orn:it mpiisure on mnnv nlanfa j ""? " b" ? j lions, by throwing the whole muss intolargi i heaps, and permitting it thus to remain an< I partially decompose,before removing to lln I fields ; b jt to intermix tin: whole so us l< | make it of uniform strength, requires mor I than once throwing it into a heap : it shouh be turned over and intermixed at least twe j or three time? before curling out. We prej fer much the plan of appropriating a certrih J number 0/ hands sojely to this work, wh( are to be thus engaged throughout the year I and no! on any account to be otherwise em i ployed, for the supply will then bo regular i can be equally distributed throughout th< . yard, stables and pens, will be more intimat ely mixed ; and lastly, the amount gutfiere ; in this way, will (we have not the least he j sitaiion in saying) be greater than by th< lormer mode. Such haslieen the actual ex pcricnoeef all who have tried bo h, wjtl | whom we have had the pleasure of convcr ; sing. Nor need the force, thus to be employed, be large. It is the constant, ever} day accumulation, that swells the uggregnti so largely ut the end of the year, By refer enceto our excursion into St. John's Berkel v. it will be seen with what a small forci | Dr. Raven a I accumulates a vast quantity a I manure. With a mule, c\rt, driver, an : two Itall'hands, constantly employed, he ma j nages to collect materials enough to giv him fifteen thousand single horse-cart load of excellent manure every year. After thi crop hastocen laid by, if no', required ft other work, two ox-carts arc sent to assij forsonv: four or five weeks, but the main dc pendance is on tlie one cart and its attcne ' ants thus constantly employed. Other phr ters in the same Parsb are equally as ac livt iy employed \ but we do not refer 1 them, because we are not certain as to tfi anoint of the force they employ, or the rt 8ul'S. Cotton Seed is also much used in this Pa r'sh* ^usually thrown out and expose to the weather from the time it is ginne until carted out for manure. Somo fet keep it under shelter and des'roy its vitalil jus! before using i{; By some it's rn'txe r , . :. .v *' ' " ar e r j rr IAW, SOUTH-CAROLS arnBrnmammmm? in ?ti i" i n km wj if r. wi:h their comport manure, supposoJ r be benefited forinoire than one year. When carted ouf, botb. the colion ? and compost manure are laid in small hci jj about every seventy or.eighty feet, wh secures an equal distribution over the fiel ]t The compost generally, is' well roped, t d a handful is placed on cuch side of the f d rough, aikljho corp planted between. Wt e cotton seed is used, the corn is first plant jl and from a pfni to a quart of the cot e seed, is thrown on the top of the.hill. T ^' is covered by the earth thrown up by o first ploughing, and as its vegetative pow e hgve been previously destroyed, it gives g trouble h'y its germinating. We were i s informed of any other Manures being ui h in this Parish, but as most excellent m has been found in several place*, and as t, fuv^ experiments which have b?en. mi j, wbre lnghly satisfactory, we hope in a I e years to have the pleasure of record a great renovation and improvement. :r CULTURE- OF THE CROPS. 3 Cotton.?The fluids intended for the c >t turo of cotton,.ure cither ivsted two ye and planted two, or a part planted in c< >. highly manured, which is considered as n quivalent to oneyears rest.' The first y y the old beds (or ridges) are levelled but s ground is cot further broken up?tbo wo are then permitted to-spring up and gr I until August or September, when thVy * - - I c turned under ana me gromiu muuw u Sometimes this cannot, from n press ofoi it work, be done, until winter.., Thw produ n a much finer growth the second year, wh is also turned under as early in the full possible, either wiih the plough or hoe, the one or iho other may be best spared s work. All endeavour to get this done early as practicable, so that the weeds n decompose by the Xiirje the young eol plants require sustenance. VVnero it 1 g been delayed, and the weeds listed inst< ij of being turned under,great injury-has bi done to the crops, and ?ome have been l< J in consequence of thu great quantities . un.decompos'rd-. vegetable