Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, May 15, 1840, Image 1
* t
VOLUME V.
??iaecxtm MUV m m. jjchm
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NOTES ON EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE,
BY A CHARLRvToNiAN.
NUMBER THREE.
\heat.
- In my last I gave some rovs on tho ro
' r* -- r? i._:
tatson ot crops in unw Dream,?;i ju uci.
ous mode of culture, which is now adopted
* to a considerable extent in Sweedcn* Denmark,
and the grain growing countries in
the North of Europe. Thus, dx; soil, although
it does not anuoally give the same
kind of product to the cuititaior, is never
idle, but produces in succession of crops
which are often more valuable than wbca.
itself.
As however wheat is not only one of the,
staple articles of Europe, hut also of our own*
country. I propose o devote this arti le to n
description ol the method of culture.
1st. Preparation of the Soil. The
whoa; crop as I hare stated in a former
chapter, usually succeeds the follow crop,
which consis.ed of pnta'o*s, beans, or tur
nips. This fullotfr crop is always richly manured.
Stable manure is in a majori V ol
instances used, and in most soils is preferred.
It is spread on the ft-- ds broad cos: in
the proportion of i w. nty or twenty five tons
to the aere. In about half the cases it is
scattered over the fi -Ids in the i r\rly part of
wmter, and ploughed under in December.
Where time is wanting the manure is not
app'i< d till early in the spring, which, I am
informed, nnsw< rs equally well. Lime is
much used ?n light sandy soils. In some
parts of the coast of Hull uid, where the soil
is poor and sandy, the application of lime
has given a dark, rich colour, to the earth,
which now retains its moisture and produces
abundant crops. On the sandy lands b?*.
tween Berlin and Dresden, rcs'-mbling our
Carolina pine barrens, I noticed, jr us#?d in
some fields with very beneficial efforts.
Sim liar r suits have been pro luced in NewJersey
by the application of lime on bare
sandy soil. Bone dust is much used in
England on light soils. It is generally procured
from the continent. A few mills for
the pur. ose of grinding the bone for manure
exist in England and Scotland, although
they did no: fall under m v notice. A model
of one exists in ihe agricultural museum of
Edinburgh, which was politely exhibited to
nr by Professor Lowe. Toe construction
is very simple : but as I believe i is well un
derstood in the United Slat s, and as I ain
not much of a mechanic, I need not venture
on a description. Toe b ne dust is used m
the proportion of twenty five bushels 'O the
acre ; a greater quantity has not been attended
with any increased beneficial n-su'ts It
is sown broad cast on the land ; sometimes
mix-d with turnip seed. Night soils, a
(very valuable manure,) are limited to the
neighborhoods of towns, a d principally up.
plied to g'rdens. .This "article is prepared
in the vicinity of Paris by a method rendering
ti not in the least offensive. It has lbappearance
of large, dried tricks, which unbroken
up when wanted, and applied to the
laid in the manner of bone dusr.
When the fallow crop has been removed,
the ground is plough d and put in order lor
the reception of wheat: occasionally some
manure is added, but it is in general believed
that the ground is sufficiently enriched for
the en -uing crop. The ploughing is similar
to that of our own country. The wheat is
sown from the middle ;o the end of October,
generally in drills, but sometimes broad
cast. The sowing or drilling of the wheat
does not coniple.e the labour till the time
of harvest, as as is the case in America.
The wheat is regularly hoed between the
drills two or three times, and when the
wheat is about a foot in height, it is carefully
weeded,?hence, we seldom find in
English wheat either cockle, chenr, or the
i r . % . . . ...
Bccas 01 me various weeds with which our
fields are so often infested. Tlie wheat is
usually gathered with the sickle, i saw
no cradles, like those of America, in use.
2ndv Quantity of seed to the Acre.
