a that in the third number of the Journal*) J with
to show to the people that they can make 1 in t
silk there, to teach them how to do it, and the
the profit of the culture. The truth is, thai i posi
in the larger portion of the south of Europe. fron
tt?e silk business is as as new as it is here ; wlii
and even in those districts where it is etiki.! pr.
vated, the systems of culture are generally 'nc'
of the rudest character, ll^nce :he efforts ! whr
of public men thero to improve the business. ! aite
They recommend by precept and example, ! p:jh
cocooneries and fixtures constructed ex- ing
pressly for the business ; an 1 lay down in . noa
the most minute manner; rules for the ma- ; he i
nngement of the worms from day to day. | bur
It w ill, thercf flr<\ bo well for u?, as beginners > &,''i
und learners, to commence right, and to ; boti
practise the art in the best possible manner;;f,r
r ? : r.!?l
to begin, indeed, at the Jiighest grvio ro ; ?
which the Europeans have arrived, and to hav
impfove oven upon that.
Cocooneries.?firth" construction ofco- otiv
cooneries,regard should he had to ronven- thin
i-n^e of form and eligibility or the site. A ; and
long low building is more convenient than ' iect
(
<ine several stories high ; and a high airy | uur
* eituation is preferable to a low one. A i ?lUr
. < bniding inten cd to accommodate 1,000,- I ari
%T flOO of worms, mu*t he eighty P ct long by ; * f?
forty P et in width, one storv high ; or in i ven
that proper ion, I think a better form ' r,"ni
would be woe hundred feet long by thirty-1 arr
v two in width, which would afford the same < wic
room. A plain frame UliJJing is best, it ; ant
should be iveatiter-boarded, and instead of i ves
laths and and plaister, the walls should be ;
tightly boarded also. There should be j
windows every six or eight feet on each J7C0
side, with shutters ; and ventilators along ' S''?i
the sides near the floor, and under each i mi
row of hurdles, and.also in the ceiling, to j hm
admit of a free circulation of nir when ne- j tur
C**ssary ; and so a/ranged with shutters that j
they may be closed at pleasure. The bud- j mc
ding should be raised three nr four fee: j
from the ground, on pillnrs, to insure its ; tha
freedom from dump, and to admit the pus- dv
sa^e of-pure uir from below. This uiso WC
renders it more inaccastible to rats and nice, j l;,r
which are very destructive to silk-worms. ; the
It will be a great advuniage if the building i io
have an upper story or half storv, as it will j frc
protect the cocoonery in the lower story, j to
as it wiil protect the cocoonery in the lower thf
fr<?m the heat of the sun, and will be ! I8*"
very useful as a store room for cocoons, J a (
and many other uses. Where there ore high j ha
trees to shade the roof, they will be faund ol I th<
grail benefit; but they should be trimmul ! W]
s?f their branches as high as the top of the "70
iwildiag, to gunrd against dampness, and to m<
secure a free circulation of air around the j m:
buildiog. Fire places should be provided nic
to each side and end of the cocoonery, for wi
v: the purpose of drying the atmosphere in j ry
-damp weather. Or, what is still better,air I mr
furnaces may be provided in small cellars A
uudcr each end of the cocoonery, for this j Wl'
purpose. j of
The jixlttres for a cocoony are properly i SP'
constructed hurdles or shelves on which to A1
feed the worms. There are, probably, tie 3,1
two cocooneries in existence alike in this
respect. Some have nothing but simple jr0(
board shelves, six to eight feet long, sup. , no
ported upou cleets at each end, and made j he
to draw out and in at pleasure. Others {'i<
have frames of die same dimensions, with ' t0net-work
bottoms, and provided wi.h slid. ! w'
Kg shelves two or throe inches below to ',n'
catch the ordure that fulls from thern. I j wr
lave preferred the latter to simple hoards ; j '*,n
but Mr. VVhitmsrsb, wl o lias for many j
years fed worms extensively, and who at: hn'
iirst used net-work hurdles, prefers the sim-j sh<
pie boards, and now uses thrni altogether. '
Of course there can be but little, if any ad. ! ',e
vantage in the former, or ho would not have , K:v
abandoned then) ; and there must be some dn
advaniug Jin the lutier, to authorize his lay- !
. J,? ?li? an/1 aacnrline Tn fh'J ! th!
