Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, May 15, 1840, Page 106, Image 2
A U V
% jjnyttggjBccri g
I rJ oo very suddenly to hitch up four poor, f
bony, g tlfet! jades, to an old chaise, whose !
v heels ore none. of therm matches,-but gath- j
cred indiscriminately from several old ina
chines of a hke character, thai stood in the J
yard ; but being hitched, and having taken j
hi their lumber,?which consisted of a j
I'rencli cook, b. t!y servant and other pnru*? j
phemaliu of an Lnglish Lord's travelling
post,?the postillion cannot, for lus life, ins )
duce his team to go forward?the fir 'hind j
horse stands "immovable except to kick?he '
9 halioes, the nag kicks ! he whips, the nag j
kicks ! till completely exhausted it ceases >.
kick or hold back, but s'ands perfectly !
passive?then lie is represents I as exclaiming.
in a tono of the greatest exultation,
Wrll ?lnnr?. Ivnockv. 'lis I that can com.
pass any horse, let lone a mnr<"\ which this
is, or t'would never be so ybstiuate."?
From, this and similar scenes represt-nted
by her, we may infer that it *as evid ntly
the opinion of this acute and impartial observer
of nature arid nature's works,
thjjt, although site bestowed more patience
and endurance of f-?tigue on some of her
females, yet with these ut ribu'es, in very
many instances, both in the brute and hit*
mart crontion, she bes'owed also a vast
portion of self, willed per terseness?And if
furthe r evidence was need doftiic tru h of
my position as it regards the human family,
we have innumerable instances in the writings
of Walter Scoif, and, in leed, in the
Sacred Scrp'uros. Then why should not
The position hold goo 1 as to the whole of
nature's works? Entirely given up to
"wassel, to w ine and women" as Burns is
supposed to have been," we should not cont^di-r
him as one to whose jtfdgment much
confidence could he uttuched, whin he
says that Nature tried her "p*"011''00 hand
?>n man, and then made the lassies' O/"
Thfrfas we began, we end, Jefall pureha.
s rs beware of such mares os have once
been spoilt, or rfre vicious in their ternper6
! ^
Tour?, M.
Virginia, Jan. Slh, 1849.
SILK CULTURE.
Frojn the Farriers' Register.
REVIEW,
MAI80N RUsTIQUR, D17 XlXO 8IECLS. Paris
? aofl ,
I oou.
Art.? Education dc Vers a-Soie.
' The "Maison Rustiqu'*," a French work
in four largo volumes, contains ihe latest
European treatise on silk culture that we
have seen. The writers of the different
parts of the tre.itise on the rearing of silk,
worms, to which our remarks will be con.
fined, ire Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, Bonafijos,
Chapel a in, and Deby, whose names
are subscribed to their respective portions.
We were curious to search in this rreotise
for the latest opinions and practices on this
subject. We shall present merely such
views as differ from earlier or established
authorities, or such pnssnges as may exhibit
any thing of novelty, passing over the
greater portion of the treat se where there
is general ngreemcnt between the writers
ami their most respected predecessors.
The dimensions and plan of a magnanif.
re, or cocoonery as termed in this country
is given in detail, and with a figure of the
horizontal plan, which prevents the possi~C
nt,at-.lra r\Ctint ?111f?r,r'>j mrnninff
?*!?? JT Ml IlilOlH^ VI IMV "W. w ... "...p,.
The plan shows an apartment of 30 feet
long, 18 wide, and 12 feet high, inside mea
sure.* There are 4 rows of shelves, (running
across llio smaller diameter,) of 5 feet
width, and 12 feellenglh. The shelves are
in tiers of 2 feet apart, and of course 5 tiers
of shelves, or 6 counting as the lowest shelf
the floor brnea'b. These selves, includ.
ing the same space of floor benenth them, amount
to 1420 square foot; and this space
the author (Deslongchamps) says isenough
in accommodate,iu the last aget the worms
from 6 oz. of eggs which is 240 square fcei
for each otjnce. fie says elsewhere that?
" In almost all the countries where s>lkculiure
is usual, the ounce of eggs does not
make but four-fifths of that of Paris, or
j*oids de marc ,* the ! alian ounce is still less,
containing but 89,103 eggs, according to
D-mdolo; that of the south of France is alK)ut
40,000, and that of Paris is verv near
40,000. "j
it ts this latter weight (poids de marc) that
is used throughout. Then, if all the worms
were raised, (which he supposes to be in an
ounce, and as we think incorrectly) there
would be 208 worms to the square foot, (and
one-sixm or me worms oemg on ine floor;;
or if half that qurmti'yorily be reared, there
would still be 104 worms to the square foot;
a number nearly double of what is deemed
safe by culturists in this country.
