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* . iT* 9 . > inconvenient to feed them. Notmore than 1 four or fjvo courses of branches should be! laid on each day, und tiu) intermediate fr ed- ! ings should be with clear leaves, so that t the p'le may ascend not more than an inch j .itnd a half each day, and that the height of. the pile on (Kfe shoff, when the worms begin ; hro spin, may be about nmeor ten inches.? If, however* the pile should get too high, I or if it g*Ms damp and mould}'* the lower I pait can be dasily removed by passing aj . couple smooth sticks through the pilo two hi three layers b^low the worms ; and by mean9 of these, gently raise the upppr laywith the worms on, and remove all be- j low. We found no difficulty in cleaning J our sb< jves in this wny. 1 During the whole iimo the worms ore j feeding, nttmtention should be puid to clean- j lifrfw?that is, the room should be kejrt free | from filth and bad smell. In verv hoi i /k _ ? 1??.?i? ...j i WWM1CT, Kie W.IIUWWS sihiui'j uv uj.-yuuu uj i give free nir; and-in cotd damp weather, if 1 ircan be done, fire should be kept in the J f?re~place. It is pro pof" to observe, that unless the weather be very cold, no other injury will be dune 'he worms than stopping their feeding and grow'h daring its continuance. We have had weather sO cold, as to produce thin jge in our coronery, with, otit other injury to the worms, than stopping |!>eir growth a few days ; that is, it required I two or throe days longer to produce the 1 c ocoons than it would have done, had not tho col J weather occurred. Therefore, it is always bet'er to keep the room moderately warm, by fire, if necessary, wt it is not indispensable to very fair success. If disease occur in the worms, particular- j ly the yellows, the best way is, to.take lh?, eck, worms from the she lves, nod . throw j them away os soon as they ore discovered, j The yellows, is bo;h a contagious and her- ] ditary disease; and hence, if one Worm is j ettackcd by if, it will be sure to bc-cemtrm- L" nicated to tlwvptjters^ and worse thnn'thispt even if the sie^^orro* get w ;ll, wh'ch tl.cy j seldom do, the fcggs th^y produce ore a'-j most certain to produce sickly worms, nnd; by ths m'-ans, the crop of the succeeding f year ?be lost. ' " : WhcD it.can be'done ouo or two days'' /\Ch*nvna afmt'Tff ho 'i wy*??? B- ,, andJi<ipt ia a <*eilar, that tio damage may be ? FUHptined during rainy weather, fttit-gruk* \ caution should be obscm d not to feed wv.b I milted leaves. It were belter to give the ; worms wet leaves th?Vn willed ones. If kVpt in a teller nn<] occasionally shook abou^l. the loaves will keep tKroe days In good con", f dition. Where no collar is at'hand, nndf s * where you have plenty of trees, you can } kpep leaves fre$h three or four &iy?, t?y cutting off the tops and branches of the' trees, and set; jog the bu t ends in w;ater. || the end of a branch be set in water one inch { deep, it will keep the leaves fresh. For this j purpose, tubs odght bo used, and large i quantities of leaves kept in this way. The suivshould nevi f be allowed lo shine I n? the w orms t and if any of litem are ex. I posed 10 it, the window should be so shaded! ty. shutters or blinds as .to prevent if. ' i. Successive crops may be fed, if it be de- j. Kired to occupy the whole season, by keep. > ir?g the eg^s in on ice-house. end fringing j oat portions of them at each time of hatch-.) ing. * It is believed mat this is a much ber- j ter plan than commencing with the whole 1 fit once. All new begimx rs^sliouid com- i< rue nee in lite spring, w.ih one half an ounce j j of eggs, to be hatched as soon as the leaves ?i put our. From the cocoons formed by ?h;s \ \ crop, eggs for next year's use should be ; , s*ved, and rooters should be taught. The j very best cocoons should bcfseWtcd to pro- J due? eggs. A ready calculation of the J twttiiber required, can bo oiadu by dividing j *tb<h ?timber of eggs yatl want next year by ; 130. Thus, if you want 100,000 eggs i next pf,hr, divide 100,000 by 150, ??nd the | rfsuh wiH be 067 cocoous required for eggs- ( Let these not only be the besl cocoons, tmt be certain that they wero rhe product of I Iteabhv.worms. Addition to this, is one the. most in^?mjl-reqmrerow*ts of the j, art of siik making. And it is a matter of j, much regret, thai it is not sufficiently Mten. j j ted to. Those who make a business or! selling eggs, are too much in the liabit