OWUC l'ic IILi* nui ft DU J ivtuvi *M?^ - .
boafd shelves in his extensive establuhmon\ un
Hurdles.?The net. work hurJles mny ' a''
be made most cheaply in the following I bf
?nann<T : The frames are formed like the
outside frames of a window sash, of season., j m<
cd pine or poplar stuff, an inch thick, and j
about two inches wide. Maik off the sides 1
end ends on the upper surface with com- J
passes, three fourths of an inch nparr, and j T'K
place half-inch tacks wi:h heads in the j
marks, driven nearly to the head. Then ! c0
take a ball of doubled and twisted cotton CU1
twine, tie the end to the first tack on one j W
corner, and pass it to the other side, around ! ')0
the heads of two of the tacks next to the op- :
posiie corner, drawing tightly, and return to ' nu
the second tack on the first, passing round ,s?
the head of that and the next, and returning in
to the third and fourth tacks on the other p3
side, and so on till all thetacksarc occupied,' 13
and driving down the tacks so that they will1 ter
confine the twine. Then turn the hurdle 1 be
the other way, and fas'en the end of the twine j ea<
to the first tack in the corner and pass the ^'e
tlouble twine alternately overand under two psr
- of the crost threads to the o:her sido, pas- *ed
sing the loop over two tacks drawing them ,ro
tightly and driving down the tacks ; thus &'n
"* ' '? ^ ? % ! out
continuing till the whole hurdle* is nnisiiea.
The meshes will thus be three-quarters of!^'e
au inch square. I have made them by ! anc
perforating the frames with a brad-awl ; ant
and others make them by sawing the frames 1 'or
across at the proper distances, about a
quarter of an inch deep and passing the j evf
twine .hrough the track made by the saw. 1 UP(
think those made with tacks much the siin- j 1
pies?, and as good aa any other. Messrs. ?'Vl
Jenksand Ruinsbuvg of Frederick make; anc^
them in that way. A couple of men can um
make twenty to thirty in a day. Other# j l*ie
make regular netting, and stretch it over s*ar
the corners of the frames, and confine it to ' mui
them with cords. The sizeofthese hurdles ! tfiei
depends upon the fancy of those who make
them. They are generally four to six feet <,Xc
long, and two to three feet wide, i think :
? ...... i ii.ii
two and a bail leet By tour, me most con.
vcoient size. " ?
Standing pasts.?To support the hurdles, n'.^
upright posts arc required from the floor to w'"
tlio ceiling, just far enough ap/tr?, length- !*,nt
wise, to admit th? hurdles between them. Iff ,n P
ibeburdles are 5 feet long and two and a bn!f' *
j or t
M. Amans C.uricr'a? republished trom Far.' ^ni
a&m'&sgiBtcr, (p. 89, to!, viij?Kd. F. R, , Pen<
lh"n the posts should be five feet npnrt a
he clear, lengthwise,and two feet apart w
other way. Cleets nailed across thcs?' n
ts. otto foot apart, beginnim: one foot fi
n the floor, servo to support the hurdles, r
ch tnny be drawn out and in hkeadraw. p
The posts may be made from three- ti
? joists. For small establishments, or;p
;n the room is required for o her purposes J s
r the silk worms have done wi'h il.tnove. v
le frames are made, by rrrrely mortice, s
cross and side-braees into the; pos s c
r the; fop and bottom. They may then n
1 -knn? n/ir.uonmnl!l) Wlinn Dpi p
movnu ttiima W. .
dies are user!, it is nerrssary to have t
2r shelves, with either board or pnp"r v
loins, to slide under the net hurdles two
throe inches below th"m, to catch the r
) that falls fro>n the netting above. Some 1
0 them made like the frames of !he htir- :
?, and of covered with thin cotton clo'h t
ers cover them with paper. But i think I
1 boards wiil he found most convenient, ?
I, in the end, cheapest. The great ob j t
to be gained in choosing the kind of |
dies is, to accommodate the rentes ,*
nber of worms in the least possible space, J
I yet to allow them sufficient room, with t
*ee circulation of air, and also to be con ?
licnt for feeding and cleaning. The (
mes for the hurdle? should therefore, be i
ringed in ro-vs. with alleys between tliem?
le enough to afford room for thea'tend- i
s to pass freely, with large baskelsof lea- i
i. The alleys ought to be, at least, four I
t w i Jo. i
Hatching the Eggs, and Feeding the. Silk <
rtns?next claims attention. I'heprop- r 1
ison for hatching :hp eggs is. when the
ilherry leaves, in an ordinary sensors, i
re attained the size of half a dollar. Na
ally, thes lkworm will hatch wthouihu.
in aid, simultaneously with the df,ve!op:r.t
of the mulberry l??af; huf it is best to
*p them back a week or two if possible,
it the leaves may attain sotne size. If
' eggs have been kept in an ice-house, it
>uld be well to take them thenee o a cel;
nod thenee to a cool room, leaving
?m twenty-four hours in each, and then
the ha tuning-room. A sudden tmnsition,
im the low temperature of the ice.hous?that
of the hutrhing-room, might injure
'in. When they have born kopt in a col
, tt.ey ought to remain a day or two in
:ool room before exposure to the warm
tching room. If the weather he warm.
