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* t VOLUME V. ??iaecxtm MUV m m. jjchm EDITOR HD PROPRIETOR T E R M S: If piid within three months, . . ?3 00 II pxiJ within threo months after the close ofthe yeir, 3 50 If paid within twelve months after the close of the year, ...... 4 00 . If not paid within that time, ... 5 00 Two new subscribers will be entitled to tho paper the first year for Jive dollars, paid at tho time of subscribing , and five now subscribers for ten dollars ptid at the time of subscribing. No paper to bo discontinued but it the option of tho editor till arrearages are paid. AJvertisoments not exceeding sixteen lines, inserted for one dollar tho first time, and fifty cents, each subsequent ins irtion. Persons sending in advertisements arc requests. u> specify the niMnbor of times they ere to be, i'.se-ted; otherwise they will be continued till ordered out, and charged accordingly. 0*Tlio Poslago must be oaid on all coramu. ications. NOTES ON EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE, BY A CHARLRvToNiAN. NUMBER THREE. \heat. - In my last I gave some rovs on tho ro ' r* -- r? i._: tatson ot crops in unw Dream,?;i ju uci. ous mode of culture, which is now adopted * to a considerable extent in Sweedcn* Denmark, and the grain growing countries in the North of Europe. Thus, dx; soil, although it does not anuoally give the same kind of product to the cuititaior, is never idle, but produces in succession of crops which are often more valuable than wbca. itself. As however wheat is not only one of the, staple articles of Europe, hut also of our own* country. I propose o devote this arti le to n description ol the method of culture. 1st. Preparation of the Soil. The whoa; crop as I hare stated in a former chapter, usually succeeds the follow crop, which consis.ed of pnta'o*s, beans, or tur nips. This fullotfr crop is always richly manured. Stable manure is in a majori V ol instances used, and in most soils is preferred. It is spread on the ft-- ds broad cos: in the proportion of i w. nty or twenty five tons to the aere. In about half the cases it is scattered over the fi -Ids in the i r\rly part of wmter, and ploughed under in December. Where time is wanting the manure is not app'i< d till early in the spring, which, I am informed, nnsw< rs equally well. Lime is much used ?n light sandy soils. In some parts of the coast of Hull uid, where the soil is poor and sandy, the application of lime has given a dark, rich colour, to the earth, which now retains its moisture and produces abundant crops. On the sandy lands b?*. tween Berlin and Dresden, rcs'-mbling our Carolina pine barrens, I noticed, jr us#?d in some fields with very beneficial efforts. Sim liar r suits have been pro luced in NewJersey by the application of lime on bare sandy soil. Bone dust is much used in England on light soils. It is generally procured from the continent. A few mills for the pur. ose of grinding the bone for manure exist in England and Scotland, although they did no: fall under m v notice. A model of one exists in ihe agricultural museum of Edinburgh, which was politely exhibited to nr by Professor Lowe. Toe construction is very simple : but as I believe i is well un derstood in the United Slat s, and as I ain not much of a mechanic, I need not venture on a description. Toe b ne dust is used m the proportion of twenty five bushels 'O the acre ; a greater quantity has not been attended with any increased beneficial n-su'ts It is sown broad cast on the land ; sometimes mix-d with turnip seed. Night soils, a (very valuable manure,) are limited to the neighborhoods of towns, a d principally up. plied to g'rdens. .This "article is prepared in the vicinity of Paris by a method rendering ti not in the least offensive. It has lbappearance of large, dried tricks, which unbroken up when wanted, and applied to the laid in the manner of bone dusr. When the fallow crop has been removed, the ground is plough d and put in order lor the reception of wheat: occasionally some manure is added, but it is in general believed that the ground is sufficiently enriched for the en -uing crop. The ploughing is similar to that of our own country. The wheat is sown from the middle ;o the