Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, March 13, 1840, Page 70, Image 2
* . iT* 9 . >
inconvenient to feed them. Notmore than 1
four or fjvo courses of branches should be!
laid on each day, und tiu) intermediate fr ed- !
ings should be with clear leaves, so that t
the p'le may ascend not more than an inch j
.itnd a half each day, and that the height of.
the pile on (Kfe shoff, when the worms begin ;
hro spin, may be about nmeor ten inches.?
If, however* the pile should get too high, I
or if it g*Ms damp and mould}'* the lower I
pait can be dasily removed by passing aj
. couple smooth sticks through the pilo two
hi three layers b^low the worms ; and by
mean9 of these, gently raise the upppr laywith
the worms on, and remove all be- j
low. We found no difficulty in cleaning J
our sb< jves in this wny. 1
During the whole iimo the worms ore j
feeding, nttmtention should be puid to clean- j
lifrfw?that is, the room should be kejrt free |
from filth and bad smell. In verv hoi i
/k _ ? 1??.?i? ...j i
WWM1CT, Kie W.IIUWWS sihiui'j uv uj.-yuuu uj i
give free nir; and-in cotd damp weather, if 1
ircan be done, fire should be kept in the J
f?re~place. It is pro pof" to observe, that
unless the weather be very cold, no other
injury will be dune 'he worms than stopping their
feeding and grow'h daring its continuance.
We have had weather sO cold, as
to produce thin jge in our coronery, with,
otit other injury to the worms, than stopping
|!>eir growth a few days ; that is, it required I
two or throe days longer to produce the 1
c ocoons than it would have done, had not
tho col J weather occurred. Therefore,
it is always bet'er to keep the room moderately
warm, by fire, if necessary, wt it is
not indispensable to very fair success.
If disease occur in the worms, particular- j
ly the yellows, the best way is, to.take lh?,
eck, worms from the she lves, nod . throw j
them away os soon as they ore discovered, j
The yellows, is bo;h a contagious and her- ]
ditary disease; and hence, if one Worm is j
ettackcd by if, it will be sure to bc-cemtrm- L"
nicated to tlwvptjters^ and worse thnn'thispt
even if the sie^^orro* get w ;ll, wh'ch tl.cy j
seldom do, the fcggs th^y produce ore a'-j
most certain to produce sickly worms, nnd;
by ths m'-ans, the crop of the succeeding f
year ?be lost. ' " :
WhcD it.can be'done ouo or two days''
/\Ch*nvna afmt'Tff ho 'i
wy*??? B- ,,
andJi<ipt ia a <*eilar, that tio damage may be ?
FUHptined during rainy weather, fttit-gruk* \
caution should be obscm d not to feed wv.b I milted
leaves. It were belter to give the ;
worms wet leaves th?Vn willed ones. If kVpt
in a teller nn<] occasionally shook abou^l.
the loaves will keep tKroe days In good con", f
dition. Where no collar is at'hand, nndf
s * where you have plenty of trees, you can }
kpep leaves fre$h three or four &iy?, t?y
cutting off the tops and branches of the'
trees, and set; jog the bu t ends in w;ater. ||
the end of a branch be set in water one inch {
deep, it will keep the leaves fresh. For this j
purpose, tubs odght bo used, and large i
quantities of leaves kept in this way.
The suivshould nevi f be allowed lo shine I
n? the w orms t and if any of litem are ex. I
posed 10 it, the window should be so shaded!
ty. shutters or blinds as .to prevent if. ' i.
Successive crops may be fed, if it be de- j.
Kired to occupy the whole season, by keep. >
ir?g the eg^s in on ice-house. end fringing j
oat portions of them at each time of hatch-.)
ing. * It is believed mat this is a much ber- j
ter plan than commencing with the whole 1
fit once. All new begimx rs^sliouid com- i<
rue nee in lite spring, w.ih one half an ounce j j
of eggs, to be hatched as soon as the leaves ?i
put our. From the cocoons formed by ?h;s \ \
crop, eggs for next year's use should be ; ,
s*ved, and rooters should be taught. The j
very best cocoons should bcfseWtcd to pro- J
due? eggs. A ready calculation of the J
twttiiber required, can bo oiadu by dividing j
*tb<h ?timber of eggs yatl want next year by ;
130. Thus, if you want 100,000 eggs i
next pf,hr, divide 100,000 by 150, ??nd the |
rfsuh wiH be 067 cocoous required for eggs- (
Let these not only be the besl cocoons, tmt
be certain that they wero rhe product of I
Iteabhv.worms. Addition to this, is one
the. most in^?mjl-reqmrerow*ts of the j,
art of siik making. And it is a matter of j,
much regret, thai it is not sufficiently Mten. j j
ted to. Those who make a business or!
selling eggs, are too much in the liabit of j
electing tneir best cocoons for making sew* j j
iug silk, and leave the rubbish cocoons, and j j
those formed by sickly worms, merely for'
producing eggalosefl, net to use themselves, j (
for they know tho value of them too well. I,
HShco, in purchusiog eggs, the utmost j'
caution should be observed in obtaining as* i
sura nee of their quality* The balance of j J
ilte cocoons of tite fuse crop, any be used
iu teaching the reelcr to reel.
