Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, January 31, 1840, Page 46, Image 2
46
- jsgg-*1". .J J.
perfectly level projections of earth about t'
feet wide, an 1 rising six or eight inch
nhove the surface of the floor, and are b
yards or more in length, for receiving t
bricks to be dried ; and they should run
a north and south direction, in order tl
both sides of the pile may receive i:s d
proportion of sun-shinfe, and they must
about four feet apart to allow wheeling w
a barrow between them. The boy that i
ceives the bricks from the moulder, ho!
them by the cuds of the turning-board a
p'accsthomon a barrow constructed fort
purpose, with a high raised stage of frurr
work, that is levrl when the barrow is ru
ning, and holds twenty bricks. It must r
upon planks to prevent concussion to t
1 - U-.'-l.- tTo .arril'S thciU tO
yei renocr one as, uc va...v.
hick and lays them reguiariy upon it, len
ing the turning boarJs under them un:il t
row is nearly filled, and this allows time 1
the bricks to dry and become a lit lo ha
on the surface, which they will do in half
hour in fine weather. Another who is
attendance at the hacks, takes them up a
moves them to tlte next adjoining hack, pi
viously covered with sand raked smoot'
and ;n doing so,.places them on their edg
by inclining the turning-board with o
hand nnd, applying the other to i
brick, while he slides away the boards
be returned in the empty barrow to t
moulder. The soft bricks are thus dispos
i.? an angular manner like a worm fenc
but in no case more than two inches asuud
in the widest part, anJ not touching ai
whore. The row or hack being finisht
the bricks arc sanded on their tops, and ;f t
hark is long, the bricks at the end first p
down will he dry enough to permit a sreo
tier to be laid upon them, and so until eir
tiers or layers afo so disposed, which is t
greatest number that can bo placed witlx
danger of crushing or spoiling the shape
the lower br.cks, and this number shot
no: be attempted unless the hacks are lor
and the weather fine and dry. Tneobp
ol placing the bri ks in this oprn rnnnn
- * i i i
>s to permit the air to D.ow mrougn ?nu u
them as effectually as possible, but th
n?usi not dry too rapid.y, ns that will cau
them to crack. Should the sun bo t*
powerful, the hack will require slielb
which is obtained by constructing a numb
of light frames of a kind of basic, t work
twigs and straw interwoven. They arcs
feet long, as high as the hacks, and ma<
as hght as possible. The straw hurdles a
so useful, no brick maker should bcwitho
* them ; they afford shelter against both s*j
rain, and frost, (which are the greatest cn
inirs of the brickmaker in this singe of il
business.) or they are set up in angular p
sitions to catch and direct the wind into ti
hacks, if the b: icks dry too slowly. Shou
violent rains come on which might destn
ail the work, the top of the hacks must I
thatched, by placing long wheat or r
straw transversely across their tops, k<-e
ing ii from blowing away by planks la
htftgtjjwtse on them. The hacksare ra:s
above the natural soil, for ti e purp-se
- . r
keeping the lo^cr tier of bricks out or n
wef, slioui J raio oecur.
In about a week the bricks will be sufl
cientfy dry for turning, which is done I
moving them from tl?o hack on which th*
were first dried,JtoJt he n'Jjacrnt one hftem;
ty fo receive them. They are now dispos
u$ before ypon their edge.', but are pi
para lieftto.es ch other, about one inch ap ti
NuUjhosidd, that was before downwards
turned- upwards. In the second ti r <
course; each brick is placed over the opt i
?ng between the two below, end so of i
courses that succeed un:il the e.ght tiers a
again completed. lit this manner they s;
expose considerable surface to t'ie a.r, ai
as the bricks have now become toleiab
dry, ?nd do not require sun, the last dryii
hacks arc somet.mes covered for their w he
extent Willi a slight thatched roof to prote
vlaefTi from rain ; or if the kiln is not read
mfo a bnildii
tn**y ar? tuiiiviitiinii i?>.. vv. ..
tor safely. 'Hie hacks sometimes requi
turning three or four times before the bncl
are sufficiently dry fur the kiln, and tl
drying usually takes from three to ft
weeks, depending on the state of the weal he
Bricks arc always ma le by piece wo
n'-ur London, where a skilful moulder, ha
tag alt things in good order around him, w
tnuuld and haeK from five to seven thousar
in a day of fourteen hours work, or ubo
five hundred per hour; but to accompli:
this he w.ll require six hands to wait on hir
nit of winch are children. They supp
hitn with the tempered clay and sand, at
water to dip his touL into, remove the oriel
as fust as they a?e moulded, and return tl
turning boards.
