FARMERS' GAZETTE
JMJVD c H E R A W
. ' * r-. -' - . - -'*? ?
VOLUME V CHERAW. SOUH-CAROLINA, FRIDAY, JANUARY 24, 1840. NUMBER 11. -
. m u -mm ?
^ E o i* 0 R A N" 0 PROPRIETOR.
x ^ ?
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i 8 * 11 11 i *
JRbportof the Committee on Swine,
to the New York State Agricultural
Society.
k r Until recently, very little attention has
L been paid to the breads of our farm s ock ;
ft and pigs being considered an inferior sp?f
cieaof domesticanimals, have been the las'
to engage the attention of the farmer; and
[ even at the present day in many districts
* A of oar country, the old unprofitable kinds of
[ this animal con in tie to prevail. Indeed,
systematic breeding wi h a view to improve
I the form and value of the animal, may be
said to have hardly commenced among us,
the improvements which are perceptible, be?
- rr* .1 a
ing rather ine iruus 01 cornopean man American
skill.
A common error in this country, lias
been to regard more the size of the animal,
* than its symmetry or good points?to esti.
mate a breed according to the preat weight
which it could be made to a'tam?rather
than the profit with which it would be fi led
?. to the hands of the butcher?the most material
point to the farmer. But experience
isteachingus a new lesson on this head.
Butchers now judge of an animal, not according
to its gross weight, but according
to the good points, or most valuable meat,
which it carries. Breeders have learned to
prefer those which, witlm given quantify of
food, wihlay on the most meat : And the
consumer has learned too, that meat that
shows the most solid fut, is nei her the most
? healthy, the most savory, nor the most economical.
It is the due admixture of fat
and lean, or the prevalence of what is termed
fat lean?such as is seen in the Devonshire
ox and the South Down sheep?tha
gives the greatest value to the butcher's
o w
meat.
ll was lately remarked by an eminent
breeder of England Mr. Gray, at an agricultural
dinner, that he could feed on nn
acre of land, a greater number of pounds
of mutton, in carcasses from 18 to 20 lbs.
per quarter than in carcasses from 28 to
SO lbs. per quarter, and that a quarter of
mutton from a sheep of IS to 20 lbs. weight
per qr. is worth m<ve ?n proportion than
from a sheep of 30 Ihsjper quarter; and that
consequently, the advan age is on the side
of the smaller carcasses. And he assigned
this, among other reasons, that incase of
drought or scarcity, a small animal can collect
as much food as a larger one, and has
ing a smaller carcass it a-rives mom auvmi
tage from it; that whilst the larger is losing
in condition, the smaller one, if not improv.
ing, is remaining stationary ; and when the
period arrives at which an abundance of
food can be obtained, it almost imm diately
reassnmos its position, and is fit to go to
market sooner than the larger animal.
These remarks ore found to hold good in
regard to swine, ns well as sheep. The
same quantum of food that will giro 60J
pounds to hogs of a very large breed, will
fatten two hogs of J)0l) pounds each ; and
the meat of the I ittcr, though not so fat,
will be of the better quality. This, and
other considerations, have given to what is
termed the Berkshire, a decided supftrioriiy
both in England and America, over most
other breeds.
The history of the intro Juction of this
breed among us, was stated in the report
upon swine, made at the last meeting of this
society,^ Si nee that time, the demand for
this breed of pigs, from almost every state
in the Union, has greatly increased, und
and prices, in some cases have almost exceeded
credulity. Two hundred and fifty,
*?? ^ Ctta knnrlrnrl HAL
inree nunomj} auu r?m ?!??-> uuii?ivH ?w>lars
a pair, have been paid for them. Nor
have they been found deficient in weight,
when they have had time to mature their
growth. They have been fattened to weigh
five, six, nnd seven hundred pounds ; and
one was brought to this market last week,
from Fulton county, eighteen months old,
purchased of Judge Buel a little more than
one year ago, which weighed, when dressed,
633 lbs. the carcass of which sold in the
market at about $55.