Many person*) o/course, have no ice* '
house in whkh to Ktcp the eggs for sue c.c.s*ive
crops. "A very good substitute may : i
be obtuined in tho-use of a well.
* ^ - .1?? ; ? I
A deep cold well will preserve the eggs.
from hatching, Si well as an ice-house, if
they are placed In it at the proper time. H
ncccss to ibe well be conveniuqt, the best
way is, to descend to near the surface of
the water, take out a few brick or stone
from the wall, so as to make a place large
enough to contain the box containing the
?ggs, and place it there. If there le a
pump In the well, the box will remain there.
securely. If not, of course, caution most J
be observed in drawing water, not to allow |
fhe bucket to interfere with the box ; cud f
the place prepared for it should be on that 1
side of the welMeast exposed to the dripping I
in drawing up water. U is also said tint a |-;
deep hole, say ten feet deep dug in the t
ground in some shady plane, the box of U
eggs placed at the bottom, and the top coy. j i
ftied with plank, has preserved eggs in ex- I
eellcnt condition. I' Iwve never tried this; j
hot if the teinpcrarture in such a placo be i
htor nekivt 55 it will* answer the purpose;
_ (be coldness of tho place, no matter what .
. place it rnny be, is uii that is required. But
. ns we hate so often remarked, the egg*
. - . must be put in the cold place before the .
germ has commenced ; if not, even the
reddest ice-house will not prevent their
hutching at or ainaut the regular time in 1
spring. The egg> ot'ghl to be put in the
old piacu during tlrtj winter, beforo they ;
have bet", expos'd to tvarrh wcuther lr!
ihu?? preserved, portions of them may be
hatched 1ft nny time daring the summer,
nud thus, successive crops may be raised.
The advantages of successive crops ore
these. A room that will only contain
49,000 worms at one lime, can bo made
to accommodate that number seven times
during the summer, by hatching a crop
every three weeks, and keeping the yoortg
worms by themselves till the old ones spin
their cocoons, and thus 3306,000 may b*
raised during the summer. One person
can attend to them, e cept occasionally, in
clearing the shelves, when more help for an
hour or two wili he required. The person
thus employed steadily through the season, I
will bccomo bet'er acquainted with the bust
ness, than could be the case if only one crop
was raised.
(To be Con'inu^d.) <
mmmmmmirnmmmmm??PWBB*" ,
F A a M E It S' GAZET T E .
FRIDAY, MARCH 13, 1841).
* 1 1 1
For state of thp*JRivcr sco under Price Cur.
-?*N
rcat. ^ > <
Wanted at this UfEce a lad of good character,
from 11 to 10 years of age, as ao appren.*
tice. lie must be able to read.
We regret being obliged to divide Mr. Calhoun's
speech. It will be read with interest
?ll mfiallin, fh 'v aarrcao tL'ith I
auu pnxu uj aiif n nv?>?iv ? < j w
Mr. Calhoun on all the leading party questions
of the day or not It discusses net the question
of the assumption of State debts, but that
of dividing the proceeds of the public lands
among the States. Whetheror not the two
questionsare substantially the same. as Mr.
Calhoun affirms depends upo? a preliminary
q-iestion which he does not discuss, namely:
whether tho Federal Government holds the
public lands as its own property, or only, as
Some maintain, in trust for the States individually,
6ince the payment of the public debt.
If in trust, it i& no more an assumption or
payment by the general Government of the I
State debts, to distribute among them the 1
proceeds of the public land*, than it is an '
assumption of the debts of spend- thrift heirs
by an executor, to divide among them the |
proceeds of an estate devised to them# We ,
do dot now express an opinion o the queetioo ,
How the Federal Government holds the pub- j
lie land?. - y >. \ *
JuvaNAt op tub American Silk Society. .