When small quantities of bricks ore t
quired in a country where they cannot 1
obtained, or for particular jobs, the clay m;
be tempered and mixed by placing it on
hard bottom, and working it by a shovel <
spade with water, and trampling it in t!
manner already described for pudding i
stead uf waiting for a frost to break it dovv
Jn tin's case more water must be added tht
is fit for tempering brick earth, but it ct
be got rid of afterwards by draining itawa
or exposing the earlh !o dry ; when ti
moulding and drying must be conducted ;
above described, but on a smaller scale.
In the vicinity of London, where the d
mand for bricks is enormously great, tl
large brick makers adopt a different metht
to that above described for tempering at
preparing their clay, but there is no vari.
tiow in the manner of moulding and dryii
upon tiie bucks. The clay is dug in autun
and frosted as usual; but instead of heir
piled in ridges or small heaps, the whole
wheeled into one immense pile, as froit.i
the iuterior is of less importance when m
chinery is used. At the breaking up of (I
frost lite clay is carried in navigators' ba
rows toa mill cuiled a pug-mill, whore it
worked by horse power, and incorporab
with the necessary quantity of sand, chal
or other material, and water, which is off
pumped up and delivered into the mill, I
tiie same power, :n sucii quantity as will r
duet; lira whole earth to so thin a state th
it is just capable of running from anopenii
made ih the bottom of (he mill for its di
( Uurge. it is received upon a wire sieve
ivo | strainer, that stops all stones or foreign init's
i gradients, if their size would prove prejudifty
cial to the bricks about to be made. Two
he capacious ponds or reservoirs, about three
in or four feet deep, are formed for receiving
tat tins diluted car h, and they are so placed in
uk J respect to iheiudl, that its pjoduce can be
be discharged into either at pleasure, by means
ith | of wooden shoots or spoo's. The pugged
e- j stuff is conducted into one reservoir until it
Ids ! is quite filled, when it is lurued into the oth- r;
nd an I wh le :li?* second is filling, the earthy
lie matter subsides in the firs', leaving nothing
in but clear water ai ihe s irlace, and this carein
fully drawn ofTby w.thdrawiug peg*, that
un are placed very close, one below the other,
lie fi\?ni holes in a thick plank let in o the upp r
a part of the reservoir. In ih s way he waiv.
i ter is drained off and runs to waS'ej leaving
he I a finely divided and most equable mud in
or I the reservoir, which becomes of such conrd
! sistence by draining, that it can be taken up
an j by shovels, pir into barrows, and bo taken
in I away. , The discharge of the mill is tlun
nd again turned in o the first reservoir, which
re- fills, w'lil" a similar draining and removal of
i ; the contents of the second is taken place.
;es j In this manner the clay is more rninu'tdy d ne
j vi led -nd broken up, or tempered, than
b j could possibly be dono by ihe former proto
| cess of hand labor, and in J;s S()ft slat<? when
he first moved, is in excellent condition for re.
I'd reiving finely sifted breeze, or any thing
re, else that may be necessary for improving
I?t i the quality or color of the brick. After this,
ay ! all that is necessary for rendering the earth
'd. fir for the moulder, is a few days exposure
he to tho nir. 'o make it sufficiently dry for his
nit j use ; anil ilion the process proceeds exaoily |
n?l j as before described, unless indeed a patent
;bi moulding machine should bo employed, in- I
he stead of a band moulder, forming tie bricks.
>tit and then the compos' is delivt red to tb m i- J
of chine, of which there are several varieties,
lid said to produce more compact bricks than
)g, band moulding, because greuer pressure is
cl exerted to compress the clay into tie* mould
**r? than can be exerted by a man working the j
try j wbolo day through,
cv (To be continued.)
se |
voj on surerannuting a b.my officers,
-r, j ?
i't official report
of From the Secretary of War, in compliance
;ix with, a resolution of the. Senate, on the
Je subject of prrm:tting officers of the Army
r- to retire on half pay.
ut IN SENA TB?January 8, 1840.
n, ?
e- War Department, Januaj-y 7, 1840.
he Sik : In reply to the rosolu ton of the
o- Senate of ttie 27th ultimo, asking, first,
ie "What would be the effect upon the militaId
ry service of the country of a regulation by
>y which all officers of iho Army, on arriving
he at sixty years of age, should be permitted to
ye retire from the service upon half pay
p. and, second, "What would lie the probable
id annual charge upon the Treasury by such
ed a regulation," I have the honor to submit
of the accompanying report by the Command,
he j ing General, and venture to hope that the
j importance of the subject will be deemed
n i a .sufficient nnoiogv for bis presenting at th>
I w
>y same time a plan calculated 'o provide for
y j disabled officers and to render the service
p- more efficient.
d Very respectfully, your most obedient
ut servant,
t, J. R. POINSETT.
is Hon. R. M. Johnson, President or the
>r Senate.
ill [Iead Quarters of tiie Army.
re Washington City Jan. 4, 1840
ill Sir : In conformity with your directions
id I have considered the two queries contain.