end of October, generally in drills, but sometimes broad cast. The sowing or drilling of the wheat does not coniple.e the labour till the time of harvest, as as is the case in America. The wheat is regularly hoed between the drills two or three times, and when the wheat is about a foot in height, it is carefully weeded,?hence, we seldom find in English wheat either cockle, chenr, or the i r . % . . . ... Bccas 01 me various weeds with which our fields are so often infested. Tlie wheat is usually gathered with the sickle, i saw no cradles, like those of America, in use. 2ndv Quantity of seed to the Acre. In this particular I found a great difference of opln.on between th< British and American farmer. In this country a bushel of wheat is usually considered sufficient for an acre; formerly many persons only used three pecks per acre. I am inclined to think, that we have erred in using too liitle seed. I remember visiting the fields ol u farmer in New York many years ogo, arid observed that whilst the heads of whoat were very fine, the stalks appeared :o stand very thinly on the ground. He had sown three pecks to lite acre, and the produce was nine bushels. I suggested to him the I .V D CI CHERA iMB?MHMMBMWBBBi.lMlX. JLLLilJ ICS propriety of using a double qoanti'y o seed. Three years aferwards be sowiv th" same Geld again, using a bushel and ? half of seed to the aero,?:;he season one tillage were similar to that of the fonnei sowing. He subsequcnt'y informed rm that' his land this year produced fiheer bushels to the acre, and that he was now an advoca'e for thick sowing. I extract from my notes on English hus. bandry the followhig quotat'on, which 1 ehher wrote down from the dictation ol some responsible agriculturist, or copied from some agricultural journal of England; I am inclined to think the lafter. I have reason to believe it is the usual mode ud<>p ted in England and Seoland. "On rich lands in good condition when th- soil is strong loam or clay, and well drained, two anaa half tod wo nnd thm^ qunr cr-bushels per imperial acre may be sufficient, of the ordinary varieties. As spring sown wheat does not tiller well, one half io three quarters < fa bushel more may be necessary; but strong clays are not well a bipted to spring sown wheat, although it is quite possible that a suitable variety; m?\ be obtained foi that purpose. " On med'um sods one half bushel more may he requisite for such season ol sowing, regulating the qua itity to the quali y and condition of the soil, and the preceding crops. When potatoes have been raised in the laL low division, at least two or three pecks more may be necessary than aft-r u chain la low. 44 0;i high nod light lands, wheat, after fallow, should bo drilled ;n from two to three inches deep, to pr- vent throwing out in spring. VV 'ii th.s precaution, ift' c land is in g"od co-.d ion. I.tile more so d will ho want' d than on medium ; but on such lands when? holds bes after grass, and in tlia c ise requires two or 'liree pecks more seed than under any o'her circ ims nniv." A? I have never seen the snlks of wheat so thieklv crowded together in rriv own country as in Great Brh.ain, ar;d as their avemge crop i decidedly greater h in ours I have ascribed the difference, at least iri some measure, to ihe greater quantity oi m> ed usee by the buroprun agruulturKK alter making due .lioiv.tnees fur the diffr ence of clunme nn l modes of cuhure, I remarked, that in Kngland, tu consequence of this th ok sowing, Metro was lint one stalk to each gram, whilst in America, uh< re the seeds were I'.ir:! er separated, (hen* arc'us i all) side stalls tea of whir.h produce equallv vveil wi-h the one proceedmg from the gram. The ad litional quant ty of seed sown is doubly eompensa ed for, by the greater pro duct to <lie acre, These, however, snould be mafers of experiment wit it. us in n clim ate wtiere our swmm rs are much warmer. is I urn fully a*are that Inn I* rpay be too thickly os well as too tbinly sown. 3rd Varieties of Wheat in Eerope. Boiamss have l?