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FARMERS' GAZETTE JMJVD c H E R A W . ' * r-. -' - . - -'*? ? VOLUME V CHERAW. SOUH-CAROLINA, FRIDAY, JANUARY 24, 1840. NUMBER 11. - . m u -mm ? ^ E o i* 0 R A N" 0 PROPRIETOR. x ^ ? ^ m TERMS: If paid within three months, . $3 00 11 pi:J within three months after the close oft he year, ..*.. 3 50 If paid within twelve months after the close of the year, .,.? ?? 4 00 If not paid within that time, ... 5 00 Two new subscribers will be entitled to the paper the first year for five dollars, paid at the " * ** ? -?*kfl/???Karo time otsubscriDing I &DQ nvc nyw Buua^'iiw o for ten dollars paid at the lime of subscribing. No paper to be discontinued but at the option of the editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines, inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty cents, each subsequent insertion. Persons sending in advertisements are requests to specify the number of times they are to be inserted; otherwise they will be continued till ordered out, and charged accordingly. tnrThe Postage, irust be ?*& ? ail commaft W *>* aieations. i 8 * 11 11 i * JRbportof the Committee on Swine, to the New York State Agricultural Society. k r Until recently, very little attention has L been paid to the breads of our farm s ock ; ft and pigs being considered an inferior sp?f cieaof domesticanimals, have been the las' to engage the attention of the farmer; and [ even at the present day in many districts * A of oar country, the old unprofitable kinds of [ this animal con in tie to prevail. Indeed, systematic breeding wi h a view to improve I the form and value of the animal, may be said to have hardly commenced among us, the improvements which are perceptible, be? - rr* .1 a ing rather ine iruus 01 cornopean man American skill. A common error in this country, lias been to regard more the size of the animal, * than its symmetry or good points?to esti. mate a breed according to the preat weight which it could be made to a'tam?rather than the profit with which it would be fi led ?. to the hands of the butcher?the most material point to the farmer. But experience isteachingus a new lesson on this head. Butchers now judge of an animal, not according to its gross weight, but according to the good points, or most valuable meat, which it carries. Breeders have learned to prefer those which, witlm given quantify of food, wihlay on the most meat : And the consumer has learned too, that meat that shows the most solid fut, is nei her the most ? healthy, the most savory, nor the most economical. It is the due admixture of fat and lean, or the prevalence of what is termed fat lean?such as is seen in the Devonshire ox and the South Down sheep?tha gives the greatest value to the butcher's o w meat. ll was lately remarked by an eminent breeder of England Mr. Gray, at an agricultural dinner, that he could feed on nn acre of land, a greater number of pounds of mutton, in carcasses from 18 to 20 lbs. per quarter than in carcasses from 28 to SO lbs. per quarter, and that a quarter of mutton from a sheep of IS to 20 lbs. weight per qr. is worth m<ve ?n proportion than from a sheep of 30 Ihsjper quarter; and that consequently, the advan age is on the side of the smaller carcasses. And he assigned this, among other reasons, that incase of drought or scarcity, a small animal can collect as much food as a larger one, and has ing a smaller carcass it a-rives mom auvmi tage from it; that whilst the larger is losing in condition, the smaller one, if not improv. ing, is remaining stationary ; and when the period arrives at which an abundance of food can be obtained, it almost imm diately reassnmos its position, and is fit to go to market sooner than the larger animal. These remarks ore found to hold good in regard to swine, ns well as sheep. The same quantum of food that will giro 60J pounds to hogs of a very large breed, will fatten two hogs of J)0l) pounds each ; and the meat of the I ittcr, though not so fat, will be of the better quality. This, and other considerations, have given to what is termed the Berkshire, a decided supftrioriiy both in England and America, over most other breeds. The history of the intro Juction of this breed among us, was stated in the report upon swine, made at the last meeting of this society,^ Si nee that time, the demand for this breed of pigs, from almost every state in the Union, has greatly increased, und and prices, in some cases have almost exceeded credulity. Two hundred and fifty, *?? ^ Ctta knnrlrnrl HAL inree nunomj} auu r?m ?!??