Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, February 07, 1840, Page 51, Image 2
? , r-*^' 1 1 * 1 ! gg
n plank floor and plenty of dry litter, the i
sleeping apartment commuriica iog.\vith q i
good yard to cxerc'.sa nnd root and wallow
in, and a stronjj post placed upright noar I
the centre for hint to rub ngaiosh <
During the interim between the spring- ?
end fall seasons, it would be greatly condufive
to the health, vigor and longevity of <
the boar, if he could havo a run in a cool I
grass pasture, with clear sweet water passing
through i\ nnd take lighter food dun <
when in service, and yet sufficiently nutri- i
tious to keep Kin) in fair store order. A I
gootl animal thus treated, may lust ten or ?
twelve years nnd get excellent stoHi from i
first to lest. Do' groat care must be taken j
that he be not ?verteorked; this is deemed 1
very essential. It is the great f*?ult of us j s
Americans, that when we have obtained a 1t
male that has any way distinguished itself, | '
instead of husbanding its resources, we use j i
i; too much, and this is one great reason why ! i
the stock of such animals so often d sap | i
points the public. I understand that particular | i
?' ? ? t % *. -L ? . I J I ?
Jtingiusn LrecGors, twiti meir ds/ji rorse.s auu : <
hulls to about thirty females, and often as \ <
twenty < r five and twen.y. What their U"? j t
sage \* for hoars I do not know, hut snspect-j '
that it would ho 'ess than here allowed. It j 1
will dc cd-nittcd however, that individual j '
tn*!cs may serve well a greater number i
than limited bbov\ but my principle, is no* j t
to wurk lh*m up to their full capacity, ifer- j <
ror must be commuted, it is better that :t be <
on the safe side. j!
Unless ft sow were vrrvconrsn, and the j '
object was to fine her, l would not oil w j <
her to breed til! e ighteen months old, and ;f j '
something extra was desired, she ought j (
not to come in under two years,!'
there is no check in growth, nnd the j
first litter is usually as good ns any
subsequent on*. She ought to be tak,
|
?*ii up and occupy a place alone, either in
a pasture or pen similar to that described
for the ?n?tr, one month previous io furrowing,
brf ccnht on kept good and siriotly
watched when t xpeefd to bring forh. As s
soon as dropped, see that the pigs arc clea- <
red and take the teat, and the dam lid of 1
the pl.-jccn'a nu 1 that carried offand buried. ?
The watching should continue a day or two '
longer, til! the pigs get a lht\? strong and t
lively, as the sows ?r?'so heavy r.s to endnn- 11
gcr their being lain cr trod upon and killed. I
One pig more saved thsn leaving the sow |
to herself, amply repays all this extra atfrn- (
lion. Although objections are made to <
giving food immediately after farrowi- g, 1 <
can see no reason in them; the poor animal i
is faint and dry and requires nourishment, and | j
my rule is to feed litem with swill in a mod. j <
vraic qunn'ity a little more than blood warm j
as soon as they will gel up and eat it. This 1
is gradually thickened the next day, and b i
the time the pigs are a week old, the dam J
b allowed to cat all it will without cloying, r
A mixture of oat and pea ?r Indian meal, of |
one part of either the latter to three parts of t
the former is highly recommended for nur- j
sing, together with an equal quantity of <
steamed vegetables. As soon as the pigs w ill <
oat a small open door should be placed in ?
' - j * i ? ? ?. i+rt ^ VV jta iUU rt r >10 UC (
separate from the sows^a trough set in and ;
tnilk with a light mixture of oat meal poured '
'*" 1% ?- > ' PU rr *r\r\ tltt er Itfiii/iA ihlt KI\W. 1
?wr iitrrni. i ti.a ? innKj ...v. | .
and adds much to the growth of the p'gs, j r
they wean then without scouring.losing con. 1 r
di;ion in the least, or being checked in their r
growth, ft is generally thought that pigs t
do as well to be weaned ut six weeks old as v
later, as the little milk each then gets is oh. j
mined by more or less quarreling, and adds j(
m dis:aste to their other tood; h-s'des it is a \
great consideration to get them off the sow
us soon as possible. High? or ten great pips <
lugging at her breast for two or throe months f
is hard to be borne, and frequen ly verv p? r- t
melons to her teats. In weaning, all but j
-or.e should be taken off, put the dam on j
short allowance, and in two days take the t
remaining pig away, allowing it at first to ?
