Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, May 01, 1840, Image 1
VOLUME V.
a??? ?amriiiM wamKmaumm
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR
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From the Franklin Farmer. j
Roots?Necessity of ofhsr products besides I j
Indian Corn for stock?Importance oj
judicious Rotation?Farming in Eng (
band. j
Maplcwood, near Lexington, Nov 28,1839.
^ To the Edi or ofihe Fianklin Firmer: i
Dear Sir :?Much nticniion seems to ;
be ih'rected nt this moment, in this Sta'e an I '
elsewhere, to the irqportnnce of introducing 1
some auxiliary crops, to supply certain '
qualities of nutriment, in which our old 1
staples -ire deficient; and in c iso of a de- 1
fault of these to stand in tho place of -sub"
s'ifu'es for them. Those who'have bestowed
care upon any of the domestic races
of animals, well know the ndviut ig , summer
and w inter, of let ding, in part win sue. 1
culent food. The vegetable juices which '
it contains, seems 'o he as much relished by
these animals, as the most savory gravies
by their intejligi nt owners. Ti a 'hey aid
in the preservation of health, is sufficiently
demonstrated in the superior condition (if
animals wh eh are fed upon them. T e
skin of these, soft and pleasant to the touch, f
is coiirely free of s mrf, and their h ?ir
sm .oth and silky, shines with h natural od. (
In this section of Kentucky, w o ar p- rhsj s !
as well supplied ns any portion of the. Un on
with this valuable de scription of food. The 1
common r)C, which is now generally used
for wir.ter pasturage, appears to be exc e d
ingly nutritious, and sock of all kinds gitze (
it with avidity, and we have bcsi?!? * a wonderful
resource in the beautiful biucgrnss, ]
which like a mando of charily from on high.
c covers our country even in the bl akest
weather,with an exquisite and delicious verdure.
Rye and bluegrass, in fact, upon 1 rg
f rms, and when the season is pro i i us,
a o nearly all that the great faimer van s
* " * - - .,1
B a our t'iII and wint? r p isiuh n,.-in- nui <u> . (
Hays eqtmliy good ; snows up* of uncertain
duration ; and many small farmers t ann< t
Allot a sufficient portion of pnstur" lor winter j
use ; and in all cases, especially where labor j
is more abundant than land, the cuh'vation
% of a judicious as-ortment of roos would well ;
repay the farmer for any trou le and ex- ,
? pen?e that it might cost. But ?no:her weigh- (
ty consideration, which may be mentioned in J
favor of introducing the general use of roots
as an additional farm crop, is that from the
different time of seeding and maturing, it is {v
very likely that the root crop would often
hit when the grain would fail, and thus roots (
which are themselves sufficient for stock,
without either other food or water, would j
rise in the scale from the second to the first
place in the husbandry of years of
scarcity. It is unnecessary to enlarge upon (
thisofpic. Experience has impressed it i
m - 11
upon the minds or most ot us, mat smun
grain in ourclima.'e is precarious, and tho
annual variation of price, indicates bu? 'two
plainly that even Indian corn, our staff and J
support, is not abso!u:e!y sure to reward
the farmer with a full return. During the
present year, it i9 said largo droves of our
s'ock have been sent to distant parts in quest
of grain, and thu9 many farmers in the pres.
ent season have not only lost tho l>en< fit of .
personal inspection and care of their stock,
but besides,have derived no benefit from the
manure of animals stall- fed upon their own ,
land. In the quality of manure, aptly called
the sheet anchor of agriculture," roots are
fully equal to ether descriptions of food; j
aid the great qmntity of liquid manure (
which they produce, tends greatly to nnsten ,
the decompositions of all the other contents
of the farm yard. ,
Were it only necessary to find new crops
to render tiro chances more promising oi a
full return, I think it not unlikely that the
horse bean would answer the purpose. It
is greatly cultivated in England and France,
and 1 have often seen it growing in our
American gardens, with as mach apparent
luxuriance as it attains in the fields of either
of those countries. In Europe it is of easy
culture bring sown in different ways, either
broadcast, drilled or dibbled. It is put in
the ground about the time of sowing oats,
and hundreds and thousands of acres teem
with the production of it.