-> uuii?ivH ?w>lars a pair, have been paid for them. Nor have they been found deficient in weight, when they have had time to mature their growth. They have been fattened to weigh five, six, nnd seven hundred pounds ; and one was brought to this market last week, from Fulton county, eighteen months old, purchased of Judge Buel a little more than one year ago, which weighed, when dressed, 633 lbs. the carcass of which sold in the market at about $55. But it is not the great weight this breed of hogs are brought to, th it gives them their ^ great intrinsic value. Tney are docile quiet, come to early maturity, have bu> little off*!, give a large excellent ham, one of the most valuable pars, sweet, sound and high flavored pork, nnd it is believed, make as great, if not greater returns for the food consumed, than any other breed amongst u?. It is a matter ofcongr.ntulation to the admirer of this breed of hogs, that Mr. L09. sing of this city, has recently imported inree animals of this breed, carefully selected by Mr. Hawes, in England. Th s, it is hoped, will prevent the necessity of breeding in-and -in, and thus preserve to us the breed in its purity. The importance of the value of swine* < with regard to rho consuming of the refuse I or coarse grain of the farm, and production I of manure, is too well known to the farmer < to require further notice. I Pigs that come in March, and are inten- i ded to he killed in December, should be well I fed with the wasu of the kitchen and dairy, I 'ro n th" :imHof weaning, and have a run in i good clover wh*re there is plenty of water, ' and as soon as peas will answer, a small ? quantity added to their feed daily, an I the ! i . ... I n. limit inrruaai> In S'Tl' I ( In corroboration of the high opinion en* tertainnd of this breed of hogs, 1 will s ate, that Col. Willliams. a spirited and wealthy gentleman, residing on Long Island, desirous of proeur ng a superior breed of hogs, Wiote to his friend and agent at Liverpool, to procure or him, without regard >o price, six pigs of iht best breed in England, and to take time and satisfv himself before purchasing. After diligent inquiry, his friend fiually settled on the Berkshire, as hein.' considered, taking all things in'o view, ih" best and most approved breed, and purchased seven, four males and three females, t.eing the entire litter, (the owner refusmgto sell a part.) and forwirdiug fiem to NewYork, where they arrived in O 'toh-r. One ofthe male pigs will i?e fo' warded to the chairman of this committee in the s ling, avhich w II go still flintier to keep the breed from d genera ting. There nreotnergood breeds of hogs in some sections ofthe country, each of which have their advocates and ndm?rers, such us the Bedford or Woburn, M ?ckey, Leices cest'-r. Morho, China, ByfielJ and Grassbreed, as they are termed. Much loss has been sustained by our f?rmers, in not keeping up the purity of bloo t, when possessed ; the importance of wh cli has ben loo little regarded, and before they were aware of it, the good qualities were lost, either by breeding inland in, or by crossing with inferior animals. As regards the choice of hogs for breeding, it is recommend'd that the male should be small headed, deep and broad in the c.iest, the clime rather archtd, the ribs and barn I well rounded, and the hams falling - ? ft full down nearly 10 the dock. no nhuhhj also be more compacnn liis form, nnd rath, er smaller than the females, for it she be coarse, her progeny will be improved m form and fl sli by the cross, nnd the more roomy she js, the bettor chance will si.? afford of producing a hrg^and hoahhy li:t< r. Respecting her make, no other observation need be mad than to choose h'Ttif a deep and capacious body with* good appearance, nnd belong i g to as good a race us can be lound. The. boar should be well fed, and when >oung, used spar ugly. The saw should also be kept in good condition, so us to support offspring, but should not be mude too fat; for if in very high order she will probably bring but a week and indifferent lit'or 1 of pigs. She sliou'd not be allowed to farrow in the winter, as the young are fb**t? extiemely tender, and of all animals the least able 10 endure cold, and thrivwi h great d