- Next, it is to be observed that the passages
between the rows of she lves arc only 2 feet
wide, or less than h;?if the proportional with
usually deemed requisite, the shelves being
us vv4de us five feet. It is true that the tiers
These measures of length, and all used in
our translated extracts, are French. The
French foot is equal to 1.07 very nearly, of the ,
American foot. Twelve inches make the French
fout, And 12 lines the inch.?Co.
t This statement of weights is incorrect.?
Supposing that Dandolo'a quantity of silk-worms'
egg.* (quoted above by tho French author) is
correct, thit is, 39, 163 to the Milanese ounce,
the following will be the numbers of eggs to the 1
French ounce, and also to the English or A;ner- !
icao.
39,163 eggs to the Mi'anqpe ounoe (=420.298 ;
English grains.)
41,033 44 14 Paris oz , 1G to poundpoidsde I
mare, (*472.5 Eng. grains.)
40,771 * " English or American oz.,
avoirdupois, (=437.5 grains.) j
The value of the Milanese ounce is calculated i
by the table in the original work of Daudojn (4:b f
Ed); those of the Paris and English weights i
arc taken from the tableau Ure's 'Dictionary of!
Chemistry '
Tue weights of various small parcels of egg* i
given fr<>m our own counting, at page 25 of.
Farmers' Register, exceeded the above considcra*
h'y, there being ofthe most of the kinds, betwocn
37 and 38,UU0 to the avoirdupois ounco, whereas
uccording 10 Dandolo, thero should bo 49,771.
The diflfcreoco probably was caused by his samples
being cf well washed and perfectly clean
egg% while ours were merely scraped from tho
cloth, and retained nearly all the dried glutinous
(natter, which serves to make them adhere so
closely to the cloth whereon tfyoy arc laid.
E t> t ' .K !
of shelves ??re Hjthcopart thnn usual in the
Unito.J States, (being 2 feet one above the
other,) but considering that the floor serves
fur the lowest tier, this distance of the shelves
lessens the evil of crowding but little.
We are far from advising such contraction
of space as recommended in this
treatise. But proceeding as the recommendation
dues from a writer distinguished
for his intelligence nnJ his long continued
devotion to this subject, and having much
practical experience, it may be fairly inferred
that if narrow passages between the
wider shelves were so very dangerous as
supposed in this country, Deslongchamp?
would at least have been able to suspeci
the existence of the evil. It should howevei
be remarked that the small size of his build
ing, compared to those planned in this coun
try, nnd the consequent near supply anc
free entrance ol ihe outer air, the windows
| must b'j bettor for ventilation, than passage:
; of rrifrie th i widih of Ids in an apartment o
| 100 feet by 30, or more. We fear mucl
I fnr tin; results of rearing worms in tic
J largo s'z'.-d buildings which are pref?:rre<
I by the mos: zealous beginners in thi3 coun
try.
j M. D r?lon?cJumps was the fiist persoi
i in E .rope (though not in Amerca) wh
; recommended several successive crops c
I si.'k-^orms in the sam.' season, by retardinj
| the hatching of tgus for the hv.tcr crops.?
} His first views on this practice wro trans
| l'at-d for and published in the Farmers
j Register, at p* 3bl,vol. iv. This subjec
i he has doubtless inves:iga:ed and urged wit
| all tho ardor of one claiming a new un
j important discovery, and aiming to main
| tain its value by conclusive experiments, i
J opposition to tile opnions of all the seientifi
i ; s well as the merely pructicul rulurists.U
is therefore more interesting to hear th
latest opinions of this writer, Thesyster
i ofsuccesslve and retarded broods is univer
| sally acknowledged as safe in this co miry
J arid it is as much and as successfully
J vanecd in practice ns any o her part cflhi
r infant industry-. Rut the proper and sa'
j manner of preserving the retarded eggs, i
| ice-houses, is not settled, and there or
j few who would trust to the entire cxclusio
i of outer air from the eggs, as proposed b
j this writer. Yet, if lie is cor-cct in thi
opinion, it is of great importance that
should be known and acted on. For b
closely stopping up the eggs in glass o
J other air-tight vessels, they would be s?
[ cured from dampness, and m;ght be k"f
i buried in ice, for any !eng h of time, wit
j little trouble, and sale from all sources of ir
jury or loss. Our author says?