Roots, however* are superior to this article
for most of the purposes to which I
bave above alluded ; and it is no doubt a
bad practice to multiply greatly the products
of a farm, except when the condition
of the land requires it. Butadmit ing the
feet, that the wise division of labor and the
application of attention and means to one
or a few productions is as essential in the
conduct of a form as in any other branch of
human affaire, still in different soila and exposure*,
different crops may be expected to
eucceed, and it is only hy the success of
.1 ?V it CI
*
CIIERi1
the aggregate of a nation, that the horn of
plenty is mode to overflow.
M -ny farmers, unfortunately,' avo been,
deterred from the root culture or have aban.
doned i; a'ter insufficient triai from having
made an improper selection of roots. A very
safe mode to determine which are the best in
any particular situation, is to apply the
toughston", of experiment, and hero we arc
irready facilitated in our inquiries by the
s:s er science of gardening. Our gardens
n fac answer nearly oI) purp scs of t " al.
In this sect on, fbr instance, I find by referiencc
to my garden, that beets, c;irr0;s and
parsnips succeed best of the roo's ; that pr.
tatoos do well, and that turnips are exceed,
ini*ly precarious and could not by any
means be relied on. The familiar volume
of expe ience is therefore easily read and
applied. . But at this point, the invesiigat'on
becomes confused and is difficult to proceed.
Among the numerous varieties of these j
roots, which are of the easiest culture and j
afford the greatest yield? What crops do j
thev best precede and what sh m.| I J
they I) made to folio v ? T u se 'nioresfing i
i quirios cannot yet receive a satisfactory J
solution m K-mtucky. When the root culur?
has been long practised as a branch of!
igrieu'ttire, a new volume of expei ionc?-,
niv b compil- d, con aning the t)"st roofs j
tnd the b'*si v iiet'? sof each root, for differ i
itit situations. In this part of th< Un o ,
he science is sfdl to be ascertained and do J
luced from fai h'ul experiments. Perhaps j
it may noi bo amiss "o sia'c tha1 in foreign .
Agricultural works, the mangel wurtzel is |
rminfained by many to b" superior to the '
Swedish or any o'her :urnip for farm pur?n'l
i' -J ifnnn.-i t! ir ftflmilU'd IO '
/i/V (1IIU iifii ?i tc? >||I V -- ?
>e better for a clay .soil. That carrots,
hough the acp'ablf proifuct <s not so groat,
is is rhe lurmp, are thoug t to he the best
bod known for improving the?, wind and en
finance of hors '3?that recent statements
vould seem to indicate that the sugar bee',
be white variety of the mangle wurtzel, do
veil in many parts of our State.
In spi'e of a great <J sire to conclude this
Jesuitory ie: er, with \our permission. I
vill cite as an exampl" of tne application of
)f knowledge of the character I have been
resting of, the system of pursued i.i a fine
arming district in England, which came
jnder mv personal observation during a
/isit I made that country in 1835 6. Ti o
Jistrict 1 mean is in Yorkshire, not vrydisJ'stnnt
from the old city of York. The ro-!
ation of crops ;s admir blj ad ip'ed to tin .
soil and clnna h, and tho stock wliirh con- j
jume them, are selected wi h such judgement
and so used, that they may in fact, be
said to labor in the immediate amelioration
>f tho soil. Indeed I saw here combined
n an improved system of husbandry, tho
omits of a most extraordinary success in j
ju'ture arid breeding, acting and re-nc'ing
ipon each other. L Kentucky, wo have
i:ways ? ppreeiated the ?kill which is npilied
in b'< cduig and re;.rng fine varieties ;
)fstork, but wc have no doubt, generally
jcrn too indifferent to the importance of a
udirious succ? ssmn of crops. I think it
ivas remarked by (? neral Washington, that
any sys'em in farming is-'etter than no
ivstem." and a Briton has truly < bserved,
hat a proper rotation of crops, "remedies I
til confus on. distmmi shed and arranges tho
season, an J the appropriate mode of work,
economises labor, reciprocates fhc improve,
nent of both soil and stock, and forwards
he interest of both landlord and tenant."