The February No. of this very valuable perio- (
dica) ie-* before us. The ability-and judgment
with which it is conducted entitled it to the (
? ' I r Jli L.
eonnoence ana pairouage 01 au who art auvui 11
to enter upon tho culture of silk, or who wish J j
to get information on the subject. Price $2.
peranum. New subscribers who take both
the tirst and ^econd volumes arc charged only
$V. fur both.
. ?>ill -? ? ?
There arc now three candidates in nomination
for the office of Governor of South Carolina,
Judge Johnson, Col. Richardson and Col.
J. II. Hammond. The discussion on the sub-'
jcet has been conducted with uncalled-for asperily
in r.ne or two of the public journals.? ^
The South Carolinian, a few weeks since,,
expressed on- apprehension that a personal g
disagreement between two members of Con- c
jress, involving no political principle, was likely t
to split the Mate intc contending parties <;H ?
this question, and the Charleston Courier says l
tbat it understands the members of Congress
refered to are Messrs. Pickens and Rhett ? I
Are Use people of Soul h Carolina, like semibarbarous
clans of leige subjects, capable of
being led about to light the battles or decide ^
the feuds of lordling chiefs ?
_ . , \
The Charleston Courier anounceg the re- j
lignation of Vardey McBee as President of ,
the S. SV. Railroad Company. I
Co!. 6. F. Johnson, son of Chanoellor Da- I
/id Johnson, and an officer in the Texan Ar- i
ny. has been murdered by either Indiana or j
Mexicans, near the Rio Grande. (
A Convention of the friends of tiio present
administration has been projected to be held i
in Baltimore for the purpose of nominating <
Mr. Van Burcn for re-election, and fixing upon |
a candidate of the party for the Vice Presi- (
dency, The Charleston Mercury insists that
no delegates ought to be sent from South Carolina
; the Courier and Patriot, on the other J
hand insist that the slate ou-. ht to be repre- ,
scnted in the convention. The Courier says;
"Her pld position of keeping aloof from the
contest for the Presidency, as "a degrading
scramble fur office," in which it is unbecoming <
iier dignity to engage, savors strongly of the ]
r^ic^Jous?any one, with half an eye can see.
that this Is but playing the old game of sour {
grapes. Lot Mr. Calhoun, or any other of her I
favorite statesmen stand a fair chance for a J
. i
nomination, and she will be ready enough, and ]
even foremost, to scramble for the prize."
New Attack ok trte Credit System.?
A resolution has been introduced into the
Mouse of Representatives of Maine directing
the Judiciary Committee to enquire into the <
expediency of repealing all laws for the collec- '
tion of all debts under $20.
That the credit system is now abused very i
greatly to the injury of the community, is not 1
to be denied; and an impression seems at '
- * *- ii tt?n <ivtanaieo!v that
this urns ;o prevail
legislative interference is necessiry to restrain
it; Or rather, that the legislative facilities
afforded for conducting and extending it, ougnt
to be modified. This impression is so deep
aad general that the danger is either of too
precipitate action on the one hand ; or, on the
ther, of disgusting or alarming the friends of
judicious reform by violent measures, and
setting them against any change whatever.
Ray, convicted of forgery at the fall term
of ChesteriVHti Court, was hung on Friday j
hist. The punishment of Jones, convicted
nt the sarre term, of nrtrdcr, and sentenced ?
*. v '-r ' *
to bo hung, has been committed by tho
Governor to imprisonment for the term of
two years. V
Silk Woem Eoss.?Person* wishing to
procure silk worm eggs are referred to
two advertisements in this week's paper.?
Capt. Vanderford's worms from which his egg a
were procured, were very healthy* and spun
farge and beautiful cocoons. Tho Editor of
the Farmers' Registor, refering to Mr. Pleasants's
eggs, says ;
We have urged and induced our friend
Thomas S. PIcasnnts to undertake this business
to such extent as he can furnish a supply
of eggs that he knows, and can warrant the
good quality of. In pursuance of this suggestion,
his advertisement will appear on the cover
of this number. To all who know Thogi
S. Pleasants, personally, or by report, it is totally
superfluous to say, as we here do for the
benefit of strangers, that any one who may
send an order to him, either special or general
may rely, with entire confidence, on his
careful attention and correct judgment, as well
as in regard to the more important qualities to
justify such reliance.
Poison from Laudanum.?The colored
tukn iliarl f,n Snlnrdflv Inst, in the
V^IIIIVU ?V||<# WIVVI WM vtM. J v --J ,
Ninth Avenue near 16:h street, From a t*?a-,
Spoon fu'l of laudanum, administered by its
mother in ignorance of its posorous pro
perties, might have been saved by a very
simple process , and as it coniinued in the
sleep produced by the laudanum, Fourteen
hours, ill it died, ample timo For the remedy
was afforded. In such cases, let a teaspoon
Full oF cayenne pepp> r, or three times
this this quantity oF black pepper, if the
cayenne ennnot be procured, be st<*'pcd in
about ha IF of a teacup of boiling water, till
about blood warm ;1et a tea-spoon Full of the
liqu d be poured into the mouth oF the patient
Thi< will at once excite action in the
faucet, mid cause the patient to swallow.?
