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% - 1* *. - , JKL. VOLUME V. sanssaaBRsswssaaasfi EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR " TERM S: . Ifpaid within three nweths, $3 00. I! paid within threo mooths after the * close of the year, ?.*.. 3 50 If paid ^within twelve months after the ' close of the year, . a ... j 4 00 - " ? ! C Aft Jit not psio wiuuD row uiutjf ? ?v Two new subscribers will be entitled to the paper the first year forjtve dollars, paid at the time ofsubtcribing , and five new subscriber? for ten dollars paid at the time of mbseribiag, No paper lobe discontinued but at the option of the editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisement* not exceeding sixteen lines, inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty cents, each subsequent insertion. Persons Bendin^in^tdyerUae n^ca t3 arc redoes. iu*eHe<r; otherwise they will be continued-till ordered oat, and charged accordingly. 0*The Postage must be paid on all commaleati ons. ^ EPIDEMIC AMONG HORSES. A disorder is prevailing extensively among Horses throughout the Southern States?In North Carolina, Sooth Carolina, *nd Georgia, it is very general, and we understand farther West. ? The symptoms are an irritability of the whole system?with fcvorishness, and in ^ some cases actual fever?slight watering or mattering about the eyes?with a cloudiness about the cornea?languor?refusal to eat d?slight husky cough with slight dicharge from Iho nostril?swelling of the legs? ? * -? - ? ! 1 " ' Stittueas in roe loins una tegs?wonmmuv* only one leg being affected. It attacks in some cms with colicky symptoms?or the womb becomes excited and mnrcs cast Ibcir foals?in others inflammation of the bowels comes on. Should the catarrhal symptoms oot be controlled early, swelling of tb? glands of the throat and neck take place wi h inflammation of the windpipe and lungs?high fever and puffing of the kin?the inflammation of the eyes increases and result# in blindness?the stiffness of the limbs bocomes worse?spasms come on ?with intense ferer, and inflammation of the brain or luags takes plafce, and death follows quickly. In many of the cases rest and light feed are all that is necessary. The disease continues but three or four days. In most of the cases which have occurred in our neighborhood, the irritability of the system , has been checked, and the disease controlled by single large bleeding, aod for BXlktJ- ?? mwnol U- mmmrnm -* ? one cos% where high fever was present, and highly inflammatory symptom, with increasing stiffness in the limbs, great swelling of ibe legs, and disposition to spasm with acute paia in the bowels, we saw eight quarts 01'blood taken from the neck, foi * -t t ?_ towed an eoenw ot two ounces 01 ununanum procure immediate relief?the symp toast returning on the following day, eight quarts more were takea way, end a repe* tiioooftha laudanum. two or three times gave permanent relief. In one fatal case which we have seep, symptoms of intense inflammation of the ^ trachea lungs and bowels were present?in another inflammation or the womb. We consider (he disease as catarrhal? o fleeting4he mucous membranes and glan. dular system?coming on with a general irritability of the whole system, which un. less immediately removed, is followed by inflammation of the most irritable organ of the animal?in soroo horses there being a greater disposition to have one organ affected than another, as no'iced in mun? colds producing affections of the air lubes, bowels, or r ieumatic symptoms, according to porticuhu susceptibility of individuals to take on dtvuase of those kinds. While noticing the present epidemic, we would throw out a few hinn on (lie diseases of horses io general. Most of them are inflammatory, and the extraordinary power . of the heart and arterial system riqurcs, that where fever is present; the most vigorous depleting measures should be used at on early period. More horses die of inflammation of the stomuch and bowels than from any other disease, and most persons who have given attention to the subject, notice how very rapidly inflnmmation runs its course in a horse. This renders it important to attend to symptoms immediately, and we con scarcely go wrong