draw ?l? breast twice a day, and then dim- I
iuish till once in two or throe days during u j
week, then turn the sow out to grt.ss ar.d l
leave off entirely, and commence gradually j
flitting her into condiion again. The I
Iterkshiros are great milkers, and must bo t
well attended to lit weaning time, or their 1
breast will fill. bcccmo caked and swollen, |
ond finally ulcerate and be th? cause some- i
limes of the dt-Qth of the sow. i
Two liners ar*< allowed per annum, nml a
f reference for farrowing in this climate, is i
given to the months of A pril and September, i
Farther south later and earlier will answer. 1
A pig when first dropped is a very tender ?
animal, and if the wea her he loo cold it I
will perish; the dam also is likely to become
ravenous and devour her offspring, or refuse I
to nurse it. Sows are belter to bo always \
separate, but with the owner of a large herd, t
this is inconvenient and adds greatly to the i
expense of keeping them. One must do I
?s wcil ns be can in this particular,but when 1
nearly of a size and tolerab'y peaceable four f
may be kept together in pen, and u dozen i
or so in pasture. The breed greatly de- :
ciJeson this point. For instance, 1 could j 1
keep a hundred Chinese together without ! i
quarrelling or accidents, they are so good t
natured md quiet, but then again they hud- c
* .die too close, ar.d so war.t as much scpara- I
ring as others. These being srmiler and i
- - .? - .i _ n...i. .1.: .
of quiCKer roaiuniy man me ocrRwi.rcs, mci i
tiOws may come in at a year old, and w hen I c
full grown, great care must be taken about a
overfeeding and keeping them too confined. I
The bellies of this stock are now nearly t
drugging on the ground, though they have 1
had no other food since the forepart of t
Way, than what thry have found in a poor s
grass pasture. Those I have sold west get f
sc fat on shack by November as to be hardly a
able to waddle, and make the nicest of pork a
without further feeding. In England they j
are ctdied par excellence, the 41 gentleman's [
1102," and though their pork inclines rather j
t<fi much to ltd, still it is so sweet and deli. c
cnte that it is preferred by those who can i
afford it. The crosses of these with the j
Yorkshires are in great repute at the Smith- <
fieM market, and L will add that what little r
ling been thus made hero takes the prefer. t
t ace. The barns well boiled and eaten r
cold, seem absolutely to dissolve in the ! t
xnouih without mastication. The av- (<
trage weight of my Improved Chi.
)eso may be at eighteen months old
from two hundred to two hundred and
ifty pounds. Occasionally they will
50 older to three hundred and even four
inndred pounds, but this is very rare.
Though small, they Imve proved to the oth
?r races of hogs, what the Arabians have to
itorsns, the foundation of all improvement.
The render may have surmised from my
observations on breeding, at least some of
the causes why the Berkshires with you
have not come up to the full sizes so often
stated hy the cas ern breeder that they nr.
rive at, but lest he may not yet thoroughly
indcristand the demerits of the case,
n justice to both seller and purchaser, I
;holl proceed briefly to state them. Suppose
hen that we start with a pair o1' Berkshires
Vom unexcep ionable stock, the produee
nay deteriorate in size, either from too
jreat affinity in blood of the parents, breed,
ng too younger twoold,ortoomu< li. Keeping
too fat, (which hy the way is not ofieo
ho case) too poor, or too confined?from
Jisenges known and unknown, from run s
;hat will occasionally be dropped, from
scantiness and improprr ty of food t<>
:he pig, and occasionally, over which
no one has control and]} that ch?*ck its
^owtli- from sufferings through the in.
mention of the transporters to itspl i< e
^f destination, and finally from uep- \
1 1 -?(. ./? Dunlin ttrwtfl I
.'rm uexTiorunon iihio uic<
mimals that arc every way right, ar*- rare,
vciy rare indeed, and when at last obtained,
'annot be too highly cherished. That I her.'
iiay be an increased effort to produce thern
hroughout the United States, is the ardent
Jesiro of, Your obt. serviint,
A B. Allen.
From the Journal of the American Silk Society
CULTIVATION OF THE AlOKUS
MULTICAULIS.
by gideon b. smith.
Soil and Situation. Sandy sods and high
>i nations are always to be selected, if possible.
The sod can scarcely he too sandy,
indeed the finest trees the writer ever saw,
jrew :n a soil too sandy for any o'her crop.