In this particular I found a great difference
of opln.on between th< British and American
farmer. In this country a bushel of
wheat is usually considered sufficient for an
acre; formerly many persons only used
three pecks per acre. I am inclined to
think, that we have erred in using too liitle
seed. I remember visiting the fields ol u
farmer in New York many years ogo, arid
observed that whilst the heads of whoat
were very fine, the stalks appeared :o stand
very thinly on the ground. He had sown
three pecks to lite acre, and the produce
was nine bushels. I suggested to him the
I .V D CI
CHERA
iMB?MHMMBMWBBBi.lMlX. JLLLilJ ICS
propriety of using a double qoanti'y o
seed. Three years aferwards be sowiv
th" same Geld again, using a bushel and ?
half of seed to the aero,?:;he season one
tillage were similar to that of the fonnei
sowing. He subsequcnt'y informed rm
that' his land this year produced fiheer
bushels to the acre, and that he was now
an advoca'e for thick sowing.
I extract from my notes on English hus.
bandry the followhig quotat'on, which 1
ehher wrote down from the dictation ol
some responsible agriculturist, or copied
from some agricultural journal of England;
I am inclined to think the lafter. I have
reason to believe it is the usual mode ud<>p
ted in England and Seoland.
"On rich lands in good condition when
th- soil is strong loam or clay, and well
drained, two anaa half tod wo nnd thm^
qunr cr-bushels per imperial acre may be
sufficient, of the ordinary varieties. As
spring sown wheat does not tiller well, one
half io three quarters < fa bushel more may
be necessary; but strong clays are not well
a bipted to spring sown wheat, although it is
quite possible that a suitable variety; m?\
be obtained foi that purpose.
" On med'um sods one half bushel more
may he requisite for such season ol sowing,
regulating the qua itity to the quali y and
condition of the soil, and the preceding crops.
When potatoes have been raised in the laL
low division, at least two or three pecks
more may be necessary than aft-r u chain
la low.
44 0;i high nod light lands, wheat, after
fallow, should bo drilled ;n from two to three
inches deep, to pr- vent throwing out in
spring. VV 'ii th.s precaution, ift' c land is
in g"od co-.d ion. I.tile more so d will ho
want' d than on medium ; but on such lands
when? holds bes after grass, and in tlia c ise
requires two or 'liree pecks more seed than
under any o'her circ ims nniv."
A? I have never seen the snlks of wheat
so thieklv crowded together in rriv own
country as in Great Brh.ain, ar;d as their avemge
crop i decidedly greater h in ours I
have ascribed the difference, at least
iri some measure, to ihe greater quantity oi
m> ed usee by the buroprun agruulturKK
alter making due .lioiv.tnees fur the diffr
ence of clunme nn l modes of cuhure, I remarked,
that in Kngland, tu consequence
of this th ok sowing, Metro was lint one stalk
to each gram, whilst in America, uh< re the
seeds were I'.ir:! er separated, (hen* arc'us i
all) side stalls tea of whir.h produce equallv
vveil wi-h the one proceedmg from the gram.
The ad litional quant ty of seed sown is
doubly eompensa ed for, by the greater pro
duct to <lie acre, These, however, snould
be mafers of experiment wit it. us in n clim
ate wtiere our swmm rs are much warmer.
is I urn fully a*are that Inn I* rpay be too
thickly os well as too tbinly sown.
3rd Varieties of Wheat in Eerope.
Boiamss have l?< en much perpl> x< d in ? ?d
avoring to deride on the tru" origin
gin of our varevies wlieat. It is now dilfi *
c.ilt to asecrain what is tlie true triticum
sativutn or common wheat, lit general tin
bearded and b? nf lless wheats are divided
in two species. The former are termed
trilicum htjbernum, or win-er wheat, and the
latter triticum ashcum, or sumnrv r wheat. I
am, however, incl n? d to th nk, that all the
vorietiiw may be included under one species,
as there are no distinctive marks by w ucli
hey can be separated. Under triticum hybcrnutn,{>*r
ins:anee, ar in lu led s veial of
ttie earlier and best varieties of spring
wheat, and under triticum (Bat,turn are ineluded
several, he rded wliea s eq allv
hard), and requiring as long lime to arrive
at maturity as our common winter suits
Indeed, the recent Fr 'iich boianis s have
now referred all the varieties to triticum
sativum. But this is not the place to settle
nee botanical dis mctio is.
Spring wheat is seldom cultivated in
England as a general crop. In every instance
whcie I saw it growing, it appeared
to tnt rather inferior.
