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4a * VOLUME V. V aEe 32&&*,a&&t EDI TO R A ? u rKUFurc.iv/iv. T E R M If paid within three months, . . $3 00 II piil tfithinthreo months after the close oft he year, 3 50 If paid within twelvo months after the closo of the year, ..... 4 00 If not paid within that tinto, ... 5 00 Two new subscribers will be entitled to the paper th? first year for Jive dollar*, paid at the time of subscribing , and five new subscribers for ten dollar* p iia at the time of subscribing. Mo p iper to be discontinued but -it the option of the editor till arrearages are paid. Alvartisements not exceeding sixteen lines, inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty cents, each subsequent ins irtion. Persons sending in advertisements are reqttest *. .o specify the number of times they are to he seated; otherwise they will be continued till ?rd<?red oat, and charged accordingly. ZT The Postage must be oaid on all cominu. ica tiens. From the Farmer's Cabinet. DETERIoRATl N oF GRAIN. Compl ?i?i not t?f re*ul * which your own lN??ii?Hiirc pro 'uc* a* The writer, hIi?t allud njT'o iho optnon of one, who fifoinnvnd* n frequent ciange ofseed, tho* i: should only be.from the firm of h<s nearest neighbor, r'rn?rks : ^ 1 tinnk it would lie iNffrmlr lo show Mm: ^ bore-fit would b *?leftv? d simply from chang. ing of se d uhl"s*yoti ob'nined a k;nd that whs si/prior lo what ivoaprev iously posse**, ?d ; ??nd m relation lo tin- difference of sod, it iti'gnt of "light nof b adv iiiiagroos, f>r the chanrti would be equal either way, uci less exp? ri -life bad indicated:hnt?.retrieval from a particular soil to that of another given k*mi was m ended wi:h favorable P'sul a ; for it is ?ur !rnm c r am that anv ran bun m shot exdange would b>? ten- fioi.d in un* cue whatever. Tli<* injunction to 8'*le?*l only ih.it which is of the Ir-st quality/* is. good advice and should be peniiiarinusi) adoered to in all cage* whatever ; but h it res >r a- ould bo had 'o any * n igh boring farm.** or" if impor ed so much die better, is not quite so clear.?-The venerable Joseph Coojeuv l?te of Camden. N. J rsey, w.ts as successful a cultivator as our couu ry furnishel an ex.-imj.lo of; lie survived to a greai age, und he commenced n *erte* ofexpert, stents at an early |?eriod of life, founded ou rational principles wh c>i led to most unex. am pled aUTess in his *i?r?culturd and hor. ticul ur.il operations. The results of his ex- I perterice, wrh tlie principles on which they w?me founded, wore published in the agncultural societies* tra.is.iciions, nnd in the almanacs and newspapers of the day under h?s signature ; and it is believed, no ins'ance can he produced where the plans suggt sted by him have been carefully carried out, but wflM the same beneficial results h ive be? ti witnessed. He was nut a b liever in " dear bought, and fat fetched ;'* bui be resorted to his own gro infield when the gnin was beginning to ripen, nnd passing through it lie careful v ?e ertedsuch h**ads as appeared to ~ ' ? ? #A I*'* tkuoia lia V*. Ia mm Ml DC superior IV pv t m , iu< aserved to raise I.is seed from, and in thi? way in the course of three years, he would ^ propagate sufficient to seed his field; and ** he constantly p?wvered in this mod- of selection of seeds of every kind for his own pi m'ing anil sowing. Trie celebrated Coop?r com" was annually s"lvfed on this principle, and continues to preaervo Us well earned repirnpon, on th?- farm where the selection was first made, and in ts neighborhood, although it is now nearly seventy years since he first commenced the planting of if, and it has been car- fully preservivi from adniix'ure wiih oilier varieti--*. Tee wrier of this, procured seed-corn of him morethan thirty years ago, and having within the present week examined some of the ears of the Cooper corn raised at Camden, thev do no' appear to have undeigoneany deteriora ion or change. The principle adop ed by J. Cooper in /electing his grain and corn, he carried out to its fullest extent with his garden seeds, preserving hose only of the he*a? and finest I sp inm ns that ripened earliest for seed; and he never found it necessary to change his seed to prevail its ' running out for ho kept-he stream constantly running the o'her way bv judicious *e|??c ion from his ' ?nonstock. Nut al hough ho n^vr clmng d his swd, others difor these who were care, less and negligent, were nnnuallv resorting to liiin to purchase a fresh s pply of Ins superior selec ions of s?