of j electing tneir best cocoons for making sew* j j iug silk, and leave the rubbish cocoons, and j j those formed by sickly worms, merely for' producing eggalosefl, net to use themselves, j ( for they know tho value of them too well. I, HShco, in purchusiog eggs, the utmost j' caution should be observed in obtaining as* i sura nee of their quality* The balance of j J ilte cocoons of tite fuse crop, any be used iu teaching the reelcr to reel. Many person*) o/course, have no ice* ' house in whkh to Ktcp the eggs for sue c.c.s*ive crops. "A very good substitute may : i be obtuined in tho-use of a well. * ^ - .1?? ; ? I A deep cold well will preserve the eggs. from hatching, Si well as an ice-house, if they are placed In it at the proper time. H ncccss to ibe well be conveniuqt, the best way is, to descend to near the surface of the water, take out a few brick or stone from the wall, so as to make a place large enough to contain the box containing the ?ggs, and place it there. If there le a pump In the well, the box will remain there. securely. If not, of course, caution most J be observed in drawing water, not to allow | fhe bucket to interfere with the box ; cud f the place prepared for it should be on that 1 side of the welMeast exposed to the dripping I in drawing up water. U is also said tint a |-; deep hole, say ten feet deep dug in the t ground in some shady plane, the box of U eggs placed at the bottom, and the top coy. j i ftied with plank, has preserved eggs in ex- I eellcnt condition. I' Iwve never tried this; j hot if the teinpcrarture in such a placo be i htor nekivt 55 it will* answer the purpose; _ (be coldness of tho place, no matter what . . place it rnny be, is uii that is required. But . ns we hate so often remarked, the egg* . - . must be put in the cold place before the . germ has commenced ; if not, even the reddest ice-house will not prevent their hutching at or ainaut the regular time in 1 spring. The egg> ot'ghl to be put in the old piacu during tlrtj winter, beforo they ; have bet", expos'd to tvarrh wcuther lr! ihu?? preserved, portions of them may be hatched 1ft nny time daring the summer, nud thus, successive crops may be raised. The advantages of successive crops ore these. A room that will only contain 49,000 worms at one lime, can bo made to accommodate that number seven times during the summer, by hatching a crop every three weeks, and keeping the yoortg worms by themselves till the old ones spin their cocoons, and thus 3306,000 may b* raised during the summer. One person can attend to them, e cept occasionally, in clearing the shelves, when more help for an hour or two wili he required. The person thus employed steadily through the season, I will bccomo bet'er acquainted with the bust ness, than could be the case if only one crop was raised. (To be Con'inu^d.) < mmmmmmirnmmmmm??PWBB*" , F A a M E It S' GAZET T E . FRIDAY, MARCH 13, 1841). * 1 1 1 For state of thp*JRivcr sco under Price Cur. -?*N rcat. ^ > < Wanted at this UfEce a lad of good character, from 11 to 10 years of age, as ao appren.* tice. lie must be able to read. We regret being obliged to divide Mr. Calhoun's speech. It will be read with interest ?ll mfiallin, fh 'v aarrcao tL'ith I auu pnxu uj aiif n nv?>?iv ? < j w Mr. Calhoun on all the leading party questions of the day or not It discusses net the question of the assumption of State debts, but that of dividing the proceeds of the public lands among the States. Whetheror not the two questionsare substantially the same. as Mr. Calhoun affirms depends upo? a preliminary q-iestion which he does not discuss, namely: whether tho Federal Government holds the public lands as its own property, or only, as Some maintain, in trust for the States individually, 6ince the payment of the public debt. If in trust, it i& no more an assumption or payment by the general Government of the I State debts, to distribute among them the 1 proceeds of the public land*, than it is an ' assumption of the debts of spend- thrift heirs by an executor, to divide among them the | proceeds of an estate devised to them# We , do dot now express an opinion o the queetioo , How the Federal Government holds the pub- j lie land?. - y >. \ * JuvaNAt op tub American Silk Society. . The February No. of this very valuable perio- ( dica) ie-* before us. The ability-and judgment with which it is conducted entitled it to the ( ? ' I r Jli L. eonnoence ana pairouage 01 au who art auvui 11 to enter upon tho culture of silk, or who wish J j to get information on the subject. Price $2. peranum. New subscribers who take both the tirst and ^econd volumes arc charged only $V. fur both. . ?