< en much perpl> x< d in ? ?d avoring to deride on the tru" origin gin of our varevies wlieat. It is now dilfi * c.ilt to asecrain what is tlie true triticum sativutn or common wheat, lit general tin bearded and b? nf lless wheats are divided in two species. The former are termed trilicum htjbernum, or win-er wheat, and the latter triticum ashcum, or sumnrv r wheat. I am, however, incl n? d to th nk, that all the vorietiiw may be included under one species, as there are no distinctive marks by w ucli hey can be separated. Under triticum hybcrnutn,{>*r ins:anee, ar in lu led s veial of ttie earlier and best varieties of spring wheat, and under triticum (Bat,turn are ineluded several, he rded wliea s eq allv hard), and requiring as long lime to arrive at maturity as our common winter suits Indeed, the recent Fr 'iich boianis s have now referred all the varieties to triticum sativum. But this is not the place to settle nee botanical dis mctio is. Spring wheat is seldom cultivated in England as a general crop. In every instance whcie I saw it growing, it appeared to tnt rather inferior. In my last number I alluded to some of the varieties of wheat at present cultivated in England. The go'den drop, blood red, Uxbridge, Hunters, Mengosuells, Whittington & Hicklmgs. Tlio three latter, like our okra cotton arid rohau pota'oe, have been so n ceii ly introduced that they have no' yei found their way in o general cultivation. The specimens, howev r, which I saw were very sup?*rior, sufficiently so to encourage tae American firmer to import the 8* ed. which may be ord red from Lawson and Sons, Edit.burg, or Loddige ill London, or through anv merchant at Liverpool. An order sent in July will be in sufficient time to enable the farmer to plunt the seed in au'umn. The wheat called Leghorn, or Tuscany wheat, was introduced into England for the purpose of procuring straw for the manufacture of bonnets, &c.; but it was found not to succeed as well as the common rye, which is now exclusively cultivated in the Orkney islands, and the north of Sco.lund for thai purpose. In the northern parts of France. 1 saw cultivated pretty extensively, 11 very hardy variety of wheat called Poulard, bleu, and bleu coniquc. I. is partial to rich clay soils ; its grains are dark and very hard. An Egyptian wheat called life de Smyrna was'ulsc highly spoken of. Tner?'s a variety o! wheat biought origin .lly uoin Morocco thai is successfully cultivated in Italy, but does succeed well in the northern parts of Europe that might be experimented on in our south em States. Its spikes are long, loose, nodding to a side, and awned ; grains about ha 1 an inch in length?reddish, transparent Cr j&l 2 D V E R T ^?ewfcM?ga RTHAV MAY IK 1840 m 9 i e r .1 w ,i 1I I1A1 '}1 ' I 'WiWTWWUBei?I?PB W, SOUTH-CAROLINA, F _____________ W f and vorv linrd. It usually goes under the 1 1 nam" of Polish wheat, ;il hough it is not t i much cultivated in Poland,?is said to have 1 come originally from Morocco, and is often r r called Mogadore wheat. - ti ? I find in my journal, descriptions of near- v i ly orre huudre'd varieties of wheat cultivated c ' in Eur ?pe, hut doubt whether the twnsfer- t) r ng thetn to your pages would be of any u . material hem fit to the Am rican faimer, o who, I fear, wou'd scnrc.ily import themev. ti r en as an experiment. Should the seeds J [ which I brought with me, and distributed i o through severd parts of our-on hern coun- 1 try, be successfully cultivated, I will end?';'? n vour to notice them on sonri" fir ore occasion. I It would bo of great ad van age. were our u agrrul oral soci nies to imitate the examp- b l"S of those of Europe, in attaching a rnus^, p rti5Tirrn1cms: wh^^e not only the a ti?e ditT rent grains cultivated might be ex- ti hilnted, hut also the stalks and plan's pre9"r- S ve 1 in n dried state.?the mode of culture w and pro hiet carefully noted, for the benefit of agrtcnl uris s. I observed at Washing- ir ton, during the last summer,a stressful at- ? tempt of tht kind bv th" intelligent super- a uitendunt of tl?e patent oflhre. a Th" English farmer has more to appro. ^ bend from the eon*t mt drizzling i?ins dur- h, ing harvest tmie, t uin from fnseets, whieti j; are |;ie bane ol the American farm r. Tlie w so called Hessian fly, has never been in ro- U] duced, and the poor Hessian has sins e- S( lough to answer for on another score, with- d out m< Ming ta?? o.mrgp of conveying :h s |,i pest 'o Aue r ca in his straw. T >e insect ?. is tint known in Il'ssia and although two Cj specimens wen* shew n 10 me ns h iving been vv procured in S?vne<J.