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^ 4. J} ' VOLUME V. & ???? SSe EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR TERMS: If paid within three months, . $3 00 11 paid within threo months aftor the close of the year, - 3 50 If paid within twelve months after the - ~ J AA close of the year, 4 uu If not paid within that time, ... 5 00 Two new subscribers will be entitled to the paper the first year for Jive dollars, pud at the tune of subscribing ; and five now sabscrib :rs for ten dollars piid at the time of subscribing. j NcTpipor to bo iiscontinued but a the option of the editor till arrearages are paid. Advartiso.nents not exceeding sixteen lines, inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty cants, each subsequent ins irtion. . IVcptins seudiujjn .ivlvartiso.ments on; requesl 4.0 s'pocify the number of times ihcy are to bfc unseated; otherwise they will be continued till ordered out, and churgeil accordingly. KTTho Postage must be naid on all coramon'citions. Account of an Agricu/tunl Excursion tnto S.. John's, Barkley, by the Editor of the Southern Cabinet. No. 1. We do not bclinvo that we shall be able to render a more acceptable service, to the Agricultural community, than by visiting the different sections of ;lie So itiiern Sates, examining the so Is and the improvements made, the inodt-s of culture, economy and police, and reporting on them, as well as on such other matters as may fall under our observation. By pursuing this plan steadily for a few years, many districts will be examined, embracing every variety of soil and culture, in uil the various ways now practised among us. The practices of some districts will, no doubt, be found to be superior to thnt of others, and som? neighbourhoods, will surpass those adjoining in the culture of particular crops, or in their domestic arrangements. If these be carefully collected and reported, the planters of different sections will not only become better infoimed of the course of culture a dopted elsewhere, but will abo be able to compare it w.'th their own, an I make such alterations as their soil, locality and other circumstanvg may render desirable. While ednng the Sou hern Agriculturist, we gave an accounr of the M inagement of Pooshee, and of the Agriculture of Middle and Upper S . John's Berkley. We now proposed re-visiting this section of country to ascertain what improvements had taken place, and what alt ra ions made. Accord ngiy we left Charleston on the26ibof | December lust, and, as we supposed, allot- i ted ample time, uud so planned our excur- I lion as to attain our object. But unfortu- i natejy we were not able to accomplish all < we desired and intended. Nearly the whole i lifltt? WC WCTO lii If lO tuuim J y K WW qg WiVl and rainy as to render it, if not impossible, yet highly unpleasant, to venmreout even to ride from one plantalion to another. We, therefore, visited hut few, and our account both of the culture, product and economy of this section of country, is far less full and satisfactory than we hoped to have made it. We have had the pleasure, however of, seeing many of the planters, (soma since our return to town) and from them have added to our stock of information. But there are many things connected with the police and economy of plantations whtch we wished to have noticed, and odiers would have suggested themselves to us more readily while rambling about, than while seated by the firpside, or at the table of our friends. We wished also to have been moro careful in our examination of the vnrous ?oi!s ' ultiva'.ed, and more minute in our investiga" tions. Causes, however, beyond our con. trol, as we have just stated, prevented us from carrying in?o full effect our plans. The parish of St. John's, Berkley, is long and narrow, extending from the branch of Cooper River to a short distance above the - Eutaw sprin s, a distance of near 50 miles. Its Eastern boundary is ihe Sao tee, and its WesNrn. the o irish of S\ James, Go '8". " w ?F ? I creek, embracing thy Western branch of Coop* r River. The lower sect on of this parish includ s some of the finest Rimplantations in the Slate. Bit of theso it is not our intention, at present, to give any account, and wo shall therefore, coo fin*' our