in bleeding a horse with symptoms of colic or bots?. ami giving enemas of laudanum?frequently horses are lost by waiting for the operation of a purge?in twelve or fifteen hours inflammation will run on to en uncontrollable rt9 while ordinarily 20 or 24 hours will necessary for the developemem of the action of the cathartic; large bleedings followed by large doses (preferable by enema) of Laudanum are more sue. cessful in controlling inflammation than any other means?and we consider this as the most valuable treatment in aCute cases of - this kind. In Chronic affections cathartics or laxatives may be used beneficially. A long controversy has occupied for. riert and gentlemen who attend much to horses on the subject ot bots. A great many insist that they are injurious to the Horse and cause death?while others are "pefectly convinced that they are harmless. Writers of high reputation are arrayed on both sides, and believe, (like the knights of the shield, who viewed it from opposite sides and fought about their difference of opinion) tbey may both be tight. During 4 healthy state of the stomach it is covered with a secretion of mucus, upon which it is upposod the- bot feedswhen a horse is driven too hard, or eats too much, or drinks Injection- % VI UiUVMO* ww v ii ^ " ?? soothing mixtures or laudannm relievng to** i?o it w 9?W?d)-i-un<i oiso of rubbjog the chest and belly with turpentine giving ' ease. It is by quieting inflammation 01 transferring it to a less vital structure, and thus relieving the primary disorder.f It is much to be regretted, that medical gentlemen pay so little attention to the dls. eases of this noble animal. How many valuable lives might be saved, if they did not consider it bnneath the dignity of the profession to be Horse Doctors ! "Of all domesticated animals, the H< rse has the most powerful claims on the syrr,. pa:hy and attention of the medical procti. tioner. The lawyer may construct his briels?the parson may perform his clerical duties?and the merchant may grow rich . in his counting house with little assistance from the horse; but to the medical man, this spirited and intelligent animal is as essential as the knowledge which he re quires in the schools, or the medicines which ie prescribes for his patients. The horse is his companion and best friend in the country. He carries him proudly through the crowded street?he conveys him snfuly over the midnight heath. Ho shares with his master in nil the toils and in many of the dangers of professional hfe. Ho is ns much exposed fo the elements?more indeed than the physician and surgeon?and lie is not exempt from many of the diseases to which hit superior is liable. To mil* tarnation, fever, rheumatism, organic disease of the heart, liver and lungs-the horse is very prone; and the study o! his mtiaoies is as accessry to the medical practitioner in a pecuniary point of vie*-, as it is interesting in a pathological."?Dr. J. Johnson. In England veterinary Colleges have become frequent, and the latter publico, .lions, of the British press shew the estima. tion to. wnich ?hta fa** ? Md. "Th" Society lor the diffusion of useful kllUWIedge" has published the best aHktory of the Horse in all its varieties end uses," and we recommend it to the perusal of all mcdi. cal practitioners and gentlemen who value a good horse. ^ So long os a horse is healthy and able to work he is highly esteemed,but as soon as he becomes diseased we are very apt to order him to **go to grass," or we think ourselves lucky to get some one else to take him off our hands. If a faithful servant were to become sick, and wo give him away to gei rid of the trouble of keeping him, we should be considered unjustifiable and cruel, bur with a dumb beast of a horse there is notk ing wrong in t?and we dismiss him from our thoughts as we do from our presence. This is a common pr ctice; but we know of many exceptions, and take pleasure in stating the Tact. The improving spirit of attention to fine s,ork is correcting the abuse ehewhere. VVu trust that it will do so with us. Carolina Planter. t The question in regard to the injury done by bots in Whether tliey^ever attack the stomach; and not Whether they do so always when pro. sent. It is welt known they do not always. We onoe saw an animal die in great agony, the sc.tt of which|was evidently some part ofthe abdomen, ; as was evinced by hor actions. On examination after death, the stomach was found to contain a large number of bots, with the internal coat abraded in large spots, and a number of the bota actually clinging to the stomach about the edges of tlieso spots. Hera we had occuLr proof that hot* did in one instance, at least, attack the stomach. It was a number of years since, when we understood loss of the animal economy than wo now do, or our observation might have been more particular.