-n, they proved 10 be of a ci a d If r ot an I harmless species. I fear we Sj wi.l have to claim it. anno .\jih ihe oppus- (J tun and rat-le sn.ike, hs e>c'usive|y Ameri- |, can. The wheat of our country aUosulf is lt, materially from other Miser's, winch prey tl] upon it, to Us ripened state ; hence, in m inv u n.?Vtw? It in itAeitfiii'irn tlt.'il tlui /ipiin Kn nnl vinlt ii |"?| II 13 IIV * ai'11 T IMIU ?II?< l |?/j/ #? Iiifi q thrashed ou , hu in med'y ely carrad lo ti.p {,, floiver- m II. !? E n?i, or. tne **o<?tr.irv, li I perceived st irks ol wheat |h??? had reutO' y{ tied unthrasued for three and four y? ;rs, oid ?| itt many insta ce.s five or S'x, without any 0| other mol's' i ioii lh ?n ti'flt ot th" N??rw.i\ j,j rat?-i rat rosniopoh e. gregirious, om?;vo. sj roils pest of all coun lines. j. There are two of he scioncs, however c, widely removed from each other, uod how C( ev r seldom thoii.ht of hy the Vnvnc m j, !. r i cr, that have long appeared to me as a.vitiiig greater utieii;ioii i.. an, ngn? ultural C( point of view than has hither o been devoted ^ to if. I m? an chemistry and entomology. tt. The former enabling us to analyze our sods, and directing ns as 10 the beat modes tor j| riieir improvemen . and he |a ter in pointing u, out to us die hiibi s and characters ol tho^e _ insects that prey upon our Iriuts and grains. without wlneh we cannot find a remedy a- ar gainst th' ir depredations. y - t.i NUMBER FOUR. I" THE GMASSES. hi I stated in my first number, that in fine sc breeds of horses, horned cattle and sheep, ct suited to die different climates and nurtures. n. Great Britain funk the |<ad of the world.? G i'hn abundant supply of milk, butter, and d? clics*',?hersuper or mutou. veal,and beef, m ?Inr wool and her unrivalled breeds of at horses, are all dep-'tidaui on the cultivation .11 of various it' h grasses.?some of them mi. n. lives. hu> lie* m ijority and Ik? most valua w hie?exo irs, now natural z d and adapted dc to ihesoil and climate hy long cuinvation. n< England, with lu r millions of inhabitants hz dependent on her commerce ?nd mauulac. f(i tures, could not exist without her grains ami ai grasses. With all her wealth she would be t>< ruined in two years, were she obliged to im m port her hay and corn, on wliich the dairy, in and the meat markets, ore dependant.? tn O'Connel, who si* z s every opor unity to p. speak contemptuously of our coutury, eaid T in Parliament two years ago, m r< f rence ui to Americans importing gram from Europe if] for hoino consumption, that lie hud but a di poor opinion of an agricultural country that |y was obliged to import its corn. The. im- |, proved breeds <>| 4-^t I in the western parts n; of Pennsylvania?in Ohio, Kentucky, and 1^ the Opelousas country, are evidences ol n what may bo effnc.ed by the cultivation ol u grasses. Tne Cattle brought to trie Char.es- p| ton market from Kentucky, w II bear a fair m compaiison will those of England; they rz arc indeed the descendants of imported g breeds, and 1 have noticed that they are (J yearly improving in form, size and weight. ui The oxen from opelusas, in die souihwen- %i i< rn part ol Louisiana, with imm< use wide l( spreading horns, like those of ih-* BufFdoe n of Abysinnia, are s od to he the descendants p of inferior breeds from Mexico. They rfre S( now among the largest and finest in the c world, and supply with pxr?ellen? biad the c| markets of Lou siaim, Mississippi and Ar- a kansas. They are especially pr z <1 lor tn?* 0 team?are used ill ploughing, and are said |t to travel with ease in a Witoon a; tli" rat** <, of four miles per hour. To the rich grass- s I es abounding in Kentucky and iheOpelou- |, ; sas must be ascribed itie im,?rt?v? ni nt 01 these bre-ds ot cattle, in KentU'-ky Hie * ? grasses are clover and Timothy, or h?r?l'* n f grass, and several speck g 01 paweum. poa, ?, I lymus, .tu.i d/gitaria ; t.vo liisi ...?ve p i tn-en introduced, and .lie others arc exotics. r , The grasses in the Opelusus I urn not ac- 'J quwinud with ; they are evidently natives, ? and as the climate where they flourish does f not differ materially from thut of Carolina i , and Georgia, it would be very important to ? j . * s k \ 5^ -- > ?