But it is not the great weight this breed
of hogs are brought to, th it gives them their
^ great intrinsic value. Tney are docile
quiet, come to early maturity, have bu> little
off*!, give a large excellent ham, one of the
most valuable pars, sweet, sound and high
flavored pork, nnd it is believed, make as
great, if not greater returns for the food
consumed, than any other breed amongst u?.
It is a matter ofcongr.ntulation to the admirer
of this breed of hogs, that Mr. L09.
sing of this city, has recently imported inree
animals of this breed, carefully selected by
Mr. Hawes, in England. Th s, it is hoped,
will prevent the necessity of breeding in-and
-in, and thus preserve to us the breed in its
purity.
The importance of the value of swine* <
with regard to rho consuming of the refuse I
or coarse grain of the farm, and production I
of manure, is too well known to the farmer <
to require further notice. I
Pigs that come in March, and are inten- i
ded to he killed in December, should be well I
fed with the wasu of the kitchen and dairy, I
'ro n th" :imHof weaning, and have a run in i
good clover wh*re there is plenty of water, '
and as soon as peas will answer, a small ?
quantity added to their feed daily, an I the ! i
. ... I n. limit inrruaai> In S'Tl' I (
In corroboration of the high opinion en*
tertainnd of this breed of hogs, 1 will s ate,
that Col. Willliams. a spirited and wealthy
gentleman, residing on Long Island, desirous
of proeur ng a superior breed of hogs,
Wiote to his friend and agent at Liverpool,
to procure or him, without regard >o price,
six pigs of iht best breed in England, and
to take time and satisfv himself before purchasing.
After diligent inquiry, his friend
fiually settled on the Berkshire, as hein.'
considered, taking all things in'o view, ih"
best and most approved breed, and purchased
seven, four males and three females, t.eing
the entire litter, (the owner refusmgto
sell a part.) and forwirdiug fiem to NewYork,
where they arrived in O 'toh-r. One
ofthe male pigs will i?e fo' warded to the
chairman of this committee in the s ling,
avhich w II go still flintier to keep the breed
from d genera ting.
There nreotnergood breeds of hogs in
some sections ofthe country, each of which
have their advocates and ndm?rers, such us
the Bedford or Woburn, M ?ckey, Leices
cest'-r. Morho, China, ByfielJ and Grassbreed,
as they are termed.
Much loss has been sustained by our f?rmers,
in not keeping up the purity of bloo t,
when possessed ; the importance of wh cli
has ben loo little regarded, and before they
were aware of it, the good qualities were
lost, either by breeding inland in, or by
crossing with inferior animals.
As regards the choice of hogs for breeding,
it is recommend'd that the male should
be small headed, deep and broad in the
c.iest, the clime rather archtd, the ribs and
barn I well rounded, and the hams falling
- ? ft
full down nearly 10 the dock. no nhuhhj
also be more compacnn liis form, nnd rath,
er smaller than the females, for it she be
coarse, her progeny will be improved m
form and fl sli by the cross, nnd the more
roomy she js, the bettor chance will si.?
afford of producing a hrg^and hoahhy li:t< r.
Respecting her make, no other observation
need be mad than to choose h'Ttif a deep
and capacious body with* good appearance,
nnd belong i g to as good a race us can be
lound.
The. boar should be well fed, and when
>oung, used spar ugly. The saw should
also be kept in good condition, so us to support
offspring, but should not be mude too
fat; for if in very high order she will probably
bring but a week and indifferent lit'or 1
of pigs. She sliou'd not be allowed to farrow
in the winter, as the young are fb**t?
extiemely tender, and of all animals
the least able 10 endure cold, and thrivwi
h great d fficulty. Tne months ol i
Vlarcb and the fiist of for the spring ,
| and the months of Augus* nnd September. |
for the fall lit ers, are therefore to be prefer- i
red for farrowing. ,
When tho breeders possess a good kind |
of stock, they are too apt to follow it up, b\ |
breeding what is termed a in and in" win ,
the saint; family ; a practice winch is woh (
known cannot be successfully persevered ,
in. lor tliey will become bud feeders, gro* ,
delicate, *tli ofF in s Z", and almost entiie! v i
give up breeding ; and should they Casu.ilK |
have a litter, the pigs wiil be small, weak I
| and die almost as soon as they are born. ,
I not unfrequently happens, ihar a young (
sow will devour her voung; she should, ?