remarks to middle and upper St. John's. The soil of this parish embraces almost every variety, with perhaps the exception that the stiff clay preponderates, so far as to form what may be termed a clayey loam. In the upper part, the sand predominates, forming a very light soil. In this classification, we of co'irse confine ourselves :o the high lands under cultivation. Throughout the whole parish, pine barrens abound, and along the San tee, and in other places, pory'ons of the swamps are reclaimed The crops cuhivated ore cotton, corn, ??? ? i?ni>n/lrtiilc /1 m email nil.in. pc(l9) put0.lwtnj glUUItUMUKl y?? ? tities,) and rice in sufficient quantities lo supply the demand for f ?mily use. Cotton, of course, id the principal crop intended for market while the others arc general!) plant, ed only to meet th*? demand of the plantation; though we were huppy to find that on some plantations, corn was also one of the crops raised for sale, and tha' it was profitable. We were sorry to find, that no rotation is adopted, but that usually, the fields supposed best adapted to tfie culture of particular crops, were selected for these crops, and under such were kept with little variation. Yet to such an extent do they now carry the manuring sys etn, that these fields, wj;k the exception of those cultivated in potatoes, have actually so improved as, in some in. stances, to yield from 50 to 100 per cent,, more than formerly. This has been brought about, as wo have already stated, by mano ARM M Ji JSTD C B " J* C1IERA "?<? ???#! in n.tl.inn tunun iua mnm nlv:isod 1 I 'U^t <?|IU >11 Ullt'llli^ wcrio " V V.v fh?.t to find how universally this practice has been adopted, ancf how strenuously all are engaged in this laudable work. When we first \us'ted Si. John's, so little was the system of manuring appreciated, thai the few who had commenced the practice1 systems ically, were actually laughed at by their, neighbors as vision tries?not that manuring was wholly unattended to, but be cause they tho ighf i? impossible to manure I the wnole of their crops. Lutle atten ion, I ile re/ore, was prod to the sjbject. What I'tdtt manure wns made, was place I in meagre qu-ifttiti's around the corn, or Home crop near the horn-'stead, and the clearing of new land was relied on to supply the phew of those fields wtrictj wore worn out by constant cultuie. In this respect, we were hippy to fin! th,ire had been a great change of opinion and consequently of practice. O i every plantation we visi ed, (and w have understood, on all or nearly all,) the collecting, prep i ring and apply a g of manor' s, is considered of primary impor ance, and is now conducted systematically. The manure most used, is what is here caled * c mposf" It consists of qua >*r iMs of es. g >thered in the wo ?ds ' and carted into h" stables, cattle, sheep and < h >g pens, and from ili?*nco into the fi Ids. 1 A specific number of hands and carts are I set apart for h s work, and on no account < (on most plantations) are they diverted to I any otuer. Dr. llaveiv-l has one cart and ' mule, uith tbo driver, and two voung ne. I groes, (a girl at>d hov, who could not be < employed advan'age.uMly in tlie fi d J*.) con < s antly engaged in h ?uling in i%trash^ con- ' slating principally of pine and oak leaves' I raked up in the woods adjoining. The ? distance is nn? great, and with this one, t thus employe I throughout the whole year, * and the use of two ox earrs, lor five or six weeks in summer, lie nnn-ig^s to keep **very thing well li tered, and to make about 15,000 <>x cart loads of manure, each load averaging about 50 busb"l baskets. On this he ppns about 60 head of catllo during the winter, (nil of which lie regularly feeds) and about 150 to 160 during summer, about a dozen or more, horses, a tolerable large flock of sheep, and a number of hogs. Major Poreh'-r and Mr. Joseph Pulmer, keep four cans constantly at work, but the f distance they have io cart is grea'er. We < did no' ascer ain the number of animals I penned bv either of those gentlemen. At ' Major .Porclier's, we saw a quadrangular t pile of manure, taken from the stables * alone, the base of which would measure r from 80 to 100 lect, and which was from 5 f to 6 feei high. That from the cow pen we ^ did not see. We