*-*? ? ?"I ?W r WBg ', > < i - mi'jat.aigde a..in_ ntroduce ihe seeds and cultivate them in >ur southern country. Although it would always bo advisaole to nuke experiment* on tlie native gr?ss ol lie country, as best adapte d to the sod and innate, and alibi ding the fairest prospect it fctrc -ess in taeir cultivation, yet it must ie iidini.led, that nearly all ot the most volable fruits, grams, and grasses, were not ngmully natives of die countries wli< re ley are now most successfully cultivated, .'he cen al grains und finest fruits were no: riginuily natives even of Europe. The nsii poia oe is infinitely more productive i the Green Isle ili.in ?n South-America, s native coun ry where tuelaigest specimens J have seen were not larger than ai can. Tue rice, sweet-potu oe, and cot.on, lag * of Carolina, have a foreign origin ; iid tta citfver arid Timothy? * which are lore valuable to toe northern and western laius than ail the gold mines in the world, ere imported from the East. It must bo udmnted, tint the marine dPsieis oi Carolina and Georgia, und we i got safely include the middle country and great por ion of Alabama, notwithstanding fine clunate and a moderately good soil, av in reah y no pastures. Onr crow.foo ad crab grusse>, although excellent food ?r cattle, are only annuals, and the fields inch produce them require 10 be ploughed ud manured. ( ? labour wh.ch is seldom jbmi.teJ to) ,?uur hot suns of summer ry the earth and parch up the grasses,? itle hay is made to fi'? d the cattle through ic winl' r,an I ihey are left to seek a pre- ] ariouS subsistence among the cane-brakes,) inch, owing to clearings, fin s, ond oin?t J auses, are daily diminishing. Toward." , >ring 'hey remind us of the descripion j ol Oroeku't gave us ol his neighbours' an! nj dogs*??vm? poor thut they had to aii^iji against .1 tree 10 hark," To give inn he pickings of ibe early brorne grass, a* woo-is are set ou fin*, ami away go the 1 ones, destroying the young timber ond iiriihig tip me rich mould on the snrnce of ?? earih, which has b-en coll- c.ing for ears,-?many a p.mncl offence is burnt up, ad many a day is wbs ed in consequence f having summoned ou all tm* hands on the lant-dion to light the fire. The grass mug.s up, it is rue, but in that state afleets ie rattle unfavorably, weakeieiig them by snsiai t pur.atioii, and about the t<me hjvvs become metiers they ar?' found in tt.e tele s or in the nure?11,0 flight of the buztrd, and tne dogs ou the plantation, indi~ it'ug vvnere our ,r asures he hid. j should i nappy of an assurance thai this is an ex ijger <te?l picture our o' grazing and farming ,stem, yet whilst I see hay brobght in bunes from New-England 10 Charleston, and icnce re-sinpped to Columbia and Camden, -whilst 1 win constantly witnessing our j->r and diminutive breed of ca.lle, nnd Ti Joing penance on salt butter from New. -irk and New-Jersey, i cannot hut think, iat we are sadly define ?t in the cultivation suitabb grasses, 011 which nil ihe prosjets of tie dairy, the beef marker, and illiprovement of our soil, depend It would ? fallacious reasoning to argue that our luthern country cun.ot become a grazing )u?ry bt c.iuy wo li.ive, as vet, found no itive grasses adapted to tins purjnjso.? rent Britain was once a storilt country, -pend.itn on its mountains and on its conteiital neighbours for i!s butter and meats; present with n population increased one iiidn-d ioid it supplies the wants of us tnitnt.uits, thousands of wnoin derive their hole substs'anee troin the products of the nry. Tne Island of Jamaica, which has > productive native grasses, and which is no productive native grasses, and which nnerly imported every pound of butter id beer, has been abundantly supplied with jtli, by the simple in'reduction of the Guea grass, a native of Africa. We have* C.arohn , been so infatuated with thecul- ' ration of cotton and rice, that we have ud but lit.le attention to our native grasses, u^re are several species that have been idcrvalued, and o'hers are only known to if? botanist. Our Gaina grass \Tripsacwn , icly/sides) may have been piiffd too iiigiiat on? lime, but appears now to have fa In below the standard of its real value. 