I urn satisfied that no American could
lave seen with my e\es, without drawing the
:onclusion 1 did, that a good rotation of
:rops for tho difF-rent sections of our coun
:ry is a subject of momentous importance.
But to return from this digression. The
practice pursued in the district I have men:ioned,
is called the Norfolk system, anddelends
for its success upon the alternation
if green and white crops. From this circumstance
it is called by so mo, "the alterlato
system." The most common rotaion
is the following, via: Hirnips, barley,
rlover, wheat. But besides the principal
juccession of white and green crops, in coninuing
this system, a chango is made for
he purpose of resiing the land, in tho paricular
green and white crop used in each
year, or otherwise the clover is suffered to
remain for two years and is pastured in?tead
of being mown. On the clay soils, in
this district, liable to poach, the turnips are
J? ? " .t'"J thn Ia nmitlpH
jt awn ciiiu kiu^u ui iiiu viu|< ?
Altogether nnd beans or some other substituted
for it; but on sandy soils, they are
fed on the ground to sheep folded upon
them. On the latter description ofland, a
wonderful improvement is wrought, and it
was upon such a soil, that I saw the great,
est amelioration ! ever beheld, effected by
judicious culture. It elevated very much
the opinon I had formed of agriculture
as a science. On one side of a hedge I
saw the finest crop of Swedes imaginable,
the drills 28 inches apart, clean as a garden,
and tho turnips touching in the rows with
scarcely an omission. On the other siJo a
howling waste of sand.
Tl/e preparation for the turnip crop i3
very simple. The drills are formed, and
bones broken up in mills, are laid in t'lem
at the rate of from 15 to 25 bushels an acre.
They are often mixed with ashes and distributed
regularly by a drill machine. The
turnip seed is then sown on the top of the
drill at the rate of thr ? pounds to the acre.
When the roots are ready for use the
tops are cut off and carried to the straw,
yards to be consumed by cattle, and a
small fold being formed of rope netting or
hurdles, the sheep are introduced. These
eat all the bulk, except the lower part, which
is raised from the ground with a small prong
ERS'
IE R A W <H
tW, SOUTH-CAROLIXA,
ar.d also carried to the s'raw yards. The
sheep are then removed to ?ino h"r part of
the field, and so on, till the whole is gone
over. The kind ofslvp which I saw used
here were the New L"ic?'ster, a sheep of
great bulk, which yields the much es'eemed
combing or long wool of England, b'ut of
which the mutton, to my palate, is course
and ra .k. It is, however, a profitable
sheep to raise, boh for its wool and flesh,
and I was informed, that those who were
e gaged in sheep farming were more piosP'-rous
than most other farmers. Toe New
Leices'nr mut'on b^nrs in myopini , about
the s.?me relation to the South Down or to
our common K -mucky mutton, that the
j middling of the hog does to the ham, and
P'Thnps might be useful here for '!) same
nnrnoodo Pai* tnr\ i rli I! i 11 t r o QPn timul -
IVI WIIIV.II llllliui'11^9 Ul?
H wver this may be, on a sandv soil the
New Leicester shesp is a capital laborer.?
Besides the great value of his m inure;
which, is equally distributed by ihepr?eticc
of folding, the land is very much improved
by the nmping and parking and irirorpo
ra ion of the manure wi?h the soil effected
with his fivt and w .job is called in one 1
wnrl the mtwtgrmeal of tup J-inl. 1
Besides being fed to the New Leicester 1
s >epp the mos artificial animal prokablv in
existence, the turnips raised on the farm on
w.iicii my obaerV'itions were principally
made, were nlnofrd in consideiahle quali- j
ties to the adntfr< d Shoit Horn Durham
cattle. When fed to hese last, they aro ,
gjven about at die rate of iwo or three bushels
n day, together with straw or hay to 1
each full grown steer. . 1
The mode of farming above described, 1
borrowed originally from those excellent 1
farmers, the Flemish, would not entirely
apply in this part < f the State, but in many 1
p ?rts of K'-n uckv and'he Union, part?cu. 1
larly on light sandy soils the practice of a !
