Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, March 13, 1840, Image 1
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VOLUME V.
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iMSiT? ABttves eesew ^
EDITOR AN D PROPRIETOR.
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" T Eft MS:
If paid within throe mouths, . . $3 00
It paid within three months after the
close of the year, 3 50
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Two ;wsa0' subscribers will he entitled to tho
paper the first year for five dollars, paid at tho
time of subscribing; and fivo now subscribers
for ten dollars paid at the time of subscribing. /
No paper to be discontinued bat at the option
of the editor till arrearages are paid.
Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines,
inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty
cents,each subsequent insertion.
Persons sending in advertisements are requests
to specify the number of times.tifsy are to bo.:
insetted; otherwise they win be continued till
ordered out, and charged accordingly.
CTTho Postage o* jst be uafci^udftcomraunications.
,
From Young's Annal9 of Agriculture.
expebimexts on carrots.
By the Rev. Mr. Carter, of Flemplon,
Suffolk. .;i
T lie soil ort which the f Ho wing trials j
were made is sand; fetourfS^tfnbcs d-cp,
upon an imperfect clay bofotr..
W 1771.?March I6.h, sowed om> acre
with carrot.seed ; April 5th another; April;
5ih another; and Hie jjud the of month
a thirJ : four pound df seed per girre. Be- j
gan to 1>0H May ncr? ar
at lis. 15/but tho w<> plcints
so very small and full of w<?ed$i tbat they
could not goon by tb?.acre, which oblig-d
me to get thorn hood by the day at Is. 5d.
u man. Carrots gen> rally cometo tho hot?
in seven weeks from sowing. The-reason
of mine being longer, i*. apprehend lo be
partly from a cold backward spriqg, and
partly from the seed being oM. New send
is a very material article in order to succeed
in j? carrot crop. It will come up a week
sooner than {he old seed, and conscquon ly
the crop wiff get greek's advantage of the
weeds, mach to the benefit of honing, upon
, which operation the whole diffi-'Ulty of
m succeeding is placed, N. B. it is b< t:cr to
sow five puuttds insteucNnf four of seed p< r
acre, in order to guard against a bad
season or bad sc-d ; and the hoers, from
the smullness of ll??? plants, ore more apt to
leave too few than too many. As ?: is very
difficult to be sure ofg fling now seed from
gardeners, it would answer very well to any
ooe who intends cultivating cm ro s 10 grow
his own seed; this I attempted afterward?,
but the hares eating the roois tip. I go it
from WethersfiekJ in Essex, where I have
always been supplied with good'sond, the
the price varying from 6d. to '2s. Gd. a
pound. -Hoeing two notes and a half by
workmen at I# 4d. a day, cost iwc 3/. 1.4s.
or 1 / 2*. per acre. Run thcin over a thirl
time by harve si-mcn, worth about 2s. jw
^?ere. * October 10th, began to take ?p the
femii Which I dt t our to tlie workmen at
three farthings n bushel, toppin r, lading,
and measuring included. Mitn. One
iJsal/'peBney is good pay for it. and- has
"tie * always been token at that price since by
the workmen. Product ot the two acres
and half. 851 bushels, sold nt 8c/. jv-r bush*el.
Ail expenses paid t cleared 201.
1774.?Sowoel one acre and a quarter,
March 24th, six pounds seed p r acre;
April 10th, three acres'marc 4 12 pound*per
acre; bognn to. hoe /nop 1st, nt 30*.
per acre, twice hoeing* Afsw- ^Joed about
10 rod per man per day, Juno lit!), loir,
rowed one acre afler being ho&Ta week,
bat tore up many ^young carrots, arid did
considerable damage August 1st, bcgnti
to tjpnd.weed by women at Is. per acre.?
October 27 b, began to take them up at one halfpenny
a bushel/loppiog. &c. inclu led ;
finished November _14<h. Total produce
1040 bushels, or 250 |H*r acre.
Expenses.
. Hoeing ns above, ,?6 7 6
Weeding, * 0 4 3
Taking up, ^ 2 3 4
24 pounds of seed at 2s. 2 8 0,
s ' 11 3 1
1000 Bushels sold at 9d. 37 10 0
Reserved 40 bushels, J 1 10 0
m ??
' 39 0 0
Expenses, 11 3 4
'jW ""*"*
Profit, ?W 27 16 M
.
0r, per.aere, 6 11 5
Men. My man thinks that six bushels ?
of carrots do not more than equal one o1
oats for horses ; in which case the value of
carrots is id. a bushel, oats being 2s.