In my last number I alluded to some of
the varieties of wheat at present cultivated
in England. The go'den drop, blood red,
Uxbridge, Hunters, Mengosuells, Whittington
& Hicklmgs. Tlio three latter, like
our okra cotton arid rohau pota'oe, have
been so n ceii ly introduced that they have
no' yei found their way in o general cultivation.
The specimens, howev r, which I
saw were very sup?*rior, sufficiently so to
encourage tae American firmer to import
the 8* ed. which may be ord red from Lawson
and Sons, Edit.burg, or Loddige ill London,
or through anv merchant at Liverpool.
An order sent in July will be in sufficient
time to enable the farmer to plunt the seed
in au'umn.
The wheat called Leghorn, or Tuscany
wheat, was introduced into England for the
purpose of procuring straw for the manufacture
of bonnets, &c.; but it was found not to
succeed as well as the common rye, which
is now exclusively cultivated in the Orkney
islands, and the north of Sco.lund for thai
purpose.
In the northern parts of France. 1 saw cultivated
pretty extensively, 11 very hardy variety
of wheat called Poulard, bleu, and
bleu coniquc. I. is partial to rich clay soils ;
its grains are dark and very hard. An Egyptian
wheat called life de Smyrna was'ulsc
highly spoken of. Tner?'s a variety o!
wheat biought origin .lly uoin Morocco thai
is successfully cultivated in Italy, but does
succeed well in the northern parts of Europe
that might be experimented on in our south
em States. Its spikes are long, loose, nodding
to a side, and awned ; grains about ha 1
an inch in length?reddish, transparent
Cr j&l 2
D V E R T
^?ewfcM?ga
RTHAV MAY IK 1840
m
9
i e r .1 w ,i
1I I1A1 '}1 ' I 'WiWTWWUBei?I?PB
W, SOUTH-CAROLINA, F
_____________
W
f and vorv linrd. It usually goes under the 1
1 nam" of Polish wheat, ;il hough it is not t
i much cultivated in Poland,?is said to have
1 come originally from Morocco, and is often r
r called Mogadore wheat. - ti
? I find in my journal, descriptions of near- v
i ly orre huudre'd varieties of wheat cultivated c
' in Eur ?pe, hut doubt whether the twnsfer- t)
r ng thetn to your pages would be of any u
. material hem fit to the Am rican faimer, o
who, I fear, wou'd scnrc.ily import themev. ti
r en as an experiment. Should the seeds J
[ which I brought with me, and distributed i o
through severd parts of our-on hern coun- 1
try, be successfully cultivated, I will end?';'? n
vour to notice them on sonri" fir ore occasion. I
It would bo of great ad van age. were our u
agrrul oral soci nies to imitate the examp- b
l"S of those of Europe, in attaching a rnus^, p
rti5Tirrn1cms: wh^^e not only the a
ti?e ditT rent grains cultivated might be ex- ti
hilnted, hut also the stalks and plan's pre9"r- S
ve 1 in n dried state.?the mode of culture w
and pro hiet carefully noted, for the benefit
of agrtcnl uris s. I observed at Washing- ir
ton, during the last summer,a stressful at- ?
tempt of tht kind bv th" intelligent super- a
uitendunt of tl?e patent oflhre. a
Th" English farmer has more to appro. ^
bend from the eon*t mt drizzling i?ins dur- h,
ing harvest tmie, t uin from fnseets, whieti j;
are |;ie bane ol the American farm r. Tlie w
so called Hessian fly, has never been in ro- U]
duced, and the poor Hessian has sins e- S(
lough to answer for on another score, with- d
out m< Ming ta?? o.mrgp of conveying :h s |,i
pest 'o Aue r ca in his straw. T >e insect ?.