similar system would rffct a groat change, 1
and ev. n h?'re some of its principles might 1
be used with advantage. I
In viewing th" m any beautiful farms wi'h 1
which this district of Yorkshire abounds, I
that Were one considered worthless, I was
induced to believe that there is not so much 1
difference in the intrinsic value of land, as is 1
generally supposed. Some Ian Is, deemed 1
d>nd for useful purposes, in fact only lie 1
dormant until dm npproprile s;stem is ap. I
plied, when :h?*y he^in to reveal wonderful '
and unexpe cted fertility. <
The introduction of the turnip, suiting as I
this ro^f does her weeping climate, and I
much of her soil, has been of incalculable t
benefit to England I is now actually th? :
ens*' that lauds whieh rented for shilling*, >
now rent for pounds; and those which were 1
onco barren wastes,are now among the most I
profitablesoils for cultivation. Uonesarecon- i
yyod from nil parts of the world to the ports <
of that country ; Brazil has furnished a good I
supply nnd even :h?* Uui?? d S afes have con ?
tributed to die crushing mills of Britain, i
confess i havo never seen an account of I
vessels carrying out botu's to Europe, with. I
out feeling pained by the r> flection that they
wore pre -isHy the best manure for some of I
our own lands. I have sometimes looked I
forward w th gratulation, to the day, when I
a regeneration shall be effected in certain I
pars of America by skdlful agriculture; <
when those parts of the Union, now deemed i
bar; en and almost worthless, shall rise in <
the scale and furnish their full quota of po- I
duction. I
If turnips will no? sut the soil and climate <
of iho West, perhaps they would answer at t
the East; and who would not rejoice to se-' <
the sauds of. North Carolina, Virginia, i
New Jersey, D<*leware and Maryland, cov- i
ered with countless flocks of sheep, an ani
mal furnishing as it does, both food and raiment,
precisely the best suited for a dense ?
population; who would not be pleased to i
see the manufacture of wool more extensive- |
ly prosecucid and the fabrics of American i
looms generally used by a healthy, pr s- I
perous and happy population ! I
?' -
But the gre.it change rttecieu in me condition
of England, and which might probably
bu wrought by similar means in some see,
tions of the Union, has been brought ubout by
a judicious sys;em of rotation andculture
and is but one result of scien'ifio agriculture?,
Happy the day, when the soil shall i
be considered as ir? truth it is, a great terra
cognita, full of wonders and pregnant with
untold blessings to mankind, i remain, <
dear sir, your ob't serv't.
HENRY CLAY, JR.
From the Villago Record.
marks of good cattle.
Ma. Svndeb?there is a disposition
manifested by many persons to improve
their stock of ca tie, I have thought that a
few observations upon the subject might b<
- 1 - < j ? i.. i..
Rccepiaoie 10 some 01 your r?na?*r*. ???
diana, the two principal ohj-cta in breeding
cattle appear to be b?ef und imHt. And as
certain forms are found to pos*"s* particular
qualities, I shall proceed o d>-sorib what
nro the proper forms, and what he desirable
qua!.ties generally conn^ced with these
forms; and in doing this, I shall avail myself
ofthe experience and observation* of others
The head ought to b" small and t >e muzzle
fine, the countenance calm,the horns fine;
the neck light, particularly when* it joins tiehead
; the breast wide, and projec.ing w?'U
before the legs ; the shoulders moderately
broad ot top, and the points well in, so as to
leave no hollows benind them when ;he animal
is moderately fat; tho girth behind the
shoulders should bo deep, so that if the curcass
was cut across here, it would be an oval,
blunt at both ends ; the back straight, wide
flat; the ribs broad, and ihespace between
ihem at thehips small; the flank full and
%
GA5
4 - y I . t *
r M VE R T
J\. - .
FRIDAY, MAY 1, 1840.
heavy ; the belly well kept in and not sinking
much in the middle, the ribs globular,
wide across. and on n level with the back;
the twist should be wide, and the seam in the
middle of ?| well filled ; the thigh should be
straight, tapering tydl down to the hock ; the
legs straighr, short jointed, cle ?n, fine bow.
ed, and standing wide apart ; tho tail broad
towards the top, tapering down, and the
smaller toward,* the botom the better ; he
body long, and jo'nted well to the quarters
before and behind ; not barrel-shaped, for
ibis doer not allow sufficient depth, but a
section ofjhe body should be an oval, blunt
at both ends.-^Whnre tie body is barrelshaped,
there will be a deficiency both be*
foro arK^ehmd where it joins the qunrers.