Jy ed in die resoiu.ion of the Snate of the
ig 27ih of December, 1839, viz. 1st. "Whin
ile would be the efTect upon the military ser
Ct v.ce of the counry of a regulation by which
y, all officers of the Armv, on arriving ut sixty
ig years of age, should be permitted to retire
re ! from service on half pay ?" 2d. 44VVfiat
ks would be the probable annual charge upon
lie the Treasury of such a regulation?" And
ve I have the honor to report that, upon an
r. examination of the probaolo ag? s of the
rk officers, there does not app- ar to be in the
v. whole Army more than eight who have
ill arrived at the ago of sixty, and few, if any
id of them, would bo willing to retire on half
ut pay, because the pay would be too small
- riv _
>1) to afford them a decent subsist nee. me
n, highest half poy would not probably exceed
ly thirty-seven and a half dollars a month, and
id the lowest twenty-five ; but let it be suppoks
sed that four, or one half-pay list, say two
ie colonels and two lieutenant colonels, the
expense a year for the two colonels would
e-1 be, at $37 50 a month each, $900 00
!>e j For the two lieutenant colonels,
iy I at $30 u month each, 7*20 00
u j -
arl Total expense a year $1,620 00
ie Of the otHcers above sixty years of n?*e,
n- there are many of them hearty, hale and ef.
n. lective men, capable of rend* ri. g good s?-r- I
in vice, and now actively and usefully employin
cd.
v, As it is presumed that the object of th"
ie resolution is to allow officers who may
as conceive themselves unfit for the active
duties of the pro'es^ion to retire, and make
o. room for others more efficient in physical
ie I power, and at the same time to provide for
-L a -L- ? iioufe nf :iOTi? flij
jU SUCH Ullti'LTS auovir J>.um -b- ?
id mav be willing to retire*, I would r?specta
lully beg leave to suggest a plan of a more
igi extended nature, and on a more liberal
in ' scale of compensation, free from any exig
! pense or burden the Governm-nt, which,
is! besides having the advantage of economy
lg j would render the corps of officers quite (
a-1 effective, and consequently improve gr<a ly
he the condition of the whole service,
r. My plan is this : Let every officer who,
is from age, wounds, or other infirmities, shall
cd become unfit to perform the duties of his
Ik, office, be retired from service on his ordi
an nary pay, without rations, or other allowan.
by ces whatever; and let the officer next in the
c- line of promotion fill the place of such
mt retired officer, with the emoluments beiig
longing to that rank, and the pay of the
is- I commission from w hich he may be promoorited.
So that, if a colonel be retired, the
X' XX X*/ 1'X -? ?< _
?????? > \
lieutenant colonel, who, according to the
established rules of promotion, should receive
the vacant colonelcy, would bt* colonel
with the pay of lieutenant colonel, and
the emolument of a full colonel.?
Tnis promotion would vacate the lieutenant
colonelcy, which, in like manner, would he
filled by promotion of the major, who wou'd
enjoy the rank of li* u enant colonel, w t?
the pay of major and the emolument of
lieutenant colonel; so woul I tie* eldest
captain, and the rank, command, arid emoluments
ofliutenant c Intel | so would the
eldest captain be m ?j'>rt vvirh the pay uf
captain, and die rank, cortunand, .-md etno!.
umens of major; so with the eld-st rt. s*
lieu cnari j wiio would he ciptum, with 'he
pay oI first lieuten m , and tii<? emoluments
of fap'ain ; and so down to tiie foo of the
raiment, where ttiero woal I be ? v icanry,
whicn could bo suppled by 'he brevet second
lieutenant, or ?rad.nteof the M lif irv
Academy, or new appointment, according
to eircumstanees.
Now the i of t'lis plan will be seen
bv exhibiting the cosi of a regiment as it
exists, an i the cost of a regiment with a
Mired colonel on ordinary pay, and it will
be se n that there will he an actual saving
in money, with the advantage that all the
officers would b" effective. If the retired
colonel shall have served forty years, he
will leave eight rations a day to ;he Public,
which eight rations are worth, at twenty
Cents each, (die regulated price.) $1 60 a
day, or $584 a year, and the additional
expense of placing a second lieutenant a
the foot of the regiment will he #3')0 a
year, making an actual saving of $284 a
year. (See tahie herewith, made out by
the paym .stor-general, marked A.*) Now
f the w bole of the officers of the Army,
supposed o he uon-efF-otive, wr? reired
on the same priucipl , h re would be som thing
like twen v officers?elevn "t tin*
artilh ry, an ! nine in the infin rv. Tin?