The dose must be repented as rapidly ns the
patient can swallow, till the whole be down.
Immediately after thw, an eme'ic, already
prepared,. must be admtmstered. So soon
us tr-e emetic operates Freely, tho patient j
should take a It'tie more of tho infusion of i
rayenne, and a table spoonful or more of
jf lemon ju ce cr strong vinegar, and.be
kept in mi ti hi tilt aH danger is over. , In
ibout on hour after taking the lemon juice,
[he patient should :ak<1 some bro h,or other
light food, well seasoned w ith cayenne or
pepper.
So much for thopractice; row for tkeo.
ryt Laudanum, wbtrh is opium in fhauid
form, paralyses"tl?c throat and s'omach. and
prevents an emetic from acting; coase.
qiiently vov-cannot, by emetic*, remove the
poison. Bu' cayenne or black nfcppcr,
being powerful stimulants, and the first the
most powerful inmlure, excite action in the
t rout and stomach, and en thie an emetic
to operate. Mext of the poison being thus
pjented, the remainder will be neutralised by
[0C lemon juice of vuic^ar, wmgii mc uUn*
hite*-:o opium.. In taking 'he lait'-r, more
sayrntHi is nccessiiry to'excite action in d ie
iknnach. The broth or other food is ne;<
s?ary to sustain the system, and present,
t" from sinking undor the debility induced
rj two poisons, the opium, and the emetic
or amoving it. If nn emetic cannot be
>btiiined, and no great quantity of opium be
rwnllowod, the continued opplication oj* the
tape ne nod acid will res'ore tlx? patient,
hough the recovery will be slower. To
omove tlie poison from tiro stomach is ifvays
best,
This simple process will always subdue
he poison oropium or any other narcotic.
The above we lake from the New York j
Empire Stan*." It was doubtless written
ny a physician. We give it our approbation,
with this exception, that too much of the
ocpptr is prescribed. Such u dose admin,
stereo to a child, under the torper caused'
?y the laudanum might cause fatal in fit inn.
:ion of the Itomach. We would also ad.
rise i he application of mustard plasters to
ho 'extremities, to aid in urousmg the vital1
jnergies of the body.
ftu: in q place like the chy of New York,
where a stomach pump could be so readily
obtained, that instrument ought to be
promp ly rcsarted in such a case.
Contents of the Southern CuBineitfor Feb
bruary 1840.
tfoies on European Agriculture, by A
Char Estonian, No. 2,
The Domestic Cocoonery,
Agricultural Geology,
Account of an Agricul urnl Excursion into
3t. J< hn's Bet kley : By the Editor,
DfcraorTwtn Cotton, Improvement
of Cotton Lands, by Flowing
wi h Brackish Water, I
Deep Planting, .
Breaking a Cob,
? .. - ? - 1\
bgg Hatclrug. iconiinir-cij
0 , tho Cuhuie of the Dahila, l>y the Editor,
The Suburdan Gardener,
Meteorlogicnl Observations, made nt Robertville,
S. C., by Dr Sidney Smith,
Tales, Sketches, <$-c.
Blanche Rose ; a Love Story of the 12,h
Century* j
The Wtfe.
The last Arrow, _
Necropolis, the City of tho Dead,
Sultan Mahmoud's Last Excursion upon
the Bosphorus,
The Plundred IHress.
't* r.
i ruusivruiJLc ui ? i;?u t ??*?*-?,
Literary Notices.
The Ladies' Flower Garden ofOrnamental
Annuals. By Mrs. Laudon,
Audubon's Birds of America,
The Drama.
New Theatre,
Sporting Intelligence.
Account of ihe Races over the Wasliidgton
Gourec,
Agricultural Items.
Sale of Imported S ock ; New Agricultural
Implements; M.lch Cows; Sirawberrie?
A Useful Hint. ?
Miscelleneoas Items.
Substitution of Paper for Met<c Pluto#
in the Daguerreotype, A Transparent
Watch, Electricity in Tic Dolou~ux, Mr.