I slmll now proceed to state the funicular
adv.intnot'S nf fn#? nhr?v? dn?rriln?d form.
The reason why the head should b small
and the muzzle fine, is that it facditutes birth;
arid us the? he id s compose I mo>t y of bone,
it shows fineness of bon<', the advantages ol
which nre that the animal possessing tuem
will fatten upon half the food th it coarse,
big.boned, long-jointed ones will require
Calmness of countenance, als ?, indicates a
disposition to get fat?the res 1< ss and vis
cious never fatten kindly.?The lightness ol
the neck is advantageous to the butcher,
who will get less coarse meat in such. The
wideness of the breast and deep girth give
greater room for the lungs. A straight
hack shows strength, a weak nnimal being
generally sway or hump backed- Poor
keeping will produce those deficienccs in n
calf that was at first well formed. The
straight back rdsodeno'es an aptitude to futten
kindly. Much depends upon the room
the lungs have; no animal can be good
whose lungs occupy a small space, and as
the lungs occupy all I ho space within the
ribs, so it is of great importance that ?h?*
space inside of thern should be large?for
this reason the ribs should be spread wide,
tnde.t end well h ick towards the hips. The
full heav) fl ink in tne cow is u most certain
indication of a goo l milker, and too bul! thus
formed generally produces cows that mlk
well Tin; belly b ing nearly straight shows
strength in the fl it' .s. Globular ribs hold
much flesh, and i; is much easier put on
such than upon those that are sharp. Wide
ribs give a broader loin und m ?rc capacity
to the pelvis. From too h:ps to tho rump
long and straight with the back, iho hind
quarter ihat is thus formed will weigh very
neavy, the wideness of the twist, and the filing
up of the seam, gives the greater weight
o the upper par of the thigh. Si might legs
ire stronger than crookod ones. Clean legs
und small mil show fine bones. Short join's
in the leg is also an excellent mark of animal
fatten ng easily, for every animal requires
lood to fat en it in proportion to the length
af the l?*g. A short.legged animal with a
large body will fatten upon less food than
* long 'egged one with a small body.?
When the hrisk^t and twist are lnrso, the
legs will bo wide apart, and it is important
th .t both theso be lurgfrr.
i have sai l above thai the head should
be small ; but [ did not mean that a bull's
i?*nd should look like any thing but a bull's
lead, for if it looks iik? a steer's or cow's,
io wdl bo unrera n in propagating his species.
If the neck should be dispropor io iitely
long an ! sh nder, it douores a weakly
jonstnu ion. The bod) cannot well he t >??
ong whilst the egs keep wide apart, as a
long b ?dy throws mu h.weigh: in the cnr;aNS;
hut in very 'ong bodies ihere is a
en<ienoy in the legs io got too close togeth
?r, leaving the bre at thin nnd reducing tiewis:.
This I consider a serious misfortune.
In breeding it is of importance that
where thare is a deficiency in one the oth r
s'.ould be particularly good in that pan,
md the best should ul rays be selected for
hr-ed- r*; rejeciing every thing that is common.
Bv always selecting the best and
hre.'duig from them alone, any slock may
b'? very much improved, so that in a tew
generations hey will hanlly look as if they
had sprung from such a stock.
I h ivo frequently heard it asked, what
makes such cat leas I have described worth
more than others equally large. Tnere are
many reasons : hut I will confine myself to
three.?And firsi, they com- e irlier to m iturity,
tints saving in those th- t aro intended
for beef two or three year's keeping. They
carry more fat and flesh upon the most valuable
parts, (t is known to persons who
are in ihe habit of buying beef of n butchei, i
that he makes a d tf rence of foDr or five
cents in a pound ot meat taken from difFrent
parts of the same animal. Now it must
be pirn to every one, that those animals
which carry their principal weight in ihosc
parts that command the highest price, must
he worth the most, and of course he will give
more for them. Thev fatten upon hall the
food that-others require; of course ihey are
worth more to the man who fatten* them.