-od and grain. TV sce-nific and practical who carefully #acrutiniz" what is going <n in the world of nlunto tinrl aoiimilti no lnn?f>r hflit-vi- in iht* p- doctrine of deterioration, pro?ided care is taken to bre??d eo mtnnfly from the best anil moat pi rfrc' specimens. BM careful in se. lecting your grain, seed* and roots, and it will not be necessary 10 go from home to procure a supply of ihe best every two venn." A good firmer never goes abroad to s?*ek th-?t winch, by industry and intelligence, he can procure at home. p Agricola. DWARF FRCIT TREES. In some places. es|>ceial|y in France, a method prevails of cultivating dwarf fruit tr*es. These are said by Eriglish and F?euch writers, to bay many advantages. Tne trees ur? not as much exposed to high winds, the produce better frutt? bear earlier, and mnrt* abundantly. Dwarf trees are produced by inoculating on stocks of comparatively slow growth.? T us by inflfulat ng the apple on the Para, dise or Dpv.'<u stock, ibe peach on a slow growing plum stock, nnd the pear on the quincd stock, &e. This is practised her1*, * ABM J1JVD HE CHgBAl more particularly, in garden* where the tn-es are set ah.ng the#t>orders, al ernating wiih goosebenies or currant bushes. The pruning and management of dwarf appleg and pear re?*s. are well described in the following remarks. The first subjects of the following re. marks, fromdheir appearance., were planted six or seven year* previously to the coin, inenremeut of miy pruning being given i em. In consequence they require-! to be very much thinned oil*, to lis to get the branches clear of each ottier. For tbinn ng I always tarn* in unnd to cut fie old wood off close to the ?te,xi or branch it was attached to; this prevented voung wood spri igiug afterwards. Wbeu the frees j were thinned of the old shoo s, as ubove Mated the young side shoots wore wtiat is generally termed spurred in ; ihnt m, they were so atior eued, that only two or three were lefi on them, ai d ihe leading top shoots wore fthoiteiied to half their length. Tih* following Hil l every suectftedingyear, "the trees were trean d in the mite manner, as ro.pl c s the young wood, till they had acquired the desned h ight. wtwn the lend. in:? st?oo s v\eresMort? n?*d, :is the oideshoots or spins ttad b'-en previously. Wh"ti the lea ling xh'Mi's s'uiw an indiea ion >o grow very luxuri m ly, which is apt to he the rage uml'-r Ins tre uincn , they shouid be pre.* v nted noing so. by cutting off part of the old w od, along wall die yound.shoots imnr df t ejy abuve a fl ?wer hud. This will prevent the s ?'(r so cm from increasing in length. Tne spurs must lie treated in a similar manner, by curing ofTa small por. ' .tiort of the o! I wood along with the young, I when I hey are ge tmg too long. ! "I have never found the above treatment (ireven* fint swelling, or in anv way detiimen si to ft ; but on the contrary, it was ah* ays improved. Young trees are 10 he treated in the following tnunlifr'; if tlwre are more than 1 thr- e shoots on the plant r?*luce them to the < number, and lhort'-n each to three* four, and six eyes, According to their strength. Toe following season reduce the number of leading shoo s <o six. and shorten them to 'love-fourths <f ih-ir length, and spur in the remaining shoots Th"tree should lie manHg>tl in ever) respect in ihis m inner un il it has attained tfo? requfosl n'w\ which of course depends on the convenience or fancy af the owner, or conductor of ihe g irdeu I make a point of foiling the tn*es take their na ural form of growth ng fur am the 1 system described wdl permit; for I < onsrder 1 it of lit lo consequence what shape is given J to t'?e tree, provi <ed my end is atained ; 1 that is, to make ev? ry branch as it were n ? long spur, with b tiring buds Iroin the base i No t ecxirennty. 