matter, form ' the beds. If turned under, at the pro; B season three furroughs are- run togetl and the cotton planted thereon. All do n however, turn under ll?? growth of we^ r dec. but prefer running a fur rough, witi - bull-tongue plough at the proper distnnc s nod listing it into all the vt-g. table grow a If this should be delayed, until January ] February, a furrough is run on either s ' 'with the shovel-plough, and the list cover j so ns to hasten decomposition. If the is very large, hands are sent into the ft-1 who walk backwards over the lists and ch ( and mix the weeds and earth as much goiher as practicable. The beds are ma I principally by the shovel plough, and dre ( ed over by the hoe. They are small, li f and ftat, so as to elevate the plant as lii above, the genera] surface as possible, a from three to three -feet and a half apart. " - - s ih. planting cotton, a nana is genenmy swu ' head, who levels the bed and removes I I ary soil; he rs followed by another with dibble, with which he makes a hole ev< I twelve or eighteen inches, according to ! t strength of the soil; a third drops the se and a fourth Covers by pushing n hoe ] piece of board over the surface.* Very f f manure this crop ; all that they can* coll j being generally applied to' the corn; J Haskel, however, does so. Ho places each hole a hand full of well ro'tnl compr I covers it yith earth and plants thereon.? j From the lOlhto 20t i April* they comuiu planting the crop, winch of course is got with all expedition. As soon as all of I \ crops have boon planted, some of the pi. j ters commence hoeing'thcr cotton, whdl a it be up or not, in oYd r to destroy the yoi ^ grass which would prove injurious if I g long. As soon as practicable die cotton j I'gilt sandy soils is thinned down to- a sin } st;!k, which is done at the first working, i less the spring is wet on I cold when Hie fi part is not, though it is ail thus troa.cd, I ) fore leaving the field. " On clayey lands t is not deemed expedient. It is ihouglu b ' (and the experience of many of the b , planters approves) ;o t in at once to a sin, I stalk, as the frequent breaking up of the i around, and in contact wuh tne plant uiii I ded to remain, proves injurious. On claj grounds the coiton plani is liable to the44 si ^ shins" which renders it impolitic to l down to a single stalk at first, it is, ho evor, done at the subsequent working. 1 bull-tongue, shovel, and scraper ploughs ' * ~t- 1 ? ?n ion conjunction wkii ino no us, ?iv u^v, ing this crop. In light soil*, the scrnpei ^ lone is required, which runs on the sidei the beds, and throws the eurth into the ci ' tre of the alleys ; ii is ihen run in the cen ^ and reiurns the earth to the sides, whouc P is drawn again to the beds by the hoc. 1 ,j bulLtongue and shovel-ploughs are usee the heavy,, clayey lands, the scraper not swering as well in such.os in hghter. rJ hoes follow immediately alter the plouft ' and do an acre per diem, except when r crop is to be thinned, when but three-qu? 5l ers of an acre is done, the same hand tli \ ning that quantity. Every ten dyys or f< j night the crop is worked over and is laid ( from the middle to the last of July, vary according to tho season and the soil. 1*' ^ ing commences usually on the light la from the middle to the end of August. 'J ^ clayey lands are generally a fortnight la The average product varies from one h ' dred to one hundred and fifty pounds " clean cotton per acre; 011 choice hi. , from three hundred to thrco hundred ; d V ~ ' ' Tlio plan followed in Darlington disti } which we shall give in our next is much n d expeditionj. ' *'V ?"* - ,r ? cja: i : - - - - .J'. Ji D V E R T - . < FA, WEDNESDAY, JULY lo twenty, pounds : one hundred pounds art J picked by prime hands. 2ed Jf planted a second year, a fur rough ii &PS run in the centre of the old all 'ys, (in the eh clayey lands, hut not in the sandy,) tin ds. stalks are pulled up an J laid in them, the ind grass an J weeds listed thereon, and the bel> lir* formed, by the plough throwing a furrougli en or, euch side, which is completed by the hoe. e.d? The other operat.otis are the same as stated l?n above. lnis The only variety planted in this Parish thtL at present, is the Petit.Gulf, which requires ere pTbe changed frequency, as it deteriorates no trreaily in our climate, not Corn.?