'* We may preserve the eggs, and pi
back the time of their hatching, by placin
them in cellars or quarries, of which th
-temperature is low, and varies but little
nnmnrfiiic rmcrimfints in trials f
??I 7? ?
multiplied rearings, to which we have bee
devoted, we havedemons:ra:ed that, in ic<
houses, !he eggs may be preserved at 1h?
all the summer, and during a timo thelim
j of which we have not yet been able to df
^{ermine. In every case, in order to guar
i4he eggs frotn the influence of moisture, it i
: essential that the cloths to which they ac
hore should be plated in glass or e irthe
: jars, of which the mouths should be scale
! so as to he perfectly air-tight."
j Of the choice ofeggs, in general, and th
j causes of injury from their bad quality, th
j author thus speaks :
j ,4 To havo productive rearings of silk
worms, the first thing necessary is to procur
; good eggs. Those produced by each cul
turist should be considered by him as th
best, boon use that he is sure of their quale
and condition, and :h?t sometimes lie woul
be dt ceivcd in that respect in buying fror
other persons. However, when unprovi
d* d, it is prop"r, in procuring eggs, to ol:
tain them from the region most udvanfn
geonsly known in rcgird to the silks the,
fljrnish to commm'Tce."
The last words ore but another mode c
expression for the region where silk.worm
thrive besh and aro most healthy and pro
ductive. This recommendation is vcr
important to this country especially, wher
j so many new beginners will be obi ged t
| provide their.first stock by purchase un
j from unknown or doubtful sources,
j There is a ridiculous opinion general!;
existing and operating in Europe, whirti
j litis author as weil as his enlightened pred
| ecessors have condemned?that is, that if
every ioca'ion it is necessary to change th
j eggs of s i!:-worms, from time to time fo
! olhers raised elsewhere. Ou this heuc
i Doslnngchamps says?
"This prejudice could only have origina
I t' d in the districts where suitable car/! i
| not given to the worms ; for it is undo
1 such circumstances only that the eggs ea;
degcoera'e, They may also be improve i
[from a degenerate condition] up o a err
tain print, by good care. Thus, in 1824
! *ome silk wor ns fed on leaves of the rc<
mu'herrv [murm rubra,the indigenous mul
berry of America] made cocoons of whirl
j the hundred weig!v*d but 1 oz. 6 gros.*?
| The eggs of these cocoons having beet
[ preserved and hatched, we succeeded so fti
in regenerating and improving the stork
that in 1827 the worms descended front
them made cocoons of which the 100 weigh
ed 1 oz. G gros 24 grains ; and in 1829
100 cocoon?, stiii of the same ra?e, weighec
6 ox. 4 gro$."t
This last purflgrnph presents several curious
facts, which inny he very useful Ij
applied by the practical cul urist. But wc
have no faith in the utter condemnation o
the morns rubra (our indigeneous red mul.
berry,) which is implied in the author*.'
words, and in which he but accords with
Q*Thc gros is the eighth part of the French
ounce. Of the French pound (poids de marc]
92.C4 aro equal to 2C0 lbs. avoirdupois, American
weight,
The French pound in American grs, = 75C1
American pound = 70?9
The French ounce = 472.5
American ounce = 437.5
The French pound and its parts aro used
throughout the extracts from the French work.
Ed.
t Tho Paris pound of the lightest of these
crops contained 914 cocoons, and of the heaviest
many oilier au'horities. We admit fully f
lhat this tree is much inferior to the whi:e s
mulbcry, on 1 s^jU more so to the morus '
nrrulticoulia, for furnishing food to silk worms, i
But the inferiority is not so great as to pre ! '
vent the worms tending on it Innrilv, r-ncl ( <
.their forming good cocoons and good silk.
n o
"This wo have long -go and repeatedly 1
asserted, and nor r< p at our advice to all I
who may poss-ss tins tree only, to plant n >
i b'-tter kind, hut not war for its growth and i
product before commencing their f eding t
t operations*. In addition to otb r fac s and :
; proofs and formerly advanced by us in this '
i journal, wo will adduce another of later
t occwrrenc'. In the family ot Col. C. II un- t
* j bhn of II li'ax county, N. C. silk-worms <
. had heen reared successfully in 1837 and
1838 exclusively on I aves of the common
11 red mulberry, and without a doubt hemg
, raised as a food being altogether su'tabh*. 1
s The daughter of tint gen'Ieinan, now Mr<.