>ill -? ? ? There arc now three candidates in nomination for the office of Governor of South Carolina, Judge Johnson, Col. Richardson and Col. J. II. Hammond. The discussion on the sub-' jcet has been conducted with uncalled-for asperily in r.ne or two of the public journals.? ^ The South Carolinian, a few weeks since,, expressed on- apprehension that a personal g disagreement between two members of Con- c jress, involving no political principle, was likely t to split the Mate intc contending parties <;H ? this question, and the Charleston Courier says l tbat it understands the members of Congress refered to are Messrs. Pickens and Rhett ? I Are Use people of Soul h Carolina, like semibarbarous clans of leige subjects, capable of being led about to light the battles or decide ^ the feuds of lordling chiefs ? _ . , \ The Charleston Courier anounceg the re- j lignation of Vardey McBee as President of , the S. SV. Railroad Company. I Co!. 6. F. Johnson, son of Chanoellor Da- I /id Johnson, and an officer in the Texan Ar- i ny. has been murdered by either Indiana or j Mexicans, near the Rio Grande. ( A Convention of the friends of tiio present administration has been projected to be held i in Baltimore for the purpose of nominating < Mr. Van Burcn for re-election, and fixing upon | a candidate of the party for the Vice Presi- ( dency, The Charleston Mercury insists that no delegates ought to be sent from South Carolina ; the Courier and Patriot, on the other J hand insist that the slate ou-. ht to be repre- , scnted in the convention. The Courier says; "Her pld position of keeping aloof from the contest for the Presidency, as "a degrading scramble fur office," in which it is unbecoming < iier dignity to engage, savors strongly of the ] r^ic^Jous?any one, with half an eye can see. that this Is but playing the old game of sour { grapes. Lot Mr. Calhoun, or any other of her I favorite statesmen stand a fair chance for a J . i nomination, and she will be ready enough, and ] even foremost, to scramble for the prize." New Attack ok trte Credit System.? A resolution has been introduced into the Mouse of Representatives of Maine directing the Judiciary Committee to enquire into the < expediency of repealing all laws for the collec- ' tion of all debts under $20. That the credit system is now abused very i greatly to the injury of the community, is not 1 to be denied; and an impression seems at ' - * *- ii tt?n <ivtanaieo!v that this urns ;o prevail legislative interference is necessiry to restrain it; Or rather, that the legislative facilities afforded for conducting and extending it, ougnt to be modified. This impression is so deep aad general that the danger is either of too precipitate action on the one hand ; or, on the ther, of disgusting or alarming the friends of judicious reform by violent measures, and setting them against any change whatever. Ray, convicted of forgery at the fall term of ChesteriVHti Court, was hung on Friday j hist. The punishment of Jones, convicted nt the sarre term, of nrtrdcr, and sentenced ? *. v '-r ' * to bo hung, has been committed by tho Governor to imprisonment for the term of two years. V Silk Woem Eoss.?Person* wishing to procure silk worm eggs are referred to two advertisements in this week's paper.? Capt. Vanderford's worms from which his egg a were procured, were very healthy* and spun farge and beautiful cocoons. Tho Editor of the Farmers' Registor, refering to Mr. Pleasants's eggs, says ; We have urged and induced our friend Thomas S. PIcasnnts to undertake this business to such extent as he can furnish a supply of eggs that he knows, and can warrant the good quality of. In pursuance of this suggestion, his advertisement will appear on the cover of this number. To all who know Thogi S. Pleasants, personally, or by report, it is totally superfluous to say, as we here do for the benefit of strangers, that any one who may send an order to him, either special or general may rely, with entire confidence, on his careful attention and correct judgment, as well as in regard to the more important qualities to justify such reliance. Poison from Laudanum.?The colored tukn iliarl f,n Snlnrdflv Inst, in the V^IIIIVU ?V||<# WIVVI WM vtM. J v --J , Ninth Avenue near 16:h street, From a t*?a-, Spoon fu'l of laudanum, administered by its mother in ignorance of its posorous pro perties, might have been saved by a very simple process , and as it coniinued in the sleep produced by the laudanum, Fourteen hours, ill it died, ample timo For the remedy was afforded. In such cases, let a teaspoon Full oF cayenne pepp> r, or three times this this quantity oF black pepper, if the cayenne ennnot be procured, be st<*'pcd in about ha IF of a teacup of boiling water, till about blood warm ;1et a tea-spoon Full of the liqu d be poured into the mouth oF the patient Thi< will at once excite action in the faucet, mid cause the patient to swallow.? The dose must be repented as rapidly ns the patient can swallow, till the whole be down. Immediately after thw, an eme'ic, already prepared,. must be admtmstered. So soon us tr-e emetic operates Freely, tho patient j should take a It'tie more of tho infusion of i rayenne, and a table spoonful or more of jf lemon ju ce cr strong vinegar, and.be kept in mi ti hi tilt aH danger is over. , In ibout on hour after taking the lemon juice, [he patient should :ak<1 some bro h,or other light food, well seasoned w ith cayenne or pepper. So much for thopractice; row for tkeo. ryt Laudanum, wbtrh is opium in fhauid form, paralyses"tl?c throat and s'omach. and prevents an emetic from acting; coase. qiiently vov-cannot, by emetic*, remove the poison. Bu' cayenne or black nfcppcr, being powerful stimulants, and the first the most powerful inmlure, excite action in the t rout and stomach, and en thie an emetic to operate. Mext of the poison being thus pjented, the remainder will be neutralised by [0C lemon juice of vuic^ar, wmgii mc uUn* hite*-:o opium.. In taking 'he lait'-r, more sayrntHi is nccessiiry to'excite action in d ie iknnach. The broth or other food is ne;< s?ary to sustain the system, and present, t" from sinking undor the debility induced rj two poisons, the opium, and the emetic or amoving it. If nn emetic cannot be >btiiined, and no great quantity of opium be rwnllowod, the continued opplication oj* the tape ne nod acid will res'ore tlx? patient, hough the recovery will be slower. To omove tlie poison from tiro stomach is ifvays best, This simple process will always subdue he poison oropium or any other narcotic. The above we lake from the New York j Empire Stan*." It was doubtless written ny a physician. We give it our approbation, with this exception, that too much of the ocpptr is prescribed. Such u dose admin, stereo to a child, under the torper caused' ?y the laudanum might cause fatal in fit inn. :ion of the Itomach. We would also ad. rise i he application of mustard plasters to ho 'extremities, to aid in urousmg the vital1 jnergies of the body. ftu: in q place like the chy of New York, where a stomach pump could be so readily obtained, that instrument ought to be promp ly rcsarted in such a case. Contents of the Southern CuBineitfor Feb bruary 1840. tfoies on European Agriculture, by A Char Estonian, No. 2, The Domestic Cocoonery, Agricultural Geology, Account of an Agricul urnl Excursion into 3t. J< hn's Bet kley : By the Editor, DfcraorTwtn Cotton, Improvement of Cotton Lands, by Flowing wi h Brackish Water, I Deep Planting, . Breaking a Cob, ? .. - ? - 1\ bgg Hatclrug. iconiinir-cij 0 , tho Cuhuie of the Dahila, l>y the Editor, The Suburdan Gardener, Meteorlogicnl Observations, made nt Robertville, S. C., by Dr Sidney Smith, Tales, Sketches, <$-c. Blanche Rose ; a Love Story of the 12,h Century* j The Wtfe. The last Arrow, _ Necropolis, the City of tho Dead, Sultan Mahmoud's Last Excursion upon the Bosphorus, The Plundred IHress. 't* r. i ruusivruiJLc ui ? i;?u t ??*?*-?, Literary Notices. The Ladies' Flower Garden ofOrnamental Annuals. By Mrs. Laudon, Audubon's Birds of America, The Drama. New Theatre, Sporting Intelligence. Account of ihe Races over the Wasliidgton Gourec, Agricultural Items. Sale of Imported S ock ; New Agricultural Implements; M.lch Cows; Sirawberrie? A Useful Hint. ? Miscelleneoas Items. Substitution of Paper for Met<c Pluto# in the Daguerreotype, A Transparent Watch, Electricity in Tic Dolou~ux, Mr. L'vmg*ton and the Court of Nftpolcon, Miles. Public Lands hf-tlie United States, The.'Great Lord Thuflow, Gibbon and .SheAdan, The Abuse, .of Time, Smokey Chimmes, Extraordinary Munificence, Domestic L'fe, Temperance in Ireland, Moth., er after nil. BrandfcthV