-Bo h corn and cotton are planted 8(Jf* usually in the skme fields, without allernat. |:,r' ingytth each oilier. *ln preparing for this ^,e cropuidurrpugh is run by many, in fht *de cenHP of the alt fys. into which the old^alkt are placed, listed on, and covered, "beinjj in". j first cut into short pieces. Others throw two furroughs together, and plant thereon leaving the general breaking up of the ,IU^ ground to to done at the first working ars when four or five furroughs usually accom. Jf0 plisties it. The Tuscarora corn is planter! commontyihrooghout the Parish, nt a dis?nr tance of three by five feet, leaving but one l^e stalk. In manuring with compost,it is apu^s plied by putting a handful on each side of tin c,v* corn and covering it. The quantity user are p0r acre, is about sixty bushels. W-bor cotton seed is used, it is placed over the corn ',er aftei it is planted, at the rate of from one C"S to two pints per hill the germinating powei lch being first destroyed. The cotton seed'v os covered over by the ploughs at the firs as working. The scraper and shovel plough f(,r are principally used in working th's crop a* which is gone over from three to four times, jay 'fhe average product is thought to be tets ,on busfcpls per acre, and on live best lands ma!|as nured, twenty bushels per acre. ia'* Potatoes.?There is nothing peculiar m worthy of remark in the culture of this crop, The varieties are die yam, Spanish, nnc red. The reds are cultivated nccoun imr e\f I hp i r r>:irlin?'c? ihn VnnlS are. hoWHVCT Per deservedly the favorites, both on account o ier' their fine flavour and good keeping qua hies, lld. ?The root crap is rdied on for feeding Shps (vines).planted principally for peed 1 11 though when the seasons are favourable !!'si they grow sufficiently large to yield a quanuty fit for eating. The beds are madt or large and five feet-flpirt,?the sets are gen ,c*e trirlly cut. They are hoed twice, shaver down with the gcriper, nnd lutuied up with ' sl j the hoe. We could not ascertain what the ^s' probabie product was. ioP Peat.?Usually planted among the cort ,0* tn drills made from s ?lk to stalk ; by symc LC'e th?;y ur^ planted in double rows?produc ss- not ascertained. They are also sometimes r)VV sown by themselves. t;''! Oats, Rye, and Wheat.?The first ii sown broad cast and no; manured. No ticJ" count is tuken of the product. Rye h n" grown only Ibr earlry pasturritge, Wheat l^e j is cultivated by a few for homo consump1 a ' tion ; but as there is no proper mill in tin 0 I Parish, the flour is dark, and though whoie, *'itt some, yet is not as pleasant to lobk on,, a* e(*? that prepared elsewhere. ^ POLITICAL. {' . ADDRESS OP THE "NATIONAL DEMOCR'Al 1C CONVENTION." )St, , j [The firs: several paragraphs of this ad 1CV j dr- ss contain only a profession of principle fl'e8 corTl|non *? a'' par.ics in tlih coun'rv, I ~ tn- ! wc therefore do not occupy 6paco w ill* it.? m' 1 We commence wit1) the sixth paragraph.] left! The Democratic party has always, from on | first lo last, arrayeJ i.self *in stern.and influx gle i iblo opposition to a nalional debt, incurrec it). J for any other purpose than the imrnediah n>t i defence of the honor and interest of .tin )t'- I country, as furnishing the ready means foi bis ; extravng ?nt prodigality, forming the bush est of a great paper credit system, and imposing est hu:dens on posterity, as a penalty for the gle prodigality of their ancestors. In opposi < tod lion, " unqualified and uncompromising,' sn- to the establishment of a National Bank, n> tey alike unconstitutional, inexpedient and danare gerous to public I b"rty ; nnd as the nnfaghin ; onist of this gigantic instrument of corrupivr J lion, whose power to confer Ivnefi 9 bean 'he no proportion to its means of inflicting inju , in ries, it advocates a separation of the fiscu rk. concerns of Govewient from the fluctuat* a- ions of the banking system, as equally ind.a 5 of pensnhle to the independenco of the Goverr,en ment, the safely of the public furi Is, and the tre, maintenance of a sound and stable cuiron e it cy. 