L'vmg*ton and the Court of Nftpolcon,
Miles. Public Lands hf-tlie United States,
The.'Great Lord Thuflow, Gibbon and
.SheAdan, The Abuse, .of Time, Smokey
Chimmes, Extraordinary Munificence, Domestic
L'fe, Temperance in Ireland, Moth.,
er after nil. BrandfcthV Pills, Pulling a
Tooth, Killing a Jackass.
CONGRESS. **
SEX ATEMarch
? Mr. Culhoun submitted the
following!
Resolved, That ft ship or Teasel on the
high sous, in time of peace, engaged in a
lawful voyage, is, according to the laws of
natious, under the exclusive jurisdiction of
the State to which h"r fl ig belongs as much
so at if consti uting a part of its own domain.
Resolved, That if such ship or vessel
should be forced, by vfr*-ss of weather or
other unavoidable cause, into the port of a
friendly Power, sl?e would, under tne same
laws, lose none of the rights appertaining
to her on the high seas, but, on the contrary,
she and h**r cargo and persons on board
with their property, and all the rights be.
longing to their personal relations, as established
by the laws of the State lb Which
they belong, would be under the protectioh
whichj:he la as of nations extend to die
unfortunate un er such cireumstaces.
ResoIved% That tho brig Enterprize,
which was forced unavoidably by s.ress of
weather into Port Hamilton, Bermuda Is*
land, while on u lawful voyage on the high
seas from one part o<" the Union to a no'her,
comes within tho principles embraced >n the
foregoing resolutions: and that the seizure
and detention of the r.egrnes on board by
tin* local authorises of the Island wus an n(Jf
in violation of Ihe laws of nations, and
highly unjust to our citizens to whom they
belong.
SPECIAL ORDER.
Mr. Grundy, the chairman of the st 1-rf
committee, rose hnd addressed* ihe
Senate until Of at four o'cioek. on the subJ
ject of the Assumption of Suite Debts, when
he gave' way for a motion to proceed to the
consideration a. Etecutive business.
Thr Senate haying continued in Execu
llivesess on for sometim-, the b?ll authori
i zing the Secretory of ihe Treasury to comi
promise wirh the sureties of the late Collector
of New York, Samuel S*artwout| was
t considered in Committee of the Whole, nnd
after a few remarks from Messrs. Wall,
[ HVbs.er, Prentisf, and Wrjght, the-bill was
ordered lo be engrossed lor a third readme
~
| And then the Senate adjourned.
housr.op representatives.
I New Jersey Election. .
March 3 ?Air. CampMl, Chairman of
th * Committee of* ?2l> cftons, made a
report, in which alter a long philological
disquisition on the import to he given to ;he
terms "lawful" and "forthwith," the Coinmitteo
proceed to an enumeration of the
whole number of votes given, lawful and
unlawful; and conclude by declaring ffiat
Messrs. D.ckersoo. Vroom, Kilk\ Cooper,
and Kvnll had received a majority of thd
lawful votes of the whole SlMe,
Mr. Fillmore tliercupon moved a resolution,
in which, alter a preamble referring to
evidence which the commi'tue refused ro
- -i- ~ -i i
I ex inline, it was n.-aoivcu inai me n-pun wc
recommitted.
A scene of great uproar now took place,
such as has not been equalled since the
scenes in the opening of the session.
Mr;Petrikin moved a resolution, in which
h for u prenniidc ref-rring to lie close of the
report, tt was declared that the above named
gentlemen are entitled to seats as boving
received a majority of the votes - f the
people of New jersey ; and on thai resolution
he demanded the previous question.
A confused and tumultuous debate on order
succeeded ; an apnea! was taken?the
decision of the Citair tha> Mr. Fillmore, was
nndthnt Mr. Petrikin was not, entitled to
the floor, was revised, 89 to 82; and the
residue of the sitting was occupied till 9
oVIocK with motions to adjourn, motions for
a call of the House, ^repeated calling of the
yeas and nays, and that nil eonlusion winch
usually attends a great party struggle when
it coines to its crisis in the House of Repre*
sentatives. Theie seemed a determined
resolu ion to get the question on Mr. Pe.
irikin's resolution ; but at leng'h a motion
j to adjourn succeeded / and without tukuig
the question the House adjourned*
I March 6.??Tho greater part of this day
was tak'*n uo with the New Jersey election
1 f
without any important question being taken,
fnde-'d much pf th?iim<\ as is common this
session in the (louse, was consumed in
discussing questions of order. It is a pity
members do not s udy the rules of order in
their rooms instead of%consuming the time
of the House in wrangling about thdm.
_ ^ ^ . *- *< ^
a is I ji
New Yob*, Murch 7th.
ARRIVALoftheGREAT WESTERN,
I Forty three Days Later from Europe.