-Ed. Far. (*az. HINTS ON HORSES FEET. To the Editor of the iY Y. Spirit of Times: Dear Sir,?As this is a season oftue year in which a great number of gen-iemen pur. chase their horses, i will not be inappropriate to give to the inexperenced a few hi-its respecting the horse's fool, than which their is no part t>f him more important. No gentleman would willingly drive a lame horse, nnd th6 cure of the di ease becomes, therefore, a matter of general interest. As I intend to consider the foot, fully, it is necessary that I should examine the anatomy and physiology of it, which I will do as concisely as possible, for it is of the greatest importance to the ara -teur that he should ha vesome knowledge of the construe, tionof these parts, both for his own gratification and to detect ihe impostures practised by someofour soidistant Veterinary Sur* - * * ? v_ geoas, should bo appeal to them lor auvic**. This coumry is not like Europe, where the Veterinary Surgeou is required to go through a preparatory course of study, like other Physicians or Surgeons, and must have hid diploma from a regular Veterinary College before he can practice Ins profession. In shis country, any one choosing to call himrclf by that name is received as a Vetcrinaty Surgeon without further inquiry, and hence the profession of thb branch ofxnedicine here is at so low an ebb that it is Tokened almost disreputable to belong to it. Bui 1 trust tbisttate of things will not long continue but that application will bo made U i * * A R 91 JM J%* D ' CHER. I I U mmmmmmmmrnmrnmrn \ cold .water whed heated, inflammation o . (he mucous coat of the stomach is ap* u * .1. take place?the secretion is ircquennj checked-?-the stomach in health is protoc ted by the mocus from the mechanical irri tation of the bot??but now its presence or an unprotected inflamed surface increase! the inflammation, and disorganization ra< pidly follows?ulceration effecting wha 1 the bot is supposed to make, a perforation 1 through the coats of the stomach or bowel, 1 This perforation wo have seen where nc I bots could be found?and we have seen i: in horses where bots were thickly present ? and here we have invalriably notieed the ?? -I" ?W? fMntiAndv hpnr ol ERS' t ERA W A AW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, I * V I V ? * f the Legislature by our public spirited citizens I > who own horses, to found a Veterinary Col- f i lege in this city, which would soon place the s . study of the diseases incident to that noble f animal on a more desirable footing. r i Placed on a such a basis, scientific meif tl i would be induced to engage in the professi ion, and it would be no longer considered b t derogatory to the character of a gentleman s I to be So occupied, nor should we longer be p , tho mere copyists of Europe in Veterinary c > science. But it's time we began to exam- *' I jne the horse's foot, anatomically and physi- f< , ologically ; that part of the foot which is vi- ' ? sible when the horse stands on the ground * f is called the crust, or wall of the foot, its ll r general figure is a truncated cone, and is ? > divided into the toe or an'erfe>; pert, quarters h r or lateral parts, and heels or poStffrtor parts; ft where the hoof and the hair entirely encircle U I the superior part of the foot it is called the c coronet, immed ately undernea h which is h I the coronary ligament, from which the crust c , is secreted in long filamen'ous horny, fibres, a ' which extend downwards and forwards the c I whole length of the hoof. They are nutur- u t ally aggfutimoted together, but may be se- a panned by maceration into distinct fibres ; tl i on raising the foot from the ground and ex .i amining the under surface, it will be pTcei- v ved that the crust does not terminate at the tc i heel, but is inflected suddenly inwards, for. si ming a very acute angle and, exending o down the s.des to the point of ihe frog. This ol inflection is called the bar, winch n very nr often cut awjiy by the farrier, under pretence ol of opening the heels, which purpose would si be better answered by leaving tnem alone. 