3 hatching-room will be warm enough
thont artificial heat ; but, if it bo below
S, it ought to bo raised to that degree by
?ans of a stove. The hatching-room
iy be any small ro m that can be conve.
;nlly kept warm, and should be provided
th hutching-tables ; these may bo ordinaplain
tabl'-s, of a sufficient size Jo acrom>da'e
the number of eggs to be hatched,
tabic ten feet long and thtee feet wide,
II accommodtt'e n million. The sheets
piper containing the eggs are to be
road out on the tables, and left to hatch.
J that is to be done, is to keep the warm,
d to increase the temperature gradually,
which purpose a thermomcntT in the
am is convenient. After a few dnys' exsure
in tho hatching room, the eggs will
gin to hatch ; but very few will come out
3 first day, and need not to bo attended
On the second day, n large number
II como out, and then mulberry leaves
isi be laid over them, when tho little
irms will soon attach themselves to the
ves, nnd most lie removed to another ta
bv faking hold of the stem of the leaf,
d bearing it to the table. The fable
>uM bo marked, to indicate the first day's
tching, as the produce of each day mus?
kept separate from tho others. The
roe course rnus' bo pursued with the next
y and the dav following, but not longer,
r the worms that do r ot come out during
j three days are not wor'h amending to,
d should be thrown away. The w< rrrts
rays come out in the morning, and should
removed to their tables and feed imme
iltly, the leaves on which they were reeved
being their firsf meal, and will last
tm till towards evening, when fresh leaves
ould be laid over them.
Cutting the leaves.?Some persons direct
> loaves to tat cut into small pieces while
i worms are small; but I never could disver
any advantage in it, as the worms wdJ
t them fast enough, as Mr. Whitmarsh
>ii remarks. A young worm, not two
urs old, will cut through the middle of
?oMtstnnd hardest mulberry leaf in two
nutes. In feeding the worms my rule
to give them thera a few leaves at a tune,
J to supylr them with fresh ones as often
they consume them?night and day. It
directed by the French and Italian wri.
s, that a certain quantity, by weight must
given them n certain number of times
:h da}' ; but 1 have always found that
iy best, begin fo spin their cocoons soon.
, and make better and more silk, uhen
as much as they can eat. night and day,
m the time they are hatched till they beto
spin. I clo not recommend large
mtities of leaves to bo laid upon the hurs
at one time ; hut rather moderate ones,
1 that they should be continually watched.
1 supplied with fresh food as often as the
mer supply is consumed, or becomes hi
least icilted, even if they require feeding <
;rv hour. I cannot sufficiently impress )
>n the mind of the leader the importance
his rule. On a previous page, I have t
en the results of the contrary practice, r
I that here recommended, in parallel col- (
ns, and I once more assure the reader of j <
correctness of I hose results. It my I
tie some persons to be told that tli<y t
11 attorn! to the worms at night, and i
efbre it is as well to inform them that I
/ need t.ot do so ; that they will make a
ellenl silk and a fair profit, too, by feed u
well during the day ; and g ving lliom a ti
feed on leaving them at night. Bir d
r must be informed that, for every two li
its they omit fee ding the worms, one day r
be added to the time of feeding, and t<
tho produce of silk will be diminished o
roportion as the time is lengthened. r
'he moulting (or shedding of the skins) ji
he worms, takes place four times, anil a
rrally from five to seven days apart, de- w
ding on the manner in which they ore hi
\
?, :
'tended. Those fe?J upon the high press,
re system, (above recommended,) will
riouit every four or five day-* ; and those
!<J upon tlie ordinary system will generally
noult ev'-ry seven to nine days. These
eriods of moulting are of no other infer' st
o 'he attendant, than affording convenient
leriols for cleaning the hurdles, which
hould he done as soon as the worms reive.
The times of moulting will bo readily
een, hy the worms ncglpo.ing their food,
concealing dieins'dves under the leaves
,nd appealing to he asleep. At these iines,
10 food should he given them, nor stiould
hey he molested in any way. They g -nTallv
rem iid dormant about thirtv hours.
Cleaning the hurdles?As sm?n as they
ippear to have revived, some large fresh
eaves should he laid on th' rn, an I a* soon
is they a'tacli themselves to the leaves,
hey mav b" removed to clean hurdles, hy
aying hold of die stems of die leaves, as
diove directed. For the two first ages
his is the best plan for cleaning them
dowever, many persons never clean fhpni
it all till the 'hird moulting. I. should,
lowever he observed tha?, where much |ir.
er and fihh have accumulated. the hurdl't
should be ejenred of i' ; for if warm damp
sveath-r occurs, it wdl be likely to cause fermentation,
and disease in the worms.