1773-?February* 2nd, so wed,one acre
and 20 rod with 10 pounds seed ; bctrnn
to hoe May 14th, tho weather turned out
very rainy, so thai they could not finish till
L tho 29th. Part of it let out at 2d. per rod
^ the first hoeing , the rest by the day, at
Is. 4d. a man, cost rather more thun 1
- '* 1 An - I ? ?J" i_
l-Zd. per rou. ? junwj^t; W gun ro noo a
second time, at Is. 44. a day; cost 18a. or
nol quite I 1-44 per rod, or per acre 16s.
8d First hoeing 1/. Began to take up
October 25th, at 1-24. per bushel. Produce
455 bushels, sold at 6d. a bushel.
1779?Began to sow one acre April
22nd. Began to hoe Jue 1st, and continued
it occasionally till August. Produce,
besides many stolen, 368 bushels : sold
to Lord Grosvonor at Newmarket, Tor 84.
bushe', paid 24. for carriage, 64. there#
foro .nett.
* ' 0 The carrots werq given !a hogs moro
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than once; some seemed to thrive tolerably j u
for a time; with otters they were pnjudi- a
rial. Upon tho whole, I can value carrots n
for, hogs at not more than 3d and riot to be si
depended on at any price. They are better s<
for horses than for hogs especially for such n
as are broken* winded ; but not to be relied it
on as a food instead of oats being ehieflly ai
to bo considered as a luxury or physic. si
In respect to their ?ffoct for succeeding tl
crops, the soil is light and sandy, and con- a<
sequently very subject to spear grass ir
(trilicum repens) *hich hoetng rather in- fc
creases than destroys; und I could never I
find that the land was in order for barley to
lay down with clover, so that f have gener.
ally sowed thwn Qjter wheat, in order for 01
the turnips to follow-; aod thve fountj much si
labor necessare^t? free the land from the tG
spear a word, they can never be
introduced in courses, as turnips are ; to
sell, they ore highly advantageous, but the ^
demand ts nothing; the culture should,
therefore, be confined to a small space of
land for the particular uses I have just
mentioned.* *
Observations. By the Editor.
My own experience in the culture of this 8.
root is rather diff-rent from my friends, in f1
several particulars 'r but this by no means *
impeaches either his practice of mine,-for ni
ouf.Soils arc equally different. I have
fou(kJ^carrots to clean the hind be t?ar, 1 11
think, than any other crop I cultivate and ! 01
had (he pleasure, two years ago, of showing *
h crep-of barley to Mr. Carter after them, ri
Irit was absolutely clean. But I am very ,ni
little troubled with speat grass, which' cer- n
tainlv muf'iples in sand vastly more than 01
in other soils, and "ccounts for the different ^
results of our trials. The gr??nr ohjeef is s'
the -vtolUe nfthe root consumed at hom.'.?1 !r
Mr.'Carter's expenses may be thusTalculotivJ.
" * " ' *
Se'-d, five pounds at Is. and
sowing)'- *?0 5 6 "
I1..n Inff nor nrro. ^ I a,
?'"* l"*t ? * "? I
- 1771, ?1 14 0 Ci
1772, 1 11 0 1 14 0 *
1773, 1 16 8 / ;{?
Ave rage of the three, J ? bl
1 19 6 b
Taking up. a' }<* per bush.
crop ot 1771, per acre 283 '
1772, 250 *
1773, 404
1779, 308 "
Average 328 bush, which at P'
1-2/ are, 0 13 7 F
Suppose rcut, (See &c. to be 0 10 0 Ci
P<
?3 8 1 >
I><
The rrop at 326 bushe's, the prime cost P
ofthecnriots is something better thnn 2 I1
l-4d. per bushel. Suppose thetn consumed ,r
at home, to pay 4d. per bushel, the profit b
wouldJhe 1 3-4d? or per "ncre (a? 326
bushejs) 2/ 7s. 04. which woull answer ?
perf'-ctly weH. Are thry worth id. ? Fiat -
cxpcrimemuvu If
ever Mr. Carer makes nny trials lo ^
ascertain this po;n\ 1 hive no doubt of their *
b*'ing very Valuable, since no man is more *'
accurate or more attentive. A. Y, Jj
*1 should observe that Mr. Carter did not Cl
draw up this account with any intention of a
printing jb but merely for his own pnvato use; w
I parsuaded him to let me copy, it for this _
work ; it is accordingly transcribed verbation ,j
from the journafebook of his farm.