01 All the inferior surface of the foot extending f] round the frog is called thesole, while that p< portion of it extending backwards, filling up in the angle formed by the ii.fl ctron of the d< crust, is the seat of corns. Th?? triangular in por ion in thfc centre of the foot is called the y frog* and consists of an apex and base, or > two bulbs divided by a fissure in the middle at called the cleft. This is the seat of running thrush, and the fissures on either side con. ?< . necting it with sole are called its commi- 1 sure8, gi On removing the hoof from the wnsible foot and examining its internal surface, we are struck at once with the peculiar laminated structure that meets the eye. Its ap pearance is very similar to the under surface of a mushroom, while about Ave hund- y red of these plates extend round the whole crust. |There is, of course, a similar number of sensible lumiose attached to the os pedis am AaIR.% Iwvma nn?l Int/ieal RaHiln ss*? ffliaif wi wuimii uuiit tfiiu inr iui v" ??iu -v? ??? IWWIIIUUIII fibres of the crust, and ore intimately connected and interlaced with the sensible lami na, so that one of the insensible laminae is received between two of the sensible, and vice versa. Th? laminae are highly elasic. and aro the seat of that inflammation in the feet commonly called founder. This nr rangement of tfie laminae, and heirgr a e- . . lasticity, is what gives the horse such a de- 81 cided advantage over other heavy animals ]? in the rapidly of.iiis movements, for when * going At the top of his speed, the momcn- ?' turn, with his own weight added,when com- * ing to the ground, would give such a shock, " that he could not possibly recover from it, if 1(1 nature had not provided an agent (or dtflus* P ing the concussion. And wh t contrivance 111 cou'd have so admirably performed this ^ function as the on > under consideration, by l* whiih the ho se is. us it were, si/spcnded from the earth by four setts of springs pla- ,:i ct-d in such a manner as to lake or give nc- ^ .cording to circumstances ? The external 01 form of tin? 8'-nsihlB foot is very like thai of 18 the insensible; being very wasculaivihe vcs- P sels (orm a complete net. work, cross ng and H anastomosing with one another in all direc lions Tnc principal artery extends around n the inferior margin of the os pedis, and is 1,1 called circulus arteriosus. The i wo n?xt tn ^ importance su e the ar erics of the bulbs of n ihe frog. Too sensible frog is a consider- " abb* mass of cariil ign-hgarm-ntous and fatry ^ matter, and forms an excellent wedge for V preventing contraction, provided it is not P 'pared away, or pluced out of the way of all ^ pressure, as is too often the case. The ^ Horn's which properly In-long to the foot are 01 two, t)?e principal one being the os pedis, or coffin bone, and the navicular bo. e, and the 81 inferior part of the os coronas. The exter- ? nrd form of the os pedis is very similar to ^ Mat i.f ihe hoof; its externa' surface being ? very rough for the attuehmenf of the sensible 0 jfirnmse ; is is very porous, being perfora.ed w th torimina in idld-rectNins, for the trins. c mission of biood- vessels and n*Tvei; its in. P ferior surface is smooth and concave, the 81 posterior arched and rough, for the insertion of the tendon of Me Jlexor pedis perforans ,r muscle, and of ilie ligaments of Me navicul- *' ar [>one. The navicular performs '.he office of a sessamoid bone, and where the tendon a of \Ue Jlexor perforans passes over it,, there n is n bursa mucosa, which is the seat of the M navicular disease commonly called chest p founder. The superior surface of theos pedis, v together with the navicular, articulate, with h the os corona, he anertor superior part of the same bone forms an eminence for