After the third and fourth moul ings, the
most convenient mode of changingand cle.
wing the hurdles is, to place a net-worlt
hurdle immediately over the worms?sr
near diem, tha' 'h'-y can readilv ascend up.
an it through fJ,e mesh* s, and place freal
leaves on it; the worms will soon get u|>or
the fresh hur 'l" and the lower one may hf
drawn out, and the filth carried off.
Until after the two first moultings, fh<
worms will occupy bu1 a small space ; fhej
will require about .'ouDi" ns muro spacm
!er the first moulting as thev occupied prev
iously. and should be distrihh ed io i: whei
the hurdles are cleaned. For example
die worms fha' occupied the worms that on
cupied one hurdle or fable fullv? up to da
'ime of the firs* moulting, should be disrib
ut<*d on to two hurdles when they revive
after the second moulting, they will requin
f ur or five ; aft-r the third, ten to fifteen
nn l ?f:er the fourth, thir'y o forty.or evci
more.
The cocoonery should be Hivi led int?*
three parts, or, m least, the wo m? ah?ul<
h? kept in three d's inct portions?say oiw
poition in each end, and one in the midd|<
?tliat each day's hutching* may always bi
kept bv themselves. When tt e s -vera
day's handlings have be??n kept pfomiseu
ousjy fog" h r, die moultings are irp gulni
and the format on of cocoons very inconve
ien:|y so. B si es, the worms that are mo
uiti ng up'd's'urb d by fhe feding of tbos
that arp not, or ibe latter are injuriousl
kept without food. A successful result cm
scarcely be secured without attending lodes
The air in (he cocoonery Hinuld alway
be kept dry and pure, and this is one of th
difficulties 10 be eneouivred, that more
times baffles the best ex'Ttions. Nappil
for tho silk oouho in our ruum'ry, we ur
blessed with n diina'o peculiarly dry, an
conseauentlv better nd ipted o tlie produc
1 *
tion of silk than any other coun'fy cxcof
ili** north of Chinn, and not loss so than thai
Hut we do often have times of damp, drizzl
weather, and we must then resort to rlie us
of fire. Mr. Wliitmursh's cocoonery is sup
plied with hot a r furn ces under each i n
Irom which he can, at any time. 1" hot Rn
? *
dry air into the room, ami thus expel tin
damp air. I am well convinced that thi
is a very far he terpl in than stoves 01 fir*
places. But wlia'ever mode of drving b
used, u must he applied wi.enever tlie air i
damp, at all times during the feeding of th
worm*-, but more particularly when the
are spinning their cocoons, or beginning t
spin.
I have never seen this par of the art r
silk mak ng treated with sufficient force i
nnv European work. 'Witers generally refe
to it, as a desirable condition of the a nioa
iihere,liut seem to attach Irile importance t
it. Mr. Whitmnrg , in Ins late exceljer
little treatise noti-es i'. and enforces the nc
cessity of a dry atmosphere, with gre.'i
judgment and propriety; as also do-s Mr
Ruffin, in the Farmers' R gst'-r. I an
glad to receive the countenance which th
concurrence in mv opinions of such I<
men nffords. A writer in ihe last numlw
of this Journal, (Dr. Em?rson.) aUoenfor
ces its necessity by explaining clearly an
philosophically the reason of it. ami I wi
now onlv refer the reader to his r-m -rks
There is one point, however. which li ha
omi' ed to notice. The silk fluid, as i lea
ves the ap< rturesof the worm, requires thi
aid ofa dry, cool and pure ntmosplu re ti
make perfect si'k. Before it is ex poser i t<
the air it is a thin viscid fluid, and Withou
'li** aid of the nir would remain so. Nov
if the air be very damp, its proper effrt wil
be more or h ss prevented, and the silk wil
be fl msy, and of a very inh rior qua I iy; or
the con*run, if it be dry, cool and pure
the silk vvill In* of the best possible qua li y
When we dry the air by artificial meat s,
is true it will be warm but it is betp-r to b?
warm and dry than cool and damp. Bij
when heat is us< d 10 expel mois'nre, a fret
irculation can be k pt up, which will be o
!*reat benefit.