From the Sporting Magazine. if
ALLOWANCE or WATER TO HORDES. w
It is by no means on uncommon notion ?
thai if hors> s nre to be go: into condition for ^
work, they should be allowed to drink but >?
a very small quantity "of wa'er. Chi what p
physiological basis this opinion is founded, w
1 confers npppnrs to mc a perfect my? ery. t*
Nevertheless, as many persons adopt this c
treatment, it is fi.ting to notice it. For my *
own part, 1 have ever found that it is an o
extremely bad plan to stint a horse in his c
water, and have consequently always made ?
a practice of leaving plenty of it at all tim-t
within reach of every horse I have had.? d
Of course 1 do not intend to say that when n
a horse comet in heated from exercise ho
should be suffered to drink, or should ri
have a belly full of water ju>t prior S
to btting ridden ^ hut if a horae be jra- n
tered ad libitum in the morning, he will fi
not require to drink again for some hours, c
and should never be allowed to do su o
then, unle s perfectly cool. Those horses R
that are only supplied with a limited quarm- f
ly OI WaitT HI a limr, auu an, (iev ? pi nun*
ted to slake their lhirst fully, will bu much,} ?
more hable to be griped, if at any chance q
they should drink th?'ir fill, than those w
that are always^suffered to take as much a
as nature - dictates ,to thptn: but shou'd "
a horse have been hard worked and ti
come into his Stable very hot, I would, a
afier having seen him welt dried, only b
give him a small quantity, for two h
reasons ; first, because his eagerness for e,
water may lead him to drink more at a time n
than is good far him ; and, secondly, be.
cause n large quari'ity of water wiH probably g
cause him to break out into n cold sweat, ir
in which he may remain all night if not ti
looked to. After having taken a third, or le
less, of a stable pailful of water, he should 2
be kept without any for some time, and then c
be allowed to take what ho pleases. YV hen,
however, you intend to stint your horses in a
this way, do not suffer your groom to offer F
him a pailful of water, and to take it from v
him when ho has drunk a small portion of k
it, but let just tho quantity you wish him to
have, and no more, be given to him; he will *
then feel to a certain degree satisfied with g
what he gets; whereas by taking from him t!
ERS'
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HE R P W
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AW, SQUTH-C AROLIN
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hat lie expects to have, he becomes fretful
ud discontented, : In the first instance he
lakes u{) his ihmd to slake his thirst with, n
tort allowance of whter : whereas in the
eond his just expectations are balked in
>id career, and his imagination cheated as
were in the height bf his employment?
ml there is much more in this thnn may be
Apposed. Physiologists life well awar?*of
?e connexion existing between the stomal)
and the brain ; and those who have not
quired into this fact must either do so be*
>re they attempt to refute it, or take what
have sa d as proved. . :
-J- vr
[A horse when heated and very thirsty
light not to be d? ni?d water altogethor. A
nail quantity without doing injury, will
nd rocool him, and prepare him the earlier
ir a full draught, whilst it adds greatly to
ia kn. fraz.l
I# ^VIIIJUI I* . . jmmmmw ?.... J
From the .Mississippi Farmer.
Log hall, January 25,1840.
Messrs Editors.?The plan I have fol.
iwed of rearing, managing, and fattening
wine has been 100 mu<h like inv fellow
i.izens, to be able to givn much practical
nowIe!g?* on th s subject?a subject of
luch greater import to Mississippi than
who will be our next*President"?and one inrti
neglected. ' I bold that the planters
nd fanners, of Mississippi, are better able
> Jake care of-'o^k than more northern
>unrie*; because our winters are shorter
r?d rti'lder, food as easily proritred, and
one of us scarcely but has a hand too old
r too young, that coul J b<> ecnjdoye.i in
idkiug the "pot boil." Much of what I wd]J
iy wtl! be nji't at the start, with "too much
dubK" i4lime lost," &c., but all the
IrouWe and time" U but gain to a sys.
imatie farmer.
Your bogs should be of some good breed
wit w HI mature eatly, arrive nt a fair size,
nd firit' i) kindly* This done, provide no.1
Rssary fixtures for boiling for, nnd housing
ock. "There are no ummuls which delight
tore in. a dean, and comfortable place to
c down in, and none that cleanliness lias a
ttcr effect upon with respect o their thriv.
!g and feeding,"?N. E. ^Farmer of '31.
'lie atiention of an aged or infirm negro
ill do the balance, if food be provided.