Pills, Pulling a Tooth, Killing a Jackass. CONGRESS. ** SEX ATEMarch ? Mr. Culhoun submitted the following! Resolved, That ft ship or Teasel on the high sous, in time of peace, engaged in a lawful voyage, is, according to the laws of natious, under the exclusive jurisdiction of the State to which h"r fl ig belongs as much so at if consti uting a part of its own domain. Resolved, That if such ship or vessel should be forced, by vfr*-ss of weather or other unavoidable cause, into the port of a friendly Power, sl?e would, under tne same laws, lose none of the rights appertaining to her on the high seas, but, on the contrary, she and h**r cargo and persons on board with their property, and all the rights be. longing to their personal relations, as established by the laws of the State lb Which they belong, would be under the protectioh whichj:he la as of nations extend to die unfortunate un er such cireumstaces. ResoIved% That tho brig Enterprize, which was forced unavoidably by s.ress of weather into Port Hamilton, Bermuda Is* land, while on u lawful voyage on the high seas from one part o<" the Union to a no'her, comes within tho principles embraced >n the foregoing resolutions: and that the seizure and detention of the r.egrnes on board by tin* local authorises of the Island wus an n(Jf in violation of Ihe laws of nations, and highly unjust to our citizens to whom they belong. SPECIAL ORDER. Mr. Grundy, the chairman of the st 1-rf committee, rose hnd addressed* ihe Senate until Of at four o'cioek. on the subJ ject of the Assumption of Suite Debts, when he gave' way for a motion to proceed to the consideration a. Etecutive business. Thr Senate haying continued in Execu llivesess on for sometim-, the b?ll authori i zing the Secretory of ihe Treasury to comi promise wirh the sureties of the late Collector of New York, Samuel S*artwout| was t considered in Committee of the Whole, nnd after a few remarks from Messrs. Wall, [ HVbs.er, Prentisf, and Wrjght, the-bill was ordered lo be engrossed lor a third readme ~ | And then the Senate adjourned. housr.op representatives. I New Jersey Election. . March 3 ?Air. CampMl, Chairman of th * Committee of* ?2l> cftons, made a report, in which alter a long philological disquisition on the import to he given to ;he terms "lawful" and "forthwith," the Coinmitteo proceed to an enumeration of the whole number of votes given, lawful and unlawful; and conclude by declaring ffiat Messrs. D.ckersoo. Vroom, Kilk\ Cooper, and Kvnll had received a majority of thd lawful votes of the whole SlMe, Mr. Fillmore tliercupon moved a resolution, in which, alter a preamble referring to evidence which the commi'tue refused ro - -i- ~ -i i I ex inline, it was n.-aoivcu inai me n-pun wc recommitted. A scene of great uproar now took place, such as has not been equalled since the scenes in the opening of the session. Mr;Petrikin moved a resolution, in which h for u prenniidc ref-rring to lie close of the report, tt was declared that the above named gentlemen are entitled to seats as boving received a majority of the votes - f the people of New jersey ; and on thai resolution he demanded the previous question. A confused and tumultuous debate on order succeeded ; an apnea! was taken?the decision of the Citair tha> Mr. Fillmore, was nndthnt Mr. Petrikin was not, entitled to the floor, was revised, 89 to 82; and the residue of the sitting was occupied till 9 oVIocK with motions to adjourn, motions for a call of the House, ^repeated calling of the yeas and nays, and that nil eonlusion winch usually attends a great party struggle when it coines to its crisis in the House of Repre* sentatives. Theie seemed a determined resolu ion to get the question on Mr. Pe. irikin's resolution ; but at leng'h a motion j to adjourn succeeded / and without tukuig the question the House adjourned* I March 6.??Tho greater part of this day was tak'*n uo with the New Jersey election 1 f without any important question being taken, fnde-'d much pf th?iim<\ as is common this session in the (louse, was consumed in discussing questions of order. It is a pity members do not s udy the rules of order in their rooms instead of%consuming the time of the House in wrangling about thdm. _ ^ ^ . *- *< ^ a is I ji New Yob*, Murch 7th. ARRIVALoftheGREAT WESTERN, I Forty three Days Later from Europe. I The reamer Greai Western, Cap.ain I Hoskin, reached the wharf about 12 o'clock, i to-day, bringing London papers to