is tint known in Il'ssia and although two Cj
specimens wen* shew n 10 me ns h iving been vv
procured in S?vne<J.-n, they proved 10 be of a ci
a d If r ot an I harmless species. I fear we Sj
wi.l have to claim it. anno .\jih ihe oppus- (J
tun and rat-le sn.ike, hs e>c'usive|y Ameri- |,
can. The wheat of our country aUosulf is lt,
materially from other Miser's, winch prey tl]
upon it, to Us ripened state ; hence, in m inv u
n.?Vtw? It in itAeitfiii'irn tlt.'il tlui /ipiin Kn nnl vinlt ii
|"?| II 13 IIV * ai'11 T IMIU ?II?< l |?/j/ #? Iiifi q
thrashed ou , hu in med'y ely carrad lo ti.p {,,
floiver- m II. !? E n?i, or. tne **o<?tr.irv, li
I perceived st irks ol wheat |h??? had reutO' y{
tied unthrasued for three and four y? ;rs, oid ?|
itt many insta ce.s five or S'x, without any 0|
other mol's' i ioii lh ?n ti'flt ot th" N??rw.i\ j,j
rat?-i rat rosniopoh e. gregirious, om?;vo. sj
roils pest of all coun lines. j.
There are two of he scioncs, however c,
widely removed from each other, uod how C(
ev r seldom thoii.ht of hy the Vnvnc m j,
!. r i cr, that have long appeared to me as
a.vitiiig greater utieii;ioii i.. an, ngn? ultural C(
point of view than has hither o been devoted ^
to if. I m? an chemistry and entomology. tt.
The former enabling us to analyze our sods,
and directing ns as 10 the beat modes tor j|
riieir improvemen . and he |a ter in pointing u,
out to us die hiibi s and characters ol tho^e _
insects that prey upon our Iriuts and grains.
without wlneh we cannot find a remedy a- ar
gainst th' ir depredations. y
- t.i
NUMBER FOUR.
I"
THE GMASSES.
hi
I stated in my first number, that in fine sc
breeds of horses, horned cattle and sheep, ct
suited to die different climates and nurtures. n.
Great Britain funk the |<ad of the world.? G
i'hn abundant supply of milk, butter, and d?
clics*',?hersuper or mutou. veal,and beef, m
?Inr wool and her unrivalled breeds of at
horses, are all dep-'tidaui on the cultivation .11
of various it' h grasses.?some of them mi. n.
lives. hu> lie* m ijority and Ik? most valua w
hie?exo irs, now natural z d and adapted dc
to ihesoil and climate hy long cuinvation. n<
England, with lu r millions of inhabitants hz
dependent on her commerce ?nd mauulac. f(i
tures, could not exist without her grains ami ai
grasses. With all her wealth she would be t><
ruined in two years, were she obliged to im m
port her hay and corn, on wliich the dairy, in
and the meat markets, ore dependant.? tn
O'Connel, who si* z s every opor unity to p.
speak contemptuously of our coutury, eaid T
in Parliament two years ago, m r< f rence ui
to Americans importing gram from Europe if]
for hoino consumption, that lie hud but a di
poor opinion of an agricultural country that |y
was obliged to import its corn. The. im- |,
proved breeds <>| 4-^t I in the western parts n;
of Pennsylvania?in Ohio, Kentucky, and 1^
the Opelousas country, are evidences ol n
what may bo effnc.ed by the cultivation ol u
grasses. Tne Cattle brought to trie Char.es- p|
ton market from Kentucky, w II bear a fair m
compaiison will those of England; they rz
arc indeed the descendants of imported g
breeds, and 1 have noticed that they are (J
yearly improving in form, size and weight. ui
The oxen from opelusas, in die souihwen- %i
i< rn part ol Louisiana, with imm< use wide l(
spreading horns, like those of ih-* BufFdoe n
of Abysinnia, are s od to he the descendants p
of inferior breeds from Mexico. They rfre S(
now among the largest and finest in the c
world, and supply with pxr?ellen? biad the c|
markets of Lou siaim, Mississippi and Ar- a
kansas. They are especially pr z <1 lor tn?* 0
team?are used ill ploughing, and are said |t
to travel with ease in a Witoon a; tli" rat** <,
of four miles per hour. To the rich grass- s
I es abounding in Kentucky and iheOpelou- |,
; sas must be ascribed itie im,?rt?v? ni nt 01
these bre-ds ot cattle, in KentU'-ky Hie *
? grasses are clover and Timothy, or h?r?l'* n
f grass, and several speck g 01 paweum. poa, ?,
I lymus, .tu.i d/gitaria ; t.vo liisi ...?ve p
i tn-en introduced, and .lie others arc exotics. r
, The grasses in the Opelusus I urn not ac- 'J
quwinud with ; they are evidently natives, ?
and as the climate where they flourish does
f not differ materially from thut of Carolina i
, and Georgia, it would be very important to ?
j . *
s
k \
5^
-- > ?*-*? ? ?"I ?W
r WBg ', > < i - mi'jat.aigde a..in_
ntroduce ihe seeds and cultivate them in
>ur southern country.