1 j Two or three vears* trial of this method | "" ?t?l rvrkaaildv HrhT m;inv from a Will,, III ?it ? - , . _ con iuunuce of it, in consequence of the qunntry ofyoung wood which will be produced yemly ftf first, nndfrorn the apparent ' difficulty of pelting rid of th?' superfluity. ;; But that inconvenience will be ultimately sue* mounted if >hu foregoing ins" ructions are atten-led 10.an I the continuance will be the possession of both healthy and fruitful trees. To attempt hi tiring very old trees info this method of management would be attended with difficulty, unless they *ere cut down short and allowed to make new heads which 1 should receuiinend where their produce can be spiired for a tim**. In a few years fine head iy heads would he formed, which , wdl yield frutt superior to any that could be expected from thein if left in their rude stale. But if die trees cannot lie spared to be headed down, tliev may he very much I improved by thip mug out the spray, and cut* ling out a few old nraifhes, which will cause them to throw out young shoos, and | these in a short time, will twoni" bearing , wood. The remainder of the old branches may then he thinned out with effect. Kven if this process is only performed once in two or throe years, and the stains and bran. ches well cleared of moss and dead bark, M will he of great service *o th?* tri'os, and be a m-atis of keeping them tree Iroin insects, and giving tiiein a neat uud clean appear- 1 once. [Practical Farmer, From the American Farmer. DIFFERENT N"DR9 <?F PRESERVING AND PREPARING TOMATOES FOR THE TABLE. Canons'/urg. August Hi/A, 1839. Mr. J. S. Skiiiiioi?As the season ofiomn O' s .s >tt hand, I will send a few recipes tor preserving tlvin for winter use. Take toma oes, lay half a peck, when ripe, but not too si iff. skin tiiein and cut hem in two, leaving the i'^s or not as vou like; lay them on a dish, (I do no' m ibIi til* in ; (lien take two quarts of-Iron vinegar, put one table-spoonful of all-spice, he same of powdered ginger, the same of salt, half n table-spoonful good Cnynnn*' pepper ; put all (except ihe tomatoes) in the vinegar; boil it in a very clean brass or o?-|| metal kWile for about half an hour?When s rain it through a sieve, put it again on u , slow fire, and when ii begins to boil, put in some of I he tomatoes, but do not crowd tiicm. When they look clear, take them out carefully with a skimmer, and lay them on a dish ; do so until you have them all done, and when cold, put them in a glass or white earthem jar, with tho vinegar in which they were boiled. Dip writing paper 111 br mdy or strong vinegar, and put over them ; cover th?m tieht, and put in a cool plaee. It is excellent with fresh, or any other kind of moat. Another ?'Take toma'oes when ripe, skin diem, cut-them in two, lay them on j large dishes, put flivm in the sun to E It S' * t' E R A W -Ji * 'J* ty, SUU lh-UAKULip, J dry, (urn them often, and wtani; * suf. | ficiently dribd in the sun, put them ifT^dry place. They should be exposed low? *u? afier a damp spell of weather. wh?*n slewed or Cooked in any way, they ure n I most at good as when first takenifnwi^ the vines.' "V ' 41 Another and easy mdtlc of keeping Umiatoes.?Make a strong pickle of salt nndwttter that will bear an egg, make it coltl, strain it into a crock, or email keg; take ripp to. mutoes, fill laverock or keg, pour the ftickle on them. and cover it with a thin supe to keep th? m under the pickle. In tfami*er when you wijir tome* for use, put 'hum in cold water the nigt b fnroVnd in the. ^om , mg chnnge the wafer until hey nie asfresh as ynu want tliem. Then cook them, or eat them faw will vinegar, |>"pp?r and salt. A cheap an excellent dish.? "ake cold c ooked meal of any kind, chflnit fine, season with sal*, pepper, and a little butler and spice if you like. Then take stale bread, say one. third to two of meat, soak it rh iniik or water, taking care not to make it too wet ; then i?ke four or six large ripe tomatoes, Skrn h? m, chop*th'*rn fine, put thertl with the and bread, mix them wHI to. gether, put in a deep dian, an J bake it in a slow oven on a stove, for one hour; eat vri.ti gravy or not :?s you like. An'tther.?Take cold rooked meat, chop fine, h