I know of no befer plan of rearing an<!
mnaging swine than that of Col. V. C. H.
ut)lwln*d in ihe 3d No. of ih" Mississippi
' miner, so far up it goes. Very few sows
in ra ae pri fitably alfthe pigs, more es. j
nefally young sows. I hd?e for several
is rs been an advocate for des'royng a
artol'everv Inter when there were too many
gs. Don't let tows breed under twelve
wnths: to prevent this, if you keep hogs
i an enclosure, keep the boar in a lot to
mself, and turn sows in to htm.
In w inter feed hogs on boiled corn soured,
r on hasty pudding, or gruel; in summer
ivo them 'he run of n grass pasture, well
d on >quus':es, cucumbers. and general rcjso
of the gurdon : ho?8 will fatten on
quashes winter or summer?rotten cotton
pod is a good food if Otherwise attended to ;
eep salt where hogs can get it Qny time,
'he usual -moJo of fee ling hogs on dry
nrn is the worst and most extravagant of
I plans ; it would be be.tor to soak it in
aiter several days until soft, and' soured
-and keep a suppl) ahead of at least three
a>s*s.).tk.
But the best plan is to boil all food, and
slightly acidulated, still better. Hogs
ill fit-It'*r faster on parsnips or millet, than
n co n ; the first will not make the best
aeon bu? eah soon be made equal, by feed
f C II
ig on corn or m*<ai. II every niriner wiii
reparo for stock, the cost and trouble
ill not be felt. Hogs will, after ti litil
\iuhl , eat ground nrtiehok'-, pnrsn ps,
?rrots, b< ots, urntps squashes ^lri^<h
nd sweet po aloes, null't, 8>?me
f hem wi hoot any pr pnration, These
an all he'raised here cheaper than any
rhere I huve ever been.
An old negro enn boil enough in half a
ay to feed a stock for a week, and is with
o more trouble than giving them corn. i
John D. G'llmrd in. an article to the Agicultural
Society of Pondlcton District,
louth Carolina, says that, he tri? d the usual
iode of feeding Ijol's, and found it! waste
j| ; h" then tried for three years boiled
orn and peas : ho then commenced the use
f corn meal, "and although the weather had
ot much more severe, they fuaened much
tsier and|*vat still less."
Ho fed 'ight quirts of corn per day?
J&gs "fell away fastthen ook "four
uurts of corn meal boiled in ten quir.s of
rut'r unul reduced to eight quarts," salt
dde J?remained in a vessel one day?
and in one week from this day this pracce
was adopted,they locked much better:
nd from that time increased in flesh." Ho
elicved if he had continued the corn, one
ulf would huve died. Many of your road
rs well know the standing of this gentle,
inn.
B tnjamin Colmin of Spottsylvanin, Virinia,
in 1821, used millet boiled, or in mool,
t fattening hogs ; their increase was aswishing
on a triul between corn and milit,
the one fed on the latter in^p'as'd as
8 2 3 to 122-3 in fifteen duys. See Amerian
Farmer, Vol 3.
Tite Rev. Benjamin Colman in an
rticlo published in the New York
firmer of October 1834, makes n
ariety of statements in regard to different
in#!., r\f fXrvft tlln nria numiriinunl PACpnl. I
IIIU'l Wl IWWVJ, til UIIVJ VA|H IIIIIUIII |vyvii?r
made of*giving swine raw meal mixed
ritii water, I have found a fulling off*in their
ain of nearly Ifalf compared with g'ving
leir food cooked, as boiled potatoes.
?f * * *
Cr A. 2
r ? jj
*
A, FRIDAY, MARCH 13,
carrots, mixed with m^al while hot; tfio
results being in a stye con'nininga number
of swine, us 239 ro 500*" TIk* Hon. John
Lowell says ; "I have taken two pigs of one
hundred pounds each, age six months, and
never was able between May and November,
to ge? them above one hundred and
eighty, rarely above one hundred and seventf.
1 have taken three pigs of about thirty
pounds each, und on the same food which
1 gave to the two, th?*y would wigli one
hundred and eighty pounds each in thesame
period thereby advising that m
be put up to fat en at an early age.
The Rev. Mr. Colman sums up with, *'I
believe in all cases cooked food will have a
decided advantage over thai which is given
in a raw st ue; an advantage more than
equivalent to die labor und expense of its.
preparation."