Although it would always bo advisaole to
nuke experiment* on tlie native gr?ss ol
lie country, as best adapte d to the sod and
innate, and alibi ding the fairest prospect
it fctrc -ess in taeir cultivation, yet it must
ie iidini.led, that nearly all ot the most volable
fruits, grams, and grasses, were not
ngmully natives of die countries wli< re
ley are now most successfully cultivated,
.'he cen al grains und finest fruits were no:
riginuily natives even of Europe. The
nsii poia oe is infinitely more productive
i the Green Isle ili.in ?n South-America,
s native coun ry where tuelaigest specimens
J have seen were not larger than ai
can. Tue rice, sweet-potu oe, and cot.on,
lag * of Carolina, have a foreign origin ;
iid tta citfver arid Timothy? * which are
lore valuable to toe northern and western
laius than ail the gold mines in the world,
ere imported from the East.
It must bo udmnted, tint the marine dPsieis
oi Carolina and Georgia, und we
i got safely include the middle country and
great por ion of Alabama, notwithstanding
fine clunate and a moderately good soil,
av in reah y no pastures. Onr crow.foo
ad crab grusse>, although excellent food
?r cattle, are only annuals, and the fields
inch produce them require 10 be ploughed
ud manured. ( ? labour wh.ch is seldom
jbmi.teJ to) ,?uur hot suns of summer
ry the earth and parch up the grasses,?
itle hay is made to fi'? d the cattle through
ic winl' r,an I ihey are left to seek a pre- ]
ariouS subsistence among the cane-brakes,)
inch, owing to clearings, fin s, ond oin?t J
auses, are daily diminishing. Toward." ,
>ring 'hey remind us of the descripion j
ol Oroeku't gave us ol his neighbours'
an! nj dogs*??vm? poor thut they had to
aii^iji against .1 tree 10 hark," To give
inn he pickings of ibe early brorne grass,
a* woo-is are set ou fin*, ami away go the 1
ones, destroying the young timber ond
iiriihig tip me rich mould on the snrnce of
?? earih, which has b-en coll- c.ing for
ears,-?many a p.mncl offence is burnt up,
ad many a day is wbs ed in consequence
f having summoned ou all tm* hands on the
lant-dion to light the fire. The grass
mug.s up, it is rue, but in that state afleets
ie rattle unfavorably, weakeieiig them by
snsiai t pur.atioii, and about the t<me hjvvs
become metiers they ar?' found in tt.e
tele s or in the nure?11,0 flight of the buztrd,
and tne dogs ou the plantation, indi~
it'ug vvnere our ,r asures he hid. j should
i nappy of an assurance thai this is an ex
ijger <te?l picture our o' grazing and farming
,stem, yet whilst I see hay brobght in bunes
from New-England 10 Charleston, and
icnce re-sinpped to Columbia and Camden,
-whilst 1 win constantly witnessing our
j->r and diminutive breed of ca.lle, nnd
Ti Joing penance on salt butter from New.
-irk and New-Jersey, i cannot hut think,
iat we are sadly define ?t in the cultivation
suitabb grasses, 011 which nil ihe prosjets
of tie dairy, the beef marker, and illiprovement
of our soil, depend It would
? fallacious reasoning to argue that our
luthern country cun.ot become a grazing
)u?ry bt c.iuy wo li.ive, as vet, found no
itive grasses adapted to tins purjnjso.?