fficulty. Tne months ol i Vlarcb and the fiist of for the spring , | and the months of Augus* nnd September. | for the fall lit ers, are therefore to be prefer- i red for farrowing. , When tho breeders possess a good kind | of stock, they are too apt to follow it up, b\ | breeding what is termed a in and in" win , the saint; family ; a practice winch is woh ( known cannot be successfully persevered , in. lor tliey will become bud feeders, gro* , delicate, *tli ofF in s Z", and almost entiie! v i give up breeding ; and should they Casu.ilK | have a litter, the pigs wiil be small, weak I | and die almost as soon as they are born. , I not unfrequently happens, ihar a young ( sow will devour her voung; she should, ? therefore, be carefully watched, and well fed, , when about to farrow, whi h m iy be known ( by her currying straw in her mouth, about i to form h?*r bed. It is a good precau ion to ? sponge the backs of the pigs immediately after they are born, with a strong infuson | of aloes, in luke-warm wn'er, as its bitter f tas e will prevent her from destroying them ; ( care should also be tak?'n before farrowing t >o sep irate her from other hogs. Sheshould i have a dry and warm place, and he provid. j ed with a good supply of straw cut short, * to prevent the pigs from g-tiing entangled, j in which case she is apt to lay on and kill f ihcm. To protect the pigs, an open frame t or strong rail on each side of her, elevated i a few inches from the ground, under which ? he pigs may run, has been recommended, i Eight or ten days alter farrowing, the sow ^ may bo allowed to leave her slye for a short <. time every day, and when the pigs acquire c n little strength, they may accompany her. A grass fHd is the best place, fo- the her- t bage imp oves the sow's milk ; the pigs * grow faster as well as more healthy, nnu r the stye is rendered more sweet by their ab. y sence. If the brood be numerous, they ( should be lessened, in order t > relieve the sow, to eight or at most nine : though from ? ten to thirteen have been brought up in per- i feet order, without any apparent injury to ( the mother. In such cases, however, she { s ould be a strong and healthy animal, as y well as supplied with an abundance of the < most nuiriuous food. During the whole pe. I riod of her nursing, the offds of the kitchen i or dairy wash, with ship stuffs, ground oats, barley, buckwh'ai or corn, mixed and given I lukewarm, morning and evening, and with s a I ttlo Indian meal or peas and barley | ground and mixed, orsornetlung equally nu- i trutou9. < The young pigs while sucklers, should < not be left wholly to the nourishment offered i by the sow, hut should be furnished, wo or < three times a day, with skim milk, or butter-whoy or pot liquor, made lukewarm, a id having a little meal, shorts and boiled roots, mixed up with it: or if this he though t o troublesome, skim-milk, with a small quantity of ineal may he left constantly for them, in a part of the stye to which the sow cannot have acess. In six or seven weeks, tuey will generally weigh from thirty to thir y-five pounds and be strong enough to wean. Affir warning they should not only be kept dry and clean, but regularly fed. ' 4+' I exposure tcHhe atmosphere, the gieater the los Therefore flie practice of carting oui the harn.g?fd manure in the fall, and >pr?aJing it in email heaps Upon the soil intended For ploughing tn the spring, is still more censurable, But lie* fali manure is often cnr. ted into the fields and deposited in one 01 two large heaps, to rot, for the purpose ol manuring the corn and po ato lulls in the spring; and stcange as it may seem, many ild farmers yet believe that old rotted mature promotes vegetation better than fresh tr unfermented manure ? They appear tc i.nornnt of the fact, thai the longer man. ire rem iins exposed to rot. :h? less nutriment, or food for the plants it retains ; ?ind he morej it b comes assimilated to mere mirth. To pu' either fresh or ro'ted m in ire in he bill, in the season of planting potatoes ind,.rhch, as a general practice, is injudi. ?ious.?