A writer in (he New York Farmer of
*31, w ho signs himself a "Scientific Farmer,"
mentions a fact conclusive. A neighbor
had Tied two seasons o fatten a hog with
a large frame, but had each time, after feeding
the worth of the hog, b?? n compelled to
give it up. "A Scientific Farmer" bought
him, nnd r>v the use of corn meal aud potatoes
boiled, and occasionally pumpkins
, ..I ! J *
louse n:s worus, "no tateica asiumsning\y?
Jesse Burl of Albany, Now York, one
of the beS' formers of any age, estimates
"the actual expense of fattening hogs thus,
upon tu'c refuse of die farm crop, is fifiy to
sever: ty.fi vcp'-r cent, icss than feeding with
dry corn." fie, feeds with small refuse
potaloci and meal briih-d?says he eon boil"
thirty gallons completely in eighteen minutes."
Richard Peters of Pennsylvania, a gen tieman
of no less reputation as a judge, than
as a tanner, says, in December i23? sour
food is the most grftcftil .nnd alimentary to
swine, one gallon of sour wash, goes fartltcr
than *wo of sw?<t." Vide Mrmoirs of the
Philadelphia Society for prompting agriculfurr,
Vol. 1, page$2&
I have now given you the facts from several
S a es, from practical men, and from
riusi oi reputation?gentlemen wl\pse edu.
cation, and in ellept placed them far above
their Mows?and' all agree feeding iu^
an open pen on corn and water to be wasteful
: ti;ev furtiirrmore ngrue that hogs will
fatten luster in u clean, warm, dry stye, fed
on slops, whether cooked or not. Nearly
every writr from any potion of our land,
wi?h a I irg number (whose writings I have
sC'-ri) 11 oiii Europe, speak of cooked lead
as cheapest in the end. I have tried the
boiled, soun d, and the plan my father fofc
lowed, r give preference to the first?the
s> cond fur bo lore the lust, and the road my
fatlter travelled is sup", bir like the road to.
m il?Micro is out: by the sije of it shorter
and much better.
The length of this article w ill lire many
of your readers ; so lot it be ; but I trust
it will excite the attention of a few whose
energy and enterprise wdl inducn th??ir? to
try; Hogs are tidily f?tten<-d. Let every
l-irmopplant more potatoes than he will ex
pect to ca. ; lay aside the inferior for bis
hogs,cattle and horses; plant a large gar.
d'*n, have it well filled wiih parsnips, currots
? * - . i
UCfqr, caoongp anu squnsrw s, or pumpivos, i
squash* s, pimfers and peas, in hiscnno [or
eorn] 6-Id; and 1 venture :ho asser ion that
next y- ar be will read with pleasure an article
even longer tlv?n this.
Yours,
M. VV. PHILIPS.
From the Mississippi Parmer..
. Log Hull February 11,1840. .
Messrs. Editors :?Having ilrs day received
a letter from an extensive importer
of blooded stock, and belitving that the contents
will prove accep able to many of your
readers, 1 subjoin as much thereof as is
though: necessary :
'* The prise of sto. k, especially catlle
and strep. depends so much upon their va~
rious qualifier tions, that it is difficult to give
you a smisfar-ory reply on this head. Good
' Herd Book" pedigrees constitute a great
part of the value of short horns.
I attended two large sales, in Yorkshire,
(Eng.) viz t J. Coiling, nnd the Eirl of
Carlisle at Castle Howard. The entire
herds, including bulls, cows heifers, and
calves averaged about ?75 each?8360
dollars. One cow, nme years old, was sold
for 3*^0 guineas?$1600 dollars. YVe
however engaged to pu> down hen1, (New
lli inuiK f.:i V hcif.Tu in rnlf nt S?filch 1
cows at "bout $650 to 700; young bulls
$400 to 600. All will) full M Herd Book"
{) digrtes.
In *h?'ep, too, there ig a great difference
in price; some of tin* celebrated ram breeders,
hire out rams at $200 to 350 p"r season.*
Tli -y tfen-rnlly average at ?20, in
lots of 60 .>ti'i 100 ; scarcely any are let for
less thm J&8 to 10. Those rams that we
have imported, have been sold for $100 to
150 each. Kwes $50 to 60,?all Soil.h
Down breed." Berksh re pigs we sell at
$50 per pair. ^ .