? x ra rations rcccved by these oflloirs lor
every five yours*service, are estimit'd to
amount to sixty f?ur rations ; d?v Tor h
ar llltrrv, ami filly for the infmtrv ; n: 'king
114 rations a day saved, or 41.610 minis
a ye tr. at twenty ecu's, amouu'in j 'o t'te
j sum of $3 322 Now, to supply Ir? wen.
ty vacant second lieutenancies, occasion"d
by th" retirement of the twenty offic TS
will cost, at $306 each. 80 000 a year;
which sum, deducted front $3,322, leaves
cl< ar saving of $2,322 a year.
By the present system, nil officers receive
full pay ami emoluments, whet'??T
ihey are cap ibleuf s-rvi-o or not, and t ie
effective offic rs are obliged to do the dm\
of :he notKelfective, without any advantage;
but, by the above plan, the non-effective
officer Will have a reasonable allowance
made him on Ij- ing retired, and the officer
who will be obi god to do his duty will re
cetve advanced rank with additional emoluments
: so thn?. if the nronosed plan he
... , ? I I
adopted, it may bo expected tli tt all parti ;s
interested would be satisfied.
I have the honor to lie, sir, with great
respect, your obedient servant,
ALEX. MACOMB,
Major General, (Commanding >n Chief.
lion. J. II. Poinsett, Secretary at
War.
Tiuso tablos we omit.?Ed. Ciii.
THE EIGHTH OF JANUARY.
The reception Of G'*n. Jackson on the
Sth, was siteli .is must have boon extrerq ly
grat ljing to the aged and war-worn
veteran. lie was escorted to the city down
the river by a convoy of four steamboats,
laden with pissengers and soldiers, with
cannon firing ?nd < oh.rs streaming. At
the Levee, a crowd of several thousand
spectators hul'd the gallant Chief on
I Hiding The waving oflm's, and a chorus
of enthusiastic cheers, announced his touch
-I - -? . .
ing IH?J snore, wnicn twen y-nv-- years ago
his valor ii id defended. A profession was
ilien formed, consisting of a mdt arv escort
and the citizens, and ilto General was
conducted tn mi open carriage nlong the
Levcc and ('anal Street, amid a sea of
human heads, to (he State House. From
thence the procession moved through Canal
and Char r?*s streets to the Place d*Arines
and the Cathedral. The city ha t dions
turned out in Inrg" nutnhers, and madfe cer.
tainly a magnificent display. Hut all die
pride, pomp and circumstance of war was
forgotten and ov< Hooked, in the cage de.
sire to gaze on the "old G neral." Truly,
he was a spectacle worthy the veeerat on
of the people, who owe so much to his
military achievements. His head was
white, as if the snow of a hundred winters
had fallen upon it ; and the pa'id and wan
aspect of his features indica'ed the near
approach of the aged [Iero to "that bourne
wh'-ti'-e no traveller returns."
In passing along the turong, we noticed
the General Irequently reurnmg the salute
of spectators, and the waive of white handkerchiefs
hy "ladies fair," never failed 10
un?et \vi It n polite response from the g dlan:
veteran. From the PI ice d:Arni< s the
process on mov *d into the Cathedral where
an eloquent and appropriate tiddross was
delivered by Judge Watts. We uude stand
the remarks of th- orator wer listened to
with great satisfaction by the G-neral, who
" "nifiud hr??v mnrh h fidt the linnnN dune
.. - - ?
him in a brief reply. It was the intentio..
to march the old Hero to the scene of his
exploits?the battle ground? the pta'n ot
Chalmettes?but the fatigue of (he t}>> y was
too much even for the iron frame of 01
Hickory, enfeebled as it had been by sickness,
and broken by I be hardships ol War
For th;s reason thejspeetacle closed at the
Cathedral, and from thence General Jack
son was conducted to the splendid apartments
prepared lor him at the French
Exchange. The pageant, onthejwhole, was
well got up, and handsomely conducted.?
The Victor of New Orl-ans has reason to
be pleased wi li the cordiality and enthusi
asm of his welcome. While the citizens o
of New Orleans enjoy the satisfaction of
having paid marks of honor and venera ion
to their champion and hero, who has come
on his last visit tog ize for the last time on
the scene of his GLORY.
JScw Orleans Bulletin.
APPOINTMENTS OF THE PREACHERS OF THE
Jl. E. CHURCH.
Charleston District,?Henry Biss, P. E.
Charleston. N. Talv, II. A. C* VV ilk-r,
Wlniefoord Srn tli, ? W. Capers. E ii:or of
thti Soutnern CI ristian Advocate. B ack
' Swamp, R J. Bo.d, W. L. Prgues.?
' VValt -rhoro.' Theophdus Ujuggitts. Bar ..
well, H. II. Duruut, Aij?rw J. Greer..?