Fhe next best is a light mould, and next o
hjs ordinary soil. The best shia? ons arid!
si lcs, and the northern sides p >r iculur
y ; the next, the lops of hiils, and third, any
righ tableland from which water natuially ,
Irains off during winter. It these soils are
:apab!e of pro luring moderate crops o
:orn, liiey are ricn cuaugn ior im- iuun?-uj |
jco, an ! ought not to be manured. If tbe
ground te too rich, nnd especially in l -vel
situations, tbe tree is kept growing too late
n the fall, and does not mature its wood
icforethe colli si ason arrives, and h-nc is
ncapabale of withstanding seve:e frosts,
[t is to litis grand error, of planting 'n nth
grounds, that the i lea that morns mtilticMUis
will not stand the winter, is to be at;ribued,
at least in part, ('dose pi .nt ng b> ing
ino.her cause.) Soils on which a good
;rop of corn, or potatoes or oiber n?o s,
?rcw last year, are abundantly rich for the
tiulberry. _ I?ihe land 1??? tw?ij limed, all
lie better; arid if not, a good dressing of
10 to 50 bushels to the acre will be useful.
Vhero the land is very poor, or when it
s de ermmed to apply manure, old w< II
ottej stable manure may be applied, VV. II
o:ted cow yard manure is better limn horse
Manure ; but Li nk vegetable mould fr< m
he w oods is best of all, and may be applied
....I. ...uni lu.rw.fti ll'lnih Ifarinrn ic n?irt
?mi ...... ~ ...
t should be spread broad cutt and ploughed
it?vi ry little b'liefit will be derived from
tii'nuring in the hill.'
rrepurat'On of llic soil. The grow d
night to have b< en well ploughed in the
all; but it will do in the spring. Where
he ground is not naturally v? ry I ght and
lorous, it should he ploughed as deep as
>os>db!o,that the roots may readily point,
toe deeply, and thus escape the effects of
jumm- r thoughts, besides receiving all ti e
jenefi s of summer rains. This is a very
gr< at advantage, and ought not to bo omitled.
After the first derp ploughing, if the
10ii be light levtlling Hnd pulv?rizmg if by
harrowing, is all thai is necessary. Heavy
sods mnst be cross ploughed until they are
well prepared. Alter the ground has been
Roughed and harrowed, it m?iy be laid off
n lows by a small seed plough, for plant^S
The best f ine for planting the ru'tings,
s as soon us the ground can be got ready
n the spring. They will not grow enough
o bo injured by any frost that may occur;
jor will any dogrce of frost injure the cutings
in the grnunJ.
" m. r
Uu/trngs. L'tycrs, tec. 1 lierQ are [our
?inds of cuttings, viz .* long callings, (:h<?
ivholo branch,) short cuttings (the branch*
>s or o her wood, cut in pieces six 'o twelve
ncltcs long.) double cuttings, (with two
>uds,) and single cuttings,) with one bud.)
jong cuttings are laid lengthwise in the
arrow, the butt end of the second being
ibout one foot from the top end of the first,
Hid covered about two inches d<*?p, with a
joe. The objections to this mode arc, that
f nil the buds grow, the trees will stand too
:lose, and cannot make good trees; if they
io not ail grow, there is a loss of all the
>uds that fa I. Short cuttings are planted
n the same way, and are subject to the same
Ejections, but in a less degree. Both are
ronsiileied by the writer as afib ding no
kdvantage over r,ingle cuttings, and as high*
y objectionable on accou..t of the expense,
he first requiring five to ten times ns many
>uds to plant an a?*re, and the second three
o six times as many as are required w ith
ingle cuttings. Besides all this, if any
>art of a long cutting becomes diseased,
md rots, the whole length of it is apt to be
ifFected and lost ; whereas had it been cut
nto single or double cuttings, many or the
>uds might probably have been saved.?
Vgoin, if one bud gets a start befoie the
>thers, it is very apt to attract all the sap of
he cutting, and thus prevent the others from
jrowing; and if it do not do this, it will g'-njrofy
cause the others to be of a small sit.''.
rhe trees, also, raised from long cut' ngs,
ire necessarily clustered in small groups,
md measurably deprived of a free circulaion
of air, and ol the advantages of the
tun's rays,?all wlfch prevent the maturity
of wood, and a full development of the
branche s.
The writer does not consider the chance
of a bud's growing, enhanced in the least
by its being on a long brunch. He believes,
(and bis belief is founded upon bis expe.
rienee, as well as upon reason.) that the
whole embryo of the future tree is confined
in the bud and its latent roots, and that it
properly managed, no other part of the parent
wood is necessary, than just enough to
furnish the foetal circulation until the bud
opens its leaves and forms roots, and this
is only about one inch of the cut ing. The
writer has no iced repeatedly, that when a i
long branch has been' planted, good sized
rees haregiown with scarcely any roots
of thpir own ; being lef, like a he rich man's
son, indepenala-nt of s< |f-ex? rtion, they were
not under the neoessry of making anyderiving
their radical supplies from roots
formed on other parts of the branch.?