regret we had it not in c our power to visit the plantations of Messrs. < Joseph Palmer. Jas. Gil hard and Thos. W D Porcher, all residing in the upper part ol St. John's, and all actively engaged in 1 manuring their lands and improving their < crops. We htd, however, the pleasure of * meeting these gentlemen' after our return, ' in this city, and from them we gathered a ? few particulars, relative to these. I From the vast amount of new vegetable < matter (*nd mat not of a kind easily de- ' composed,) carried into the pens, the rela~ j live quantity of animal manure cannot b" large, us may easily be supposed.? < On some plantations, all of the cotton { seed, which can be spared, is spread i in one of the pens and this manure is 1 then used fqr the crop to which the cot- i ton jeed is usually applied. This plan, however, is very Imle adopted, the cotton ? seed b ing more generally applied alone, f O hers scatter over rhe pen, a short time I b fore carting our, a quantity of salt; whilst t others again previous to the hauling it t away, throw their manure into heaps, scat- ? tering between each layer, a quantity of f salt, sufficient to bo diffused throughout the I whole muss. This manure is highly prized ( and its effecis have been very gratifying. ? We shall have occasion to refer to 'his ma* nuro when we com** to speak of the crops. Liui", marl and ashes, are also getting 1 into use, and some small experiments * have been highly satisfactory. In some 1 few instances, ih Ieuv< s taken out of the woods have been at once carted into ihe fields, and used with benefit to the sue- i ceding crop. These fields are of a clay, i ey nature, and of course the best adapted i for such crude manure. I> was truly grali- | fying to us to find how much attention is i paid now in this parish to manuring* Many things, which nor a few years ago were . permitted to lie neglected, und were rather ( considered nuisances, but not o( such quon- i lilies as to require abutemeineQi, by being carried off, ase now Sedulously sought after, collected, and carted off to the fields at the proper periods, where they fulfil their destiny, by a dmg materially :o their fertility. In such just estimation is manuring now held, and so striking have been the effects, that planters are no longer anxious to cleur new fields, unless forced :o do so by the want of room. The attentiou of most of them is termed to the renovating of their ni l fields, and what a few years ><go would have been deemed a hopeless task, is now ' actually in progress, and fields which were deemed at most unfit for culture of any kind, are now restored to their pristine fertility. In fact, experiments havo b? en stated to us, going to show, that old fields constantly manured, (and in what would be considered but moderate quuntities elsewhere) have become maro productive, than fields recently cleared. YVo select an ;n stance furnish, ed us by Mr. Thomas W. Porchert Walworth. Among the fields cultivated by him the last year, were three. The first, which we shall designate as No, 1, was ERS> ' ' E K ? f W .4 * ' *. W. SOUTH-CAROLINA, considered as nearly worn out when he first i took poss?ssinn of this plantation, ten rears nifo. Nos. 2 & 3 were new|y>>cle ?r' d, and the last year, was 'he gero-nd andjIiiM of their culture. No. I hail been regularly plant'd every yar for the last ten, ten had also been constantly manured.: Nos. 2 <5c 3 were no: manured, for the second and th rd \enrs, ?r? deemed ihe most product ve. W t'lr the except on of ope OjMwo >enf{, Wh -n pots of jt *v??recul ivTtod, fon . had been grown on No. I. overy \ear; N"s. 2 & 3 had also been enHtqtfid in cotion. since th?*v h-id b-en 'feared. The product of he old fi? !d (No. I) was an iv? rage of 170 lbs., that trf lU? new. fields (Nes 3 & 2)135 and 160 lb*. Jjfp find also froirt referring to oor no eg, i.iat at Mexico, a field which had been cuhiv.i ed without rest since 1801, and noinlv th whole of that lime in cotton, produced 176 Ihs. per acre, while the new fields only two years under culture, yielded 77 and ll)9 Ihs. per acre. It mav l>e said, that the season of 1839 whs more f.vorahle to he growth of coiton in old fields than id nMw? It may have been,?still, however, we do not think that such a diff r?