rent Britain was once a storilt country,
-pend.itn on its mountains and on its conteiital
neighbours for i!s butter and meats;
present with n population increased one
iiidn-d ioid it supplies the wants of us tnitnt.uits,
thousands of wnoin derive their
hole substs'anee troin the products of the
nry. Tne Island of Jamaica, which has
> productive native grasses, and which
is no productive native grasses, and which
nnerly imported every pound of butter
id beer, has been abundantly supplied with
jtli, by the simple in'reduction of the Guea
grass, a native of Africa. We have*
C.arohn , been so infatuated with thecul- '
ration of cotton and rice, that we have
ud but lit.le attention to our native grasses,
u^re are several species that have been
idcrvalued, and o'hers are only known to
if? botanist. Our Gaina grass \Tripsacwn ,
icly/sides) may have been piiffd too iiigiiat
on? lime, but appears now to have fa In
below the standard of its real value. 1
ifi a bed of it iri my garden for the last
n years ; it has never been affected eith.
by uur hottest summers or coldest winis,?not
a root ol it has required transmuting,
aud it is at this moment if possible,
ion* flourishing than over. Horses do not
fksh >' in its gieer. state, as it is a coarse
lass, but readily eat it when made into hay.
ows and mules are fond 01 n, and thrive
tider it. The rice-grass (Leersin ory
)i(les) succeeds well in very wet soils, nut
ie s eds are difficult to preserve. The
. c 'n . .1
iiv is < fjual to "inii 01 i imo'n., DDI me
I'i(it is only adapted to particular kinds ol
>i|, and *n dry seasons is an uucvT ain
rop. These grasS's as well as the w nt?;
lover, are indigneous to our soil, and seeds
nd plants rm b" obtained in many portions
f our Sia'e. We have upwards of two
undrtd species 01 grasses indigenous t??
ur S'>u!Mern Slates, and it will not be pre.
uinp.uous :o say, tliat someot ihem may be.
juud well a lap ed for pasturage and hay.
\o countiy has ever 5*-en known in whim
linn kinds of grasses for pasiurago and
iiy may nut be cultivated wiih success. If
lit*native grasses are not adapted to the
lurpns' # tnose of s.m Jar kinds in oiiier cbnaies
may be ad?mi'Hgeoiis!y introduced,
riie plants of China and Japan are known
0 succeed well in our climate ; those of
1 hibet, Persn, the lslandsofthe Mediterranean,
and Morocco, being in nearly the
iamc lattitude as well as those of portions
? * 4
r e
A
4. ' * -<A
. ' ' .. r-vv
NUMBER 27.
? " ' *
BWIH BUH mi?1 1
t r
t j splits, is wide enough to prevent ihe ends
, | the splirs from coining in contact with the
r . ' * .
I Z E R.
wmKmrnanmamBmamRmammaam. ?m?*w^
? 1 ?
of South-America and New. Holland, rniglrl
be introduced wiilr a prospect of success,
and it would be surprising if some among
he various grasses that succeed well in
ih? se countries might not be equally well
adapted to our own soil and climate.
Hut the cultivation of grasses is hot alone
<ss'ntial jn affording pasturage and hay,
and thereby adding to the comforts of .life
in providing us with milk, butter, and meats,
for out tables ;vjhoy are very important
' aids in restoring exhausted soils. They are
substi utes for manure. Our plantations in
the south arc so large that with oil our industry
in collecting leaves, and stable manure,
not one half of our fields are-ever manured.
Hence, our lands in time become
exhausted, are thrown out as old fields, and
not cultivated again for many years. Some
-ofpur Planters remove to the VVpst^ believing
it cheaper to clear new groundaJnan to
res ore cxhnusted ones. In the mean time
they and their families have to undergo
many hardships and privations. They are
thrown among strangers, severed from the
associations of earlv life, and are deprived
of ihe advantages of society,?of schools
and churches. Had the same labour been
bestowed in renovating their now deserted
plantations, that has been used in seLling
iheir new farms, they would probably have
suffered nothing in fortune and gained much
in comfort.
That lands may be improved in cultivalion
without adding stable manure, has been
shown by many successful experiments. I
h >ve seen lands in Pennsylvania and NewYork
which are now more productive than
tiiey were twenty years ago, and'have been
continually improving although under cultivation,
without the addition of any other
manure than the small quantities of Plaster
of P uis in which the wheat had been rolled
previous to sowing. The w heat was succeeded
by a crop of clover: this produced
one or two plentiful crops of hay the first
yar, and was probably pastured the year
following. Crops of Indian corn, or pota.
toes, buckwheat, oats, wheat, and clover,
sue eeded each other ; the farmer became
every year more comfortable in his circumstances.
and felt no desire to leave his kinkindred
and native home in search of an Eldorado
in the West.