Formation of Cocoons.?We now com*
;o the moun ieg of ihe worms and spinning
if the cocoons. I bel eve the b'*st anil
heapest contrivance for the worms io spin
>n, is small * isps of rye straw, about n fool
ong, tied firmly togetner at the lower end
md spre td out at the o'her. 1 'n se are s"i
n rows about a foot apart,across the liuides
or shelves, with th< ir tops spread ou'
md pressing against the bo"omof the shelf
ibove to support them in their places and
r? L'pnn ?ii/? ct irs <nri>.*uf ;irvi rf fYi i> Imr
~ *T t r w.?
do, or sh'If five foot long and two and a
mlf wide, there will be three wisps in the
ows jj'toss, and fiv>- rows, making fifteen
i each hurdle. I was formerly in the huhi'
f using broom-eorn straw, with die see-l
leaned ofF, the stem cut ofF close to the
motion of tho straw, and the top spread out
s in the atjyjre, and always found the
orms to do well with it. Mr. Whitmarsh,
owevor, has tried both, and gives the pre
j ferrn^e fo il*?* rye atratr. ThO \vornis rea(J:lv
climb into and spin lheir cocoons a
mong the branches formed by t!io straws
iri'l the cocoons ure muddy gather* d froir
tlicrn.
Cocoon Frames, fyc.?[ have never sm
any of ih?' numerous frames that have be,7
recommended for this purpose; but froir
the descriptions I have had of them. ih'T<
appears to be several objections to them
viz *. the trouble and expense of pr- parmj
tln m, and the laborofgathering'he cocoont
from them. The frames that seem <0 ob<
t mi most favor are those md by lacking
l.jths ed :ewise across the bottom of tlx
sarlwes. wo inches apart, an l th?*n prepar
ing small ladders of twine leading from ;hi
shelf below lo the lalbs. I' is said th<
worms readily elunb thest! I elders, >nd spii
(j their com ?ns in the angles formed by th
laths and ibe bottom of tin? glielf. It mm
. be obvious, however, that a great deal of la
Imr wiil be req tire I t, prepare th m.
shotdd suppose each frame would cost .1
, nitieh as all the cocoons if would contaii
would h" worth. I: is n- edless to he mor
par ii-ular with this par' of the subject, as
, tinve found that every body who has ?ed sill
, worms, has had Suffieien genius tosugg?e
, an apparatus of some kind for them to spl
on; and it is very rare that we find twi
> persons who use exactly the same ; and ihi
fact leads to the inference that the worm
E are 110' verv par'iculnr ;n 'his respect.
> The time of spinning wi t be ascertains
. by the appearane.e of the worms. The
1 will b-rorne soo?".vliat transparent, of
1 slight amb-r co or, cease eating, hold ti|
? their heads, apparently looking about fn
some object above t em, and occasional!
> leaving fibres of s<lk in the leaves. When
j i ever these indications are observed, prep.i
. | ration should be made for their accommod
. j ation w tb tl?c wisps of s'rnw, or othe
) : means. But f w will ascend i?f first, but t
: the course of the first and second day the
. will nearly all have mounted. They mm
e b lo iked to occasionally, and those that d
. not r adily mount should b? put upon th
j straw by hand. The room should b? dark
^ ened, ?nd kept so from the eommencemet
; of 'lie spinning, as t i?e v always mount an
u spin more readily in the dark than in ill
glare of light. li the weather be dry, tl
> vn'ila'ors should also be opened, and r
I much air given them as possible, withoi
? producing a current of wind. Ifthewea'l
i er be damp, it should hedri' d, and kept s
r all 'ho cocoons are finished.
i! During the whole process of* feeding an
i- spinnin r. the cocoonery should be ke|
, quiet; but this is parucularly necessai
>. while the worms are spinning. I once tri?
an exper nv-nt of the effect of a suddc
i* shock upon them while spinning. Wli?
y they had h?en two days nt work, I lei
n large weight fall upon the floor ; it made
i I. ?ud noise, and jarred the house eons'der
s hly. On reeling die cocoons, I found t1
e fibre was broken invariably, when ?h?
- were about half wound off* Various oth<
y e.xper mcnts satisfi d me that th? y rcqusi
< f]iH4>iu<l? to unable ihem to finish die coco
d with an uninterrupted fibre.