I The reamer Greai Western, Cap.ain
I Hoskin, reached the wharf about 12 o'clock,
i to-day, bringing London papers to the ev^
emrig or (he 19lh, and Bristol to the 20th.
Oiir latest previous advices from Lohd.
on were to the evening of Jan. 7tbj via
N? w Orleuns. Consequently the present
I dales arc forty three days later man
| before received. Not m iwelvc yen re certainty,
has such a sweep of time been heralded
here by a single vessel.
The quotations for cotton are a half penny
cheaper than at our previous dates early
in January. Flour is a shililng a barrel
cheaper. Money is cheaper and more
plenty. Iu France manufacturing wns bad.
Camphor gum hud risen very much or
account of tho news from China. So ban
TeasThe
Bank of England had rfeduced the
rate of interest to 5 per cent; Money was
j plenty both in London and Paris.
Thb marriage of Queen Victoria to
, Prince Albert of Saxe Cobpurg, was celc. I
I brao-d on the 10th of February, with the ut- j
most magnificence. From that date on. i
ward, congratulatory addresses were pour- i
( ed in fom every quarter. i
1 MS. CALHOUN S 8PKECH.
In Senate, Wednesday, February 5, 1840 ,
?On Mr. Grundy's report in rola'ion io j
tlm assump:ion of the debts of the S ates ,
by the Federal Government, .
Mr. CALHOUN said : . ,
When I have hoard it asserted, again
and again, in this discussion, that this report j
, was uncalled for ; that there was no one in .
favor of th*> assum tion of S ate debts, and <
that the resolutions were mere idle abstract ,
negatives, of no sort of importance; I could ,
no: but ask myself, if all this be so, why this ,
deep excitement T why this arden* ze;il to ,
make collutteral issues ? and, above all. ,
why thegieat nnx ety to avoid a direct Vote (
on the resolutions ? To these inquiries 1 j
; could find ghu. one solution; and that is, |
! disguise it as you may, there is, in reality, ,
at the bottom, a deep and agitating question. ,
, Fes, there is such a question. Tin; schemes ,
of assuming the d^btsof die Stubs, debtcia |
not idh* fiction. The evidence of its n ali- j
ty, and that ft a now in agitation, burs: horn j
every quarter, wi Inn and .'without tix'se ,
walls, on this side and the Other side of the j
A lantic ; not, indeed, a direct assumption, |
for that would be too absurd 7 and harmless, 1
because too absurd ; but in tf forth far more ,
plausible and dangerous?an assumption, (,
\p effect, bv dividing the proceeds of the i,
> sales of public lands among the States.
I shall not stop to show that such distrr. (
bution, under exit ing circumstances, with (
die deep indebtedness and embarrassment ,
of many of tin; Sta es, would be, jr. reality, ,
. an assumption. Wu all knovt . llutt with. |
out such indebtedness ami embarrassment*.. <
the scheme of distribution would not h ive ,
the'least chutfee for Adoption, and that it ,
would be pernctjy harmless, and cause no ,
-oxcitemeut j but plunged, as the State# are, (
iu deb*, it becomes a question truly fbrniid- t
. ablei and on wliich (he future polices tff the |
country are destined for years to turn. If, ,
then, the scheme should be adopted, it must .
be by die votes of the indebted Stales, in ,
order to aid their credit, and hglren their ,
burden ; and who is so blind as not to see .
that it would be in truth, what I have asscr- .
ted it bo in ffect to that extent, an assump^ j
hon of their debts.
Here, then, wo have the real question an (
issue, which his caused all this excitement ,
and z"al?a question pregnant with the (
ino*t important consequences, immediate t
and remote. Wliut I now propose js, to |
tr.?ce rapidly and bri< fly some of the more (
> prominent which would resu t from th s ,
scheme, should it eviu* become a law. ,
'I'tie first, and most imin dram, would be (
to subtract from tiie Treasury a sum equal
to the innu.il proceeds of he sales of the (
public lands. I do not in'end to examine (
| the constitutional question whether Con- j
1 gross nas of^has not the right to mike tho t
! subtraction, and o divide tlie procc ds a
mong the Stab's. It is not nee ss iry. The
committee has conclusively shown that it 1
lias no such powor; that it holds the public 1
domain in trust for the Stacs in their Foder I
a! capacity as members of tho Union, ia '
' aid ot their contribution to die Tr?a->ury ; '
and that to denationalize the fund, ^jl'I may 1
use tho expression,) by distributing it among- 1
tho States for tlicu* separate and individual
uses, would boh manifest violutioQ of dr\' 1
irust, and wholly unwarranted by th ;Co:i* 1
stitubon. Passing, then, by the constitu- 1
, tionnl question, ! .ntend to restrict my inqui. 1
| ry to wtiat would be its fiscal and rooo?j?'d
effects. . : Thus
regarded, the first effect of the tub- 1
slritction would be to cause on equal delici; 1
in the revenue. 1 could not inform the Se- 1
nate that th re ij not a surplus cent in the
Trea-Jury ; that the most rigid economy 1
will be necessary to meet the demands on it '
during the current year ; that the revenue,
so far from being on the increase, mast be !