therefore, be carefully watched, and well fed, ,
when about to farrow, whi h m iy be known (
by her currying straw in her mouth, about i
to form h?*r bed. It is a good precau ion to ?
sponge the backs of the pigs immediately
after they are born, with a strong infuson |
of aloes, in luke-warm wn'er, as its bitter f
tas e will prevent her from destroying them ; (
care should also be tak?'n before farrowing t
>o sep irate her from other hogs. Sheshould i
have a dry and warm place, and he provid. j
ed with a good supply of straw cut short, *
to prevent the pigs from g-tiing entangled, j
in which case she is apt to lay on and kill f
ihcm. To protect the pigs, an open frame t
or strong rail on each side of her, elevated i
a few inches from the ground, under which ?
he pigs may run, has been recommended, i
Eight or ten days alter farrowing, the sow ^
may bo allowed to leave her slye for a short <.
time every day, and when the pigs acquire c
n little strength, they may accompany her.
A grass fHd is the best place, fo- the her- t
bage imp oves the sow's milk ; the pigs *
grow faster as well as more healthy, nnu r
the stye is rendered more sweet by their ab. y
sence. If the brood be numerous, they (
should be lessened, in order t > relieve the
sow, to eight or at most nine : though from ?
ten to thirteen have been brought up in per- i
feet order, without any apparent injury to (
the mother. In such cases, however, she {
s ould be a strong and healthy animal, as y
well as supplied with an abundance of the <
most nuiriuous food. During the whole pe. I
riod of her nursing, the offds of the kitchen i
or dairy wash, with ship stuffs, ground oats,
barley, buckwh'ai or corn, mixed and given I
lukewarm, morning and evening, and with s
a I ttlo Indian meal or peas and barley |
ground and mixed, orsornetlung equally nu- i
trutou9. <
The young pigs while sucklers, should <
not be left wholly to the nourishment offered i
by the sow, hut should be furnished, wo or <
three times a day, with skim milk, or butter-whoy
or pot liquor, made lukewarm,
a id having a little meal, shorts and boiled
roots, mixed up with it: or if this he though
t o troublesome, skim-milk, with a small
quantity of ineal may he left constantly for
them, in a part of the stye to which the sow
cannot have acess. In six or seven weeks,
tuey will generally weigh from thirty to
thir y-five pounds and be strong enough to
wean. Affir warning they should not only
be kept dry and clean, but regularly fed.
' 4+' I
exposure tcHhe atmosphere, the gieater the
los Therefore flie practice of carting oui
the harn.g?fd manure in the fall, and >pr?aJing
it in email heaps Upon the soil intended
For ploughing tn the spring, is still more censurable,
But lie* fali manure is often cnr.
ted into the fields and deposited in one 01
two large heaps, to rot, for the purpose ol
manuring the corn and po ato lulls in the
spring; and stcange as it may seem, many
ild farmers yet believe that old rotted mature
promotes vegetation better than fresh
tr unfermented manure ? They appear tc
i.nornnt of the fact, thai the longer man.
ire rem iins exposed to rot. :h? less nutriment,
or food for the plants it retains ; ?ind
he morej it b comes assimilated to mere
mirth.
To pu' either fresh or ro'ted m in ire in
he bill, in the season of planting potatoes
ind,.rhch, as a general practice, is injudi.
?ious.?-Hut l.alf the quantity of fresh.unferneiited
manure, in the lull, w- II mixed in
;he soil, Would afford probably more nutriment
than double tne quanti y of old rotted
manure.
The motsfnre, necessary to vegetation,
conveyed to the mats of young trc s, or
lie corn, oro.ner plants, through the modijm
of ear'fi. If any light or dry material
is in eon act with lie roots, i' tends to cjt otl
he regular and natural supply of wafer, and
he plant must either extend its roots through
lie dry substance to draw its supply of rnoi.