< Jr ng buig. Allen MJfTrquodule, S imu I
Dun wo iy. Cypress, W. J. Limehouse, J.
R. Locke. Cooppr' River, George R.
Pally Missions,?Beaufort, Thou.as E.
Lenlbetter, Martin Ea ly. Pumtnligo.
John N. D ivis. Cornbanee and Ashi-poo,
J. R. Coburn. Wiiharn H illi lay. Poii
Pon, Cm Wilson, Soutn S-in'ee. Mark
Russ-'l. Nonh San en, VV. C FeireJI.?
Cooper River, Abraham Net |.-s*.
Cokesberry District.?VV. M Wighrnmn,
P. E.
Cokeshury Circii't, Joseph H. Wheeler,
VV. P. Mouzon. E lg -field, D ivi i Dernek,
S. VV. K"n.i.-rl>, P?*ndl on, J din Z m.
merman. Gr-'anvdle. Da*id IHiard, Wil- I
linmson Smjfti. Yorkv l!e, J. G. Posfe J.
Union, J.imps C. Posiell, Titos. S. Daniel.
Laurens, David VV. Seal. >le\vb?Trv,
George VV. Moore, John Tarrant. A ken.
Jo-1 VV. Townsend. Sulu-la mission, J.
VV. VVelborn.
Jam's S:ney, Agent for Cokeshnry
Manual Labour School, and R uidolph Ma '
con C <11 ge.
Columbia District,?Il.tr;well Spain, P.
E.
Columbia,?Charles B "ts, C lumbia circuit,
B. Thomason. Winnsboro,' VV. C.
- _ T tX7;n;nin
t'a terson, w. ldiiht. uiiidKi' !,
Bruckiruon, Lewis Little. Cam 'en, Sam
u-'l Townseud. Smtee, C. A. Crowell,
Z. VV. Barnes. Darlington, Samuel W.
Cap -rs, L. O'Neal. Cites erfield, VV. S.
Ilal'om. Missions?U?per Santee, S. D.
Lai)"V. Bro uj River. Joseph Holmes.?
Waferee, VV. J. Jaekson, Jar*ob Nipper.
Korkv M . mission, K. L. K tig.
Wilmington District,?B. English, P.
E.
Wilmington, VV. A Gamewe||. Brunswick,
Simpson Jones. Joseph P Kerton.?
Blad'-n. A Doyle. II. E. Ogburn. Fay.
etievillo, Samuel Leard. Rockingham,
VV . Harrison, William McSwam. Cheraw,
W. C. Kirkland. Pee Dee, J. R. Picket,
A. M. Ch ietzberg. Black River, Charles
S Wa ker, Michael Bobbins G?*o getown,
A. M. Forst'T. Waecamaw, Lewis
Scarborough, A. Richardson. Missions?
Bla-'k River and Poo Dee, Marcus A.
.YJ.-K'bben. Waeeamaw Neck, J. A
Minich, James L. Bolin, Snupi', Paul A.
M. Williams.
Lincolnton District.?William Crook,
P. E.
Lincolnldn, D. G; McDaniel, VV. C.
Clarke. D"ep R:ver, J. M. Bradley, M.
P. Myers. Montgomery, W.iliatn M.
Kerr, A. Huekahoe Wades bo o,' Ira L.
Potter. Centre, A. VV. Walker. Ch irlott**,
A. B. McG Ivary, Charlotte circuit. P
G Bowman, Campbell Smi h. Ruiheiford,
J. B. Alimony. Kings Mom-tain, Benj.
Hamilton. Morganton?Colin Murcliison.
" ? * 1 O A
JamMs U. Unanoier. opartnnourg, o. nrm>trong,
C. M'Cloud. Missions?Ruck
Fish, J. A. McMackm.
James E. Evans, transferred to the Georgia
Conference.
ku-isla.
According to die official account of the
bir. Us and deaths in Mi - Russian empire i>
appe ars tnal in the course of last year, a
great many persons died who had utlained
a remarkuhly high age.
Toe number ol births was 2.333 902
Oea;lis 1,563,733
Evcess of hirtlis 77l),259
M.?rriag-s 492,424
Among the deaths there were of persons
From 100 to 105 years, 858
Fiom 110 to 115 years, 125
From 116 o 120 years, 130
From 120 to 130 years, 3
From to 145 years, 1
From 150 to 156y?.ar9, 3
Of 160 years, 1
Of 166 years, 1
Tilt* provinces on both sid-'S the Cauea.
sus, C.tusasia, and Transeausia, are not
nic'u fed. According to Mm report of the
Finance D -pariirmnt, Mm population of the
Russian Empire in 1336 was sixty millirtri?
Sad Condition of British India.?