oot fat); bod some potatoes, mash them, put one.rhird 10 two of the meat, mix well together tti a deep dish, bake slow thrcc.quarrH* of an hour. In your large cities ihere is a gn at deal of provision ttirown away by cooks that migb be inaile into wholesome and palatable dishes I have made. Ifour housewives would look mure in o their larders, they might wave their husbands some dollars in the course of he \ear. As "his hint conies from an old lady, I hope my fair countrywomen wdl not take it otniss, but profit tliereby ; and to make up, I will give another rpcipe. To preserve tomato s in sugar, tako them when ri< e, but not too ft. skin and cut them in two, taking out the seeds; take, for one pound of tomatoes three-quarters of a pound of sugar, loaf or brown ; loaf is best to keep them. First take two fresh lemons, cut them in thin slices, put litem fti one quart of water, boil them*; until soft, strain the seeds ou:f add die sugar, let it boil fur halt an hour slowly, then put in as many tomatoes as not to crowd them,? Lot them hod until clear, then take them out carefully with n skimmer, lay them on [i Inrg dish,then pu more in, and boil ihem [tie came ; do so until oil are done. When cold, put them in glass jtrs. If there is not syrup enough to cover .hem, make a Utile more. When all is cold, dip white writing paper in brandy, cover them with tt, put double pnp?r over tiiem. t o tiiem tignr, una keep them in a cool dry plare. I hope that your ynunz housewives wi'l endeavor to be the mothers of invention, and have the credit of making their own recipe* and cookery. If you t fink the above r#?c:pe? worthy a corn r in t te Ladies Department of your useful and valuable periodical, by so plucing them you will oblige E. M.F. Darby. Report from the. Commissioner of Patents showing the operations of his Ofice during the year 1*39. January 24, *840.?R>ferrnd to the Committeo on Patents and tho Patent Office, and ordered to be printed. Patent Office, January 1, 1840. .Sir?The Commissioner oC'ijPtf^n'shaa the hop or to transmit hi* anmiffifepor. Four bun lro<i and twemv five patents hn\e been i*<u?*J during 1839, (including eight addition"! improvements ??? former pa euta.) of which classified and ulphabe.ical lists are annexed, marked A and B. During the mime period, tliree hundred and :hreo patents have expired, us per list marked C. The reveip* of office for 1839 amount to $37,260, from which may he deducted $5,. 769, paid on applications withdrawn. The ordinary expenses of the Patent Office the past year, including payments for ttie library and agricultural Ktatis'ics, were $20,799 95, leaving a surplus of $11,450 43 to be credited to the patent fund, us per. statement marked E. For the re* oration of models, records, and drn\* iug*. under the net of 3d March, 1837. $7 1173 07 have been expended, as per statement imrk?d FToe receipts- oJ the Offico would have been nearly $3 000 nru>re, had not the late law permit ed assignrn'mis t<r be i^corded without charge, a grmuityf however, whic ? has given rn ich satisfied'>n. In compliance with the net of 3J of March, 1830, I have published a digest ol all patents, grant- d hy the United States, add ma thereto an alphabetical index, and shall depo.site in the. library of Congress nine hundred coum's of the same. * The old digest was very defective, A new arrangement has b?-en made, giving to each inventu?n its appropriate classification. A distribution ot 'he now digest, will ma. terially lessen the correspondence of the office, and guard citiz-ns* against the impositions ol vender? of spurious patents. The volume contains above seven hundred and fifty pages. ; . The work was deemed necessary for daily reference in the office, and believing the appropriation adequate to cover the ex penses, I did not delay the publication. A small additional appropriation from the patent fund wil be required to complete nynsDl for the same. ' GAi ID r E R T af?BBH?MM?WW? ???CI FRIDAY, JUNE 5, 1840. a?agpwww* i? i?iii i iwh?ehm? ! Eleven thousand five hundred and nine patents have been issued by the United States previous to January 1840. A large number ol' applications partially cumpl'sed are