*pce cou'd have been produ c d wholly by the spason. Tnoae who advu. rate the clearing of new fields for the cuL tuie of col on, in preference to manuring he old, suggest that the experiments now trying nugh> not to he relied on, because tie b- st lauds were cleared long since, and those which are now being brought under sulture for the firs' time, nro what were cunsidcred inferor at the time that senlenents were made, and fi"|.!g located, while hat which is now und> rgoinga renovaiion, is old ami worn out fi Us, wero originally ho very choices' of the land, and therefore ire easily restored, while the new fields. )eirig of inferior quality, are soon exhausted,?consequently, that a true estima e of he advantages or disadvantages of clearing lew lands, or manuring old, cannot be nude, unless the new lands be also of the _ ies' quality. Allowing ail thai is asked, we cannot but think that if they will take a series of yeare, (snj 10, 15 or 20, the longer the better) they will find that the balance vill be greatly in favor of the old land malured ; for while the new land is losing its l ertility every year, and producing less, the i >ld will be gradually improving until it sur>asses even what it was originally ? I 3ut again, if the choicest of the lands have ><;en cleared already in this parish, is it not 1 hen far preferable to manure the old fields, I a'b?r-thon to dear new, which will last'but 1 or a few seasons, and then be worthless. ! iVe recollect making a few years ago, a :alcolaiion, in the company of a gentleman if th's parish, (an excellent planter, and an tdvocate for clearing new fiel hs) whether t was most advantageous, taking every hing into consideration1, to clear new fields >r manure the old. W? took for data, the ictual improvements made on fields w:ih vhich he was well acquainted, by manunng, ind on the other hand, the actual expend lure of time and labor bestowed on clearing ?nd working new ground, as furnished by iim8e|f, and the products usually obtained rom such fields, for a number of years ? rite precise period we do not recollect, nor lid we note the calculation at the lime. All hat we recollect it that the difference was n favor of the eld fields, he bing judge.? We forget also what reason he assigned for jot following out, or at least experimentng, with a view to ascertain how fur what tppeared so well on paper, whs correci in act. We had not the pleasure of seeing lim when last in S(. John's, but understood, hut he was ? most stren ious advocate f.>r nanuring, and carried it 10 great s ent. W. lo not know what chants have taken dace in h's opinion, if any, tor this rah'ua ion did ?<d occur to us at the time, and :onsequently we made no inquiries on the tuhject. [The facta and reasoning of tho following sr. icle with a few variation* th it will sujrg?** .hsmselves to evrry reader will apply as well to ;he Caaolinai as to Tennesx t ] TO THE FARMERS OF MIDDLE TEMNBftsRB "How is it thut the firmers of Maury are so in debt ?" is a question which wis aske t a few days since in the presence of the wri ter. This was a poser to the whole crowd present. It could only be answered that the fact is so, not only with he farmers of Maury, but of all Mid lie Tennewe, to a greater or less extent No doubt the farm ersnre about as weft off as any other class of citizens in these disjointed times?Iwt 'hey should be, of all men, the most completely independent and unembarrassed.? The great body of them are embarrnsed, and huve been for the last ten years annually d"rwwip* nf a nromot cotton pr||U\/||! UU IMV r 9 market. How few can wait even nix months for a sale of their cotton ? What scores of them are compelled to anticipate their cotion crops to keep off the sheriffM wouhi arouse my counirym-n. if possible, from the h thargy under which they have been slumbering. One good field hand can cultivate and pick out about ten a^res of cotton. Now what is the product of Ins labor worth ? On an av< ra e, Middle Tennessee hods willnot produce more than 800 lbs- to the acre of seed cotion, or two hundred pounds of clean cotton, wor'h(??l ft cents, which is a 'air average) $18. Multiply this by the | number of acres, and you have the value of that hand's annual labor?