the ev^ emrig or (he 19lh, and Bristol to the 20th. Oiir latest previous advices from Lohd. on were to the evening of Jan. 7tbj via N? w Orleuns. Consequently the present I dales arc forty three days later man | before received. Not m iwelvc yen re certainty, has such a sweep of time been heralded here by a single vessel. The quotations for cotton are a half penny cheaper than at our previous dates early in January. Flour is a shililng a barrel cheaper. Money is cheaper and more plenty. Iu France manufacturing wns bad. Camphor gum hud risen very much or account of tho news from China. So ban TeasThe Bank of England had rfeduced the rate of interest to 5 per cent; Money was j plenty both in London and Paris. Thb marriage of Queen Victoria to , Prince Albert of Saxe Cobpurg, was celc. I I brao-d on the 10th of February, with the ut- j most magnificence. From that date on. i ward, congratulatory addresses were pour- i ( ed in fom every quarter. i 1 MS. CALHOUN S 8PKECH. In Senate, Wednesday, February 5, 1840 , ?On Mr. Grundy's report in rola'ion io j tlm assump:ion of the debts of the S ates , by the Federal Government, . Mr. CALHOUN said : . , When I have hoard it asserted, again and again, in this discussion, that this report j , was uncalled for ; that there was no one in . favor of th*> assum tion of S ate debts, and < that the resolutions were mere idle abstract , negatives, of no sort of importance; I could , no: but ask myself, if all this be so, why this , deep excitement T why this arden* ze;il to , make collutteral issues ? and, above all. , why thegieat nnx ety to avoid a direct Vote ( on the resolutions ? To these inquiries 1 j ; could find ghu. one solution; and that is, | ! disguise it as you may, there is, in reality, , at the bottom, a deep and agitating question. , , Fes, there is such a question. Tin; schemes , of assuming the d^btsof die Stubs, debtcia | not idh* fiction. The evidence of its n ali- j ty, and that ft a now in agitation, burs: horn j every quarter, wi Inn and .'without tix'se , walls, on this side and the Other side of the j A lantic ; not, indeed, a direct assumption, | for that would be too absurd 7 and harmless, 1 because too absurd ; but in tf forth far more , plausible and dangerous?an assumption, (, \p effect, bv dividing the proceeds of the i, > sales of public lands among the States. I shall not stop to show that such distrr. ( bution, under exit ing circumstances, with ( die deep indebtedness and embarrassment , of many of tin; Sta es, would be, jr. reality, , . an assumption. Wu all knovt . llutt with. | out such indebtedness ami embarrassment*.. < the scheme of distribution would not h ive , the'least chutfee for Adoption, and that it , would be pernctjy harmless, and cause no , -oxcitemeut j but plunged, as the State# are, ( iu deb*, it becomes a question truly fbrniid- t . ablei and on wliich (he future polices tff the | country are destined for years to turn. If, , then, the scheme should be adopted, it must . be by die votes of the indebted Stales, in , order to aid their credit, and hglren their , burden ; and who is so blind as not to see . that it would be in truth, what I have asscr- . ted it bo in ffect to that extent, an assump^ j hon of their debts. Here, then, wo have the real question an ( issue, which his caused all this excitement , and z"al?a question pregnant with the ( ino*t important consequences, immediate t and remote. Wliut I now propose js, to | tr.?ce rapidly and bri< fly some of the more ( > prominent which would resu t from th s , scheme, should it eviu* become a law. , 'I'tie first, and most imin dram, would be ( to subtract from tiie Treasury a sum equal to the innu.il proceeds of he sales of the ( public lands. I do not in'end to examine ( | the constitutional question whether Con- j 1 gross nas of^has not the right to mike tho t ! subtraction, and o divide tlie procc ds a mong the Stab's. It is not nee ss iry. The committee has conclusively shown that it 1 lias no such powor; that it holds the public 1 domain in trust for the Stacs in their Foder I a! capacity as members of tho Union, ia ' ' aid ot their contribution to die Tr?a->ury ; ' and that to denationalize the fund, ^jl'I may 1 use tho expression,) by distributing it among- 1 tho States for tlicu* separate and individual uses, would boh manifest violutioQ of dr\' 1 irust, and wholly unwarranted by th ;Co:i* 1 stitubon. Passing, then, by the constitu- 1 , tionnl question, ! .ntend to restrict my inqui. 