WILLI \M TICHENOR.
TREATMENT AND POOD OP YOUNG PIGS.
A Uminn
I'lUiil liic aill 'ilkau umuu mnutii
la ihe second chapter of tii s work, #e
Iihvo already ,illnded io this subject,?and it
is eertamly one deserving I'm* m >st careful
? onsid* ration,?care and at eutiou to these
animals at this tend' r age is of far greater
importance than the pr ictn c of many would
lead us to suppose and upon their treatment
during the few first weeks depends ihe ease
and rapidity with which they can be subsequently
reared and fattened. To wean
young pigs in such a manner, that they may
lose no flesh, during the process, and may
remain at its close in a healthy and growing
condition is an undertaking attended with
considerable difficulty. Their food should
* * 1
? /
*
KETT
W m . KB fiffiaf , JBL
* *.
i z e
BmiaiaiK?a?gaaegpMMMcaBaM
in genera! bo given moderately icarm, nnclf-c
m !k is undoubtedly one of the best articles s
which can be offered at this period. The a
produce of the dairy should, therefore, be t
us"d frequently and freiily. Many judicious tl
farmers have asserted, as the result of ex- s
pcricnce on this subject, that cows may be
kept, for the exclusive nourishment of young v
pigs, with great economy. That this will be ?
the case, when tho proceeds of the dairy are *'
given, no one who -has tried it will dispute, a
; S^vTiii instances aro recorded of hogs thnt
h ivo been faliened, entirely on this article Q
for the purpose of experiment \ af^ th? re- U
suit I as shown, that no pork is superior in f'
point of weight and substance. Of the as- ri
tonishing rapidity wiih which 'animals will k
thrive and increase while using it, we have
ourselves seen abundant proof, in the growth p
of an improved Berkshire boar, which was si
weaned under the direction of a highly in- P
j t' Higenr agriculturist, Solomon Porter, Esq., ol
of Connecticut, and afterwards fed almost tS
eu ircly on this article, and which a tained, hi
at the nge of throe month?, the great weight C
of one hundred and forty pounds. w
The practice of mixing milk with other p:
articles for food of young pig9, is highly re- pi
commended by many farmer?. Says a ju. 01
dicious breeder, in a letter to the Hon. H. te
L. Ellsworth,14 From actual experience, I
| have come to the conclusion, and practised : c;
peljion it for the last twelve or fourteen years j rr
of having as many spring pigs (that corns u
say in March) as I have cows for the sum- rr
mer, and feeding the pigs on m Ik or whey, w
mixed with provendor, ground from corn, ci
rye, oafs, barley, or buckwheat, and prcpa- b
red in the form of a pudding, in which way p
'ho pigs will like it bos?. Iflhey appear to be pi
clogged with one kind of grain, ? try anoth- s<
er, and ofien mix different kinds together." is
Th > au: lior of the * Practical Elements of hi
Agriculture/ suggests that pigs should be ci
weaned at the end of the first six or eight sc
weeks; and be fed three times daily with tli
wheat bran, barley dust, or by farinaceous si
fooJ mixed with water warmed to the w
tcmpcratuse of the mo'her milk, and with di
whey, or other rtfuso of the dairy or kitchen, oi
Young pigs, he remarks, are sometimes
disposed of when sucking the dam. In oth. w
er casos, they are sold when weaned, to io
persons who dusign to feed them, and in o?h. y<
er cases they are fed by ihe breeder himself.. w
" When they are fattened by the b:eeder, g
two modes of feeding may be adopted., y<
They may either be suflVred to go at large, j w
or they may be kept m pens and houses ; | d
by the first of these methods after being il
J ?j t?i r? _ :_j .:t ?i.?. .. I ,1
wonncu una iou-tur a [icnuu uiu:i mcjr aic | u1
able to shift for themselves, they are turned j b<
abroad to pick up what they can in the straw th
yard, a little green food as tares or clover, m
during summer, and turnips or potatoes dying
the winter being supplied to them. They m
do not, under rhis management, receive any fo
more expensive feeding until they are put w
up finally to bo fattened, wberi they aro con- m
fidod for a few weeks and fed on farinaceous w
and other food. The pigs intended lor this cc
species of manage should be the Jicst of the sc
smaller varieties, and they may tc k lied for as
domestic use or disposed of when seven or Si
eight stone* weight. All the accommoJa- ci
tion required under this system of manage- fo
menf, is a few pens with sheds: first, for gl
the breeding swino when nursing their w
young, a id second, for the pigs whii h are be
in the course of being fattened th
In a 1 casess upon a furm a certain ntir. th
i er of pigs may. be kept at large in this ar
mann r, for picking up the waste of the th
farm yards. But the regular cou ? of pi
m m igement and that best adapted, where d?