i rapidily reduc d, under existing laws, in the
next two years ; and that every dollar wi;h- *
drawn, by subtracting the - proceeds of 1
:he public lands, must .make a correspond. I
ing ."deficit.; We are thus hi ought to the 1
question, what would be the probable annual I
amount of tbo deficit, and how is it to- be
be supplied? : '
Tu.. t.nm ?ntpc nf thn nuhlic '
M lir; iCfipis mviii tiiv ? !
lands, I would suppose, may bo safoly esti. 1
mated at five millions .fdollars at least, on '
an average, for die oextien or fifteen years. 1
They were about six millions the last year. <
The first three quarters give within a. frac- ^
tion of five and a half rnilli&hs. The estimuie
for this year, is three and a half mil- I
> lions; making the average of (he two years.
but little short of five millions, lfi with (
i these data, we cast our eyes back on the last 1
ten or fifteen years, we shall come to the !
conclusion, taking into consideration our i
i groat increase of populaion and wealth, and '
r the vast quantity of public lands held by the 1
[ Government, that the average I have es.i- '
: ma el is not too high. Assuming, then, !
; that the deficit, would be fivemdliuns, the <
next inquiry is, how shall it be supjdied ? '
There is but one wiy/ a corresponding in. *
crease of;lie duties on imports. We have
no oihnr-source of revenue, but tho-JW ?
i Otfice. No one would lhmk of laying it 1
on that, or tofaiV the amount by internal <
taxes. Tni result, then, thus far, would be
to withdraw from the Treasury five millions I
r. of the proceeds of the sales of the public
iands, to be distributed among the States, '
and to impose an equal amount of duty on '
imports*. to make good the deficit. Now L
would ask, what is the diff erence, regarded 1
as a fiscal transaction, between withdrawing Int
amount for <li*trrbution,and imposing a
similar amount of duties on the;imports, to
i supply its place, and that of leaving i he pro- '
> coeds of the sales of the land in the Treasury,
and imposing an cqutrl amount of duties
i. for distribution ? It is clearly the same
I thing, in efiecb to retain the proceeds of the
public lands in the -Treasury and to impose
t the duties for distribution, or to distribute
i the proceeds and thereby force the impost*
tion of the duties to supply the places
_ ^ .
It is,-then, m a scheme to impose ^
live millions of oddjt'onal duties on the import&tions
of the country, to be distributed
imong the Slates ; and I now ask where is
he Senator who wiH openly avow bimself
in advocate ol such ascheme 71 put the ques,
ton hofhe, solemnly, to those on theoppoirte
side,doyou not believe that such ascbemo
would be unconstitutional unequal, unjust,
irid dangerous ? And can you, as honesl
neo,do that in -effect, by indirect meant,
which,- if done directly, ytFOufffbe. clearly liable
to every One of tbose^phjections ? K
I have said sue!) would be the case, r*
warded ?e a fiscal transaction, fn a politiil
point^f view, the distribution of ihe pro- w
seeds ormb sales of the land would be the ,
worst of thr t wo. It would create opposing
ind hostile relations between the old and .
new Slate#, in reference to the public do**
main. Heretofore the conduct~of the Gov. eminent
has been distinguished by the groa.
rat hbenihty, riot to say generosity, towards
ihe new Spates, in the admin*ration of the
public lands. Adopt this scheme, and tit
conduct will be ihe reverse. Whatever
might be grunted to them^ would sabstract
in equal HmgfUrit from (besom to be dyt'^luted.
An ^austere und rigid odminrerra- #
ion would be (he resell followed byhflSTtte
feelings on both sides, i|ut would accelerate
;he conflict between them in reference to the
aublic doMjainr-a conflict advahcing but too
Last by thenatur.il course of events, aull
which any one, in life least gif ed with farelight,
must see, come when it will, would
dinke thp Union to the centre, antes prCvcrt*
ed by wise and timely concession.