awaiting the reception of models and treasury fee. th t transmission of tnodeg through o. gents appoin'ed ny law in the several states H&rdt much ficility to inventors; and if P'Emission were given to deposit with cof') -stars of public revenue the f%es required, such accommodations would obviate one cause of perplexity and ilel.ij. and be more especially convenient 'in consequence of heir present agency in forwarding suchrno* Als. A 1 nm happy to say the patent office boiM ' ing is so far completed as to afford, within a few weeks tne necessary accommodation for the office, and to enable the co nmission t)p> receive (lie numerous specimens of American art as con emplated by the act of reorgawz ltion, nn l to carry out the wish, en ot Congress by collecting and distributing valuable seeds ; exhibiting, also, un lor appropriate classifications, 'ho most important varieties, both exotic and indigenous. The inquiries propounded by ill honorable secret.iry of state, in taking the n'-xt census, rendered it necessary tor we com m hsioner to expend hut a small part of ihe nppmpri riou lor prorurmg agricultural gta t'ktics. From data ofso hjgh h source, the commissioner can samly pr?*dicato future calculation*, and hopes to present to Con. gress such dermis qf domestic product.* us wHI be of importance in financial estimates. The diplomaticcor-ps of the-United Stan* residing atiroad. have been solicited to aid in procuring valuable seeds, and the officers iof the navy, with llie approbation of dig lion, orablc secretary of that dep .rimem, bav?been requeued to convey to the paftr office, ford strburion, such seeds us may hi off-Ted. In many cases, no charges uili l>e made for seeds. It small expenses do arise, tliey can he reimbursed f?v npprupriations from the patent fund, daily accumulating, und consecrated specially to the pro motion 01 the ars and sciences. The cheerfulness with which rho diplo raatic corris and the officers of life n;>yy have received the request of this office, justify sanguine anticipations from this new undertaking. With the additional assistance granted last session, and correspondent exertions on the part of these connected with' the bureau, the business in each tupifich is brought up. Less delay w.H, I trust, arise in fu urcappli cii ions. Th<* number of caveats issued in I83y was two huudrud and twon y-five. Tlie number of applications for pa'ents tlie same ^ ear exceeds eight hundred. One half of these have b-en rejected on exnmin ation. Tnat the investigations of the offi.-e have not been conducted wnhout rare and attention, may perhaps be inferred from the fact that no appeal has been taken from the decision of the commissioner on d.cse cases. Tlicse rejections will show paleness, that inrv ?rf pruiriiiru uo?n m^ii< igiiv f iv ?reat '-xleni, and the public generally, how much they are guarded against useh'is or invalid pat<ns. 1 only ndd ih it a small ap:T.>piut<on will Ik; required to rpntinuc present periodicals t ?ken at the offic . together with some mL d.tumal standard works winch are needed for daily reference. Very resp ctfullv, Vour obedient servant,* Henry L Ellsworth. Hon. R M. Jounson. President of the Senate of the United States From the Southern Cabinet account of an agricultural excurrion INTO ST. J.iH.Vs: BERKLEY. By the. Ed'tor. All of ihe oops grown in the S ate arc cullivn cd in the Parish of S . J"hu B rklev. The lower part embraces the whole of ho western hra.ich of Cooper River, ntid the Northern half of die Eastern tirancii. On tnese*t*'o brandies are some of the finest rice plantations in the Stat/'.? Of their management, we do not p-oposo to treat nt present, huf confine our remarks to the crops grown in Middle and Upper St. John's. Of these, the most importun* is Cotton. The variety grown hero is what is known in Commerce ns the "San?..? " mi inferior kind of Sea.Island or Black Seed, which inferiority is in a great m-n^ure, if not wholly produced by locality. Wo say ia-a great measure* for no onej who has witnessed the great improvement* made on the Sea Isf.inds in the staph* of their co ton. but must be convinced that u similar improvement .could bo brought about v\ h'.'rcever the same variety of cotton is grown. We do not wish to ho inisui) der.