V '
Double cu tings are liable to the same objections,
hut in a still smaller, indo< d in a
very sm di degree, trie only considerable
objection being their requiring just double
the number of buds to plant nn aer" tha'
are required by siegl" cuttin .s. Ttiey m-i v
be pi anted in the same manner as long an I
short cuttings, or as single cuttings, without
niaferi I disadvantage m ei'her. The wri
ter prefers, however, plaming them as h<*
do? s single cuttings. Ii is believed hy lli?writcr,
that if ten thousand hu Is be planted,
five thousand in double cuttings and fi\e
thousand in single curings, there nil fie fi
tv percent, more 'rees obtained, and those
1 / !. i. ? |*.M
of a more uniform s Z", auu or o<:u?t iurm,
from tli*? single cu 'nigs linn from th?double
cuflinjs?more especially if the
ground be san-ly. L"t m here observe, ilia
sand is nn invaluable ingredient in the soil
for s r king all kinds of cut ings ; and if a
small qwinti'y were nut in the furrows before
putting in the eu'tings, (especially
where the soil itself is not very sandy,) the
cuttings would s rike roof much more redi
ly. Single cuttings are planted by sticking
liein do vn obliquely, tlx* top leanin.' to tienorth
an I the hud on the south side of the
curing, and rovorng them with a hoe abou*
wo iuch'-s d'-ep?that is. ahoii' two m-he*
of earth being covered over the hud, and
pressed firmly w ith the hoe or th" foot.?
Sonvimes 'le y ?re plan'ed hv merely I tying
them H :t in the furrow, the hud upp'-r.
ntost, cov? red witli two inches of ear h, anu
pressed firmly ; and I ?>rn not prepared to
say that the first ma1 hod has any advantage
ov? r this ; indeed 1 can mru on<-.
Tbey are also plant- il by merely dropping
tbem in tin; furrow, like dropping corn, wit a
out reference to Hie situation oi tne bud,
and they seem to d very v\eif. VV.n-n tlihud
happens to b?- on the und- r side of toe
cutting, hwever, the nee has to make its
""" jir/innrt th? nf the cu tug. loses
'imo, mid do?s not make as handsome a
ree. Layers, properly so called* ar?
brunches of the tree bout down mid confined
to the ground with a loike i s i k, mid
rover d over \vi h ?ur;h. Wi h morus inult
caiillti tiiis iiiodr is rnfir ly usi-less# Bji
l.iyrrs are also fbimrdb) laying down tin
wt'oln tree* root and all, in the litirow, ami
'Irs is considered by some the most certain
meiho i of obtaining trees. 1 thick layering
in'nll its forms more objectionable ilinn
long cti'iings Tito trees never in ike good
r. ots, they grew iri clusters, and ol cours*
do not make as fine tr es, us cuttings ; and.
besides, it is impossible that more iliun onefourtli,
iflliat many, of the buds can ever
grow. This will appear evident from tinfact,
that in those places where layers and
long cuttings are plante t, they consider
that ten fold is u large allowance for ilnmult
pli.'uiion of the tr< e. Now it wool )
he a very small, tree, t^af li.-id not fortv
hu Is, and if so. those who make this allowance
must calculate that only one hud in
four will grow. The writer of this never
yet failed to make three out of four buds,
grow hy planting single cuttings.
Th' ie is one othei kmi of cu ling that
must not be overlooked?it may be called
a variety of the single cutting. It is the
joint of the nt iin stern of trees from which
the branches have been cut ofF. If lite
branch was of any considcraule size, sa\
the size of a small quill, there will be latent
hu'ts, one on each side of the base of the
branch, and when the tree is growing, as
soon as the branch is cut off, hese buds will
gen' rally each s? nd forih a branch. S
wh?*n the tree is cut up into cuttings, if these
joints be planted, they will generally send
for h two shoots, and some;nn?s even lour.
1, therefore, usually split tnescj intsthrough
the middle of the base of die branrh, in
such a mariner as to b-ave half of iJi -s ump
of the branch on each division of the join'.
I always prefer these joints to cuttings inken
from branches, as they are equally
certain to grow, and generally produce two
trees each. 1
Preparation of cuttings is very simple.
Long cuttings require none; short cut.
tings only rrqu're tfiat the brandies or main
stem of the tiec be cut with a sharp knift*
into pieces six to twelve inches long.?
Double cuttings contain only two buds.?