the feeding of tho animals is carried on m
upon a large scale is where separate feeding st
hoLr-t for the pigs in which a greater or pi
lesser number can be kept.* b(
Weanlings," remarks Mowbray, "should sr
have at least ono month of delicate feeding f*1
warm lodging, and chsp. The same kind j?
of food should be continued to them three in
tiin'-s a diy, to which they were at firs 1?
accustomed with the sow. The first food P'
should consist of warm and nourishing wash ?
wh? toer from the kitchen or dairy, thicken- n<
ed wuh fine pollard or barley meal. A ?c
portion of strong beer may be added as a ^
cordial, should circumstances render it w
necessary. The common wash, pollard
or meal mixed with waer, if scalded the ,
better. The same diet is proper for the !
pigs to partake of whilst sucking. Very
young pigs ought not to be left abroad in g
continued rains, and will always^pay for **
a daily moderate feed of old beans with h
clover.*' .. ,1?
"Weanlings are fattened for delicate ^
pork chiefly in the dairies, where they are n
made ripe in a few weeks. Generally a d
pig of five or six months old will be fattened a
m seven, or eight or, twelve weeks, d?pen- 0
d nt on his condition."
An English writer remarks, * Swine will 0
fatten much fast'Ton warm than cold food, y
Corn and cold water will make them healthy, *
out warm bdvenige s considered as requisite b
to quick growth. Somo English farmers c
urn in their little pigs to the fatting sty. n
Wnile - he fatting hogs arc 'aking their repast 8
the litilo ones wait behind them, and as soon ^
as their betters are served, lick out the
? c
irougu."
B^sdes advantage of having by this [
method no waste or foul troughs, there is 1
another : the large p/gs rise early to iheir *
work lest the small ones should forestall 1
th m, and fill themselvrs the fullc, know- (
ing they have it not again to go to. 1
The disadvantage of this practice is that 1
the large ones are apt to lord it too much j
*V?do Elements of Practical Agriculture, I
11 p. aoi. i
'B *. :
** . m- >
NUMBER 25. "
>ver the little one9, especially in ft confined
ty. If, however, "they hnve a separate
ipartment assigned them, with an entrance- .
do small.for the. fallings wine to follow them,'
bis disadvantage would be in a great me*?
lire remedied.M
A writer in Flees* lip cyclopedia, While
writing in regard to young f igs and sffiM
nth pig, holds the following language v? f
The sows considerably advanced in pigf- *
nd those wiih pig, should bo Cod in ft fcet2f
manner than the store P.igft. UTlje fe?v> r? > '
icr should be supped with-good jwoih
wice or ofioaer i? tiie day, and have } stifcient
allowancaof cabbages, potatoes,* carrs,'of
other similar vegetables, so at to .
eep them in good condition, wftlch'is shorn
y the gloss oFtheirconts. The sows with
ig, should b? kppt with the litter in scparte
ies, and be still better fed than those in'
ig. When dairying is practised, the waah
f that kind which has been preserved for
le purpose while the dairying was at its
fight, in brick cisterns constructed For re
living fmm the dairy?must bo given them,
ith food of the root kind, such as carrot,
irsnips, potatoes, and cabbages, in at large
roportions as they will consume them, in
rJur that the p:g? may be properly suj>pord
and kept in condition.