-tood. We do not belitne that the fineness of the staple oftho Sea Island cottons coufdever be attained, by cotton grown beyond the influence of the sea atmosphere hut we dunk that the Santecs might, by the judicious- selection of seed and application of appropriate manures, be grown to as great fineness as the ScuJhUn-1 .cottons l>of i?n llwk rur*^nt fVratiY I i*\n rt wt < " WV.I IV iiiv WV/H I , Tho reason why wo suppose --that the Sea Island cottons can never b?* sucessfully rivalled in fineness is,ihat the peculiar atmosphere in vyliich they are giovvn, is wanting and this cannot, as fur as our experience j goes, he in any manner supplied. So great I an influence was supposed to do exerted by | this atmosphere, that p'antntioufin the into, j rtor of the ishnds and on tlie main, (although horde ting on tidewater,) were supposed not capable of producing the finest variety ofccttca. Experiments, buwever, b*v? EET1 I Z E R. m ' 4 been made, and experience now" sanction* the Oj.iri'on, that the ftnhat cottons cap b? grown on such, by the jud cious application of saline manures, the ft mosphere noi being in mat rtaliy changed in i:? transit us to efleet riwfMftpl-. Prof.. Shepartl is now engaged in analy. sing the soilAs?rEdisto Island at th" request of the Agricultural Society of St. John^ Coilefon. e view this ash mofet important step taken towards the advancement pf ouf ngnculiu^, writhe'Society njcrfl the thanks of die community for it, which- we hope to sue imitated by all of the Agricultu;* ral Societies of the South, ('specially-of Uu* i State, and even by .indivkjnul*. one sfitfr whom we are acquainted, is better able to carry on this nice investigation, tiinn tlx? able Professor, to whom the Agricultural Society of St. John's Colleton have assigned it. Tite many advantages which would arise from an accurate analysis of our soils, are so obvious, that we sea ce feel warranted in alluding lo them. We, however, cannot refrain from men tioning n few. The first is, that hnving seer ironed the component parts ofa fertile soil, and the relutive proportions of each ingredient; we can bv analysing our own discover in what*it is defjciimt, or in what it sup'*ra bounds. and if practicable, apply the remedies which may bring it n'-uror the s andurd we aim nt. A gam, it wdi euable ? t \ _ t j us to correri an?i ormg inio cuiure, spoia, and in some instance's acres which, at present are wholly unproductive, when cultiva* t" in particular crops. For instance^? it is well known that in many fields, both on the islands-and main* there are spots which produce what is called the '-Blue cotton,1' which yields nothing. Othof spots are suhj'-ct to the "rust,"?-as soon as tli'Se are ari.dyzed, and compared witji ( fertile soils, their excess or.deficiency, in .my patti *ui;?r ingredient, will at once be detected, nnd the remedy npplied. The analysis, therefore of the first quality of Sea-Island cotton landa will at once OKtnh. , li.sh a stand ird, by which all on which are " grown the same varieties of cottton can b" judged. The same benefi s will result from analysing the toils in wh ph other .crops are culhvirt?'d. But will die analysis of-the soils, of E'listo' Island benefit oor friends of S-. John's Berkly, or elsewl?cre ??much, for they will, by it, become acquainted with the component parts of the best soils for growing Sea Island cottons in* and by analysing their own, they can ift c<i<ce ascertain ihe d.fFt.rcncp, and how near, by ndm xtures, or application of manures, they can approximate. But to P'turn to the culture of cotton in St. John'-s BMfkly. Tn? soil of the Middle St. Johns h a light h?ain, while rhat of Upper John's itt so light, -ilmr it may almost be termed sandy. It is seldom tl.ot a selected for cotton in this Parish, is cultivated in any <>t'i r crbp. The selection being generally made on account of the supposed adapt ion oi'thesod to this particular plant or the locality of toe livid Small fields-are sometimes alternated, but the lufge, scarce ever Ml of the crops, however, (cotton corn, and pototoes.) ore planted in lands 4 feet apart, so