The branch is to be cut with a sharp knife,
halfan inch below a bud, holding the top
end jj\' the branch in the hand, and cutting
below the; bu J each time, t uis leaving th
smooth cut on the end below the bud. Singl?*
cu'tings are divided in the same way,
except that but one bud is left on each cutting.
The cuttings should be planted as
soon as possible after being cut.
The Distance ;hcy should he planted depends
upon the object in view and the quantity
of land at d sposal. If a permanent
plantation for making silk be the object, throws
should be six feet apart at least, and
the plants three feet apart in the row. in
this wav. 2.420 trei'S mav be olanted unon
?j * ? > ? r
an acre. It must be observed, that when
the tn-os are planted too close together,
hey tici her mate as fine treess nor mature
tl?"ir wood as well as when allowed n proper
distance. Sun Hilda free circulation of air,
are essential to the p"rfoction of any vege_
table, The foliage of the multicaulis is so
large and so abundant, that, when the trees
stand close toge'ber, it is impossible for the
. . .. -.3
9Un's rays to penetrate 10 the wood, or the
air to pass freely among fliem. and hence
the wood is prevented from maturing. I
nave seen large fields of them standing so
closely that not the smallest spare of the
ground could be discerned without putting i
the branehes aside; and when I have be**n \
told that these trees were killed, by the ensuing
winter, I was bv no means surprised
?the wonder is they were not killed hy the
| sul ry heats of summer also. To insure
the hardiness of the mul icaulis, they must
; he planted at least three feet apart each way,
on high si uations northern exposures, and
in hglif or sandy soils, no. :oo rieh.
The Cultivation of the inul icaulis is simply
that of keeping weeds, dte. from growing,
and stirring the earth occasionally with
the hoe or :he cultivator. Grass and weeds
are very apt to get a start in the spring, and <
they must be pulled out by hand caref jlly, <
when they grow near :he young sprouts of
the cu tings. When the cultivator is used,
ir should b" done wiih care to avoid breaking
off the young plants, as they are very 1
easily rles royed in this way. If a severe '
drought o *eurs b< fore the euttings have fair- 1
i -1? - ? I? -t. ? ?!/! u., taru11 r
IV lilKm riHII, I lit;J SUMJIU U<" ntn ?? ! I^u
every evening ; nnci at nny time in the sum
mer, free watering during very dry weather '
wiil r- pay ih?* labour ten-fold. Siight sprink- 1
lings of water do no good,? ind indeed do <
"arm. by forming a crust and causing th"
ground to b ike. A large fi' ld may be <
watcied by the use o'a horse and cart ?vi?h
a hogshead, with a sni dl canvass or leather
hose io water upon the plan s ns the cur' 1
passes along between the rows. |1
Leaves may he gathered from the young
trees at any ime without injury to the
plants. I would not, however recommend
taking more t'mo two.thirds of the leaves,
and then only from the lower part of the (
frees, leaving the tops and on Is uf the
branches unto mhed. Where the trees are
planted close together, oven the trees will
he benefitted by ibis parted defoliation, (but
under no other circuins'a?e? s,) by the more 1
free adrn ss on of the sun's rays, an I of air,
urn ng*t Ibern. It is very bad -philosophy 1
to suppose that depriving lie trees of l-aves
e;?n h ive the ff ct of ripening the wood j
when they stand at a prop- r distance, as t'.o |
leaves are jest as necessary to the proper
grow:lt ami maturity of the wood as the
roots are. 1
The above are the wri er's views on the
subject of cultivating fin* ntuiticaulis. He I
is aware that hey difFer widely from the <
opinions and practice of mm\ others, on I |
th? refer* he submits them wi.h great d-Terence.
The practice he lays down has al ,
ways been emment y succefsftil with him- i
s' H, and lie sees no r *ason why it should
nor be with oilier*. O pom s ro ni?:
i?''J with the subject wiil be discussed in
heir proper'sen sons.
[Mr. Smith, the wr ter of the above article
was tho first to bring tho Morns Maltiranlis into
notice in this country, and the person who
commenced the prop igU ion of it frein single
bud cuttings. Hn lias bul considerable capo
ri-nce in its cultivation, and is a man of correct
observation, as w il as ol remark ibly sound
ju !g ent. Wo have thoicfere copied his directions
for cultivating fho Multicmlis without
alteration, ex opt the omission of a few paragraphs;
and add a few r un rks suggested by
our own experience anil reading.