The worms generally require ab' ut fo
)i days to finish the coeoon ; but they shou
t. gcnerully be left undisturbed six to pig
V davs from the tim" of tb? last of their mou
e ting, when the cocoons should be gatheri
> and rech-d immediately, or cured forfutu
I. re? ling.
(1 Curing the Cocoons.?Various expedier
p are resorted to for smothering the chysal
s in the cocoon. In Europe, they bako the?
j. in ovens constructed for the purpose?tl
o heat being regulated so as to preyr nf sec
is chiug the silk. The he.v of ih1' sun in tl
e country is generally suffici n'to kill th -i
y and it is recommen led as t' e simplest pr
o C' ss by various writer'. Tiiey spread I
cocoons ou: for several days to the sun, u
- - ? _ _
>f til they become dry, wnen inoy may p
it away in a dry room for future u<e. Gn at ca
r is necessary, however: for, if they are n<
i kill (1, the moths will m ike their wny out
ii the cocoons, and thus s >otl tlvm ; and
i th" cocoons be stored heforo the chrysd
nr<J sufficiently, drv, the moisture will spc
i: th cocoons. A lit le experience will em
. bio any on" to judge when they are proper
n c red. When they are thoroughly dry (
e cured, I ho chrys le> c ?n be rub'ied ini
- powder widt ihe ihuuil) and fingers. B<
r lieving this plan to be the b st.it is d< euic
unnecessary to d< scribe the o'hers.
I If ime -How of its being don", tie er
II coons should be reel-d without cur ng, r
. tiiev reel irmcb more easily than when driei
s Providing Eggs?Be/ore rur.ngtheri
conns enough should be sole ed to produr
[? eggs for tie- next season. They should fc
> ihe best; for, we must infer that the won
> that m ikes tlie best co oon was in the be<
' sta e of health, and will be most likely I
v 'ihv?? the most heal hy progeny. Tw
I hundred and thiry coc ooris will make a
I ounce of or 4000 ; but in selectinj
i firm, it is best to take two hundred and fifi
. for each ounce of eir^s required for net
. season, that due allowance u ay be made fc
t losses from various circumsances, such t
death of moths, Sir. Th'Sn eocoori
should be spr* a I out on a table, and in ,
hou: ten days from the time the cx'onr
f were finished, the mo'hs will come out, an
coup!?, when thMy should be placed o
sheets of paper, the room darkened, an
r left to tluuns' lves. They will separate c;
I hemselves, and the females will d< posit
i their eegs on the papers. As soon as til
I papers are covered with they slioul
! he rolled up, and placed in some metal o
earthen vess< |, arid kept in a c- 1! ir or ic?'
house till wanted n'-xt year. Bo cnrrfi
not to close them air tigh\ or the egjxs wi
be kilted, as they require the aid of air jus
as much as animals (Jo.
Rat<,mice, ants, and cockroaches nr
destructive to silk worms in all stages o
their existence, an J must be guards
ngninsr.
Silk worms eggs are not injured l?y an)
degree of roId ; bu' they should not bo ex
posed to great change* of tempnrafuro sud
denly ; for this reason, lioy should b ' pu it
a cellar or nn ice.house, and k- pt constant!)
there till wanted for hntclnng. If kept ir
an ice-house from the time they are lirs
s hid, they nrrav ho kept from hatching till the
j latter part of t!e next summer, and thus
. t sarcssive crops m ?v bo roared. I am not
i pre pa el to say. however, that successive
| crops will he found profitable. I stdl b".
1 lievethat one rrop, at the proper season, will
) , he found ultimately the most profit,a.
i j b!e. I aho think it very probable that
' I k epino tlir* eggs from hatch tig nunfi b"V,
' on I the natural period, will b<* very likely
,r to injure the constitution of die insec's. If
s rhis plan he resorted to. therefore, I would
recommend that eg:js for next ye jr's use
r h?? alwavs produce I from the first crop.
' This plan will obviate nil tliflfi ulty
on thai score, as the worms of the fir^t crop
j will never be subjected to the protracting
5 trea'merr. Resides, you will then alw ,ys
? be sure of a suppl, of eggs for next year,
' whatever accident may Ix lal the succeeding
1 crorc.
Diseases of the. Sift Worms.?The
I Fre ch and Italians d scribe many diseases
s to which silk worms are subject, nt'na
bate them to various causes. Cleanliness
' and pure dry. however, are die o !y proI
vent vos. as well as remedies, and it'S there,
k for-- deemed unnecessary to go into details.
" Those who keep their cocooneries proper.
ri ly venti aled, und free from damp, and their
o hurdles clean, will have no disens-d worms;
or, if disease does occur under such cir *
cumstanccs, there is no rem dv for it, the
Cause l>iTiri*? aUrihutnnic, prnnamy, n? iumh<
i mismanagement oftheeggs. or'lie worm-*
v from which the eff<?s were obtain d li?ivins
a benn unhealthy. When disease is caused
|> by foul fiir, arising from filthv hurd'es. or
r other < fflnv urn, the cause of tbe foul fiir
y must be immediately removed, by cleaning
- the hurdles, nnd removing the fil h, and
' sprinkling the floor with a solution of either
the chlorides of hm" or soda. The disoas \
t ?-d worms should also be immediately re. !
n moved.
y It is a good plan to hnve a couple of
?t days' supply of leaves always gathered !>< o
forehand ; so that, in case of rain, feeding
? with wet loaves may be avoided. Thoim?