hat whenever anv change is madeiu the culture of o field, the labor of urejMirntion is not increased, by having to level down and re-form new beds at an alered dts artce. As soon as the crbp has been ginned, preparation is made fp^ plant injf. and each planter endeavors to hive his fi' Ids ready by the g5ih of March. Most of the planters adopt the plan of placing the manure und- r the 1st, or ra her they strew i between the rows, and iben fbrm a list which of course mixes the manure, cotton 8'a'ks, weeds, grasses, lind earth (forming the lis:) well together. A very small bed is made on tins, which is gradually Increased in width, (bu: not height,) at each working Som-s however, prefer to make the bed ut once of the size intended, and endeavor to keep it thus throughout the season. The. line in tins and the subsequent opera ions is the principal instrument used. The plough if used hi all, is only employed !o break up the alleys. Formeily tint "skimmer" was much used, but from some cause which I could not lenrn. it has been laid aside.? From the *20 n March to Is: April, the crop is planted. Tim holes aro not made us formerly, by the boo, but by what U termed a dibble; made from a 2 1-2 inch plank.6 mel?'s wide, ai d tapered to a half inch, at. the bottom, whilst the upper part is formed into a handle. Across this, a groove is cut dagoninllv, into which a lath or thin piece of board is fixed, which can be readily adjusted to different d.stances, and is of such length as to touch the grobnd when tltc dibble is struck in:o the bed, and marks the spot where the next hole ts *o be made.? The usual distance is from 20 to 24 inches and it is supposed that two hours is gained by using ;l?e dibble in the place of the boo. Tne thinning commences at the second work ng, is continued at the subsequent and com peted, by the time t{ie plants arc six inches high?ono stalk only being Jefi in each hole. Of course e ich planter endeavors to keep his fields os clear of grass as possible, and hoes as often as he-can, which however is seldom more titan five times, Tlic crop is usually laid hy, from the 20th to the 2Stb July?but we find that the opinion of some of the best planters, is ui favour of laying it by, by the 1st of Julys even though it be a li'tle grassy ; working it later, they think, increases the grtnatb, and prevents tho pod* from maturing, la hoeing, some incrcav* ihe*s:2e of their beds gradually, whilst .a'lvw* aro careful to to ; perform this operation that no ceuf surface ! is expose*?, by which tl.ey have less ?rass m. * / " *? r. "' NUMBK^^^ . * ' mass*?1 1 . ? * lo contend with, ns nearly ?!! ri bin ger* minnimg distance*, springs up nod is dc. p st rdyed in lh" workings. As sonnua from 15 to 20 lbs can be.picked, (wlia^fi it * usually hy' the first week in Septembtr,) *v some hands ore sent in : no task is given in picking cotton, though they generally arc. age.from 90 to 100 lbs. wInu the pods are well open, Three of .Dr. Rnvenal's negro*** * last faU, yoked in Spptumbsr*48 , 140, a' d^ 142 lbs. each,"/I'll?cotton is spread oyMti the fieid <u it m pj&afJ, ^h*trQ9|( 4?? on the hc.i fluid. , ft isrTjj^ft 'Itousdd Wind wapted fori ho gin, w lien it fe passed through fhewjjipper to free It from: dirt, md ^this ^ opewiou is tepeatfid h?mt it is: clVor it of broken seeds. Somn cf the planters sort and pick their cot on belbro it passes through tho gin, which renders the labour of iuo iirg it much less. Genera.1* ly, however, nothing is done to the cotton until it h-ts been ginned, which operation is mos ly.done in'this Parish by the loot* gm?on some plantations, in conjunction with Parries' gin. woiked hy horso power, which is considered '.lie best, yet used, and and gits out from 250 to 800 lbs, per diem, The urernge proluct in this Parish does not exceed 100 lbs. per acre, except when manured; the average on manureI land-is ?uppoti*d to 150 lhs. U wards of 250 lbs. have been# inajje on sixty acpes. We have, in the above, given tho otitdine of (he culture os practised in thrs parish, and will notion a few particulars morn in detail. We have stated thut no rota, lion is. followed,nnd one of the strongest reasons nssij&cd, -(and