Uure, or else become feeble, and perhaps
aerish. II< nee, l a dry season, more paricularly
manuring in the "hill, ofen proves
I'ery injurious to the grorlh of plants. If
manuring he corn hdl is ever judicious, i;
s only on h cold, moist and sterile so l, or
i*arded land deeply ploughed, w ere a far
mer has not a sufficiont quan ity of manure
IJUi'l III IIV lll' l C7<ISC<? as mi ^ iiiviiiu? ? ,
hs fued ng an ! fattening hugs exclusively on '
corn, at tie present high prices, it is evident 1
to every one, would be a losing and ruinous i
concern. It is therefore recomm nded, I
that ns soon as the harvesting of po atoes i
commences, the hogs should be confined
and f- d with boiled or s'eamed potato a i
with r (cw pumpkins* beef* or Carrots ; and i
peai, oats and buckwheat, ground toge.her, (
should be well mixed, when hot, and f-d luke* i
warm, regular!, three times per day. Great I
care should be taken not to cloy their np- i
p-tites, by feeding more than-hey will eut i
at each time, and as thev advance, it is re.
commended to feed hem a lit le at a time, i
several times in the day. To keep them t
easy and quiet, mueti depends on regularity, t
f?r they keep much better time than many i
are aware of. I
To hard'-n and give solidity to their flesh, I
aboCit two or three weeks previous to their t
slaughtering, they should be plentifully fe I ?
with corn and pure water, hut it would be j
more economical io have the corn reduced t
to meal, and if convenient made into inu^li t
or pudding, adding a little salt by way ol i
relish. A small quantity of fine charcoal i
thrown in o their pens occasionally, and a *
small quantity f sulphur, mixed with the ?
lood, will add much to their health. t
It li.?s been ascertained that one bushel ?
orgrain. grourd and cook'-d, will go nearly i
as far as two, m its whole state. 7 he above I
remarks will apply equally well to grown '
hogs. >
M ?rch pigs, well fattened weighing from f
200 to 250 |H>unds and killed in December, 1
will coimi) nd in this m irket the highest ;i
price ; bn for consu i lion on the farm, an
old? r and larger hog is recommended, say y
ironi 300 to 40 t pounds. I
Hogs treated as abovp, if of n good breed, c
will require from six to eight weeks to fatten I
them suflScien ly for slaught ring. n
C.N. BR ME NT, Chairman* i
From the Northern Farmer. f
MANUIt BS. P
Manures to a farm ar?' whit blond is to
he hum n body. The first object of o far- ''
Tier should he to obtain, and preserve in the 0
>est manner, a'l the vege'ahle and compos1 'J
li inures, which can b" made upon his farm, P
>r procured elsewhere; hut unless properly 0
ireterved much of his I ibor is was ed and
. - j i ps
IIS 1'in IS ar?' inw pru?m? |i?c7? i .... |
nents have r.l'-nrly proved that tnn nrrinu ? c
?f cuttle pres rved under cover or in vaults *
ind t b-ros, possess- ? a third more value >'
?i leant, than the same kind which has re- u
named exposed to rains and he aetion of n
tie atmosptiere. This will not he doubted '
?y any one who has any correct information r<
ipon t'?e suhject or lies by experiment as- c
vrtained the difTrenre. We cannot well
xpluin the reason ot th s great difference, ?
ivithnut edopting the style anO terms of the fi
:hemis* ; b it ns our object is not to enligh "
nthelenrn d.we therefore disease technical w
erms, and. use language more famli ar. '*
Vegetation is caused not so much "
>y the quantit y of manure mixed in the soil, P'
is by i s nutri'ious qualities. Should all n'
iirmers understand the fact, tba' none of w
he earthy or solid part of mauure enters
nto plants, or in oth'-r word*, that it is only
lih liqui I parts or that portion of manure Ci
vhicli combines or unites with water, which ^
iroduces vegemtion or caus'-s the corn to ''
jrow, thev would then perceive the n-cessi- 11
y of preserving animal manure in vaults, n
in ler cover. The only value which the e
arthy part of the manure has, is to keep s
he soil into which it is ploughed, in a loose, f
- - ? 1? .-4 LI.. 11
lulveriz**! State, so as 10 reuuer u uapaur: >f
retaining, after rains, a greater quantity r<
>f moisuro.