1 | ry to wtiat would be its fiscal and rooo?j?'d effects. . : Thus regarded, the first effect of the tub- 1 slritction would be to cause on equal delici; 1 in the revenue. 1 could not inform the Se- 1 nate that th re ij not a surplus cent in the Trea-Jury ; that the most rigid economy 1 will be necessary to meet the demands on it ' during the current year ; that the revenue, so far from being on the increase, mast be ! i rapidily reduc d, under existing laws, in the next two years ; and that every dollar wi;h- * drawn, by subtracting the - proceeds of 1 :he public lands, must .make a correspond. I ing ."deficit.; We are thus hi ought to the 1 question, what would be the probable annual I amount of tbo deficit, and how is it to- be be supplied? : ' Tu.. t.nm ?ntpc nf thn nuhlic ' M lir; iCfipis mviii tiiv ? ! lands, I would suppose, may bo safoly esti. 1 mated at five millions .fdollars at least, on ' an average, for die oextien or fifteen years. 1 They were about six millions the last year. < The first three quarters give within a. frac- ^ tion of five and a half rnilli&hs. The estimuie for this year, is three and a half mil- I > lions; making the average of (he two years. but little short of five millions, lfi with ( i these data, we cast our eyes back on the last 1 ten or fifteen years, we shall come to the ! conclusion, taking into consideration our i i groat increase of populaion and wealth, and ' r the vast quantity of public lands held by the 1 [ Government, that the average I have es.i- ' : ma el is not too high. Assuming, then, ! ; that the deficit, would be fivemdliuns, the < next inquiry is, how shall it be supjdied ? ' There is but one wiy/ a corresponding in. * crease of;lie duties on imports. We have no oihnr-source of revenue, but tho-JW ? i Otfice. No one would lhmk of laying it 1 on that, or tofaiV the amount by internal < taxes. Tni result, then, thus far, would be to withdraw from the Treasury five millions I r. of the proceeds of the sales of the public iands, to be distributed among the States, ' and to impose an equal amount of duty on ' imports*. to make good the deficit. Now L would ask, what is the diff erence, regarded 1 as a fiscal transaction, between withdrawing Int amount for <li*trrbution,and imposing a similar amount of duties on the;imports, to i supply its place, and that of leaving i he pro- ' > coeds of the sales of the land in the Treasury, and imposing an cqutrl amount of duties i. for distribution ? It is clearly the same I thing, in efiecb to retain the proceeds of the public lands in the -Treasury and to impose t the duties for distribution, or to distribute i the proceeds and thereby force the impost* tion of the duties to supply the places _ ^ . It is,-then, m a scheme to impose ^ live millions of oddjt'onal duties on the import&tions of the country, to be distributed imong the Slates ; and I now ask where is he Senator who wiH openly avow bimself in advocate ol such ascheme 71 put the ques, ton hofhe, solemnly, to those on theoppoirte side,doyou not believe that such ascbemo would be unconstitutional unequal, unjust, irid dangerous ? And can you, as honesl neo,do that in -effect, by indirect meant, which,- if done directly, ytFOufffbe. clearly liable to every One of tbose^phjections ? K I have said sue!) would be the case, r* warded ?e a fiscal transaction, fn a politiil point^f view, the distribution of ihe pro- w seeds ormb sales of the land would be the , worst of thr t wo. It would create opposing ind hostile relations between the old and . new Slate#, in reference to the public do** main. Heretofore the conduct~of the Gov. eminent has been distinguished by the groa. rat hbenihty, riot to say generosity, towards ihe new Spates, in the admin*ration of the public lands. Adopt this scheme, and tit conduct will be ihe reverse. Whatever might be grunted to them^ would sabstract in equal HmgfUrit from (besom to be dyt'^luted. An ^austere und rigid odminrerra- # ion would be (he resell followed byhflSTtte feelings on both sides, i|ut would accelerate ;he conflict between them in reference to the aublic doMjainr-a conflict advahcing but too Last by thenatur.il course of events, aull which any one, in life least gif ed with farelight, must see, come when it will, would dinke thp Union to the centre, antes prCvcrt* ed by wise and timely concession. Having shown that the scheme is. ftpbfeel,to imjiose dutiosfor d stribution, tlie next jtiesMon 18* 00 w.'toni will wey lull I l know ii it fhcr^iSra;'-great diversity of opinion-, as 0 who, in fact, pays lite duties on imports. 