'ho Tho Democratic party is in favor of t I in faithful adherence to the principles adopter an- and carried into successful operation by lb< [hie illustrious Jackson, in regard to unconsntu ;hs, tional objects of internal improvement bj the ilie instrumentality of the General Govern irt- men'. iin. The Democratic party ha?, through al jrt- the vicissitudes of altcrmrio victory and d* by, feat, of depression ntid exaltation, cherish** ing a deep, abiding ?nd unifying ntuicbincnt l( ck- our glorious Union, It has, on al! occasions nds exhibited h detcrniiuution to maintain will The invioable faith, 11 wise great compromises o ter. interests on which it is founded, and by i un- stem adherence to which, the proud edtfici of can alone withstand those influences wliicl nds have heretofore proved fatal to confederate! ind States. Such arc the groat fundament?'! principle rict, whiclropnsiitule the political creed of tin lore j Deniocra ic party. Mas the eminent citivi I we no w present a second time for the suflru i V- fii f. * 'fc .* KET1 i- _ 1 I Z E R. 1, 1840. j ges ofihepooploj faithfully adltercdtothe in hTs political Career, and in Ins past admi i istration ofihe Government ? Has he ft ! filled ilie anticipations oi his supporters, r ? | deemed the sanctity of his pledges ? Tl t most conclusive reply tos these questions, i a reference-to the course of his adversaries i Jn ill*? mids' of all ihe clamors and caltir nics of t'ic fast three jears,an opposiii I more violent, rnqu sitive, and indelirtigub than dhyifhciioD, or comhina'ifth of faciio?1 i to Which avarice and ambition over ga \ birth, ha* neVcf beer) able to fasten up< i him a solitary act, or a *ingle 8eniKm*nt, :i camgatiblv w t^i his previous declaration,J I: in violation of th-f principles of the Dem ; .cratio party* by which he was elected. ? i close has been hi*adherence to thedacfrin< text litfit' : c.vjMiu., .. .. u.^ r sdif,ji fld hi) v ur ii b ly has ho carr.&i tb? ; out in praotico, that every atft of Ms Admii - istra'ion has only added new virulence I , the a turns "of that party whose opposite i has always been most bitter when those do , trines were most decisively carried Out practice-:^ I We appeal to thelrnessages of Mr. V; Buren as undeniable propfs of Iris devoik ) to th<rse principles, and to'the acts of his A minis'jahon a.? furnishing.demonstrator) the sincerity with which he avowed {her I We. appeal to th<; d lily and hourly aggrhvi ijtion of the opposition he has ennaurfre/l t' from that party which has-always been cf i posed to those pfiricph S, es the clears I testimony of bis having manfully ancf fea ? j h'ssly taken the old k'-publican track und t ciicumstanroM ilib most discouraging at i embarrassing, and pursued it wi.liati in;r . pid'perseverance, through sunshine at . -through storm, though some liny sappeajjii t to stand almost alone and unsupported, e c?pt by the consciousness of the truth ai r ghteousoess oflris caus't, and the unsbukt r fidelity of bis devotion. If the policy of the Democroic pnrtv I ' not yet consummated, it has not been o?ii i to huy want of effort on his part,.but to t* , "pecuniary opposition of a combination I factions, having no one in;erc t or princtj: . in common, but a hatred of the Democrue . and a hankering for tho restoration of th , a seen hinqe which they lost by abuse- ?j , j perversion. If other evidence were ?eqoi I ? d to prove that he-had struck the true cho II of Democracy, it is abundantly to be foiu .? ahnlift/ilnM r* r\ *1 Mil AMu lo /\f I 1/\(t i\l l II I l|i; WKIUWI tt'nj Htuviiura VI ill}* Uji|iu I jtion which his administration has a^iIIi i forth, and which is idcnhfi d in its sourct ! is mems, and its ends, with that which a sailed Mr. JefFraon throughout his illust ? ous Cflwr, winch pursued General Jarksi f. in public life, und still violates the s incitv i his retirement with unmitigated reproach i and unrelenting'prosecution. A brief sui mnry of the acta of his administration w ? furnish the f>e?t illustration of Iris devotion ttios't gr?