S im? farmers have expressed an op nion, r\
hat the urine of entile promote vegetation "
is much as their manure. But whatever l'
uay be the difference in value, it is surely '
ery important that the urine should be pre- ^
rvrd in vaults mixed with the manure.
In tlr* spring when the manure is conveyed
into the field, it should be ploughed in
mmediately, and spread no fas'er than becomes
necessary for ploughing ; because
it this season the warmth of the sup prodjr.es
a rapid fermentation, the most valuable
rr I quid part of tiie mauure escapes in the
brm of gas, or as it is often expressed, by ^
lporation.
Should a heap of manure at this season ?
Ije covered with earth two feet deep, in a
ihort period the whole mass of earth would
he enriched by the gas, arising from the fer- |
mented manure. Hence the utility of cov. r
-ring fresh barn-yard manure wi h earth,
5 raw, litter, weeds, street and door-yard (
scrapping*, mud from swamps, and all kinds |
of decomposed vegetable matter. Skillful ^
farmers will always make as large a quantity
of compost manure as possible. It is a
J r J
very certain way to enrich a larm ana en- i
sore abundant crops. If these truths are
conceded, then it conclusively follows that
the general prao ice of our fanners in res- i
p?'ct to manure is injudicious They let the
manure lie in largo yards, or the open field, <
exposed to heavy rains and the action of the i
ntmospnere. A large portion of the nutritive
qualities escapes in gas, or is washed i
away by the heavy rainj. The greater the
0 mix in the sn I. Toe sun-si method to
Mirich the soil for future years, is to plough
n the manur". To** roots of ror , extnodng
several feet around the hill, M ill, find
whatever nourishment the soil rontons ;
md it <s far bet er to afford n sufficient sup)!y
when the corn is coming to ma urity.
han iner ly to force the kernel to veget it*
1 few da\s arlier by means of a hot-bed.
Our preceding remarks show toe im>ortance
of covering manure w? II with earta.
irevious to its fermoita ion. (I nee tne
lotnmon prac ice of spreading t:?e manure
ipon the surlaee, an ' harrowing r in,"
s attended wi h grea' loss, as a large porton
will remain ry upon the surface, and
or no other use than to enrich the a mos
here.
Manure bf,ing the life of a farm, ever\
X'Tt.on should be us"d td procure all kinds
X it. Compost, soot, ashes, lime, gypsum,
urnt clay or soft bncks pulver z? d decomposed
vegetable suStances, weeds, leaves
f trees, coarse grass. &e. dtc. will all tend
a fertilize the so l. None are ignorant 'bat
urli as is tnk 'n from the vault*, afford ill-*
routes: quantity of nu rmeiit to plants.
)n fa rifles it ought never to lit* lost. The
ards for swine ought always to bp exeavu*
*i, ?r be in il?? form of a basiri, so that hit
innure, in r chtiess ne*' to t'?e last. should
e preserved in a mom* slate. The sam?*
eiimrk applies to the barn yard tor oiher,
attic, except ihat the latter ought to have
level and dry margin for feeding cattle
ec.ision.tlly. Soon after planting in tic
()rnig, a farmer ought o romm *nce haulig
m o these yards the different substances
'e have enum rated, and any others within
is reach, which can lie converted into maure.
These substances will become inoorra
rated with the m nun* of h" catde, an!
ko absorb th-ir urine and the whole rms*
ill he |e?*8 liable ;o dry u4> and waste in
ie summer season.
A good farmer will be careful to yard Ins
ltile ut night as much ns practicable
(rough 'he warm, and <n the day time, in
i" wmt'-r season. It has been found to tie
pry beneficial to keen the ca'tle yards .n a
loist state by means ofadqueducts. whenver
practicable. In fine season fanners
liould, spare no labor or expense to ob.ain a
lentiful supply of manure to ferihz? the soil,
'he lib' rality to 4* Mother earth" will be
?pjd with equal abundance.