f Me!faur,con inued in P't'-rsburg, last year
) this employment which she had gained (
2 some experience of at her former residence 1
i She raised las' year a brood of about
- 30,003 sdkworms, under all the disadvantages
of a town locadon, confined space,
n and gr ady d ificulty in obtaining food for
u the wo?*ms ; and yet with as much success,
>f ?U least, in regard to <h t health of the worm*
? asd the quali y of 'heir products. as in anv
- case that wo have known. The leaves
>' used were almost entirely of the rpd mul
i' berry. The worms wro perfee ly healthy,
t the cocoons of good quality, and we hove
h seen the silk reeled from them, (bt a negro
d girl who had learn' d h? home, and who used
i- a reel made bv a plantation negro enrpenn
ter,) and it is of excellent quality, both as
c to material and mwrifieture. Mrs. Matmur
- even prefers the leaves <>f this despised tree
e to any o her, because they keep fresh long* r
n than any others after b' inir gathered ? n I
' no doubt also being prejudiced in lava r of
} what she had experience of only, and uh c;
I- had served so \ve|f. And though we an*
s sure that this preference is misplaced tli *
e very fact of its being entertained, after the
n experie; ee of threo seasons, is a strong
e proof that the value of the native tree is '
n much grea'er than is generally supposed.
y "The eggs naturally and spontaneously
is begin to hatch when the temperature has
it bit? n main ained for about 15 days, at
y from 55 to 59 degr-us Ftfrenheit. But then
>r the worms come forth at diderdRt times
?. during many successive week", and there
>t would be no means of making the rearing
h regular or profitable. To obviate this
j. inconvenience, lite eggs sliould be kept at
the lowest possible tempera ure un:i! the
it time when the buds of the mulberry trees
g begin to open ; then the eggs should be
e gradually brought ro a higher temp ratine
. for hatching," &r.
)f We pass bv the directions lor the artificial
n be it necessary to bn used in Eurone for th<i
hatching, as that is altogether unnecessary
st in our bette r climate,
it In the general directions for feeding and
management at the commencement ofencti
d age, the weights and sizes of the worms arc
is stated, as follows.*
I- " Tne silk worm, at the moment of its
n coming forth from the egg. is 1 1-4 lines
d in length, an I weighs 1-110 of a grain,
| pot us ue nun t,.
^ "Immediately afte- the first moulting
e begins ?he 8"coii(] age; the worms are
3 1 2 fn 4 lines in length, arid weigh 1-8 to
_ 1 5 of a grain."
e "Measured nnd weighed immediately
,? after changing tln-ir skins, the worms hi
it commencing their th-rd age are 7 lines in
V length, and weigh each, one gram."
J At the beginning of the fourth age, they
n ate one inch in length, an J they w?-igh 4
j. grains."
>. "In b g nning the filth age they are from
i_ *20 to 24 lines in l *ngt!?, and weigh fiom
y 14 to 17 and even 20 grains."
And when at the greatest size, and about
,f "to commence spinning, "their l? ngth is geniK
erally 30 lines, [3 Fren-h inches.] and
i- with sonic it is even 40 lines ; their weight
v g' morally is fir >m 72 to ho grains ;u?<l .soin< times
100 grains or mop'."
0 Tn<' reader m applying dose and nfhnr
ij French weights an I measures, should w*t
forge* ihat lh" value of each r'enominn ion
V pound and ounce, or of fioo\ inn1' and line,
ii h litt1'* ex-reeds that of the sum-' d -nomin ?
!. lion of this eoun ry.
n Tnese weig ts and measures may be
f> usefy for eonip rison, to >be young eultu.
r rist. From figure, given of ihe perfect
|, cocoon, it appears that the worm spoken of
is the kind that produces the "pea nut co
. coon." This is also important to be known
s as there are very different sizes of worms
r of trie different var eties, as well as of the
t, healthy and unhealthy stocks of each va[j
riety or kind.
"If all the epochs of the rearing have
,f been pnss"d through su cessfullv, an ounee
J of eggs may produce 100 or even reach !
. 120 or 130 pounds of cocoons. But sue i i
1 products as the las' uro very rare; lor if .
. often enough happens that there is not
i obtained more than 80 or 70 pounds. As i
r to the cocoons hemselves, they are very J
| fine when 250 260 weigh a pound. poids de j
j marc. I: results from observations made
during many years in tie* region long I?*votod
to s Ik-cuituro, that there are* gnod creeps
j of cocoons made when the winds have pro
vailed from the north during the lives of
. the worms, and that they have been hut 1
r middling, or bad, when, during the* same
. time, the winds have blown often from
I south, or southwest."
The silk region referred to in this pas
j sape, of course, is the south of F ramie ; '
, and there*, from :lv north, blows the land or 1
Jry wind, and from the south, ;hi* mo'st I
i wind from the Mediterranean, and from the (
I north-west, that from the Atlantic ocean.?
1 YVe are well assured that ;h re is not a j
grca'cr difference between prevah'nee of 1
ihe best and the worst of these different '
winds in France, than there is in favor of I
th** average dryness of the air in the United '
S ates, and that of the hi st silk region of f
France. A most striking proof of this as- j
^*255 to the French pound would be tho same 1
as 242 to the American pound.?Ed. 1 i
;ertion ?? presented in the following tabular hr
statement of the proportion of losses of .is
vortns sustained in 39 roarings, ortip iroiJ u|
x\ h 'he very incons derabie looses ot e
ci-orms sustained in most rehrings in tins
rooriry.