*ar principffS-we have previously j trumenncd as ihe'basisof'Democracy. [ Next follows an account of the manner which Mr. V.m Duren managed the foreij | nffaira of the country, which, being gene ally known and having the npj>robationj . all parlies, we omit ] At the commencement of his adininisfr , tion in 1837, Mr. Van Bureri round fl oountry exein.d by the redundancy of p ip . money, which hail produced a maum speculation, and overtrading and a cons quern delusive shod' of prosperity, .\vhi< h id no olhrr basis than a. system of era without hounds or limitat'on. Toe L'nir States Bank had, during the years 18J -i n j 4*.- .t thrown wine open me nuoagait-s 01 c*pi sion, and eirli*T allured or coerced ih,> Sia banks to follow its example. Under pr tonco of ndmiMsfcring to tlw inrmcdht prosperity of the. country, it scattered 11 seeds of future ombarraament and Tuin.Tlie conu'ry suddenly becamir bloated wj | an unwholesome and sickly expansion ?i ' all men not infected with the loudness of fl | times then predic od that this imnatur growth ?rag but the fureruinu?r of incur.iL (weakness and premature decay. TlieftiJfrlm'-nt followed close on the hot j of the prediction. Tliut invariable and it Lpcrafivo law of nature, which decrees di all violent excitements, all over-wrought c: forts, whodier of body or rrthid, shall I speedily followed by sudden prostrntio | produced by its inevitable consequences.I Within less th?n threo moqths from tl ! comineoeem-n! of Mr. Van Btiren's n* | ministration, and before be luiif advised ; carried into op^ra'ion a single measure th cotlfd, in the slightest degree, operate, prodce the catastrophe, more than sevi ^hundred banks, ns if by one iinpu'se, v:ol ted their charters hy suspending s|xx ' j payments, and by that means locked tip J (heir vaults, ami withheld from public us * in a legal currency, more than twenty se en million* of accumulated revenue, t property of the pco'p'e. 1* The Admiiiis ration under the directi . of Mr. Van Huron, and in strict ob?*dt< n 1 to the laws of the lantJ, refused to recogni 3 the notes 'of these suspended institution* , legal currency, though lie w is menaced, i various tfunfters where the Federal Opp f sirion p/evail -d, with coercion, violence;a fi j bloodshed, unless.he violated his oath, a g foHpwe I the lead of the ba <ks in sotting t !? Jaw at defiance. Fortunately for the c'tu j of morality and justice, the permanent i u rests of the pooplo, and the sangtily of t s laws, Mr. Van Buren rcsts ed these threi b and disregard I th-se clamors, althon [j S ate after Stale whirled pround on its < . bit, and deserted for the moment the bam -. *, :~>a v,l .,fr- . * v 4tjf .4 ' -4 '"Sfc" . > , - - * I NUMBER 33. ei5H?9-esaes? m of Democracy. Ho reposed on "thenokxt 4 til sefcfhd thought of the peoppIe,w and the d event jii^tififd his reliance om'their iotclht> gt?nee aw integrity. . ^ to -&Be rdfoftined at the helm, steedily stear. is ing his course b)\ihc polar public Tahh and natioffjil hortor. ' The,, iesult n- sudf) as ought to'fflt with honest exul atiqn jf|. the b(Wi^ who^jiee this* 11s fir) - ** le brightest jewels in f he dfSdem of the aovis, erei^ ^woffle. The s?red standard df ve v?lueMwIiioJi is only of seconifcry import-" 1 in once to the standard of morality, and con- * " ft- edfutes one of the great conservators of htr(it man integrity. was preserved inviolate by h." tire Government, while everyfwhere else >(> trodden under foot. The fldiaof the Utpne ted Stutes escaped the general wreck of + r'. public confidence; and the intere|t jind prinm" 'Upal. ofdverv debt were paid *1 <4 1. tu loml cnfreticy, (^ntempHstetl by the-fcfjk to ers of the Revolution. - # >ri T.iis state of things has ever since cone tinned. In tho midst of vast purchases of in na ionul territory reroovafe of whole Indian nations, an expensive war, sn f project* ?. ,n equally expensive, devised"by JPederal poK>n c/, to cieate a necessity for n<w toons; or ij. fndhvct'tnxes,; nd at ttie same time, afford a of prtioxf for a charge of ex?raVag..rr*e ag?i n. -\tr. Van Buren, the specie siandani has a. still waved ever his head thtougouf afi di se >A .v-irnMitoffeit. No) a single ndditf<m"*h?* p. boon made to the burdens ofe, and ?i ?rot a single instance of a failure promptly % if.