' n 1 ' ?I. I.?i nili!/.k nnn tip
1(1 unpiiinj liOimnj? is nia . win. . .... ?
onvcrted info manure. And some Eng.
sli farmers fertilize their fields, in parf, with
ir* pulverized bon?'S of animals .* and for
lis purpose have hern g*:h? red human
ones from ilie plain Waterloo.
W. Glaugett.
Portsmouth. Jan. 16, 1834.
From the Romney Intelligencer.
greatest known yield of corn.
We ore informed that George C. Huress,
Esq., of Hardy county, raised the
mst season, from one acre of ground, one
undred and seventy eifht bushels of torn.
dr. H. cultivated the same with a vi<*w of
iremium at the approaching agricultural
xhibiiion of Hardy county, and the huskng
and measuring of the corn whs attend,
id to by a disinterested, indigent, and
lighly respectable citizen of Moorefinld.?
Hiis is the most extraordinary yield, from
>ne acre of ground, that we have ever
leard of. Truly, may .the South Branch
Bottoms be termed the "garden spots" ol
liu unmri
H?v UlllVIII
Prom the Farmers' Register.
GREEN CROPS FOR MANURE.
Ewing, N. J., Nov. 5, 1839.
I am pleased with your esa?y on greet;
manuring contained in the September num
b<Tof the Farmer's Register. I top dress,
nd young clover with yard manure las
spring, mowed the first crop the last weft
in June, ploughed in the sod in August
sowed corn the last week in August
ploughed in the corn the last week in Sep
>\ tember, sowed wheat the first week in Oci
tober.* The experiment will not be a fair
. ono for various reasons, 1st, ilie clover was
I killed (with the exception of pitches) by
. the excessive drought of last summer ; 2d,
, the first ploughing and corn sowing was too
late, and in order to lei the corn get top. the
f last ploughing was too late. 1 intend- d to
i have plQughed as soon as the clover was
1 mown, and then sowed my corn; but the
. men who promised to mow for me disnp.
i pointed me, nod 1 was obliged to defer my
i ploughing until baying was over. If I live,
1 intend to try it again next season, and be
in better season if possible. I sowed my
I oats lasj spring -wiih clover j much of it
i has been smothered by the largo crop of
straw.
i I have been thinking that your section of
i country is more favorable far this kind of
expoiimept than th?s place. With you, clover
might he top dressed in the spring,
mowed tho last week in May, or the first in
June, plough up immediately, sow corn,
! one arid a half bushels to the acre, and a.
bout the first of August plough in the corn
and sow millet, nnd about the middle or
September plough in the millet, harrow th"
land, nnd let it remain un'il seed tim?'
(which I suppose to be about the middle of
October wi h you). Hern see I time is the
last we?*k in S ptember and first in October.
I p. opose millet oa account of1 its being a
su'Tuh-nt pJunt of quick growth, partaking
much the nature ofcrrn. nnd a native of a
warm climate, 1 think 'he more succulent
the plant, the more valuable for green manure.
Winter crops should he sown on a
stale furrow, i. e. the land should become
compact or close before sowing; for summer
crops, loose nnd m How.
I think if this system was pursued a few
\pars m success on, the chinch bug nnd
Hessian fly would not destroy our wheat.
Barley i- said to be n better crop to seed
down with grass than oats. I commenced
ploughing mycorn g oUnd for the n< xtsen.
son on th 15 h Octob r ; did in end to
sow rye, nnd plough in the rye next spring,
the last week in April; hut it is folate I
shall give it up. because the rye cannot gel
up enough to do r much good. I am aware
that none of ill's will avail anv thing,
if ibe land is destitute of lime, hut was not
aware of it until f tend your Essay on
Calcareous Manures." I find lime eradicate'*
forrek
Iri my opinion if we wish to irnprovo land
we tnusi return more to it than we take
from it. So long as we take more frnm if
than we return to it, we are exhuusing it,
and so long as we re urn more to it than
we t ke from it, we are improving. A constant
exhaustion will in lime impoverish a.,
ny soil.
it is amusing to hear farmers giving
their opinion on ploughing in green crops.