$180. Now compare this with other agricultural prod, ucts, and you will a' oncesoKe the question of the embarrassments of Middle TeDnesee cotton planters. #Aa ID VERT ** - . *g FRIDAY, APRIL 17, 1840 ? m'?""gg????Ipg?B? Tlie P*w gentlemen who cultivale Grass t es in l'?K County assure me iha1. they m ike < avenge crops of 2000 lbs. hay fo fit*1 acre, f It is safely computed that tho labor bestowed c upon 50 acres of grass does not exceed the I; iaborof one good field hand in the year. Hay c ne/er sel s lower here than 75 cts. p r bun ^ dred*?mors frequently $ I per hundred. Bu. u lei us take the lowes* price, and see wnai the n I ?bnp of a hand will yield in the grass culture, ti Ti?e product of one acre of hay (2000 lbs.), c at 75 ?*ts! per hundred, is $150. Multiply d this by thu number of acres in the crop, and ^ you nave the enormous product of the labor h of one hood. $75(7. If ties is so, is it not sur- tl pnsingtintihe gr? at body of our farmers are 0 stiil making cotton,which only pays $180 to ft the hand f Let any man who doub.-s it, look d .it the i .rify condition of the few shrewd n fanners among us, who are raismggrasses j v; most of iliem are amassing fortunes !? f{ Let uny man who doubts it look at the h grass and stock growers of Kentucky, who ^ are armuallv buying 'and at $80 and $100 hi an acre f whilst our cotton planters rarely ** ever catch up with their store bills. Vl Ah, hut says, one it requires a capital to l' sta't on, and a man should be out of debt and ') h ?ve money to lay cut in s'ock, before he l> turns nis cotton fit-Id into n s'ock fatm, and p1 r.... .... .... .ui? ?_ .i. u.?. o irw ui us air nuin in uu uiau p? My dear, sir, what better evidences do you A want of the ruinous efforts to make cotton on our lands and in our climate. You have B been planting co'ton ten or twenty years, ft and are not yet able to purchase stock to {* begin on! I would advise you at once, to in sell som>i property % which you can best spare, 1 and sever forever the chains that bind you. til Renounce, at once and fcever, a product /15 which k'-eps you enslaved to your creditors, c< nnd will no; permit you as a freeman to turn Y your lab r into a more profitable channel. The objection has sometimes been mad.*, bt too, thai we cannot sell stock when we raise et them?that we have no market. It is auf* ei ficient I trust to remark in reply to this ob- h< jection, that we are two hundred miles near. Id r the great market of the south, than ow P! neighbors of Kentucky, who have grown d< rich, and are combining to pile up wealth y< by means of this unmarketable commodity, el Hemp is a crop on which a few knowing pi farmers have for the last few years been yi amassing piles of money with small labor ; y< whilst the great mass of their neighbors h< have be. n content to make corn and cotton te with great labor and remain impoverished, w One of these formers fells me that his hemp ul lards average him fiOOIbs. to the acre? & that a careful calculation aolisfias hiaukiL (taking the year round ) the labor upon an acre of hemp is not grater than that upon ^ an acre of corn?and that he will this year nr realise 8S a hundred for his hemp. One nr good hand can cultivate 20 ucres of corn, M which, (hs our lands generally do not aver. *| age more than 7 barrels to the acre, which is worth not more 'Han an average of$l 25 ?2 per barrel.) is worth about $175. Twenty di ar cs of hemp, at 6001b*. to the acre, and H $8 |?er hundred, is worth worth $960 f For k' he last ten years, it t? known that Hemp averaged $5 per hundred. At hat price b the crop is worth $600. What a contrast ol between hi* and the value of the corn cr ip, or the crop of cotton. I onlv throw out these suggestions for ? the b< nefit of such of mv neig bora as U"V- hi t take the pmns to m ke these simple cab d cul iiions for themselves. ft is wonderful, if but i o less titan true, that whole communities go on fr >m year to year wasting the al swea of h* ir brows on unprofitable work, without ev?r lifing their eyea to see, or ol turning their thoughts to r fleet upon* the pi riches the tip of Ceres so invinpgly present* *' in oth' r and convenient form* of labor. f can point to more than one dozen frugal, in- 'c lustrious, corn and eo'ton planters in this al county, who have toiled hard for ten years; ^ and whom th?t nme hove not mode one p? rod cent by farming On the other hand, ai I can point to another dozen farmers, not a whit more mdus:riou* or economical, who A by cultivating grass or hemp, or roots, or tl payng attention to their orchards* or raising c stocky have sn ten vears, bought land and l' negroes to the value of half what they are ti now worth Do these facts not speak vol. * uines? I have others of eqwal or greater fore- whi.