*?T'io space required by the worms [from
in ounce of eggs,] and flip qmntiy of
eaves they will rat, depend m only upon ?
ho number of worms, [kept ?d.v<- to maturi
y.} md 'hat number itself is according 10 q
ilio health o! die worms, which I p<nds not ^
solely upon the care taken of them by the
culturist, (which. it is true, he can regulate
well or*ill.) hut still more upon the state of \
the xternal atmosphere, whieii-it is always j r*
d.fficulf, noi to say impossible, to modify |1,1
the influence of upon the Ulterior of th"i"
feeding apartment. It may thence be inf r- ?l
red that if is d ffieul- to foresee f h?- quantity va
nf inarms that onp-ipill !osk in the course of tu
... ? l- _
n re.-, ring; for, however for uiinto it may b'-, < to
[here will always worms die, from one cause' 0ic
uraiioher. D uidolo appears to have achievfd
a degree of success unknown b? fore 'lis
In Dors ; hut we should prohahly err if suppo- |n
sing that it was easy to equd his results cj
The proofof this is, that in maki g rearing*
of not large qu inity, an I in which, conse
quen ly, (oil other ehancs b-ing rqtnl,) ii
is most easy to obtain success. notwithstnn- at
din;-;, it rrry lie se< n how variable have been In
the results of 39 reaiing*."
44 In 7 ofthese broods we have had a loss
of one-batf ihe worm*.
"In 3, of two.fifths. 0f
44 13. of one-:bird. m
14 8. of one fourth. 8l
4 4. of one.fifih.
, .in
44 1. of one-sixt?. ' .
44 1. of one S(,v?'n.h.
44 1, of one-eigh'h. 1,1
44 1. ol one-ninth." '
If tlie<e 39 broods were nil of equal S'Z
and e.ich repres nted (forillustration) by die ai
number 100, the entire loss aliovc suited ol
woul I be as 1236 of the oiiginal qu ?nt-ty io V
3900, or a loss ol nearly one.'lnrd, on a gen-- ri
e nl average. We are sure that an av? rage p
loss of even h d,* this amount in Virginia,
would be considered so dis istrous as to Irigli. ^
ten the most zealous young culturist from y
tue business. Vet, tli? se ?r uls being of iy
small broods, and carefu ly a tended io, (as v
may be inferred from In ir being so cure, y
fully observed,) doubtless t!?e rate of (j
loss must have hp.-n |es^ than in the gen. w
era I business oper.tions of silk.cul ure w
throughout France. Thus, the author pro. 0
Cee-'s, immediately afer the above passage : L.
4A' Cordiog to ihis stut^nvnt, when 'h'* c
proceeds with 10 ounces of eggs, for exam- jj
pie ilie quantity of worms to be lodged and tj
f d during ihe fifth age may vary frori, ten<
to fifty and oven a hundred thousand. if the
total loss is one fi-ib, or on?* fotir'iii. or one
third, or e\m half, the wnirh in e,rral re >r
hi*s is what h ppens the most frequently,,
YV? * ill Hose this no'iro w ill two oi) j
S' ivitions On ih last staternen s of lie au- (j
thor, f??r tee purpos* ol applying his farts o
to the operations of sdk-cuiturc in tins ^
conn ry. s<
F'rst. We do not consiJer tliaf. as yet, p
even n single 'uil anil complete, ami amu ^
ra.ely observed ami reported experiment of ^
rearing silk-worms has fx-en made in the ^
Uii.tcd States, even on a small scale ; nor '
have til re b-en any operations suffitr'ently
regular, extensive, nnd Ion*: established, to
||
show the ne| profit to be noun ed on from
t ie business. Bodi these things we tiope ^
and exp- ct will be done during this now ^
coming season, and, thereby this new oil ^
tine lie firmly slab islc'd. But wil??ot|i
c ann i g that any thing has v?'t b 'en done, ''
. ||
except to oi l kin and d.fTuso light and in
struct on on the subject, there can lie no
question of t'us impo'taut fact having hoen (j
ascertained that silk-aormsare incompura- j
!*! I It I ? lorn tliifi in P r in<?o un<l Hint
Itiy IK.'ll111 * I II |' i?g * *airv?> f nil iiiiii | j
a loss of worms fa-re which would be eon- I
sidc-nd not incompa'ibl" with an unusual j.
degree of sue c?s, would here bean tinusii.il
loss, and indeed warcely possible,
wiih proper and profitable care us.-d
throughout. This immense nilvmajje. '
caused b. our drier climate, is more than
enough to outweigh all our disadvantages ^
on the score of higher-priced labor, even if j
there were in truth as much difference in }
th.it r .speet, as 3 most erroneously alleged j
if men or o her abie minds were lured to
pluck loaves and feed worms, we agree,
there would be a gr-at d fTerenee m the cost ^
of Amer can and French or Italian labor.