1 ifi a bed of it iri my garden for the last n years ; it has never been affected eith. by uur hottest summers or coldest winis,?not a root ol it has required transmuting, aud it is at this moment if possible, ion* flourishing than over. Horses do not fksh >' in its gieer. state, as it is a coarse lass, but readily eat it when made into hay. ows and mules are fond 01 n, and thrive tider it. The rice-grass (Leersin ory )i(les) succeeds well in very wet soils, nut ie s eds are difficult to preserve. The . c 'n . .1 iiv is < fjual to "inii 01 i imo'n., DDI me I'i(it is only adapted to particular kinds ol >i|, and *n dry seasons is an uucvT ain rop. These grasS's as well as the w nt?; lover, are indigneous to our soil, and seeds nd plants rm b" obtained in many portions f our Sia'e. We have upwards of two undrtd species 01 grasses indigenous t?? ur S'>u!Mern Slates, and it will not be pre. uinp.uous :o say, tliat someot ihem may be. juud well a lap ed for pasturage and hay. \o countiy has ever 5*-en known in whim linn kinds of grasses for pasiurago and iiy may nut be cultivated wiih success. If lit*native grasses are not adapted to the lurpns' # tnose of s.m Jar kinds in oiiier cbnaies may be ad?mi'Hgeoiis!y introduced, riie plants of China and Japan are known 0 succeed well in our climate ; those of 1 hibet, Persn, the lslandsofthe Mediterranean, and Morocco, being in nearly the iamc lattitude as well as those of portions ? * 4 r e A 4. ' * -<A . ' ' .. r-vv NUMBER 27. ? " ' * BWIH BUH mi?1 1 t r t j splits, is wide enough to prevent ihe ends , | the splirs from coining in contact with the r . ' * . I Z E R. wmKmrnanmamBmamRmammaam. ?m?*w^ ? 1 ? of South-America and New. Holland, rniglrl be introduced wiilr a prospect of success, and it would be surprising if some among he various grasses that succeed well in ih? se countries might not be equally well adapted to our own soil and climate. Hut the cultivation of grasses is hot alone <ss'ntial jn affording pasturage and hay, and thereby adding to the comforts of .life in providing us with milk, butter, and meats, for out tables ;vjhoy are very important ' aids in restoring exhausted soils. They are substi utes for manure. Our plantations in the south arc so large that with oil our industry in collecting leaves, and stable manure, not one half of our fields are-ever manured. Hence, our lands in time become exhausted, are thrown out as old fields, and not cultivated again for many years. Some -ofpur Planters remove to the VVpst^ believing it cheaper to clear new groundaJnan to res ore cxhnusted ones. In the mean time they and their families have to undergo many hardships and privations. They are thrown among strangers, severed from the associations of earlv life, and are deprived of ihe advantages of society,?of schools and churches. Had the same labour been bestowed in renovating their now deserted plantations, that has been used in seLling iheir new farms, they would probably have suffered nothing in fortune and gained much in comfort. That lands may be improved in cultivalion without adding stable manure, has been shown by many successful experiments. I h >ve seen lands in Pennsylvania and NewYork which are now more productive than tiiey were twenty years ago, and'have been continually improving although under cultivation, without the addition of any other manure than the small quantities of Plaster of P uis in which the wheat had been rolled previous to sowing. The w heat was succeeded by a crop of clover: this produced one or two plentiful crops of hay the first yar, and was probably pastured the year following. Crops of Indian corn, or pota. toes, buckwheat, oats, wheat, and clover, sue eeded each other ; the farmer became every year more comfortable in his circumstances. and felt no desire to leave his kinkindred and native home in search of an Eldorado in the West. In mv next 1 will endeavour to cnumerate some ol the foreign brasses that micht he cultivated in our southern country with u probability of success. TREATMENT OF BROKEN LIMBS OF HORSES. To the Editor of the Franklin Farmer : ? Dear Sir?Being a great lover