-h for the present I will reserve for another moment of leisure, when I will ?g'iin advnn ro this subject. Middle. Tennessee is all vrong headti in its farming. P Southern Cultivator. Clover. ' E From the Tsnaenes Agriculturist. t i THE JERUSALEM ABtlCHoRR. U CUnion College, Nov 20,1830. w Messrs Editors?For the satisfaction of y all who may feel Rn interest jo the culture of the Jerusalem Artichoke, I am disposed to give them, through your paper, so much of *' lis history and mode of culture as I hive 0 I It ' . . . -f II learned. Having aoour ivvswy acres 01 u this valuable product myadr, I am often in- c terrogated as to its nature, value and ruJtute, * lis botiinic name is He/ianlhus Tuboerg. c us, and i* is supposed o have been originally ' dscovored first on the borders of (he Gulf of & M? x co ; whence it has been curried nnd f cultivated in Europe far the table and for 1 tood for hogs. But it does not appear lobe f I so productive in England, where it has been I , cultivated to advantage, as it is here. There , 500 bushels to iho acre is considered a large f crop, but Iteru I am satisfied that one acre of ' common soil, the second year after planting 1 it, writ yield at least 1000 bushels, and many * acres will overgo that amount. So that I its native country is best adapted to its pro* ' duction. The race which I have was. discovered I i _ % - - 5ET1 " * m IZER. y3? v #' I . * ibout seven years ago, In Jackson countj >f this Sr;ite, by Mr. Samuel Young, am rom its correspondence with the descriptor >f lite Jerusalem Artichoke, ( unhesitating y . roronounced it the some. Before dislovering tho Jerusalem Artichoke, Mr. foung had cultivated for his hogs the comnon whi e (Ciitara Colymus) and finding 0 profit m them had abandoned their cuiLire. During last spring, about one.eighth ?fan acre of the Jerusalem Artichoke was iseovered on the furm of Hams Toggle of Vjison county. Mr. T. had seen them in afield fur several years, and regarding iehi as noxious weeds, bad tried to externnare them without success. But when he )und by compuring them with mine, That ley were Artichokes, he net a different estiiaie on them. From the farm of Mr. Young arious persons have obtained andculiivanJ them as food for hogs, all of whom unite 1 their praiso. And the accounts given of Kerr productiveness and value in feeding ogs, are almost incredible. Yet the state?ews are made by men of unquestionable cr icity, and the accounts of all who have ed them correspond, SQthat we can hard' disbelieve In the spring of 1838, a neighor of mine, who is incredulous to any re. ort which has the appearance of extravaonce, having heard of the products of the rtt -liiikfVi-AmjirlrpH thxt hp thought it look J like too many squirrels up one tree." Int when he came last spring to dig some >r seed out of my patch, he recalled what e had formerly said, and gave it m his opi on that it was equal to its representation, 'lie great advantage of the Artichoke is, lat it contradicts the assertion, that M there no royal road to wealth," for it will yield jnsiderable profits almost without labor, ou have (o plough the ground well in Jan?ry, February or March, (the earlier the stter,) nod immediately check off 4 J feet ich way, and dropping one Artichoke in ich check, cover them wiih the plough. A~ 3ui the time they come up, plough them ke Irish potaioes, and then oguin cross ough them one foot high, and you are one cultivating them forever; The first par they will make from 400 to 700 bush, s per acre, and af'erwards they will imrove for two or three years, tHI they will ield about double the product of the first !?ar. I now apeak from expnienee. The rigs being allowed to root them all ihe win. tr, is an advantage to them, because they >ot up and soiVn the soil to a great