Some gay that a crop cannot hpnefi' the
land by ploughing it in, utiles* it firs: comes
to perfection or maturity; others, that
rorrkstalks (referring to my corn) give but
little manure, and that of poor quality,
? - :?
oilier* my that I! is loo expensive. i nc
xpent* is he seed nnd sowing. Fifteen
bushels of corn will sow 10 ner*s, and one
man will sow it in one day. It reminds
ni" of \our observation in the ' Essay1
wh'Te you say, " let any thing flew be proposed,
and every one go^a to counting Ihe
expense; while, in regard to old establish.
*d practices, the expense is not even thought
of." One thing thai is practised here is too
exp-nsive, and .hat is, enrting out the yard
manure and lymg t in heaps until fall, and
then misapplying |f? i. c.t to the wrong
rrop, the wuoat; it ia a loss of labor and
manure. E S. IIdnt.
*ln this neighborhood, where clover will
not flourish, corn might be sowed, broad cast,
in the spring; this be bent down and plowed
in with peas early in June, and the peas be
turned in with wheat early in October.
Ed. Gaz.
From the Genesset Farmer.
HOG MANURE.
For aiding the growth of many plants
und parti ulirlv corn, we have never found
any manure the a plication of which pro.
duced such effects ns from the hog pen.?
L ist year we had a field of corn dunged
in the liilll, part of it with alternate Jo/ids of
hog-pen tn inur", and common good s able
m?nuro. Each load planted about five or
or six rows. From the commencement of
their growth, nl1 the ripening of the corn,
the rows manured from the pig pen had
the advantage, and at harvesting they yielded
a much larg r quantity of corn than the
others, though all was excellent. A neighl>or,
the last spring, in planting Irs corn,
used good stu le manure, except for some
few rows, for which the stable manure fall
ing short, lie substituted a load or two from
his hog pen. The difference in thesze of
the corn from the first, was such as to arrest
the attention of every passer by, and
though the year has been unfavorable for
corn, it has given u handsome product compared
with the other. Other instances have
this year fallen under our notice, the results
, of which were precisely similar, and have
* established, in our opinion at least, the superiority
of this manure over every other.
Its greatest cff*ct, however, so far as our
experience or observation has extended, is
pro lucd on soils of a loamy or sandy texture,
and on vegetables that require active
i manures to bring them forward rapidly.
I It appears to us, then, an object of con1
' * 1 1 ..?.t,n<io In lha furnuir ths
' glG'TBDie COIISC^ucuvu ?u UIV num.., ....
I he should avail himself of this resource for
t fertilizing his soil, as far as possible* and
? that methods should be adopted by him to
? preserve and increase the amount at h s
command, as far as may be, and* not allow
the.avails of Iiis pig pen to be lost to the
farm, as is .pot unfrequoptly done. Where
pigs are allowed a small yard to ran ia
from the pen, they may be made to produce
a large quantity of good manure, by
frequent additions to the material in the 0 '
yard, of straw, weeds, turf, muck, or even
good common earth, to absorb the fluid patt
of the manure, and preserve its salts from
escaping. In this frequently renewed mass *
the pigs will love to work; and if any di?inclinatiou
is manifested in them to stir this
iqompost heap, a few handfulsof corn scat*
tered overjho surface, will speedily over*
come it, and set them busily at work, if
the pigs cannot leave the pens, the stye
should be frequently cleaned, and opre
should be taken that the dung sQ.thrown
out is not lost to the premises. A load of
muck, or vegetable mould, #ccastona!!y
mixed with, or thrown upon the heap,.wilt,
when the time for using it in the spring of
the year arrives, be found, from this absorption
of salts, and combination with the mv
nure, an application of much greater value
than common stable manures, for most of
the erops cultivated by the farmer. Fresh
manure of any kind should not be applied
directly to crops of grain ; as ibey are apt
to produce too much straw and endanger
the formation of a good berry. Manure
should be first applied to roots, or to corn,
and grain fallow; by which the danger of
a too rapid growth is avoided.