In mv next 1 will endeavour to cnumerate
some ol the foreign brasses that micht
he cultivated in our southern country with
u probability of success.
TREATMENT OF BROKEN LIMBS OF HORSES.
To the Editor of the Franklin Farmer : ?
Dear Sir?Being a great lover of stock,
and deriving more pleasure hy contributing
to diat part of animated nature that cannot
make its wants known to man, than from
any oth< r source, and learning through your
paper that Medoc has met with a misfortune
that may prove fatal, I have thought fit to
g;ve you the result of my experience in a
parallel case that occurred to a Jurk lust
spring. I feel much hesitation in doing
this, being well apprized that Medoc is in
the neighborhood of as good surgical, aid as
can bn procured in the west; but as cures
ure frequently the result of accident as well
as ttie effect of mature thought and experience,
a tyro in the profession, may be pardoned
for suggesting his opinions, even to
the s ?ge?but to my case. The left fore
aun was fractured transversely, about five
inches above the knee joint, the bone betwixt
this fracture an I the knee, was split down to
the joint, so that, in reality there were two
fractures, communicating with each other.
The first thing done, was to suspend him,
for the reason that it had been the practice
heretofore ; but close attention soon satistied
me that my nnimul was very uncom.
tortable and restless. Although 1 knew the
fr ctured par s could be kept better fitted to
each other, by keeping him suspended,
than they could be, if he were permitted to
touch thegrouid; I determined to make
the experiment for the following reasons:
The piessure upon his lungs affected his
breathing very much, and upon his bowels
produced great costiveness. However,
affr turning him loose, I soon found the
limb swinging about, whenever ho moved.
9 Q ' ?
and quite crooked when ho touched the
ground. It immediately occurred to me,
thai some; hi ng moro than ordinary bandages
must be applied. I made a bandage of
s'tong cotton domestic, about two inches
u ide, long enough to reach from the ancle
to the body, and back to the ancle joint?
spread it from end to end with thick tar?
appl ed It carefully, so that every time it
would lap hull The wiJth upon the previous
turn of the bundage; I then had some
cotton nicely carded and laid betwixt two
p'<<c<'s oi the same domest c, wide enough
.o rap round 'he limb, extending from the
kne" jdtot to the elbow, so as to encompass
the whole of the fractured limb?quilted
carefully?-running the rows of siiches
about an inch from each other, for the purpose
of keeping the cotton permanent 5
ihis was also spread with tar.and laid over
the. first bandage. I then made some wdiite
oak splints, about an inch wide, long
enough to extend from the knee to the
. llmiv. nm ted them betwixt two layers ol
1 ,"w " ? ?| ? r
domestic, wido enough to go round the
wno!? of the previous dressing; this was
likewise spread with tar and laid on, am
the whole secured with strong tape, sewer
to tin* domestic. This dressing was con
j tinged for eight weeks, without iHng touch
j ed except to tighten the tapes as the swelling
receded, and my patient recovered with verj
! liitle deformity. After the whole is applied
I be certain to examine and sco that tl?<
. cushion betwixt the first bondage and th<
I
; limb?otherwise they will irritate the akin
i and keep him restless* In Medoc's case ^
I the dressing should extend only from tho
knee to the ankle. If you think the nboge
suggestions could be of any service to this'
splendid horse, or to any other unfortunate
1 quadruped, you may give them a (Race in
youp valuable .paper.; if not, lay them by
with other such stuff*, that I have no doubt
you are frequently plagued with* ^
Tho Tee-boat Relief has been put in first
rate order for keeping open the harbor of
Baltimore during the winter?and the new
ice boat Patapsco will soon be ready,Jo
- her. An instance is given by the ' Ameri*
Con' of the value of the ice-boat system, to
the agriculturist as well as the rherchant?
la#t%eck 600 hds. tobacco fnrv. received,
little or none of which would feave beerv
brought at this late period of the year, but for
the conviction in the minds of the captains
of the buy vesscts, that if there had been ice
in the rtver or harbor, the ice-boat would
have prevented delay or risk both in enter*
tng and departing.