the at- '' tachraoutof extensor pedis. In the superior y part of us aiae. or wings, there is a depree- 11 sion for the reception ol the lateral cartil- w ages, which cartilages sometimes become ^ ?' ? ? -1 r.._ Ma anaaiA- #1 f 11/Kn t S i OSSllieu, iiuu mcti tuim wtit. *^vMvS u. i in common parlance is railed ringbone. It , is highly necessary that these lateral carlil- h ! In gas should remain in thoir natural state, c i tor by becoming ossified they lose their e- a > lasiicity, and destroy the function of the t surrounding parts. ' t I 1 will now consider the external form cf n t . sound horse's foot, and point out the defects i: ) most frequently met rith on purchasing n t OA 5 % / d r,e a t FRIDAY, MAY 8, 1840. { " * torse. There should be a proper obliquity rofli the dWdtiet to the* foe, tho angle of rliich thouid be asnearly as possible forty ivedegrees, and a straight line from the ehoriet to the toe. If the angle be less than tiisfcand particularly if the line forms a mrte inwards, the probability is, that h?bas eta- foundered, and has a "flat or convex ale, and although SuCli a hdrse nlny be at fofMft sound in his paces, he \v?H soon be. otn*" pi#and lame. If the angle is greet-, r tfMrfbrt y-fire degrees, the foot is liable i dwaae likewise, but not so much so as 1 the mentioned form. We should Ikefispebsefse whether oae foot is larger iss aaotfeer, for if so, owe of them is disossd f sad, it the ??t are preterms t ua I ly W m N?? U ? tikawisr sn otpec:ion, IT m that case they will genemHy bw found ) have corns, and are vere hable to sandnick, and ossification of the lateral carti. iges. If any of these last be present, it onshtutcs decided unsoundness. One*, mining the under surface of tho foot, a oncove surface ought to present i.self filled, p in the centre with a large heal by frog ; J flat or convex sole is objectionable, allough accompanied w?th u good frog, whxh ley generally are, and in a concave fout -ry great imporance ought to be attached > the appearance of the frog, for if it be mall dwindled away, there is generally a Detraction of the foot, probably the -effect frunning thrush, or bad shoeing. Youj lay Hien pick he dirt from under the heels I'the shes,and observe whether there sn> gns of corns having recently been pared ut; something may likewise be learnt by camming the kind of shoes that ha ve been Jt on him. I nc? d not here describe an iterfering shoe ; when they are worn it is a ttcid d ohjeciion. for wh*n on n long jour ey, or going fast in company with others, our horse interfering and going on three gs, might' iiuse )ou more vexation and [inoya tce thuu the animal is worth. In my ncx: I shall treat of particular diseats of the feet. inks D&ysdalb, M. D. Veterinary Sure son, No. 18 Fifth Street, N. Y. SILK-CULTURE. From ths National Intelligencer. [odel establishments in France for the promotion of improvemenle in the Silk culture? Lecture* by Beau via and Rnbinet?Statements of the success attending the new system of TTyifTrrfrrr nf "f 'Vt"1 fa# silk?Actual coat rearing twelve ounces, by M. Maxado?Quantity of afforded by multiticaulia?Bourdon'aobscrv&tions upon the new system?Description of the arrangements for carrying it on?-System of rearing pursued by the Misses Rein a?This system particularly recommended to silkworm feeders iii the Uui. ted States. The introduction of improvements in the Ik culture will be much more readily ef< cted among an educated and intelligenteople, having no prejudices in favor of Id modes, and every thing to learn anew, ian among those whose uneducated minds avc, by long hab?t? become wedded to par, cular usages, in the central and northern arts of France, the disadvantages of dilate have been in n*greaOrfc*gree overcome y art. The adoption of improvements in .a o/tnsfnirfinn at enrnnnnrics. so as to in ire warmtK nnd that free ventilation so inHpensable, have ennbled them to oiiiain in vicinity of Paris three times th? weight f cocoons from a given quantity of eggs that i the average produce in jhe Southern deartments, the consumption of ieafrs being t ihe same time fifty per cent. less. Atlhe lodel establishment at Bergeries d?