500,000 people swept off. British India is
an ?mpirc as large us Europe, exclusive of
Russia, witli a population including iribu ary
States, of more ihnn 150,000,000. Over
tnis empire and people a away is exercised
wholly 0 itis i ; while ii is affirm* d that ignorance,
poverty, crime and d ss lisfactiol)
pit'vail there, to a distressing and alarming
extent.
It tins been estimated the famine of 1837
and 1833, in the Upper Provinces, of Bengal.
swept off mce than 500,000 people.
Toe famines of 1339, visited the Northern
Provinces of Bomnny and Ma irns
The Asia i'* Journal for Augusta, 1838,
states thai'"200,000 were scantily fed daily
ny Government and private individuals in
tne north west provinces; vet this is a faint
palliative. The people arc dying like do^s
?mothers throwing tn?ir*livmg children at
? J- a : |
ui ?h into lin* Jumna-?disease ?e.s r? \ih?
numbers Whom famine has spared Jugs and
Jack ds ac utlly devouring bodies in which
Ii?e has not extinct*" At Gwalior "bydrophobi.i
was as fa al as cholera?famine
dreadful?horses, asses, buffalo* sf every
thing that had died a natural death, eaten hy
tne natives." A? Agra "the police pick up
150 bodies daily."
On the 14 h of April, 1833, 78.000 pining
wretches, men women and children,
were led by the bounty at Agra : and between
ihe 1st and 15lh of March, 71.523
ntirm and sightless creatures were r liev
euf in a similar manner. So great were
;he ravages ef death, that the air for miles
was taiuted with the effluva from the putrilying
carcases of men and cattle, and tne
rivers of the Jsmna and Ganges were
choukcd up and poisoned by the dead,
bodies t.?rown into .heir Channels. Th" i
water and fish of these rivers were rejected j
as unfit 'or use, and nvn k<pf constan Iy fj
emp'oyed in pushing the accurnuluh d i)o a
di< s down the torrents. The mortality was (I
i?t the rat" often thousand a month ; a Je e
struetion of life which, if it had continued, a
would have swpt off the entire population ii
in less 'han a year. u
tl
From the N. y. Journal of Commerce. i
The Aini8lead Africans.?Judg- Judson, ?
on MoinJay pronounced his d< cis on in t .c o
c -se of those negroes. He d-*cl.ir s li-m v
free, with the exception of Amoino and r
decides tfiat, by vir ue of existing laws il??*y n
oiiifht to tre eommi ted 10 tno car-of the 3
(Jailed States government, for the purpose
O' being restored to the land from win- h <1
t ,ey were stolen. Th s decision we uii? r
derstand wili not probably he appealed f om. ?
Ten days however, were allowed for an ?
..ppeal to be taken, if desired by any of the !
parlies interested; oiiierwisea decree will
be issued on the 23 I i'lst. in conformity to '
the decision h"re given. For the sake of
those persons v?h.o havo no leisure to read I
the entire Opinion, we will s ate the priuci- i
pa! points, which arc as follows. I
1. That th" District Court for Connec i- '
eut has jurisdiction the schooner having j
been taken possess on of, in a legal sense, 1
on the "high seas " '
2. Tnat the libel of Thomas R. Gedn'-y i
a.id others is properly filed in the Distric. '
Coun of Connecticut. ' 1
3. That he se'2- rs are entitled to salvage, i
and an appraisement will be ordere and I t
one third of ihat amount and cost will be <
decreed, just and reasonable. I
4. That Green and Fordham, of Sag l
.i.irbor, wiio claim to have taken original <
possession of vessel and cargo, cannot sus- l
nin their claim and therefore their libels be i
dismissed. }
5. That Ruiz an ! Montcz through th t
| Spanish Minster, Inve est iblished no titl??
1 to tli?' Afrcuns, ns they are und uhtedly ?
i Rozd n groes or negro 's recently im(>or- '
ed from Airica, in violation of the iuws o ?
Spain. 1
6. That the demand of restoration, to ?
have the question trieJ in Cuba, ma ie by 1
the Spanish Minister, cannot bo complied s
with as by th- ir own laws it is certain t.iey 1
cannot enslave these Africans and therefore t
cannot prop' rly demand tle-m for trial.