depth, nd the Artichokes will fill the soil as fur own as it is pulver Z'd. Thisthey improve >r yveral years, enough always being left y tlio hogs to sot Ihe grotunt Tutnpteirij. ind lest some one should object, that they light freeze F*planted rn the winter, I reiark that this Aptichoke will freeze and i<j w nil the winter, and still be as good in the ;>nng as if it had been in a cellar. The n.'y way in which it may be injured, is by cpoaure ro the air long enough to let it get ry. whe i i withers up lo a hard stick, [ence in transporting them, we have to rep them moist, in order to preserve them. Your hogs should not go on them tilt a. out the first of November, when Hie trouble f feeding them is over till spring, for each og 44 roots for his living." Sows with suckling pigs should not go n tnem. for the Artichokes injure the quali of the rnilkt so as to make the pigs wmdle. But as soon as pigs are woaned, tey will do finelv by rooting for their living. Heretofore, I h ive given Aiti' hokes* to 1 who desired th-m, and still give to my eighburs who will dig them ; but being ft' n Called on by persons at a distance, I ropoae to acommodate them in a manner mt m ill tak'- care of number one. Wherever persons will unite and take a wagon i;id, 1 will send a load, i can Jeliver them l G nl itin, N .shville, Franklin, Columbia, lurfr esboroutfli, or McMinnyille for 92 rr bus id, 5 bushels being enough to plant n aere* I am decidedly of the opinion that this trtichnke will farm a valuable accession to le Husbandry of the western country ; bcause ev"ry farmer may keep his hogs irough tha winter, wrdioiut labor, by devo. ng rugte I parts of his farm, or some thin oodiand, to Artichoke. Francis II. Gordon,. COMPARATIVE VALUE OF ROOTS. Me. Holmes:?In answer to your old ' armerV quer?? s. which lie wish"d answer* d in No. 8, vol. 8, of the Farmer, respect ig the worth of roots compared with good Jngltsh hay. corn. 6tc. 6ic. I would saj tut I consd' r 50 bushels of Ruta Baga jrirps for 8 nek, in the hands of a farmei no knows a thing or two about feedings our corrt ipondont expresses it, equal to c >n of hay, when fed with a ton of the latter; ?and that six hundred bushels well cleaned * an average crop of turnips on an acrt f sod when sHl (Jresned, not forgetting tc ise nsh*s freely as a top dressing,?which, :afling 64 pounds a bushel, is 86,400 lbs. ; rhieh sum, divided by 2,000, the numbei f pounds in a ton, is 18 tons 400 lbs. tc ?e acre. 3.100 lbs. of turnips is equal tc tton of liny, which is nearly equal to IS ons, on an acre. Of course they are equa 0 1*20 bushels of corn, calling ten busheh >f corn equal to a too of hay, but Isupposi j bus'iels are equal to a too.. From this data an old Farmer may maki lis calculations as to Barley, Wheut, dsc 1 have considered Ruta Baga of about at rverage worth *mong other roots for stock some think potatoes are worth more pei j us he I?carrots and sugar beets no doub ire?Flat or round turnips less. My experience shows that no kind o WBips de well on wet hnd, nor very dry 0 I'J.'.J L MM; V ' - ' ' * ' & * V * t ? -HJI . 4 * , .< i * ./* III wmmmmm^moBrn NLMBBtt 33. /? | ^ nor in time of dioutb, nor wiH any othet < i kind of roots, not even potatoes, i aware that many farmers suppose that Rata * * Bagas properly fed by an eadfejiencedjac-' . . mer, with hay an I s;r4W,ar<rwihasrm?eh; pound for pound, as English hay, but doubt this; therefore fnare made my cak. -1 cuiation as above. I hop&others wi^givjJ ' their views on this-subject. %j Maine Farmert ; -j manure jrtthe state OF^UI* '. / If't were well when ,!t y/etB (fife ^ * ' 'T were well 'twere dftne quickly. > . * Shakespeare. Mr. Holmp.s :?Manure is the. foftodn- . lion of agriculture. * If I Jjrar the oa/n? of* a farmer who professes to be skiifoi tc* his occupation, I ask my sell the question, Hoes he increase his manure by every possible mear.9 ? Does he read what the best wrij ters say on the subject of manures, and - does lie practice accordingly? I have heard many farmers speak to the praise of manure who nover in their whole kfe hauh ed a single cart load of loam, mud, tilrf or j other material either to the compost heap j or to the bam yard* Now this is what 1 ; shall call tip wisdom. We have it host of i