But when the business of dairying i9 not
irried on, so as to provide wash of that sort,
>enl of some kind or other must, Mr. Arth
r Young thinks, he hod recourse to for the
taking of wash, by mixing it with water
rhich, in-the summer season, will be suffiient
for their support, and in winter it must
e blended with the different sorts of roo'9
rcparcd by boiling ; or when for young
igs with oats and pea-soup. With this
)up and dairy-wash, when proper attention
bestowed, young pig* may, he conceives,
3 weaned and reared in tha winter season
fen, with profit and success. The pea
)up is an admirable article when given in
lis intention. It is prepared by boding
x pecks of peas in about sixty gallons of
ater, till they are well broken down and
iflfused in the fluid ; it is then put into a tub
r cistern for us".
When dry food is given iq combination
it!) this, or of itself, he advise^ oats, as hcg
much better than any sort of grain for
jung pigs, barley not answertn&jHforly so *
ell in this application. Oats hoarsely
round have been found very useful for
ounghogs, both in the form of wash with
ntcr, and when made of a somewhat
ticker consistence. But in cases where
te sows nn?ftp;gs can be supported with
airy wash and roots, as above, there will
2 a considerable saving made by avoiding
te uso of the expensive articles of barley
tea), pnas or bran, and pollard.
Mr. Donaldson remarks that in the usual
lode the pig* reared by tho farmer ere fed
r some weeks, after* they are weaned, on
ffty or butter milk or on bran or barley
eal mixed with water. They are afterards
maintained on other food as polatocs^
irrots, the rofuse of the garden, kitchen
!iiilorv. tooolher with such >>dilitinn<t
i ihey can pick up in ths farm yard.?
ometimes they are sent into fields at the
ose of hnrves', where they make a com.
rtublo living for several weeks on tho
earrings of the crops; o& at other Times
here the farms ore situated in the neigh*
)rhood of woods or forests they are sent
i ther to pick up the beach or acrons in
e fall of the yenr. And ?hnt when they
e arrived it a proper age (or fattening,
ey are either put into this fitted up for tho
irposc, or sold to distillers, starchmakers,
tirymeo, or cot agen. As to the treatent
and feeding of yorkcrs or growing ores,
conri Jerablo diversity of sentiments
cvails ; sorro contending that they should
* consttn ly confined in suitable pens or
nail enclosures, while oihers recommend
eir-ranging more at larger?where the ob?
ct desired is merely to keep these animals
i a thriving condition till ihe season of fatfling
arrives ; the latlef method miy be
ursued perhaps with some advantages,
till in these cases, t^e range aliowedshould
ot be too extensive, and generally confined
i yards in the immediate vicinity of tho
irn, or at the proper season to pastures
ell set in clover.
From tho Carolina Planter.
GREEN CROPS. **
Mr. Editory?Will any one believe that
rcen vegetable matter, when it contains
tost of the sacchorine, carbonaceous and
nrioaceoot principles, will enrich poor pine
ind that has been entirely exhausted ? ?
Vill anyone believe that a deed shade (ift
lay so speak,) will enrich lands ! If they
o not let them on the recommendation ot
successful planter, which is a good proof*
nly try the experiment.
Mr. Editor, it is as easy (and more honrable)
to state truth as falsehood. Ten
ears ago I had a field of 100 acres, on
- * * a 1L.J .1 " *
/hicQ i never couia mane more man seven
ushels of com per acre no way that I
ould plant it: though understand roe, I
iever manured any at that time. The con*
equencc was, I had corn to buy aaqgillft.
'Veil^l found Out it was a losing giiag/
ibout six years ago I commencedtltopn^
:es9 of manuring and redt&iming my same
ield, above stated; and last year I made,
natead of seven, (I had liked to have satd
wenty-scven: but as 1 was particular to
iteasure it, i will state) 24 1*2 bushels
:orn per acre. "Flow is that/' on* may
?ay. Wt ft, it is this way r one*H&rd, or
hereabouts, of that same field, I planted in
)&ts; just as they would ripen I sowed
broad cast, cow peas ; ploughed in oats,
peat, pops, weeds, grass and all, fib July ;
n September, ploughed In peas w they