7. That Antoine, being a Creole, and le. [
ga'ly a slave, an I expressing a strong wish I
to ho returned to II ivana, a restora ion will
he decreed und r the treaty of 17(J5. '
T tat th-so Africans b d -hVcrcd to *
the President of the United States, uud? r '
I the 2d sec. of th?? Act of March 3. IS39, (
j and the 1st sec. of the law of 181H, stjil in J
I force, to bo transported to Africa, there to 1
be delivered to tho agent appointed to re. 1
ceive and conduct them home. '
t
? *
Court of Equity.?A ease of the highest 2
interest is now pending before Chancellor f
J. Johnson, in theCourt of Equity, for this {
District, now silting n this City. It is known 1
among the profession, us the case of PeV 1
and Ball, a suit instituted between the rep- '
resentatives of the lute II. S. Ball and Lady,
of this City, two of the unfortunate vie- 1
tims m the explosion and wreck of ilio s eam (
packet Pulaxkiy in order to settle the ques- '
lion of survivorship between the husband 1
and wife, vvho shared nn eve n grave on I
tnat ttppuliue occ asion. All the harrowing ?
" * l|f 1 ' * - I 4
incidents ol tbe iJreaiitui caias ropne nave
b'*en of course diseloscd by the evidence, so '
far <9 they could be collec:ed from tlie sur
viwi.nesses and suff *rers : nnd a ! eau
liful model of die boat is placed before Ihe 1
Chancellor, 10 illustrate ihe evidence and
the argument. The ablest counsel at our
Oar are engaged in the cause, and a therm- 1
so studd"d with die materials of eloquence, '
will dnubdess call forih the high-sf efforts ol I
f. rsensir power. The fl<>n. Ml'GH S Le., '
oarfi, commenced the argument jfc-ucrday. '
in behalf of ihe survivorship of ;hc wife, and ?
unchanged the attention of bis au liehce. t
until tbo adjournment of the Court, \viih a <
speech of tarilling effect, and rarely equal '
led power, magnificence, and beauty. We <
understand tlmt he will resume nnd con- (
elude his urgum?-ni to-day. Char. Cour. 1
Thursday, JanUaRy 18, 1^40. j
Mr. Clay, of Kentucky, presented the 1
memorial of a committee of die \m -ricaii i
Silk Society, praying the aid and patronage t
of the Government in the printing and dis
tributing ihe journal of said society. 1
lu presenting this nn morial, Mr. Cla\ 1
said while I am up I will remark that, in <
- - ?
my opinion, there is naraiy n prouucuuu m
winch thiscoun'ry is engaged which is more 1
imporuut to b?? duly atien led to a! this time '
taan iliut of sdk. As an ?>iriiriuhtlr ?I pro- <
duct i: is appropriate to all par s of the coun- |
try. An I among the c u es winch have '
occasion'd the unexampled state ofdis ress I
from which no portion of this wide country <
is exempt, which has increased, is increus. |
inland I wish to God I could S"eany hope t
of its end?at leust among the foreign caus- I
es of this remarkable state of distress, is '
unquestionably that of purchasing so mu h '
abroad. Sir, we must make more a' home
and bring less from abroad if we would re*
move the causes of distress } and this tv- '
mark is applicable to our own produCiions i
in every form, of agriculture as w? ll as of 1
fabrication. And in rega d to silk its' If 1
look at the facts. For seven years pas the <
annual amour.t of it brought into this coun- 1
1 i oi.iSnnnnn .....i I
irv II"S <5? 1 ?,UU('tUUU U1III wuc ^<-"1 n
rose to $20,000,000 ; and this $12,500 000 !
is for un article w hich, if any thing is tor
the udornmen' and luxury of man, silk i
that article 1
Sir, no country can long s'and for which '
the annual imports exceed the exports by 1
sum- $40 000,000 or $50,000,000. And i
if I was not ahsolu ely powerless, if my 1
friends and myself had any power in the i
direction of this Government, I would to- I
morrow impose a duty equal to the maxi- <
mum witch the compromise act udm ts, that <
is, 20 per cent, on this import o! $12,500.- i
()00 m silk. I would lay this du:y on silk, '
and with a view in part, to prevent a dan
gerous excess of revenue, I would distnb. '
re the annual proceeds of the sales of the .0
>ubl c lands to the State os their own proertv,
'o which they are already entitled ;
nd let tins fund assisst them to liquidate
lieir debts, and to fost?r those great inter*
sis which are jus ly dear to them, so far
s there is now -freedom from debt. I would
npose this duty on silk and on other luxfri
s, and if the lands are not necessary to
fie support of this Government, I would disribuie
the proceeds of the lands among the
?.ai?'s who are entitled to them. But we,
it* at least I am no; in the condition to do
rhat I have suggested, and therefore i canlot
do o h'Tw se than to ask that this menorial
he r- f rred *o the ComTftittee oo
damifar* urcs and printed. ^ ^ "*
Mr. Calhoun said : I rose to make no
ipposi ion to the motion, but to make a few
crnarks connected with those topics which
ire now of chief importance and i hope that
lot much more of this session will pass<
i.-roro we shall go deeply into tiiat subject. _
r<ie C"Unfry is now at a point at winch
las become of far more in'erest thaa ever.