Cannot some of < ur fellow citizens he
induerd to become importers, some who
have the money, ?rid wish to do gOod fof
their S ate ? Even :f interest must stir
tnem up, they cannot make a better investmoot;
good stork inbst be procured in Mississippi;
they will he her*, and will be the
great lever ;o raisesus from our wretchod
state. Tne writer of lie above letter re"
turns direct to England, and will fill nnv or
ders; will ei hor lake co ton and purchase
with pruce&ds on commission, or will deliver
in Now Orleans ar stateifyrices.
A Idler vviH roach him in a few days in
Nasbvill*, Tenn., he scon fetwis to New
j!fe
* M,
r wprii Vv
id JCi Jt Jr
T I ZE ?.
1840.
1
" * "* * " -^ *
Orleans on his way. Mr. S-. Wait is the I
gentleman?he will give referrences sat'S-*. \
factory in the w ?st, or elsewhere. I feel J
very anxious to mre some of the pure stock 1
in this country.. -I want the people at farge
to see the immense difference, and could I v
control the means, i would risk ail loss*-* in
y?it and rejoice at the opportunity.' $
+8utkccss attend your effort^ is the wish- l<
?f>.ywurs, &cl r
M. W. PHILIPS. t
N. B.?J. Colling is the celebrated bree.. 1
d? r who sold "-Comet" some years since k:
lor f0OO guineas. ?
SILK CULTURE.^ ^ I
. -s *r ? # * ' - ' a
TBB DOMgjtTtC COCOOIfERY. > S
It is expected that during tho season of 1
184(1, great numbers of persons will desire 1
to try experiments in feedmg silk worm*, s
' i . &i t?
anu to enaDie tn?*m ro ao so upon inn hkwj
economical plan, we have prepared the loU 1
lowing directions for fitting up and conduct- ^
ing a domestic coconery. Entire confidence '
may bo placed in ail the estimates and cuL 1
culat.ons, as ifrey oru founded upon the re- 4
suits of tictoal and JodicioOs praciice, boih '
of European nnrfAmerican culttfrlsts 1 The j
EJnor of this Journal lias been able to'" es- 1
tabfisn a set of simple principles or elements, (
deduced from the'practice above alluded to, '
of numerous individuals, which will enable ^
any person to make bis calculations without '
difficulty, viz; . !
1st. Tlie average Weight of lenVes that '
oaclvmorus multic.ntfiis tree will afford dur- 1
ing ltd first season's growth, on land orfair
qu a I ity^ and the trues planted four feet by
one apart, is One pound. * . 1
21. The average quantity of leaves con; 1
sumed by each worm during Us life, is one 1
ounce. - ', '
3d. The space of shelf occupied by the .)
worm* is ns folh>\vs: ^ , 1
Dur'g. tho Isfag?, 1,000 w's. oc*y. | of-a sq. ft' ,
** 2d age, i* " ' 3-4 ** i%
" 3d i?g<S u "' ** 2 sq. ft. 4
** - -4th ago, ** "** ? ** 6 * * y
? 1ih age, M " # 18 * M
' 4th. Tluee thousan 1 worms will make
One bushel of cocoons
5. One bushel of cocoons will mnke one !
pound of raw silk, ready for market.
6 th. One pound of cocoons will produce
one ounce of eegs. ij -
Ti us, 1,000, worms the first yean these '
will require 288 squaro feet of shelf, or 8 j
shelves, 12 feet long and 3 feet-wide. They
wiH produce bushels of cocoons, or the
snnto number of pounds of merchantable"
"raw silk.
l T.;cse simple elements, and nil calcula. j
-Imnr. rni,n,Lul nn ihoin if miltl linrfW* in 1
Hujia (uunvi' u vu ??.! .?, ^ w -v. .? ...
Untiid, refer exclusively to \hc ?uifura I system;
that wt ic h all persons yill practise in a do.
raesiic cocoonery.
Any common room may be jlled for the *
cocoonery. It.oughrj however, to have one
or more windows on finch side, nod if it i
have n fireplace, it will bo all the better lor I
it. Tlio second story of tho house will be
better for the worfns than the first, though it
ts not so convenient for the attendants. ? Jf
it be d< sired to fit it up temporarily for the
cocoonery*the following plan will answer
every purpose, without the least injury to
the watis, or any thing else ; and after the
cocoons ore gathered, the shelves can bo removed,
and the lumber used for o her purposes.