B it our infirm and idle slaves will furn sh
labor i-v- n cheaper tnan the Heapes in
Europe, because its wliole expense must he, ()1
and now is, paid for wb tll'T employed or
idle.
Secondly. When a loss of one.half, or
one-fourth, or even one ninth (die smallest t
loss r? ported in the 39 trials in France,) ol 111
a brood of worms occurs, and from causes
opera ing on the whole b nod, the damage di
cannot be cnihil- d '.o merely those whteh sj
die, nor does the numb r measure tie- in
proporlio of l..ss. . Where so many die a
from nius-'s m-ing on ' II. it necessarily tj,
follows thai aV must have suffered greatly;
an l 1l1.1t 1 he surviving worms either cost rt
mu' li more in food, in care, and in nine, or o"
made less ultimate product, than would
have been from the same number in good
lu-alln and vigor. And further, it may be
fairly deduced from the general existing ar
slate of things reported of France, that
Hverv exis im? s ock of worms has b< cmtie c>
more or l^ss dej?rn *r;re, nnd continues to oc
transmit hereditary feebleness of consti ution,
or disease, because <v<ry prec? d ng
generation ol progenitors had been more or di
less enfeebled and degraded by the delete ce
rious elT et of a bad climate. The stocks t(J
produced from such eggs brought to this
muritry nnd brr d Irom such eggs brought
o ilnsc entry and bred from, have gener. ;,r
illy b -en made still worse bv the h'Tetofoi' nt
ignorant and careless managerr.ent. I3u J<
with correct views on this subject, nnd w
proper c ne, and availing of iliu unsurpassed
icaltny clima'e of (rsperinlly) the southern
{tat- s, and with the remarkable quality of .
he sdk-worm to receive nnd transmit ^
lerediiary vigor, as well as feebleness an t
iisense, it seems likely that these insects ^
ivill become individttully nooro productive
re than tlvy Iiave ever yet been in Europ
woll as bri g more profitable on th
hole business.
FARMERS' G A Z EfV;f E.
FRIDAY, MAY 15. 1840,
We return our lit inks to the [Ion. Jo,,
impbcll ar.?l ;h" Hon. Thomas D. Sumfe
r various public documents.
Gleanings op Husbandry.?We hav
Ccivcd the first No. of a periodical withth
le, edited by M. llolbrook, M. D. of Augusi
a. It is published monthly, at the low pri<
one dollar per annum, and promises to be
luable acquisition to the member of Agricu
ral papers of the country. Persons wishin
see the first No. can do so by calling at ot
Bee.
Congress.?From the 4th to the 7fh ins
>;h Houses had a recess for the purpose <
caning out lite halls, changing the carp?i
:c. The House has since finally passe
e appropriation bill, with the sligl
nendmonisof the Senate. We see not!
g else worth noticing in the report oceedings.