Having shown that the scheme is. ftpbfeel,to
imjiose dutiosfor d stribution, tlie next
jtiesMon 18* 00 w.'toni will wey lull I l know
ii it fhcr^iSra;'-great diversity of opinion-, as
0 who, in fact, pays lite duties on imports.
1 do not intend to discuss that po of. ' Ws
if ili? staple and exporting Slates have long
letfled i he quesion, -for ourselves, unaninously.
front sadayiper i< n o. YWjknow how
mnously^^n^yjpfbfl on' us ( bow they
h^olateiT^Sp^nnd exhausted our arcion.
Wo also know how rapidly wo ha ve
Ix** recovering arrhsy have been going
jff, in spite of alT the difficulties of the times,
mi tjio distracted and disordered state of
lie currency. It is now a fixed maxim
with us, that there is not a whit of different .
is lar as we arc concerned, between a a
port and ihiport duty?between paying.ton
Suing our, or returning in or going down<ju>
rnarke:, or returning back. If this be, trt#f
if wltich wo have no doubt, it is a point^of
10 little importance to us of the staple Stabe <
a know what portion of the (hltfrs wHI fall
<Tour lot to pay, We furnish about throe,
fourths of tb? etpqgrts with about "two-fith? J
of the whole population. Four.fithrof five
miHtoas is four millions, which would be the
the measure of our eon*ribifitb(i<$ and twos
fh'is of five million*, which would be our
ihare of the distribution ; that is to say, for
*very two dollars wo would receive, jndif
his notable scheme, wu would pay fottr dgfc
ars to the fund from 'which it wojld bo de ivrd.
I now ask, what docs it amount to, but
tjrnking the income of the Sraies to the a.
uount of five millions annually, common
iropt'Tty. to lie distributed among them ac?
sonling to numbers, or some ?Qdk ratio,
without die least reference to tiioir* respectvo
contr buitinn ? And whet is that but
rank agranaiMsm*??gfatiamsm nroong tjgk
Slates T To divide-the annual income is a/*?
itiucb ogruriunism as 40 d vide pro0&fo jt.
Krlf; and Would be as muck so, divided *.
mong twen j six States, as among tweirtf*
i'n indiv ideals, Let me admonish the nffem-.v ^
bers op|io9?to, they really apprehend tho
spirit of agrarianisra as much as might bo
in (erred, from 4<?eir frequent declarations,
not to set the ft nil example here, in iheir
legislative capacity* Remember there Is
but one stop between dividing the income
of the States, and that of; individuals, and
i partial unU genera) distribution.
Proceedingastep farther, in tracing ponwquencee,
another question presents iteelf
?on What wficlbfwoli the duties he^a d 1
Da the free or the rfhrieti article t SltaO
ihey he laid for rovende-or fer protection/
is it no; obvious that so large on ambOfft
is five miflionsj equal to one.third of the
present ujroine from that'aourcf, and probably
not much less than one-half what it
will be at thu end of two years, cannot "be
raised without rousing from its slumber thu
tariff question, with all its disiractteo-'aod
. t i
annjger i oikiuiu uiai, iiuwcvrr, uurvRyjp
znse, there is another consequences connected
with this, that cannot fail to rouse it
as I shill now prqpeed to explain.
The act of chstgbutiog the sales of the
public lunds among (be Slates, of itself, as
well as thejimOunt to be distributed, tfltt
do much to resuscitates (heir credit, fris
the desired result, and the leading motive
for (he act, Five millions annually, ((he
amount assuhxfdt) on a pledge of the public
joina-n, ol itself, be a sufficient btv
sis for a SfiPgRibtety or an hundred mfo
lions of dollars, injudiciously managed. But
tuppose that only one half shoufdmf applied,
as the means of negotiating loins a*,
broad, in order to complete the old, or to
commence new, works of improvement, or
31 her objects. 1 ask, what would be the
jfTocv on our imports, of negotiating a loan
n England, or elsewhere in Europe, of forty
~>r fifty millions, in tho jourse of the text
" d^'Jh ne^ol',t^G?:8' A crtJj*n '9 oi)tai0^? ^
wealflfy Bills dre drawn on tlris
country, anddmtfaohJ to merchants. These
aretranttnilteil to Europe, and the .proceed*
returned in good*, swelling the tide of imports
in pr portion to the amount. The
crash of our manufacturers follow, and that,
in turn, by denunciations against over-itnporting
an orer-trading, in which those who
have been most active ia causing it are
sure to join, bet will take special care to
make not the least allusion to the res! source *
whence it Hows. Is not dfet the casc^fcL
this moment t And can it be doubted, tfifr
with the increase oWhe cause, thfe cfetaor *
-w
III!