* to meet every demand, public or private, . . er has occurred. The fekh of the tiovem id. ment has b* n preserved* inviolate m tins e- midst of accumulated difficulties, and eUl i,j trii^fiph over the rcit rated efforts of a party,'7 ijj which is ev try day assailing it with unx: blushing calumnies factious opposition, id That party, while maintaining its asccft. ,n (Uiwy in Congress, Opposed evmxfneas. sure ekuhted loaid the Ado^artwation in is securing the pubbe fund* by creating new >(r depositories, and-enforcing new penalties against- public defaulters, it oba'inntely ol resisted legislation on the subject, endcav. ,je ored lo perplex nnd barrass the officers who yt preeiikd ovfrr the fiscal affair* of the coonj,t try wHh vexatious resolutions, tx parte vl qui- ies, vindictive apd grouo Meat cburifee, and buter denunciations, which had no rd er object but lo aggravate present evils, ^ro,,j duce additional confusion, and mitigate the ,pangs of defeated malignity., J ?d . Ti ?e firm-adherence-of Mr. Van Bur*n !8, to the obligations of integrity and the be. rs- best s of I he law, had forced the great nasa ri- of the b uikrto resume specie payments.? tin But expert'iico had failed to make the moat of jUijhcnri^Ase-rn^r-hWr ?* qawwrnd ? uKurabio propensity to eacrifice fu n lure security t? present gain. Tbey played 'ill over die same game; the ssme predict ot e to of its lillimatoconsequences were renewed, e- and li.c same catastrophe followed. L*?* ,. than :feo y*aars afu?r the first sospen don, uud again n second occurred. In*Woth :h-? bank ln oftlie United States led way?first by us inA ? I A jn ff'tenctt, and anconaiy oy u? exanipi". a few honorable exceptions miiguted the evil r* in some degree; hut the measure and its 0' consequences were the same in both ?a?es, and the people ore now suffering similar evils wiin those that resulted from-^hc first a- .suspension. ' V ,P The address next contains 0 rcy'ew of Mr of of hs. mariner in which the heads of the leading executive depnr;men's have dis. ajfi lit charged their duties. But os in this we seo r'J nothing more titan might or ought to So fy. expected under any adnHnistmlion in tta i'1 pre sent state of the country, it, also, is omit?* 1 tp. . ... - * ** L"t us now contrast the picture justpre* f- sented with the opposition which t|ie; A(h lii ministration so conducted has encountered. *d Tne identity ot the.modern Whiga and he ancient Federalists is evident ond undonia?l ,bl*\ It may ho distinctly traced throughaW ? . ? r r - J aT la n.i tinnr cnaagcs w name, unn sccn.inroagn ??? their disguises. The same want of confides ''i?ce in tlic honesty and intelligence of the ii. peopl", a rid in those institutions which guar K unly their equal rghis, and the same disco. (f gard to their feeliug* and their interests, are !)e always-apparent, except at those periods n> vthen, despairing qf success by openhpuili? ty, they .attempt deception, by an affected dt*. lc voiion to the Democracy as sudden as fris J. short lived. The moment the crisis is post, Ql whether it terminate .n successor in dtsupiut pointmenti the mask so unwillinglyassumed, i0 and so imps-lenity worn, is thrown off. en If there bo any essential d.{Terence be- * a- twe'ti t-ho ancient Federalists and modern de Whig", it is to be found in tlie absence of in some of those traits in tho la'ter, which, nt es the cotmnencerwnr of tlie division of parties, v. contributed in some degree Jo give character he to the former. At the time those divisions originated, and during the whole period ifi nn which rho Federalists nbrifttctne'd their ss.. Ct'IIUUriCVf ^UUI MJ ITf(]T IVCU ze decree of decorum vvilcli gave"a pertain ni respectability to tin* principle* ihcy nvowed. jn ?S.i long ?s n innjori y of die peeplennppcrr(0. ted their pretentions, they ticnted them with |Kj apparent respect, while undermining tlxrir nd rights hy ttlsidious |egis|;?H?c, in conforms |1C ty to tln.h avowed principles, {iui lite molse mcnt tho tendency of their measure* w?m jn. discovered and denounced by Mr. Jefferson, hu and'they felt themselves sinking from their its power, then* deportment underwent to surL d? n and so thorough y change os so bring "r. out in strong relief, their doubts of the capsu lcr cry of the people for ?df government. < ^ 9 it y * + r J* ft * ***, P* >.. .." -