Sikk Worm Eoos.?For the iuformatit
our readers, we continue the adverts
etit of Air. Pleasants, offering to supp
lk worm eggs. Persons who plant*
orus mulricaults cuttngs this spring w
*ve foliage enough in the course of the sun
ier to feed worms for a first experiment.or
this purposp we think eggs might safe
3 conveyed by mat! from Mr. Pleasants
ny part of tiie C irul'ius in the neighborly
[ a daily, or evep tri.weekly line of stage
Ve procured some ounces from him in Fe
jary; but not being ready for feeding, v
:tarded their hatching by keeping them
well where the temperature was 51 tl
n*'S. When exposed they hatched finel
Ve are also ind'bied to the politeness
Ir. Pleasants for some parcels of rare ni
alunble kinds mailed on the 11th.' Apr
Ve received them on the 15th and exposi
e m immediately in our cocoonery whi<
ruifnot artificially warmed. One pare
'Inch had been taken out of the ice hou
n tlv 24th. March and k?*pt in a cc
el for I'll the time when they were maile
ommenced hatching on tlie 20th. Apr
ve days after they were received; b
te last did no? hatch till (be 28th. thou;
:l finally hatch d, and the worms are doii
u'll. Toe o her parcels commenced liatc
ig, one on the 20th, one on the 27th and oi
n tiie 29th. These all hatched mc
euulilully, the gn atri part on the secor
iy of lunching, and nearly all the remm
or on the third. It will be observed til
f t ose taken from the ice house two da;
lore they wre mailed n<-no hutch*
noon' r than six'oen days nfier that lim
Iggs would probably hatch in sonewh
liort' r time during tin* heat of summer.Itir
worms from the eggs p ceivrd f o
lr. Pl?a.ian?s are a!) doing remurkab
?lh
VVe some weeks since copied the test
ii.ny of the punnets' Register to il
huracter of Mr. Pleasants, and no
ik" .he Utterly of copying a couple of sei
rices from a private letter of the ro.spec'.i
In i d> or of that able and most excrlle
e iodical. T'ey are as follows: WY<
toy irust to Ins (Mr. LVs) statemen
nd recommendation, urid to his carefi
ess nn<l judgement, with entire con
nee." And in another part of the sin
iter: "I lunk yon may trust wi hout f)
any eggs-that Mr. Pleasatrs w?li s? i
) )ou or any other order, no matter ho
He.*'
We know of no oflt'T place where eg<
lay b?? ob Dined w ith such certainty ol tl
urehnsei's know ng what lie gets. Vei
Hilly of the eggs sold last year prov'
orse than worthless, and the same w
oubtless prove to he the ense this year.t
is very important o those commencii
ie silk culture to procure good eggs to b
in with.- Oherwis" it is impossible f
icm to succeed. And it is iniportn
nt only that the eggs be from n henlil
ock but t at they be uls j from a goi
i iety of worm.
The "Natchez Free Trader," states th
wing to the n gleet of the Legislature of Mi
ssippi to provide funds to meet the cngag
ents of the state, it is doomed to suffer pr
" ,1 in London, on bills payable, before t
xt session of the Legislature, amounting
1 Lo o496,710. This together with the .ii
tfence manifested by the Legislature of Pen
Ivania, at its recrnt session, towards roee
gthe engagements of that state must infli
s* verc, if not a fatal blow upon the credit
ie states abroad.
Among the different Jacobincal theories
form which we have recently seen advance
ie is that the state Legislatures have noco
itutional power to contract debts, and the'
erefore, obligations thu3 contracted are m
id ' oid, and ought not to be fulfiled. Tf
eory does nit seem to have been yet vei
itenstvelv adopted but as strange things hai
:cured as if it should bo.
We have received an Extra of she Cunr
in Journal containing a repor-t of ihepr
idtngsof n public mee ing held in th
vvn, on tin- 9 h. inst. on llio subject ofll
xt election of Governor of South Carol
l. 'An nddnss" and resolutions wei
ioj)t''d in favor of iho election of the Ho
>hn P. Richardson. From the "address
e copy a single sentence.
"Col Richardeon in his federal politics
nh the Slate, and sound to the corro II
identified with the grant Southern Ant
ank and Independent Treasury part
id holds llie doctrines of the Old Sta1
ight's party of 1837."
v?
e J After the resolutions follows the Snnox
e I paragraph :
j Col. \V. M'WiHio and Capt. VV. J. Tay*
9 ' lor then address-d the m-'oting in support
of the address an-J resolutions, after which,
ihey were unanimously adopted.
Col. -M'Willie who thus contpicuosly
- identifies himself with nn "Anti-Bank"
n pary is President of the Camden Bank.?
:r VVc no ice the fact only as an instance of
the anomalies of the times. Why may
not the P.esidents of Colleges next be
.^ | le aders of Auti-College parties or the
[a Pre>| lenfs of Agricultural Conventions be
.e l- adors of Ami-Farmers or Anii.Planters
a Societies?
1" _ - '
Thr Administration Meeting in
j- Charleston.-?This meo.ing held on
the evening of the 7tb. was very large enthusiastic
and respectable, "indicating" says
h the Courier "that opposition to the present ad*
5f ministration will scarcely he able to make
ts headway in either the city or state." The
d Mayor was called to the chair. The meeting
t was addressed by the chairman, Col. Memin.'
ger, F. H. Elmore and J. 8. Rhett; On moj
tion of Col. Memminger a comraitte of 25 was
appointed to prepare air address to the public.
The kddfess takes every decidod ground in "
,n favor of the Administration, and concludes with
2- the following resolutions.
ly 1. That the present Administration 'of "the
?(| General Government is entitled to our wafrn ,
est confidence and support for the firmness
11 and resolution with which they have sustained
the great Democratic principles of the Consti?
tution, and the rights which, are guaranted to
.1 - CT .1.
jy me ouuui.
*? 2. Resolved, That the snflnd and enlightened
0 policy which -has been pursued by the Admin- W
id juration to avert the great evils arising fromfc
is. irredeemable Bank paper, and to restore to
b the country a Constitutional Currency, id
founded upon wise consideration of the public
ve good and is entitled to our zealous encourage. *
in mrnt and support.