When the land in which the trees are to stand
is prepared, it is best to plant the cuttings thore
at first. This saves the labor of transpl intulion '
and tho trees grow better than when crowded
[ in a nursery. If only part of the land is prepared,
the rows may be of half the width, and the
trees in the r.?w, at half the distance, at which
they are to stand permanently. The succeeding
spring every second row, and every second tree
in the re naining rows may be removed. Young
trees suffer less from standing close in the rows
than from the rows boing close. The land
ought to bo dug up or plowed a short time befoie
l-~ > ?? ..I.n?..U It ia hn;tcr in sene
kilo UI v I
rating the cuttings, to cut half an inch above
the bud, than half an inch below it. as advised
by Mr. Smith. For the bud will bo nearer the
upper end, and therefore nearer th air, its natural
clornont, than if at the lower end, and the
sprout will al-'o have a 8uort r distance to force
its way through the soil, which in a dry season
is no unimportant a vantage. The cutting
ought to be set perpendicularly, and not with an
inclination, tor the very obvious reason that
with the upper end at a given diotince from the
surface, the lower end will be deeper, and the
plant will of course suffer less in case ol spring
drought. The ground should be drawn over the
cutting when planted, and pressed very little if
at all. Without pressure it becomes hard enough
if not too hard, for the tender sprout to force its
way through in case of a dry season. The
Rev. Sidney Wellor of North Carolina, who
first introduced the practice of dropping the
cuttings horizonlallyand covering them like corn,
has found that they do not succeed so well in
this w y as when planted erect. Some have
recommended soaking the cuttings before plant,
ing; but experience has proved the practice
to bo decidedly injurious. Some first open a
hole with a slick and drop in the cutting. The
earth cannot bo made to lie as cl aely in contact
wit the cutting when this is dono as when the
nolo is made by the rutting itself; nor is there
the least danger of injuring the cutting by slick
in? it into the earth when the soil is as well
pulverized at it ought to bo. The upper cud of
the cutting ought not to bo more than two inches
below the surface of the ground. Of 22 cuttings
pi.uiteu last spring in a garden in this town,
with the upper end about three inches under
ground, only two grew ; whereas of 22 planted
in an adjoining row, at the same time, from the
same stock and in the same way, except that
the upper ends were only about two inches, or
a little less, under ground, twenty grew. Cuttings
with the wood not perfectly mature hardly
ever grow. If planted at all it should bo to
themselves wlicro they may bo often watered.?
Small cuttings are much inoro apt to fail than
large ones. The best way to manage small trees
and branchos is to lay them down without cutling
and cover them with the large end throe or
four inches under ground and Iho small end at
the surface. VVoeds and grass which spring up
before the cutting, or while the sprout is rotj
40 -
tender, should be palled up with the fingers, or
carefully cut away with a sharp and light hoe s<
before they cxtond their roots; otherwise the II
tender roots thrown out by the cutting will be ti
injured in removing them. It is often necessary Si
to tseed boforo the sprout from the cutting ap. o
pears above ground. Eo. Fae. Gaz.J "
FARMERS' GAZETTE, a
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 31, 1840, *
"Frances" next week. *
The Eulogium on Gen Hayne by Gen. Mc- n
Duffie is to be delivered on the 13 h inst.
u
The American Silk Grower, published at
Burlington, N. J. has been merged in the st
Journal of the American Silk Society publish- n
ed at Baltimore. z
?? ' o
The reader will find on the fourth page the f
bill proposed by Judge O'Neal and A)r. Rhett s
to the joint committee ?o whom wa* refered to n
the Temperance memorials at the last session f*
of the Legislature. r
The Legislature of Virginia have ballotted Si
S times for U. S. Senator Mr. Rive?, tho r
first day received 83 votes, and 82 the second w
Jay. Judge Mason received from 79 to 81.-? c
Whole number of votes 166, necessary to a s'
choice 84. "
S
Another fire lateiy occurred in New York r
city, on South and Front screets which de- r
stroyed property valued at #2 (XX),000. tl
It
Commodore Chauncey lately died at Wash- 3
ingtou. cl
According to the Tax Act of last Session of U
o
the Legislature, the bills oT bank9 which do
not pay Rjocie are not to be received in pay c
ment for Taxes. The Cheraw, George Town, t
Camden and Columbia Rinks, and the Bank d
of Charleston, and Bink of the State of S. C- :i
all pay specie; and of course their bills are r
receivable for taxes. Whether the Hamburg '
Bank pays specie or not, we do not know. If 1
it does, the only banks in the State which do 1
not are those in Charleston net above named.
a
The Banks.?The South Carolinian of ?'