* Senart, ear Paris, under itie direction of M. Camlee Beauvois, the results obtained have in. et d surpassed all anticipations. The silk lade- is remarkable for its lustre and rength and commands an extra price.? /ith 1,000 kilogrammes, or one ton 2,240 pounds) of leaves, not sorted or icked, Mr Benuvais has produced 00 kilo, rames, or about 200 pounds of cocoons. V mulberry plantations at Bergeries ocupy about 35 acres of ground, and when ley get irno full bearing are expecied to ipply sufficient foliage to rear the product f at learn one hundred ounces of eggs, M. ieuvais preserves his silkworm eggs not nly to any period of the ensuing year most anvenient to have tnem hatched, but even 11 the year fallowing this, in which last use ihe eggs have been found to hatch eriectly well, and go through all their lagt 8 with regularity and vigor. By raising the temperature and increasig the number of repasts, he accomplishes is fenJinga in from twenty-two to twenty. >ur days, thus saving much valuable time nrl labor which mnv be devoted to trimming iuIberry trees and other objects connected 'ith the business. The rapidity of the enring has not beeu found to impair the alue of the silk. M. Beauvais has exened imself to diffuse all the information upon le subject which his opportunities enabled im to do. His cocoonery is open to all isiters, and, during two months of the rear* tig season, he receives gratuitously those /ho place themselves under him for the lenefit ofhis observations and practical induction. Among the scientific individuals who lave devoted special attention to the silk culture is M. Rabinet, member of the Roy.1 Academy ofyjedicinc. He is director ol hejGovernment model cocoonery at Poiciers, wh^re he has distinguished himself by ho success of his labors. He gives gratutous lectures upon the silk culture every ictisoQ o! Paris Tho course begins io Feb* EET1 IZ E i . i n i r # ruary, and cdrwVs of two lectures a week, l delivered on Wednesdays nnd Saturdays, immense advantages must result from the lectures of.Robrnef, and the practical eourse of instruction by Benuvais. In a recent report mode by Bourdon to the French Minister of. Agriculture nnd Commerce,* he, gives a statement of the success obtained in cocooneries where the new modes of heating and ventilating have bqen adopted, to a greaser or less extent, compared, in many instances, with results artewJum upon the ordinary plans. He firtt presents the experience of iho model co. cooneries established in the departments of from* and Vnucltise. In the first," says he, "at Faventinrs, near Valence, the beautiful race of silkworms called White ^imv^htained from M. Benuvttis, yir-WetT ?Tjp?bduct of T^kno&raritf* mes (or about 171 lbs )'?of cocoons, with a consumption of 1 000 kilogrammes, (or about one ton 6f 2,240 lbs.) of leaves. 'iVo races of worms* produced yellow cocoons, one from Piedmont, the other from Ardeche, gave 165 lbs. and 158 lbs. of cocoons for the same.quaniiiy of leaves. "In the second cstabhshmeftV situated upon tl?e grounds of the Marquis of Balia. cour., near Pnlud, (Vyncluse,) upon the ' bank* of the.Rhpne, in a locality where the mulberry leaves are Very watery and but little nutritious, M. Puhz'?f.has.ohroineK] 132 ' lbs. of cocoons to the ton of leaves. He. operated with the eggs of the White $ina, obtained wider the superintendence of M. Aubert, it) the Royal Domain of Neuilly, wti'ch eggrtho King, In his enlightened zeal for the succes of the culture, had requested to be -placed nt the disposal of the Mftrqws of B ilrncourt.^ * ^ "The produce of oti?er cocooneries of this proprietor, managed upon the common plan, do not yield more thart from 44 ibe. to 56 lbs. of cocoons to the ton of leaves." With some difference in the proportions of leaves consumed, similar crops of Co* coons appear to have been procured by nearly all the feeders wha have availed' themselves of the salutary influences to be derived from a uniform temperature and constant renewal of the air.