farmers who are sudject to that terrible malI ady, lip wisdom, or wisdom in words only. ' There is no better remedy for this sore disease than resolution. Let the farmer who has been only praising manure for yeais yoku his oxen?no! the frost.binds the earth in Maine but six or seven months uf the year, but notwithstanding this the ; farmer may haul materials for rasnure : j i I say lei the farmer yoke bis' oxen; but | perhaps ho may thus soliloquize to himself, indeed f have other work whieh must soon j be done, but {ha ve teen talking more than j five years of hauling mud, turf,into ; my barn yard, and I am certain that it is not from lack of tune but frOmLdt of resolution that it has not been performed : J say go forward Buck and Bright, I wHl hqxe one load if it is the last act of my tile, it is only necessary for the farmer to acquire the resolution, and the dei^on of proems4ination instantly vanishes'. ' 0 " Rumford, Dec. 1839. , ' R. . Maine Farmer. i ? A SWAMP MOD FOR MANURE. Swamp mud appitec^on an upland loam, gravel, or sandy soil, will pay the expense of labor in removing it, two for one the firstyear, as the statement of fuels hereafter annexed fullyffo.vef, ^, ,. Loot fell ir ?tw>l lfti(ti tit _ muck on to a knoii of loam, and put it into one heap. In the spring, prior to planting corn, the muck was spread and ploughed under. The crop of corn, where the muck was spread, was large; I thought larger than where barn yard' rpanure wai put. A neighboring furmeraas made use of muck for several years. The first year he thought it equal to barn yaifi manure and its effects were perceptable a much longer time. The soil on- which the muck was put, was a warm gravelly loam. Tlie.muck was used by another neighboring farmer, for manur. ing corn in the hjll, which was used in the following manner: -Arow.ofcach oiternately, one of muck* one of barn yard manure and one of hog manure! Ho assured me the corn manured with the muck wae the best. The soil, a sandy 'Ion tins' A farmer in New York had four acres of gravelly loam, of equal quality, which be planted with corn. Prior to planting the ' com, he applied fifty loads of muck per acre, on two acres ; these two acres produced him one hundred and twenty bushels; the other two yiel Jed him only sisty bushels. The next spr ng these four acres were sowed with oats and grass seed. The oat# were more than twice as large on the two acres dressed with muck, as (hey were #n other two. The grass tor the lour cuccee- H ing years produced io much &e same ratio. B Many other similar improvements might be fl related. Ji is presumed that every intelii- B gent and wdustrious farmer wilt be satisfied B of the u ili y of muck as manure. Those fl farms widen are interspersed with swamps fl of muck and uplands either ofloam, sat if fl or gravel, may bo made at an expense of H from five to ten dollars per acre, capable cfH paying an interest, annaully, of one hundred H ! dollars, per acre. It is thought that tev\^| dollars ex pendt;J with ecowffnj,WtH In moFffll c rcumstances, be sufficient to csrt 1 spread one hundred loads of swamp maou/a^H ' on &o acre. ^B t These who own farms, situated as jul^fl ' stated, now valued at twenty.five dollars psi^| i i nrrt? have nnlv to snvtheword, and sofyr^^B I v - - - . 11 ward, for one or two years, to convinces i themselves and their neigbors^hut they hau^H i farms intrinsically worth one hundred doli^H ' ars per acre. HI > Why so 1 it may' be' asked. Becaus^^f , they will pay a nett proGtoverand above a^H ; expense, amounting to the interest of onl^ * hundred dollars. > Look for a moment at the statement <Hb > the New York Farmer above. He tells I he applied fifty loads of muck per acre, I the spring (though the fall is a better ? and the muck is better to be laid on iands^^| ' the fall) which cost him fivo dollar*. Cfl I this acre he had an increase of corn of ihid^f t i bushels; at fifty cents per bushel nhim I J would leave ten dollars nearly enough I I J pay the interest of one hundred and i dollars, at seven per cent., and this only r first year. It is worthy of considers t that by taking the muck from the low ditches may be made or improved, so f low lands will produce a bountiful crop >! mothy and red top. &c. It is desirable II