Columbia in referring to the act of the Leg is- G
lature requiring Tax Collectors to receive in ''
payment of taxes the notes of none but ?ue- c
cie paying banks uses the following lan- 0
gr?'ag?t- v
A'I that we know of, as certainly paying
spec e, or that the people would certainly be ^
safe in holding their notes for taxe -, till they ,
hear again from the Comptroller Ge or .1, are
the Bank of the Slate tho Commercial Bank, *
ol Columbia, and the Bank of Charleston.
iv .u:_ l:.??u.. ?n ,u? '
i~ uw ui.s isi nut Mating utcranjr mat on un. ^
banks in the ' tate not here named have bus- (
p- nded specie payment?, and that of course
their bills mus. be refused by Tax Collectors,
and by all who are gathering money to pay r
their taxes But the eflvct which the para- n
graph is calculated, if n <t designed to produce,
is the same as if it contained such a slateincut,
1
_________________ i
Mr Walker has been re-elected U. 8. Sena- <
tor from Mississippi. '
f
The message of Gov. Morton of Massachusetts
recommends the r peal of the 15 gallon
law. The Governor will of course secure the ^
striped pig'* influence at the next election. 1
S. W. DuBose Esq. has been elected Clerk
for Darlington District.
Mr Webster, of Massachuselts, and Mr. ^
Tal mage, recently elected by the Legi.-lature
ol Pennsylvania, have taken their seats in the (
U. S. Senate.
The remains of Gen. Ilayne have been removed
from Ashville, where he died to Charles- '
ton. v 1
j
The Blood Hounds.?From a no ice in
the Washington Globe it appears that the t
Federal Government had no agency what- |
ever in she importation of the bloodhounds ,
and their trainers brought from Cuba to ,
Florida. It seems to have been done by (
the authorities of the Territory itself ,
The New Jersey Election.?The ^
Governor of New Jersey sent a special
message to both houses of Assembly of (hut <
- ? * f l.? 1 nil ftnmr.l .intuit in ifonu (
S.dlC U' I IIIC iti" ui i i iFiiipi.i iimi^ in
s rong language of the course of the U. S. i
House of Representatives in excluding five
of the persons commissioned as members
of that body from the state of New Jersey.
For a copy of tins Message and other document
exhibiting both sides of the question,
we are indebted to (lie lion. Thomas D.
Sumter. 7 he question is of sufficient im
porta nee to call for our copying the rcsolulions
reported by the join' conmntteo to
whom was referred the Governor's Me?.
sage. They were doubtless adopted by
both branches of the Legislature. They are
as follows :
Be it resolved, by the Council and General
Assembly or Neio Jersey, That the
state of N?*w Jersey became a party to the
Union upon the express con iition, embodied
in the constitution,that in common with h< r 1
sister states, she should be at all times entitled
to a number of m tmbersof tho House
of Representatives proportioned to her po.
pulation, and that by the laws passed in
pursuance of that constitution she is now
entitled to six repres'-n atives.
And be it resolved by the authority aforesaid,
That until Congress shall by law make
some regulation of the subject, the leg slat
C ? I. -* .4- I ai. .* . i* la
ure 01 eucn siaie nu? uy me constitution iuii
and exclusive power to proscribe4* the tinrvs,
places, and manner of holding elections for
representatives," which necessarily includes
the power to prescribe the manner in which
the result of those eloc ions shall bo ascertain^
and cretified.
* > y
* y
* 4
And be it resolved by the authority H
lid, That as the legislature of New Joewy fl
as prescribed a commission granted by B
le governor under the great seil of tho B
late, us the only mode in which the election fl
fher representatives shall be officially cer- /B
fied, such a commission issued in due form
flaw confers upon each pernor u- u/!^m JKj^k
is gran ed a full and perfect rigfl'1
nd exercise all the ponera and
pr.'scntaiive of the state, until a
on?titut'd and organized House of
mia'ives, after due examination, shall
riertinfy adjudged that he is not elected or^^^B
ot qualified ; and that any oilier mode of I
iTidying such dection is utterly invalid and
nknowu to the laws of New Jersey.
And be it resolved by the authority afore
lid, That a House of Representatives cano*
be constitutionally and lawfully organied
and invested with any au'hority, judicial
r legislative while a single representative
om any s ate, duly returned and commis- I
toned according to tho laws of that state,
i excluded from his seat or denied the ex- '
rcise ot the fights and privileges of a rep. j
sentfttive.
And be it resolved by the authority afore !
lid, That the lute acts of a portion of the
presentatives from the several states, by
hich five of 'lie persons who were duly
ommixsioned under the grtot seal of tho <
tate of New J rsey, as her representatives !