of stock, and deriving more pleasure hy contributing to diat part of animated nature that cannot make its wants known to man, than from any oth< r source, and learning through your paper that Medoc has met with a misfortune that may prove fatal, I have thought fit to g;ve you the result of my experience in a parallel case that occurred to a Jurk lust spring. I feel much hesitation in doing this, being well apprized that Medoc is in the neighborhood of as good surgical, aid as can bn procured in the west; but as cures ure frequently the result of accident as well as ttie effect of mature thought and experience, a tyro in the profession, may be pardoned for suggesting his opinions, even to the s ?ge?but to my case. The left fore aun was fractured transversely, about five inches above the knee joint, the bone betwixt this fracture an I the knee, was split down to the joint, so that, in reality there were two fractures, communicating with each other. The first thing done, was to suspend him, for the reason that it had been the practice heretofore ; but close attention soon satistied me that my nnimul was very uncom. tortable and restless. Although 1 knew the fr ctured par s could be kept better fitted to each other, by keeping him suspended, than they could be, if he were permitted to touch thegrouid; I determined to make the experiment for the following reasons: The piessure upon his lungs affected his breathing very much, and upon his bowels produced great costiveness. However, affr turning him loose, I soon found the limb swinging about, whenever ho moved. 9 Q ' ? and quite crooked when ho touched the ground. It immediately occurred to me, thai some; hi ng moro than ordinary bandages must be applied. I made a bandage of s'tong cotton domestic, about two inches u ide, long enough to reach from the ancle to the body, and back to the ancle joint? spread it from end to end with thick tar? appl ed It carefully, so that every time it would lap hull The wiJth upon the previous turn of the bundage; I then had some cotton nicely carded and laid betwixt two p'<<c<'s oi the same domest c, wide enough .o rap round 'he limb, extending from the kne" jdtot to the elbow, so as to encompass the whole of the fractured limb?quilted carefully?-running the rows of siiches about an inch from each other, for the purpose of keeping the cotton permanent 5 ihis was also spread with tar.and laid over the. first bandage. I then made some wdiite oak splints, about an inch wide, long enough to extend from the knee to the . llmiv. nm ted them betwixt two layers ol 1 ,"w " ? ?| ? r domestic, wido enough to go round the wno!? of the previous dressing; this was likewise spread with tar and laid on, am the whole secured with strong tape, sewer to tin* domestic. This dressing was con j tinged for eight weeks, without iHng touch j ed except to tighten the tapes as the swelling receded, and my patient recovered with verj ! liitle deformity. After the whole is applied I be certain to examine and sco that tl?< . cushion betwixt the first bondage and th< I ; limb?otherwise they will irritate the akin i and keep him restless* In Medoc's case ^ I the dressing should extend only from tho knee to the ankle. If you think the nboge suggestions could be of any service to this' splendid horse, or to any other unfortunate 1 quadruped, you may give them a (Race in youp valuable .paper.; if not, lay them by with other such stuff*, that I have no doubt you are frequently plagued with* ^ Tho Tee-boat Relief has been put in first rate order for keeping open the harbor of Baltimore during the winter?and the new ice boat Patapsco will soon be ready,Jo - her. An instance is given by the ' Ameri* Con' of the value of the ice-boat system, to the agriculturist as well as the rherchant? la#t%eck 600 hds. tobacco fnrv. received, little or none of which would feave beerv brought at this late period of the year, but for the conviction in the minds of the captains of the buy vesscts, that if there had been ice in the rtver or harbor, the ice-boat would have prevented delay or risk both in enter* tng and departing. The President of the New Orleans Cham, ber ofCiynmerce, in answer to theJptter of the President of the Macon Convention, remarks in declining to serve on the com* mittee :? " 1 am of aptnion that the value of cotton, like that of any other commodity, is regulated by immutable laws, which no combimu. lion or monopolies can materially or permanently affect. That attempts to increase, diminish or regulate its value by such comhina linns or mnnnnnl /??? onlm. !