Sir, I differ in totafrom the Senator from
t ritucky as to the causes of distress ; and,
am not mistaken, they H? the very op.
>oiife of what have been o&tgged. To.
evive lite olf, the ti^j^^ndcondenied
American system,
? u
Ul IIJUUJI
The
iscribes to iho importation
rum other causes. He looked upo^rMpW^V
neasure that would, at this time, increase
he credit of the S ates so as to enable them
0 s< II more bonds in foreign markets, as
jositiv- !y injurious. We ship our creditr
md bring in goods. I bold the very reverse
)t what the Senator has indicated as the
rue policy, anJ I hope for an early oppor*
unity of pointing out that policy, and that ^
tt an earl) day we shall look deep into the
subject.
Mr. Clay. This is a li:tie unusual, to
ngage in a discussion on this subject thus
>< tore the time. Sir, have I proposed or
iuggesteo a revival of the tariff further than
lh compromise allows? Not in the slightest
degree, I merely proposed a duty on
1 lk, as an article of luxury, ei tirely con*
iistent with the compromise. Sir, what
vas it thai I proposed 1 It was simply that
he maximum duty of the compromise?That
is, twenty per cent,?should be hnjose
i on silk, which is in no way iacomjuiible
with the compromise. ,
An i how can this injure the manufactures
ofco:ton, shipbuilding, or any thing
il.se, which are now nearly prostrated ? The
vo Icti manufacture at the North is almost
ru irely stopped, and that of iron itself is
unong the most languishing. How can
he duty on this luxury affect either thu
nunuiac urea or agriculture oftl^ coun:ry
\ It will benefit them ; for it will direct*
y aid the nianufu-tu e of silk, and, if raw
?i!k is pio luced wi h success, it becomes a
it obj ct for importation, and it may aid
'really m r moving that ruinous excess in
he balance of trade, which will crush us all,
juIoss ttie people can rise to
And the State debts? Sir, I should liko
o know by what right (lie subject of Statu
]< bis is >o frequently dragged into this
Senate, and tne States are here chided nnd
:ensur?'d as if un ler our supervision. Who
jive* us jurisdiction over them ? By what
tuthor ty have we the right to sny to Penn*
tylvittiia, or Illinois, or any other S ate, you
extravagant; \ou have got in o debt; ami
we will leave you to get out a* you can.?
Whence is this right? Who made it tho
day of the Federal Government to give lec. yff
Hires 10 the States on getting into this debt t
But those debts have be -n contracted, and,
us tho S nator from South Carolina says,
one effect of it has been to enlarge our im?
por s, becaus tho means arising from the
S.aie bonds has been thrown into the chan.
rod iff commerce. Bu' it will be no longer
<o, for tiiat very means will now become
in obstruction to commence. But thoso
J bts exis% and, as men of honor and lions'v,
those who owethein must pay them ;
md 1 rus1 no man here will be so destituto
if honor u;,d probity as to say they ought
101 to be p.id. Titey have been contrac?'d,
and our Stales h.ive received the bene,
it; and I believe that not a S ate of this Un. .
ion will be so lost to honor and good faith
is not to p iy such debts. The debts exist,
md in ihe worst forms, b c ?use the foreign r
is .tgn nst us. riot as a whole, but a9 dL
vided into parts, as separate members of the
Confederacy, on whom th'Te is foreign
Job , and consequen 1> for- ign influence.
And what is to be done ? The States
have here proposed nothing, ineiiher branch,
of Congress. But we know of the exist.
fn eofihese debts, mid the distress which
prevails in these different communities J and
we know ilia taxation will be necessary.? ,
Some of i he States, right or wrong, havo
contracted debts to an ex ent which the
leopie camo* bear; and if we are not desliute
of all those feelings which ought to
belong to a parent Government, and which,
in such, wo should cherish, we ought deeply
to sympathize with all these sufferings.
Well, and what suggestion did I make?
Was it to assume these debts? No, sir;
no, sir. But we are in possession of an
important fund, which, of right, belongs to
he States. The States have no power of
KnuosKiu duties on tmporis for the Duroose
jf lelicving themselves. And what was
in> suggestion T The debts exist, and must
be paid, principal and interest j and my 4
suggestion' was, that we should give up
wii.it belongs to the States, or, at least, do
wnut we can for them, by imposing duties
on articles purely of luxury, and give tho
States their own property, the proceeds of
t e public lauds, which would of itself bo
sufficient to pay the interest on a debt of
$100,000,000, and 1 believe the wbole
amount ot the Siate debts is not much more
than $100,000,000. But.I havo been
drawn into an exhibition of these views on
an occasion which 1 had no! intended it. I
merely meant to moke some suggestions
appropriate on presenting a memorial. The
^uator front South Carolina thought fit to
express, what is not at oil extraordinary.