Suppose the room to be 20 feet long, and
16 feer wide. Make three trestles, such as
Ciirocntcrx use. out ofscunthnfr. 3 feet Ions,
1 foot high, with 4 logs. Set one in the
middle, and one near each end of one aide
of the room, and Jay upon them 3 pkwk, j
1G feet loop, and 1 foot wide; thus making
a temporary table, 16 feet long and 3 1eet
wide. A tin pnn car* be phced under eich
foot of ihe trestles, to be kept full of water
to prevent nnta and other vermin from geti
ting upon iheahelves They can bo obtain,
ed 'very cheaply at every tin shop, and are
effectual preventives of such evils.' A socond
shelf may be placed upon the first, by
fixing the trestles directly over those below,
and a third, fourth, fifli und sixth in the
same way. The trestles should be made
to stand firmty^pnd level, witb the ksgs expanded,
that they may act as braces to
s:eady tho range of shelves. Thd |)larxk
need not be nailed down, if it be an object
not to injure them; but the shelves would
he more steady and firm if this were done. '
In setting up these shrives, a space ought
to be Kt between them and tho wall, to prevent
ants, &c getting upon them from that "
quarter; a few inches will bo sufficient* In
j a room of the above dimensions then, we
sj.all have throe ranges of shelves, 16 feet
long, 3 feet wide, with an alley of 3 feet be'
twecn each range, &c. and a space at each
end.to pass freely.
If we put 6 shelves in each range, we
shall have 10 shelves, 10 by 3 f? ot .each,
and these will contain 48,000 worms. The j
plank fclHves should be covered with old
newspapers or any other waste paper.
The management of the silk worms on .
this plan, may be hs follows':.?Expose tire
e%2* 'o hatch in the usual manner. Pay no
a'ten'ton to those that hqtch the first day.'?
Phase that hatch on the second day, should
be placed on the first Wh#o of sbr.htes;
those that hatch on the third dny, on {Ire
second range ^ and those that hatch on the
fourth cloy, on* the third range. Pay do
attention to tho few that hatch after the
fourth day, they aro too dilatory to bo pro*!
fraiiIn the yqung worms are very easily re-1
rnoys(? fVom the batching table, by laying j
swmH muItHTry leaves upon thcmf'and whwf j
; they cltiob to take c?-zb
'17*
? f ^ ~J? ~ k
S%&* 4- .'. ~4.>V ^.. -- ' i . ^
. V * * ? ' *
'y ..: .
NUMBEitlS;
eaf by the stem, and lay it on tho .shelf
vhere you want the warms. Feed tbtf
roung worms.by laying on them a few fres'r
eaves four or five times a day, or oftener,
f they consume them, or lite leaves become
rilted.. During Ihe first age; if the leaves
,re large, they cnay.dw torn, or cut ,jpto
mall pieces, ;: but if you have plen'y of?
eaves, It is not necessary, Afterthey havo
nouhed the first time, lay on leaves, And
vhen the worms hieeome attached to them,)
ift them by the stems and lay them on a
:!pan place on the, shelf, allowing then?
i bout three times as much space as they oc*
:upied before. .You m&jrjriteu clear off the .
!ndf previously, occupied by them. The
tame operation may lie performed after lite
econd, third and fourth moultiogs; catena ~ *
ag the spice they qocupv #ch ttmVas in
ha first, afid clearing onthe fitter in the
tame way.
In feeding the wprmiVifBm the beginning
o the end, it is of importance, (hot they be
ed often and in smalt quantities. It you
ay on too much fond, a considerable perion
will be wasted; but thai is the least cop.
ijderation?the shelves will become loaded
villi rubbish, which will render it necessary
o clear thf,m oftenr We fiavp always found
t. to be a gQod plan to keep the attendant
aniiinualjy feeding?always passing.along
be shelves \vi h a basket of leaves, and
whenever any of the worms life found with*
lut food, or nearly so* lay on a few leaves,
ar.'Fthus keeping thrfLypfrrenunl'v eating
fresh leaves, We kmfiRSlft the practice,
?!?,?. iinino.i?illl> (X r.iA.I ?f? dtl'fl'l tinlln.
AiliiUol lamtji iu ui Oiu VH
?ihrueiirr^s a day, or fb.ur.or-five, and to
Weigh the Wave*, giving at each fiieding, a
certain quantity; but ail our experience
?oes to prove i:s inrproprfcjv. Late at night
it full i*>|!}?JyOT leaves, according fo tf5**ir
age, ougttt to he given thorrv, tlijf they rtl^v
teivo'plenty .duriiigihe night. S; range us
it may npfr*ar, xn.any persons suppose tho.
worms do not eat mueiv at night; the truth " $
is, they eat rather more aj rvghtihun in tho
3fty.*i?x\ as do nH,c;4crpi1Jj/? J and they
ought either-t<? he lid occasionally during
the/light orjtavc a supply given ihcm <$fat
night sufficient to last them riU morningv -
Wet leaves should not be given to silk
worms, nor those having sand or dirt ou
them, If rt cannot be qvoided during lonjJ
ruins, neoesStfy of course will compel the
feeding.\Viih wet leaves; and generally,this
may do no harm ; but I have seen very
!arge quantities of. worms destroyed by it.
ft should always be avoided, if possible.