*? F.h?L-<1 ? ? i unci ill UII^IOUU or America, must in the event prove disns*TQU8 to the parties concerned in soch attempts, without being beneficial to any other interests whatever. I am also of opinion that our banking institutions cannot legitimately enter into the business proposed, and that if they u cre to do, it would lead to the most injurious results to the currency of.tbe country, and thereby tend to derange, and unsettle the value of every species of prop^ crly. v f. These ore, in a few words, my principal r reasons for declining lo Ret as one of the j committee of your convention ; and I tfusr, i sir, my frank avowal of them will not be I deemed obtrusive. Piesiding over the ' chamber of commerce of this city, and over one of the banks of this state. I cannot tacitly acquiesce in my name being connected with the proposed measures, which, although doubtless projected with the most patriotic motives, would, in my humble op. mion, if carried into effect, be seriously injurious to the agricultural) commercial au4 banking interests of the country." From tbe American Farmer.Relative Value of Maret and, Horses, <ti Draft Animals. ! Mr. Editor? It is a fact QM generally ! knnuvn. that n ?mar * "" - ? 5*VM% ence in the valuu of horses arid mares, as draft animals* If a mare has once been * spoilt by awkward driving,~by being balk, ed or frequently smiled,?she is never, or very rarely, cured of her bad haiits,?she can never, ng&in be relied on for a steady draft, either for the wagon or plough, so per. verse are they hi their natures ! la the management of teams for some twenty or twenty-five years, I hare nevbr known of more than one instance of a mare's being spoilt, and-afterwards reclaimed, and even that instance could not be cited as a steady nag. The most careful and skillful man. agement will have htiie or no effect. But it is not so with the horse. I do not re mem be f to have seen a single instance where the male of that species of which we nre treat, ting, has been judiciously roeneged, after be. ing ever so badly spoilt, but thut he was re. claimed, and where almost as much reliance was not to be placed in him, as when he wan first hitched. My experience would go fully to establish the fact in my own mmd, had I not tho experience of others. Being a staunch advocate of domestic manufactures, I a. wnll nnimnir. a? inanimate. Y aa?. Wiannr ! seii to keep more of the females of (hat ape. ! cics on my form than of the mM!o,*fcecause of the advantage of raising my own teams; but thounivcrsul awkwardness of negodri. vers, added to the facility with which mares are rendered useless for the collar, by their being balked or stn lied, dtad fed mc to abatr* , don the plan of raising my own teams, and to prefer, (at least in a measure.) getting them from abroad. There are exceptions to this, as to every general rule?Where the mare is good tempered, docile and easy (D manage, I believe them to be superior te the horse, for all purposes?Hence f would advise every one in purchasing horses, to select, (if he buy a mnro.) only such as"* have either never been worked in harness, or, such as having, been worked, Jjave ! proved gentle and easy to be goverd&J.? | My attention was first oatied to this subject ; i manv years since, bv reading one of the ; tales of "the iniinitabfc, though often imitas ted Miss Marin EdgcWortb," ns the celeFAfated John Randolph called her, (which 4 > said works, Mr. Editor, by the way, I must 5 take the liberty of advising you to recorn11 mend to your young readers, as being tnoro 1 , replete with sound morality and good sense, | and as wortli more for the advancement of . i children in honest straight.forward industry, > i and in general knowledge, than in oil the /: balance of modern publications put logeth,jer.) d ! B it in this tale to whirl) I was alluding, i j an Irish posiihon :s rrpresentcdas bctng c:\JJ!