one not readily tio over) is. that the thrco principal crops (cotion, corn and potatoes) are cuhi* vatcd in sikh unequal quantities, that h ro* ' tutton with these is out of the question, and no other.crops at prevent offer suMhnt inducement*. But id. hough no rota'ion at present can be established,, yet Hin crops grown on some of* the small fields are at times alternated, it has been found that cot:on and corn can be cultivated, by tho aid of manure, for an ind. finite period, on tho same soil, without diminution of-pro* duct, yet potato* s cannot no matter what quantities of manures, may bo applied.? C>rn succeeds, as is well known, admirably after potatoes, hut for years, it was believed that-cotton could not be-successfully grown. This, however, was an crrror which is now happ.Iy corrected. It only /requires, us Major I'orchrr has fu9Ky hyertained, that ttic ground be bedded up, very early, (soy in J.rnftiiry) Sothnt the beds way consolidate, a& U?ts cuu?? of tho roffon*a dying appears to be connected with the loosener of the soil ; the more compart the b?il h the better wid lie tlm s?iid,M nnd the sooner t reaches the hard ear.h under tlm bed, the sooner will it prow off. Hence the reason for small bed*. This is directly at vnrianca with the praciice pursued on tlio S'jn Islands, but of their cult-urn wo hope li* renf. tor to give some interesting details, nnd will not here enter mho any comparison. Many cxpor mi nts were related to us, going to show that corp and cotton may bo grown G>r years con*culively on the same fiel i, xviiiiout deterioration or diminution, when proper ,quint?t:e? of mnnrrrcs buvo been applied, in fact, that old fields have begn actually restored to what i-? supposed to have been their original fertility. S? v<th1 wi re meiilioti'd to us, but wo do no find the quantities of cotton staled hut ii^hree instances, one a field at Mexico, *ajcr Porcher**) which has b?*en cultivated with, out rest, t rice 1801, and wddom planted in any o her crop than cotton, yielding tits J.ist y*r 17<3 l'?*. |?er acre. The other is the field of Mr. Thomas W. Poreher, already- alluded to, which produced 170 Ids. per acre. Dr. RnveuePs fields, which have been in the oul uro oi cotton ftir years has also materially improved, the average, the last year, being 150 lbs. per acre. The manure most relied on, and the only one in f l : a t __ ..! . tucr, wu:cn nasi ueen u.H?ia in any qtianmn a in rhe compost, made, ns we have already stated, by hauling into the sables, eow, hog and sliecp pens, the leaves gathered in tlm woodw, where they remain until sprat# arid are then carted out.# Of this, from 250 to 300 bushel basket's full, are considered sufficient for on acre of cotton. Plaster of Parts has been used with decided (.fleet by Mr. H. VV Ravonnland Mr. S. G. Devenux but unfortunately the experiments hove not been repeated, nnd were not made wkh tlmt ucouracy which enables us to judge of Us relative value. Wc hope, to have tho the pleasure of giving to our renders soma fur her experiments with Plaster hereafter, hereafter. Various ot!u;r manures havu been tried ; such ns awnmp mud, fowl mud, dung, cotton seed, &c. We conversed with no one who had experimented with the first, but understood that it was but little used, it not havng been generally fbund beneficial. Perhaps this has been owing to its having Wn taken Tresh from ti?o swamp, and applied to the crop. AH the experiments we-have ever made with swamp mud, went to prove that it could not be sd? I ? J .>. t,n#l k<nn urt.A. VUMlUg<<JU?IJ USCU UHICSI II IINU it HI v?(>w sed for some time to the uction of rthc atmosphere, or was corrcctod. by tlitffedmix, ture of !fm?. We would suggest to oyr friend* of St. John's (especially thjttfcUpp** part, where) the wxl is so very.iighQwieth. er a most excellent imiiat on of rixi marsSi mud, which has kucn found of sych immense benefit to the cotton crop* of the Sea1 &Jandsv could not he made by adding to th^ mud taken from tha-6wamp*,a small quan. tity of lime or mefi nod of salt, the letter perhaps in the greatest ffpoofon, We hope (bat some of the Plentew wilt make some small e*px'u$cm# wLh 4 a&w* - 5 * ? J ~ .} *, ' * - ^