- Thus M. ; Thannnron, member of-the Agricultural So. c ly ot Drome, obtained on his estate, near Valence, 168 lbs.i>f cocoons to fhu ton df leave*. M. Robert,at Saint Tulle,near Mansoque, deps of Lowor Alps, obtained the fof. lowing results : The product of eight ounquality. It must be observed that M. Rob. ett only gave his worms the advantage of; the new mod* of ventilation after they had passed the third.moulting. Not having net hurdles, his worms were fed on temporary i J ti ! Donra siwivcg. . Upon' M. Robert's estate^ the average product of feedings made by his tenants, who pnrsued the olJ raetltbds, was only about 61 lbs. of cocoons to the ounce of eggs. M. Mazade, jr. at Aaduz, (Card,) in ope. fating upon 12 ounces of eggs, obtained 605 kiltogrammes (about 1,331 lbs.) of fine cocoons with a consumption of 9,103 kilo, grammes (abom 20,000 Jbs.) of leayps: that is to say, ebout 147 iba. of cocoonsrfor ivory toa of leaves consumed. The same amount of foliage afforded him .only about 88 lbs. of cocoons in his other apartments, which, though* superintended by himself, had hot the advantages of that ventilation arificial temperature, together with the perfect equality in the several stages and frequency of rrepasts, maintained in the system of Beauvajs and Daroet. The Agricultural Commission of AlaifraWarded a gold medal toJd. Maaade, with the expression of its thanks, for the fmo example set to his district. The temperature mabtained io the - cocoonery during the experimental feeding of M. Mazade ranged botweon 77 deg.| and 73 deg. Fali't, whilst the degrees of moisture ascertained by De Saussure's hygrometer varied from 65 dog. to 85 deg. We leoro from M, Mazade tho highly interesting fact that the whole amount of laborrequired in this rearing of the produce of 12 ounces of silkworm eggs consisted of 111 days work, of which thdseofmen were 46, and those of women 65. Now, supposing the wages the samo as those set down in Bourdon's calculation, namely, 40 cents per day for men and 25 cents (or women, then Will the whole expense of labor amount to $34 65, which is much below the expense of rearing estimated by Bourdon, namely, for feeding the produce of only ten ounces of eggs. * The 1,331 lbs. of cocoons, sold at 35 j 'cents per lb. would bring $465 85, which, sum, to those growing their own trees, { would afibrd a handsome profit, even after allowing 50 or 100 per cent, additional for j exoense nf labor, and saving nothing ofj premium or Sine bounties' Supposingthe j ' cocoons reeled off into good raw 6i'k, and sold at $5 per lb. the proceeds of the orop j would be increased lo nearly 8700. . j In estimating the costs of raising s?lk in j most parts of United States, tho main items! are for suitable buildings, fixtures, and labor, the charge for land being a very insignifi. cant item, as the following fuet6 will suffi. j ? ciently prove: The Rev. D. V. McLean, of New Jersey, actually raised last year upon one. fourth of on aero 2,576 lbs. of leaves from muliicaulis trees produced by roo'4 nnd ' cuttings planted in -April of the same yoar, with which leaves bo fed worms enough to Ann^ea do U Soviets Scrrisiotc, 163d* p. 53. * v ? V* t. *1? : MJd - ** % WW^BW??4 NUMBER 26. W ? ? / / P I enable him to make twelve pounds of rrele4 silk. He states that his ground was by oo means rich* and the trees small, though pretty cfesc together. At this rate, more than 20,000 lbs. of ft?|iag?-can be obtained from two acres of multicaulis t recta, the first year of planting. Here is a fact of immense importance to us in tho United States, and, for the- clear demonsttation of which, to say nothing of other services he has rendered his country, we feel ourselves under great ehJigutions to Mr. MeLeatn? The multicaulis, and, indeed, any other variety of mulberry, will afford nt least three times ns much foliage the second year as the first. The proportion of leaves consumed g| M. Mazade's feeling, to the ^oonooa, produced, is about 15 to I; Urn samo which DatuJoJo^vBs a* ttn Stance and product"accordmg to his etperii?ece.? We hovb seen, however, that M. Beauvais has obtained at Bergen**, nenr-Putfs, 1 lb. of cocoons to 10 lbs. of leaves, which is tt saving of 60 per cent, both in fbliago and the labor of gathering nnd. distributing. One of the most romn/kuble instances of success-reported by M, Bourdon is tint ob. tnijted by M* Plane!, Vice President of the Tirjbunnl of Valence, and member of the Agricultural Society? Por .many years hia cocooneries had bken almost entirely swept by the muscardinc. After