The President of the New Orleans Cham,
ber ofCiynmerce, in answer to theJptter of
the President of the Macon Convention, remarks
in declining to serve on the com*
mittee :?
" 1 am of aptnion that the value of cotton,
like that of any other commodity, is regulated
by immutable laws, which no combimu.
lion or monopolies can materially or permanently
affect. That attempts to increase,
diminish or regulate its value by such comhina
linns or mnnnnnl /??? onlm. !*? F.h?L-<1
? ? i unci ill UII^IOUU
or America, must in the event prove disns*TQU8
to the parties concerned in soch attempts,
without being beneficial to any other
interests whatever. I am also of opinion
that our banking institutions cannot legitimately
enter into the business proposed, and
that if they u cre to do, it would lead to the
most injurious results to the currency of.tbe
country, and thereby tend to derange, and
unsettle the value of every species of prop^
crly. v f.
These ore, in a few words, my principal
r reasons for declining lo Ret as one of the
j committee of your convention ; and I tfusr,
i sir, my frank avowal of them will not be
I deemed obtrusive. Piesiding over the
' chamber of commerce of this city, and over
one of the banks of this state. I cannot tacitly
acquiesce in my name being connected
with the proposed measures, which, although
doubtless projected with the most
patriotic motives, would, in my humble op.
mion, if carried into effect, be seriously injurious
to the agricultural) commercial au4
banking interests of the country."
From tbe American Farmer.Relative
Value of Maret and, Horses, <ti
Draft Animals.
! Mr. Editor? It is a fact QM generally
! knnuvn. that n ?mar
* "" - ? 5*VM% ence
in the valuu of horses arid mares,
as draft animals* If a mare has once been
* spoilt by awkward driving,~by being balk,
ed or frequently smiled,?she is never, or
very rarely, cured of her bad haiits,?she
can never, ng&in be relied on for a steady
draft, either for the wagon or plough, so per.
verse are they hi their natures ! la the
management of teams for some twenty or
twenty-five years, I hare nevbr known of
more than one instance of a mare's being
spoilt, and-afterwards reclaimed, and even
that instance could not be cited as a steady
nag. The most careful and skillful man.
agement will have htiie or no effect. But it
is not so with the horse. I do not re mem be f
to have seen a single instance where the
male of that species of which we nre treat,
ting, has been judiciously roeneged, after be.
ing ever so badly spoilt, but thut he was re.
claimed, and where almost as much reliance
was not to be placed in him, as when he wan
first hitched. My experience would go fully
to establish the fact in my own mmd, had I
not tho experience of others. Being a
staunch advocate of domestic manufactures,
I a. wnll nnimnir. a? inanimate. Y aa?. Wiannr
! seii to keep more of the females of (hat ape.
! cics on my form than of the mM!o,*fcecause
of the advantage of raising my own teams;
but thounivcrsul awkwardness of negodri.
vers, added to the facility with which mares
are rendered useless for the collar, by their
being balked or stn lied, dtad fed mc to abatr*
, don the plan of raising my own teams, and
to prefer, (at least in a measure.) getting
them from abroad. There are exceptions
to this, as to every general rule?Where the
mare is good tempered, docile and easy (D
manage, I believe them to be superior te the
horse, for all purposes?Hence f would
advise every one in purchasing horses, to
select, (if he buy a mnro.) only such as"*
have either never been worked in harness,
or, such as having, been worked, Jjave
! proved gentle and easy to be goverd&J.?
| My attention was first oatied to this subject
; i manv years since, bv reading one of the
; tales of "the iniinitabfc, though often imitas
ted Miss Marin EdgcWortb," ns the celeFAfated
John Randolph called her, (which 4
> said works, Mr. Editor, by the way, I must
5 take the liberty of advising you to recorn11
mend to your young readers, as being tnoro
1 , replete with sound morality and good sense,
| and as wortli more for the advancement of
. i children in honest straight.forward industry,
> i and in general knowledge, than in oil the
/: balance of modern publications put logeth,jer.)
d ! B it in this tale to whirl) I was alluding,
i j an Irish posiihon :s rrpresentcdas bctng c:\JJ!