The moulting oCthe worms will occur
Tour time*, but-unless clos }y observed, and
the several day's bUtcbmgs have not boon
kept carefully separate, these changes vviiI
bo ssittcely.ri'ottecd. The times of moulting
v&fyi jmc??r?ifpg to the treatment the worths
receive'. If fully fed, -and a pro pes tempemuirelte
kept-in. the room, thoy will moult
nboui every 5 or 6 days'; if u contrary prac.
tiot; be pursued, (hoy may dp so every 7, 8,
or 0 days. If each day's lurching have
bdeu k?pt by themselves, mi-1 :hey have all
been properly fed, all dip worms of one
hatching will generally moult about tho
samo time,"(aid, they should not bo fpd while
thry are lp the moulting state. Thayer per.
alfy, remain in this state Iro.m'fS to^M
hours. An soon as rhcy rn\ iv* they shntrm.
be fed, 03 a?3jve directed. wiih large leavc^
o^pven branches, ns soon ni they nttacfy
themselves to the loaves, t^ey should ho re.
mowed to a c!eart slick' li is frenuenilr
tfte C'i^P thai only a par: of h-m iflo'ull ore
day, and the balance tho cm*jp, la this c<*fc,
the two wouJjings shoufa tie^cirrkjj'to separate
shelve s, and thu&'fce'kcpt separate in
future, ns tlicy will otherwise n it ?p.:o cocoons
regularly. As the apace occupivd
hy the WqVots must necessary be expended
as the worms grow, the most convenient
iinio for doing it ts after each moulting.-^.
And if tlvis .be properly done, all the worms
on each shelf can be made to spin at the
seme time, and thus save the attendsot
mueh inconvenience, To eflect if, ?li jfrot
is necessary, is to separate the severe! d$V
hatchings, and at each moulting to cirtlcct
all that revive at one time, nod place them
by themselves. Jtho observe thr.s
precaution trill bo pni>i hr their atrcg.
fion. *x; ' * ."**
After tho fourth moukfogj iT rgu* have * #
plenty of trees!, nfftd ;4<Kf!pt care dbout <tV?
waste ofcutting?j:>Yo^ig^| cut off smsA *
branches wiih the letjjyofjcm, anffloy them
on the slielv^a. 4ii fedojng in this way,
you can save much t:mo, the leaves beep
from willing longer, and more worms ctm
be accommodated on tho game space. Tho
branches shoul f be laid first across fh j
shelf, say six inches apart; nt the next fend,
ing they would be laid tengtliwiso of tho
shelf; and the next, crosswise ngnin, and
-a ft?irtwnn/ii-APCtv*ico on, I Linrttkiiiivt,
SU UiJ OUCiilu?VJ^ tiUMWiwv uuu r?u^r||?v>ou
at each feeding, so that the pile; may form a
mass of crib* work, affording n fret; passage
fojr the air, and accommodation for the
worms, ?Bto which foey.^l descend, 'o
form ccouw TtefSjections to this plan
on; tint in dimp wwllfcr the ninss of rubbrsji
and dung of the worms, is apt to fr>r.
meM, and thus prodiicc disease; ard ufso
tiie lupfo tow of iho cocoons is lost, as ?t hr-.
comes so filled ui;h dirt and fragments of
leaves, that it is not worth saving, ft is beiiored,
however, thai t!to value of this tow
is lcssth.tn the trouble of the ordinary ffv.
turesfir the worms to spin 911 is worth.?
The wr/ter bflfiesc rrnarkvniiscd his siik
worms one season on this p?nn,and tfic ta> *
coons produced wore erpitd to ant he ever
iaked, Qnrc jriiptjld be observed in feeding
in thU wtt*\ not to lay on so many lrapeh*-a
as r?rsa the pile toohigh; as if it approach
r ?-a: tho leftdm oftho sheIf above, tx-foro
?'-? "-j-n)* r.re real? to spin, ii * *!? be v:r7
' * - j?k