> portance of avoiding wet leaves wdl be
it learned from experience by all who neglect
d the precept.
ie I must conclude this long chapter with
?e the remark, hat notwithstanding the Ion?
?8 time ne-essurially occupied in the d -scripJt
tion, the practical operator will find ih"
a whole art of raising silk worms exceedingly
simple, and easy of perfomanc*. and en'irely
within the capacity of the most ordinary
d persons. Li tie children renddy compiep*
hen ', ??nd can perform ti e whole, alter
*y one*1 practising i ; and they would never
;d require adult supervision, bu' for their liam
biltfv *o negligence. All capaci ies are ca*n
pableofpcjr^nrmm#. but few of Hireling
a .i._ ?_i. 'P,.? u,? rtf cilL-_m .Liner, though
" llir: i it
*' simple an<l oasilv r?*q?iiro?! in nil us par's.
" require* the sric'est aftent on, that ev? rv
" oct, though ex'remdv simple in i'sell. be
V dono ut I'm proper time, and in the proper
''r mnnner. *
r?' ? WW
,n FARMERS' GAZETTE.
',r FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1840,
Id
Id The Per Dre Agricultural Society.
"* will meet nt ll o'clock at the Planters'
a I . .
Hold. The address will he delivered at
re
the Female Academy at half uf er 11, im
i*s m? diut? ly after which the Society will ei.'cr
'ls upon i's regu'ar business,
l'" We copy info a subsequent column a letter
from the Washington Correspondent of the
N. Y. Journal of Commerce without assenting
^ to all his opinions. We do not, for instance
0 think there is the remo'est probability that
t the Federal Government will assume the
n- State debts; nor do we suppose that any inut
teili^ent man can think so.
r.
[)t Although the article in the preceding col?f
umns on the fixtures &<\ for feeding silk worms
if is in some parts good, yet it insists on too ex s
pensive a cocoonery for beginnersand culfu>d
rists on a small scale. Any clean house will
answer for a cocoonery which is cIorp enough
Lv to exclude wind and rain, and which has win.
>r dows enough to admit a free circulation of air.
tn The windows must have either shut'ers or
j glass. With glass, shutters are by no means
indispensable. The direct rays of the sun
, must not be allowed to fall on the worms ; but
Ls curtains of either cheap calico or paper will be
J. sufficient to exclude them. No other venti
a lators than common windows are necessary.
And a* to fire places they may or may not be
,p used. la d<tmp cool weather the worms be11
come languid if not torpid, and eat little or
sf nothing, unless the cocoonery is warmed.?
? But they revive with the return of warmth, and
? their health does not seem to be injured by
t their temporary torpor. The only effect so
*v' far as, in our limited cvperiencc, we have been
J, able to observe is, that the tune of feeding is
? prolonged.
Hurdles are not necessary in a first expe
is riment on a email scale. A few thousand
' worms can be removed with little trouble on
ls the leaves on which they are feeding, ap often
^ as may be necessary to clean their tables. In
*| feeding a large number of worms the use of
r hurdles eaves much labor, if they are properly
constructed. Rut unless the netting (or twine
if that bo used) is so attached to the frames
j that it can be loosened and suffered to lie on
,r the worms, many of them will fail to mount it
. and will be left behind when it is removed.
il
!! The Legislature of Virginia his elected
n Mr. Gilmer, Speaker of the lower House, and
a Wing, Governor of the State.
e . 'f
Those who read the n solutions or the New
Jersey Legislature on the subject of the ex.
elusion irom the House of Representative of
' the persons commissioned by the Governor of
of that State, may remember that one of the
} resolutions required that them to be sent to
; "the Hon. R. M. T. Hunter, a representative
, from Virginia" with a request that he would
t lay them ' before the other representatives
from the several states now assembled at
Washington."
Mr. Hunter upon receiving the resolutions
through the Governor of New Jersey, replied
that lie would not present them to the House
of Representatives, because, while they were
addressed to him as the presiding officer, they
seemed to have been framed with a view to
deny that ho was regularly the Speaker of
the tlouse, or that the House was properly
organized, Mr, Randolph the only sitting
member from New Jersey some days afterwards
enquired of the Speaker, in the House,
if the resolutions had been received by himf
and if so, why he had not presented them to
tiie House. This, after various motions and
considerable debate, led to the Speaker's presenting
to the House the correspondence between
himself and the Governor of ^New Jersey
011 the subject. The resolutions were
subsequent y sent officially to Mr. Randolph
who presented them to the House.