1 do not intend to discuss that po of. ' Ws if ili? staple and exporting Slates have long letfled i he quesion, -for ourselves, unaninously. front sadayiper i< n o. YWjknow how mnously^^n^yjpfbfl on' us ( bow they h^olateiT^Sp^nnd exhausted our arcion. Wo also know how rapidly wo ha ve Ix** recovering arrhsy have been going jff, in spite of alT the difficulties of the times, mi tjio distracted and disordered state of lie currency. It is now a fixed maxim with us, that there is not a whit of different . is lar as we arc concerned, between a a port and ihiport duty?between paying.ton Suing our, or returning in or going down<ju> rnarke:, or returning back. If this be, trt#f if wltich wo have no doubt, it is a point^of 10 little importance to us of the staple Stabe < a know what portion of the (hltfrs wHI fall <Tour lot to pay, We furnish about throe, fourths of tb? etpqgrts with about "two-fith? J of the whole population. Four.fithrof five miHtoas is four millions, which would be the the measure of our eon*ribifitb(i<$ and twos fh'is of five million*, which would be our ihare of the distribution ; that is to say, for *very two dollars wo would receive, jndif his notable scheme, wu would pay fottr dgfc ars to the fund from 'which it wojld bo de ivrd. I now ask, what docs it amount to, but tjrnking the income of the Sraies to the a. uount of five millions annually, common iropt'Tty. to lie distributed among them ac? sonling to numbers, or some ?Qdk ratio, without die least reference to tiioir* respectvo contr buitinn ? And whet is that but rank agranaiMsm*??gfatiamsm nroong tjgk Slates T To divide-the annual income is a/*? itiucb ogruriunism as 40 d vide pro0&fo jt. Krlf; and Would be as muck so, divided *. mong twen j six States, as among tweirtf* i'n indiv ideals, Let me admonish the nffem-.v ^ bers op|io9?to, they really apprehend tho spirit of agrarianisra as much as might bo in (erred, from 4<?eir frequent declarations, not to set the ft nil example here, in iheir legislative capacity* Remember there Is but one stop between dividing the income of the States, and that of; individuals, and i partial unU genera) distribution. Proceedingastep farther, in tracing ponwquencee, another question presents iteelf ?on What wficlbfwoli the duties he^a d 1 Da the free or the rfhrieti article t SltaO ihey he laid for rovende-or fer protection/ is it no; obvious that so large on ambOfft is five miflionsj equal to one.third of the present ujroine from that'aourcf, and probably not much less than one-half what it will be at thu end of two years, cannot "be raised without rousing from its slumber thu tariff question, with all its disiractteo-'aod . t i annjger i oikiuiu uiai, iiuwcvrr, uurvRyjp znse, there is another consequences connected with this, that cannot fail to rouse it as I shill now prqpeed to explain. The act of chstgbutiog the sales of the public lunds among (be Slates, of itself, as well as thejimOunt to be distributed, tfltt do much to resuscitates (heir credit, fris the desired result, and the leading motive for (he act, Five millions annually, ((he amount assuhxfdt) on a pledge of the public joina-n, ol itself, be a sufficient btv sis for a SfiPgRibtety or an hundred mfo lions of dollars, injudiciously managed. But tuppose that only one half shoufdmf applied, as the means of negotiating loins a*, broad, in order to complete the old, or to commence new, works of improvement, or 31 her objects. 1 ask, what would be the jfTocv on our imports, of negotiating a loan n England, or elsewhere in Europe, of forty ~>r fifty millions, in tho jourse of the text " d^'Jh ne^ol',t^G?:8' A crtJj*n '9 oi)tai0^? ^ wealflfy Bills dre drawn on tlris country, anddmtfaohJ to merchants. These aretranttnilteil to Europe, and the .proceed* returned in good*, swelling the tide of imports in pr portion to the amount. The crash of our manufacturers follow, and that, in turn, by denunciations against over-itnporting an orer-trading, in which those who have been most active ia causing it are sure to join, bet will take special care to make not the least allusion to the res! source * whence it Hows. Is not dfet the casc^fcL this moment t And can it be doubted, tfifr with the increase oWhe cause, thfe cfetaor * -w III!