1 the twenty.s xth Congress of the United
!iat< s, wer?- prevented from exercising their
iglits and discharging t'teir duties as such
fpresentatives. wer? a papable violation of '
>ie constitution and of the parliamentary '
iw established by reason and unvarying u- I
igc, a precedent of most alarming and
angerous character, ami a gross ouiruge
pnn the r'ghts and fee rngs of the people
f New J -r.-^py. I
Therefore It it resolved by the authority
voresuid, Thiit, in th" name and behalf I
iie jx opl'r of the Ntate of New Jersey, we I
lo hereby Kol. mnl} PROTEST agamst the I
c's nfores .M, us unconstitutional, unwar- R
Mil d ind u ijust, and against any assump- I
"hi by the remnin:ng representatives from
ho seven, | etites of the right or authority M
o exerc-s^ any of the powers conferred up?n
u constitutional House of Representatives, H
ind mora especi ?lly against the attempt to ^
naci any law for regulating the collection
ir disbursement of ihe public revenue for
lisposing of the public lands, or the pro- |
eeda. hereof; for imposing any tax or duty,
ir for the appor ionmcn? of representatives I
hall have been res:ored to the rights of |
rbich they huv been wrongfully deprived.
Aid be it resolved by the auhority aforeaid,
Ti n: a copy of the foregoing preamble
and resolutions, cer ified un Ut the
jre.it s< h! of ibe g ?ie, which since seventeen
undrcd und st venty-s x has tKen, and stiii
s the constitu ional and cherished emblem
?f th? sovereignty of New Jersey, be trans
mi'ed :?the Hon. K. M. T. Hunter, a repvseutntive
from Virginia, with a request
hnt he will la.v the same before the other
pres'-n atives from the several states now
issembled at Washington.
And he it resolved hy the authority aforetaid,
That a ropy thereof bo transmitted to
he governor of each of the several states
>t the Union, with a request that he will
auso the same to be lnid before the legis.
tun* thereof; also to each of the senators
ind of the six representatives of this state.
Accompanying these reso!u:ions and the
Governor's Message is a list of what are
tllegod to be illegal voters who voted for
ho Van Buren Cand dates for Congress
imounting to 243.
Tax on Brokers.?From the following ffc
history, taken from the Charleston Mercury,
;>f the manner in which the clause imposing
his tax was introduced into the tax net, it
ippears ih it there was no "smuggling" in
h- case. The indignation of the "Charles,
on D> legation" and other honorable and
ipnsitive de'egations, under suspicion that
here wag, appears therefore to have been
'premature!" It is evident, as we once
before suggested, that the amendment passed
the Uouse through inattention of the
members to its business. If any have cause
af indig lation it is the people whose s rvan;s
take their money for services thus
performed. But to the history:
The proposition to tax the Brokers origi.
nu'ed with Mr. Higgins, a member of the
3"iafe Irom Newberry?a gentlemen well
known and universally respected throughout
the State. Early in the session* he submit*
*d his proposition to a member of the House
who suggested the rate of laxatioii which he
adopted. - flo drew up the clause with the
assis ance of two other members of the
Mouse, and then carried it to the Chairman
Pnmmiiiiip nn Pinnnrn / Mr.
UJ M?V# WVMIUMI IV* w ? ?* ?%?. y ? ? ^
before the bill to raise supplies had received
its first reading in the Senate, with a request
that he would submi it to his Committee
wh'-n the bill came before them. He consented
to do so, but insisted that if the mea.
surfs should be opposed in Committee, lie
(Mr. Higgins) should attend and explain
trie obj c:s of r, or if it should be opposed
in the Sena e that he should defend it, to
wliim lie agreed. (Mr. [Jiooins was not
a member of the Finance Commit ee at the
last Session.] The clause was reported,
unci Mie intention of the S nute called par(icularly
to it as an ammendment, by the
Chairman of the Finance Committee, on .
the second renting of the Tax Bill. It pas. *
s? d without opposition mid the biJl went to
ho House for a final reading with this clause.
?There was nothing irregular about it. Wo
have before us a letter fro in a member of
he House stating that he voted for the am?
im?Ht IV.. ?r?? further authorized to
?? -?
staie that the clause was shewn to two gentlemen
of ;lie Charleston delegation in the
House, b'-fore it was referred to the Senate
Committee. One of these gentlemen, we
presume, whs Mr. Memminger, who has al.
ready explained his connection with tho
measure, as well as the manner in which it
was taken up in the House. It seems
to have been adopted because nobody
/