A writer in the Charleston Courier nominates
Chancellor D-ivid Johnson for the office
of Governor of South Carolina. The Courier
declares itself in favor of the nomination, and
says that when it assented to the nomination of
Col. Richardson it supposed there was an understanding
with the friends of Judge Johnson
that lie was not to be run. The Mercury, on
the other hand earnest'y opposes the nomination
of Judge Ji.hnson, on the ground that
he is not a sufficiently zealous supporter of
the {rub-Treasury project "with the specie
clause."
New Publications.?A new work by
Henry W. Ells north Esq, has just been
published, en:i;l' d The American Swine
Breeder, which is well spoken of by those
who have seen it. I. is a 12 mo. Volume ^
of more than 300 pages.
A treaii-eon the Culture of the Sugar
Beet, and the manufacture of sugir from
it Ins also b en lately published by a Mr.
Child of M ssachiisnts, who has himself
b?en engaged in the bussiness for some
vears, nfier having spent 1? months in
France to make liimr lf acquainted with
the 'ubje'U in its different branches.
Gen. McD'jifie iMvered ins eulogy on
(he character of Gen. Hayne, in the Circular
Church, Charleston, <?n the 13th. As
was to be expected on such an occasion
the house was greatly crowded. Of the
performance th<- Courier says :
The Orator th< n row and pronounced a
noble and eloquent eulogy on the character,
an I se-vices of the illustrious deceased, emoruc
ng h s biography, even from his birth
i?n I boyish days, and through his brilliant
and unnleruis'iej cureer of manhood, to it*
su '<h n and lamented close, in the faithful
ami zealous discharge of respons ble public
duues and in the highest and pulmiest
state of his lame and usefulness, in an untimely
and stratiger grave. The interest of
h'? discourse was grea |y rnhanced too
by occasional anecdotes illustrative of the
energy, and industry, the fidelity to private
duty, and pa riotic devotion to the public
good, which mailed the character and
illuminated the life of one of the purest
patriots and most us- ful cifiz-ns our City
and State have bmi called on, in life to
honor, and iu death to mourn.
The Courier, in a d ffLrent urticlo com.
plains of Gen. M Duffi" for entering into n
i defence of Noli.fication in his addn 83, and ^
: iiis s's fa' it was a violation of the truce
' bet we' n th<* Nui! fication and Union partea.
When a reconciliation between the
parties took place, it was with no sacrifice of
principle or change of opinion by cither.?
Each was of course at liberty still to defend
its principles on any suituble occasion.?
But this (he Courier contends was not a
suitable occasion. The orator had been
appoin ed by a committee composed of
bon? Null.fi-TSHnd Un on men, and was addr
ssing an assemblage composed of both
parties. The Mercury, on the other hand
contends thai 'here was nothing in the ad*
.l? ess to which union men ought to object.
TI.a f/?llrx?itin/v / animnniAftlinn u79c Inft nt nnr
A HM lUiiUtT llig VVtilUIM||IV?q|wy ?f ww aw* M? vui
office a fow days s.oco in our absence, by tbe
individual whose signature it bears. We have
omitted a sentence, and the name of the person
charged with the otl'ence.
BEWARE OF A VILLI AN ! !
The Subscriber a youth of 16 years in passing
through Murvcn N. C. had an unsigned Bill
oT tin* old Vlucon Bank ol (>a. put upon him by
a curiam of that neighborhood,
who assorted that it was good, and who the sub.
scribur believes lias a considerable quantity of
the same stuff from the roll which ho exhibited.
Tito Subscriber after consider&b'o difficulty
through the interposition of eome gentlemen of
that place succeeded in making the villian givo
other tnon y in Exchange for it. Thie is there,
for; to place the public on their guard against
auy imposition of the kind from the same source.
JOHN L. PARKS.
For the Farmers' Gazette.
44EUREKA, EUREKA."
Wild-Cat- Hollow.
Mr. Editor .?In glancing over the columns
of your Gaz tte sometime since I saw
a communication from acli.ip calling hints'
If 44 Bill Dixon." I have derived no
sm?II share of curiosity from the femnle
* i 1* ? #
part of my ances'ors, one of wnom aiea or
grief an<l moriucation at not being able to
find out what it was tbat Dr. Jones whispered
in M ss Limpkins* ear. You may
then re ismiab'y conclude thut as much of
ibis same kind of feeling actuates me I must
have b en one of the most inquisitive of morula
resp cdng Ik; peculiar looks and manners
of ilie aforesaid Mr. Dixon.
Travelling not longs nee inlhe northern
part of Georgia I was compelled by a shower
of ram to commit my poney to the protee.
lion of a smutty hostler and d.lapidated