?\ 3. Resolved, That the uncompromising and
y. determined stand which has been made by the
of Administration against the schemes ef Abo
)(j litionists, evinces its sincere and eaqt?lt re..
gard for Southern Rights, and entitles The
' J President to our confidence and support,
-d 4. Resolved, That in identifying himself with
- h / principles of public policy, so essential to the
id, I true interest of the South, the Hon. Martin
so | Van Buren has entitled himself to its coufil0|
I drnce and support, and as citizens of South
,(| Carolina we pledge ourselves to sustain* bis
re-election as President of the United States.
1' 5. Resolved, That the Hon. John C. Calhoue,
ul our Senator in Congress, is entitled to the
?' hearty confidence and support of his fellow
ig citizens for the ability and zeal with
h. which he has vindicated the principles of
the South, and promoted the best interests of
)St this State, and more especially for the ability
. and eloquence wiih which, in his place in the
" Senate of the United States, unaided and alone,
n" he has represended the feedings and principles
:|t of the Legislature and people of ^outh Caro.
ys line. .J
'd An executive Committee of 30 members
was appointed, and this committee was re.
quested to appoint five Committees of Vigi.
lance, of 100 members each: viz ono for each
m
lv ward and one for the Neck. We will copy the
' address next week.
"" The young men's Whig Convention which
mnt in Rilfiinnpa r?n I ka Afh ana* can ma fr.i n i
IliUk 111 uauilliv/l V Uii bliV 1VII l?4BV| 0VVIUO) "iVIll
i v # #
the reports of ita proceedings published, to
" have been one of the most numerous and en.
thusiastic meetings ever held in the country.
JU The number of delegates is stated at 20,000,
,i8 in addition to whom tnere were supposed to
ij. be 10,000 other strangers in the city.? ^
fi. Every state in the Union was represented,
iv represented, as was also the District of Column
?r bia. They marched in procession, the dclc"
x' gation of each state, and those of many coun.
w ties and cities, having their separate banners ;
the number of banners being TOO* The' pro.
*s cession was two miles long and from 6 to 10
" persons deep. In it were several "logcabins"
r^j drawn by six horses. But we see no mention
|( of "hard cider" except the likeness of a barrel
painted on a banner. Among the invited
,g gnests were many leadiug members of both
Uniiona r\f Pnn/fpace /if fmtm kov
" Iiuuouo \ji vuiigi^Dg f vi viiu liviuivvi now
br Messrs. Webster, Clay, Preston, Crittcndm
nt &c. The convention continued in session two
>y days and numerous addresses were delivered,
^ as well by the most distinguished of the invi.
ted guests as by members.
at We extract the following paragraphs on this
subject fiom correspondence of the Charleston
Courier.
ow After all the vicissitudes incident to "the
poetry" ot-rail road and steam boat travelling,
we arrived in this monumental city on Mon.
,n day morning, in proper season, to join in the
n- celebrated Whig ceremonial. The papers of
n. this city, the reporters from others, and the
>t. people, have all attempted to describe this
inngniricient, this truly interesting spectacle,
ct but no tongue however eloquent, no language
of however expressive, not imagination however
bold, can conceive that reality of feeling, and
0f demonstration f popular opinion. Every State
. and every Territory in this wide and extended
? Union had their delegates here, prepared to
n* vindicate and sustain Whig principles. Ima.
it, gine for a momentjtwenty thousand of the yeo.
jjl manry of the country, animated by a common
cause, simulated by no other than the public
10 interes', desiring to have the constittion con.
T eti ued, as its patriotic framers intended sac.
ce rificmg their domestic duties, leaving their
distant firesides and homes, to offer up hero
upon ono common altar, their prayers for the
safety of the Union. Even this, Gentlemen,
enthusiastic as the picture may be, is but a "{
poor, a faint idea of what we beheld.
nt Another correspondents says:
1R "The best image I can suggert of the en.
!i. tbusinsm of the Assembly, is, by comparing it
to a vast Methodist camp Meeting?but with
this difference, that, instead of ono speaker,
n? there were sometimes twenty at the same
i" ; time. Every hotel, being a political chamber
after dinner was over, and at night, two sets
of speakers being continually in possession of
is au audience of t wenty thousand, till the hour
|e of 12 o'clock. You may judge of the number
and character of the speakers, when 1 tell
you that 1 heard but a scrap ofLegare, not a "
jf' word from Preston, a sentence or two from
j Mr. Clay, nothing of Lcigb or f^ives and yet
they all spoke long and often."
*