the adoption of the-new systvtn of ventilation, hi? worms hot ooLy escaped ttoo devastating disease, but afforded h?m 350 kilogrammes (770 M**) 6f cocoons from si* ounces of eggs,'Mwk % i Ma-rate o! nbout 13u ids. oi ceooons ro gaap ounce. The results obtained id rworiwr^ ings, conducted in I he two model 6dhoono& ic! of Drome and Vaucluse, uflord sthjflp evidences of the boppy itifhmnees sprawl by the system of Beau vais. Manage*! upon precisely the same principle?, and under*' sipilur circ\imstaijces..as regard! the inte. > rior of the cocoonery, notwithstanding the difference in climritc, they progressed with perfect uniformity. Each age had exaciiy the same duration?rind is to say, five days from the 1st, inciudiog the 36 hours of moulting,.or sleep; three days for the 2<1; fist for the 3d.; fibe for the 4th i and $ix for the 5ib./Phe temperature during the wliole time of the roarings was maintained, as nearly as possible, between 76 and 80 dcg., Fahil'nhcit. The degress of moisture varied from 78 to 85 dfcg. nf De Suussure's hygrometer. .Twelve repasts per day were gjven in the first and second ages, eight and four'h. and ?ix in tte The examples here cited will suffice to show the advantages derived from the nejv system of rearing silkworms, introduced in. to Fraoce by Beauvuis and Da reef, founded chiefly upon the combined infiuences of a high and uniform temperature with increased frequency ofropaats, and constant renewal of the air. "It ia true," (M. Bourdon observes in re. lation to this sys*em,) "that the cares and attentions are multiplied ; that very frequent removals of the litter are absolutely neceseary ; that the least neglect in the distribu tipo of the repasts cannot fail to ue atenflcd with serious consequences. But, on the other hand, the duration of the attentions and anxious solicitudes of the feeder is abridged, the ill effect* of changes in iho weather diminished, the moons of producing refrigeration?always more difficult to apply than those of procuring warmth?ore provided. The rearings may he finished be. fore the coining on the tonffes, especially in late seasons. Finally, the tree, being sooner stripped of its leaves, does not suffer so much as when these ore gathered i derJP It is very evident tint, as this forcing system of rearing admits of no deficiency offpod, and no dolaysdn its distribuiibh, a sufficiency of manual labor must be &tcomma rub in order to carry it out thoroughly.. We will introduce a very short description of the model establishment at Rcxgeries, near Paris, which will give some distinct notions of the means which tfie objects con* templated are accomplished. The apartment destined so the rearing of worms is 72 feet (French) i?. length, by 22 wide, and 14 high. The furnaces ami air chambers, for heating.or cooling the air, aro outside, and the warm or cool arr is :n. troduced at pleasure through pipes or fioep, constructed of wood, and placed in or rather under the floor. These flues are pierced .with holes at suitable distances, being made larger and larger in arithmetical proportion ! as they recede from the air chamber. Cor. reiponding flues and holes are placed above, nil of whxh unito in-one general box comma, n'rjitinfir with a ver.v large and higb chimney. " O , - * - . . _ . from which the communication can be cot off at pleasure by means of a valve or damp. er* * I -Bcforo cn'.eiing the chimney the upper | /lues lead into a box or kind of rpain flue, | above which is another box provided with a | ventilating fan or wheel, which forces, or, asr it were, pumps tho air from the cocoonery, wiien the draught, of tne chimney will net keep up a circulation sufficiently active. Before setting the ventilating wheel in motion. , . y | Thb great cffidieucy of this plan of vcnH. ' luting h&s been demonstrated by expert. ' meats, in which the cocoonery ha vtag been I filled with emoko has been cleared t>y tlm I draught ofthe chimneyand turning the ven1 dialing wheel at thetate of 70 xpvolutioaa } u miuutp, the smoke has boon druwu out in 92 timcites, of ubout onC'-fourth t|ie tirup' required by tiie chimney. *\ 4jj tho uAmerican Silk -prowur, i?cct^y . published .monthly, by \V. Ciroaey J era,.fit Buri:ngtonf.Ne\v^Jersey, I