ESSAY ON B0A8IN0.
from an abstract of the proceedings of the
veterinary Medical Association.
T*t r ii ? P i... *?_ t ri?_
l ntt louowmg ussiv, uy mi . .ramcs vac
tcr, was read;?
ON ROARIXO.
The subject which I am about to introduce
to your notice?Roaring?is of conbiderable
importance, as connected with the
soundness and usefulness of the horse.
Ttie Associa ion is much indeb'ed to Mr.
J. Turner for a novel nnd ingenious theory
of roaring, as caused by obstruction in the
nasal chambers, and illustrated by a caso
which proved that he was right in this in*
stance at least. The opinion which I shall
have the honor of maintaining to-night is,
that it exists in some losion or disease of
the respiratory organs, not discoverable in
ordinary resp ration, but sufficiently manif
st during violent exercise nnd exertion.
Whatever may be the sent or cause of roar,
ing, it diminishes the speed of the animal
and the duration of his services, materially
diminishes his value, nnd constitutes un*
soundness. In some nggrava'ed cases it
has rendered the horse u'torly incapabld of
work ; but other horses, if they are not
pushed too cruelly, do their work as well aa
the soundest horse.
We shall not bo surprised that therespiratory
organs of the horse are subject to va.
rious morbid affections, when we consider
the artificial Habits of life to which we expose
him. Tlu-se hahi's necessarily produce
numerous morbid changes in the res*
piratoryorgans. I shall confinemyself in
the pre-wnt E-say to those which take place ^
in the larynx, trachea, and commencement
of the bronchial passages, and which -art
known among horsemen by the terms
Wheezing, Whistling, Piping, Roaring, and
High-blowing.
Wheezing- This disease, on post-mor,.
lem examinaiion, is invariably found to be
in the lungs. The sound is similar to that
made by an asthmatic person. It may be
heard when the animal is still, or, nt nil
events, when he is urged iO the last exertion,
it is distinctly eudibK
Whistling. The sound is like a rush of
air passing^ through n narrow passage in
the larnyx or trachea. It is not heard wjipn
the animal is in a quiet state, and the fast
means to detect it is to gallop the animal up
u hill.
Piping is, by some, considered synonymous
wi ll whistling; but I am inclined to
think that it should be placed under the
head ot Broken-wind.
High blower. This species of roaring
doe* no: appear to lessen the physical pow.
crs of the animal, although the noise lie produces
is of n loud, irregular, mixed sound.
I imagine this to be dependent on the conformation
of the false nostrils. - ^
Roaring, when once heard, can new afterwards
be mistaken. It is louder and
more boislerous than any of the sounds yfet
mentioned. When his energies are sudden-'
ly and violently exerted, the animal immediately
evinces the mal ady under which he
labors.
I will now proceed to consider the causes
of this affection of the respiratory organs.
Causes. These are either remote or
proximate. The remote are mosily inflammation,
cither acute or chronic, in the
tracheal tube itself. Occasionally it i* produced
by the inflammation of other contiguous
parts, ns of tho salivary glands in strangles,
or the abscesses which occasionally
occur in the vicinity of the pharryax in violent
catarrah. Al'eration in the structure
' - i ?t- ?i .t?
oi me lungs, sucn as ncprmzdiiou, h??j anu
docs produce it. Bony deposit from kicks
or bl*ws on the front of the trachcn tnoy
also be a cause of it j or extraneous sub*
stauces lodged in the cavities leading4o the
trenches. *
The prominent causes may include these
accidental obstructions, but are cnaiqly to
be looked for in the throwing out of partial
or complete bands, which, becoming organized,
form a permanent obstruction. When
it is spread over the larynx, i^iprodoccS,
the wheezing which I have described.?
When it constringes the rtmse glottidis, a
whistling sound is the necessary coase*
qoence, similar to what we often expert