-Hut l.alf the quantity of fresh.unferneiited manure, in the lull, w- II mixed in ;he soil, Would afford probably more nutriment than double tne quanti y of old rotted manure. The motsfnre, necessary to vegetation, conveyed to the mats of young trc s, or lie corn, oro.ner plants, through the modijm of ear'fi. If any light or dry material is in eon act with lie roots, i' tends to cjt otl he regular and natural supply of wafer, and he plant must either extend its roots through lie dry substance to draw its supply of rnoi. Uure, or else become feeble, and perhaps aerish. II< nee, l a dry season, more paricularly manuring in the "hill, ofen proves I'ery injurious to the grorlh of plants. If manuring he corn hdl is ever judicious, i; s only on h cold, moist and sterile so l, or i*arded land deeply ploughed, w ere a far mer has not a sufficiont quan ity of manure IJUi'l III IIV lll' l C7<ISC<? as mi ^ iiiviiiu? ? , hs fued ng an ! fattening hugs exclusively on ' corn, at tie present high prices, it is evident 1 to every one, would be a losing and ruinous i concern. It is therefore recomm nded, I that ns soon as the harvesting of po atoes i commences, the hogs should be confined and f- d with boiled or s'eamed potato a i with r (cw pumpkins* beef* or Carrots ; and i peai, oats and buckwheat, ground toge.her, ( should be well mixed, when hot, and f-d luke* i warm, regular!, three times per day. Great I care should be taken not to cloy their np- i p-tites, by feeding more than-hey will eut i at each time, and as thev advance, it is re. commended to feed hem a lit le at a time, i several times in the day. To keep them t easy and quiet, mueti depends on regularity, t f?r they keep much better time than many i are aware of. I To hard'-n and give solidity to their flesh, I aboCit two or three weeks previous to their t slaughtering, they should be plentifully fe I ? with corn and pure water, hut it would be j more economical io have the corn reduced t to meal, and if convenient made into inu^li t or pudding, adding a little salt by way ol i relish. A small quantity of fine charcoal i thrown in o their pens occasionally, and a * small quantity f sulphur, mixed with the ? lood, will add much to their health. t It li.?s been ascertained that one bushel ? orgrain. grourd and cook'-d, will go nearly i as far as two, m its whole state. 7 he above I remarks will apply equally well to grown ' hogs. > M ?rch pigs, well fattened weighing from f 200 to 250 |H>unds and killed in December, 1 will coimi) nd in this m irket the highest ;i price ; bn for consu i lion on the farm, an old? r and larger hog is recommended, say y ironi 300 to 40 t pounds. I Hogs treated as abovp, if of n good breed, c will require from six to eight weeks to fatten I them suflScien ly for slaught ring. n C.N. BR ME NT, Chairman* i From the Northern Farmer. f MANUIt BS. P Manures to a farm ar?' whit blond is to he hum n body. The first object of o far- '' Tier should he to obtain, and preserve in the 0 >est manner, a'l the vege'ahle and compos1 'J li inures, which can b" made upon his farm, P >r procured elsewhere; hut unless properly 0 ireterved much of his I ibor is was ed and . - j i ps IIS 1'in IS ar?' inw pru?m? |i?c7? i .... | nents have r.l'-nrly proved that tnn nrrinu ? c ?f cuttle pres rved under cover or in vaults * ind t b-ros, possess- ? a third more value >' ?i leant, than the same kind which has re- u named exposed to rains and he aetion of n tie atmosptiere. This will not he doubted ' ?y any one who has any correct information r< ipon t'?e suhject or lies by experiment as- c vrtained the difTrenre. We cannot well xpluin the reason ot th s great difference, ? ivithnut edopting the style anO terms of the fi :hemis* ; b it ns our object is not to enligh " nthelenrn d.we therefore disease technical w erms, and. use language more famli ar. '* Vegetation is caused not so much " >y the quantit y of manure mixed in the soil, P' is by i s nutri'ious qualities. Should all n' iirmers understand the fact, tba' none of w he earthy or solid part of mauure enters nto plants, or in oth'-r word*, that it is only lih liqui I parts or that portion of manure Ci vhicli combines or unites with water, which ^ iroduces vegemtion or caus'-s the corn to '' jrow, thev would then perceive the n-cessi- 11 y of preserving animal manure in vaults, n in ler cover. The only value which the e arthy part of the manure has, is to keep s he soil into which it is ploughed, in a loose, f - - ? 1? .-4 LI.. 11 lulveriz**! State, so as 10 reuuer u uapaur: >f retaining, after rains, a greater quantity r< >f moisuro. S im? farmers have expressed an op nion, r\ hat the urine of entile promote vegetation " is much as their manure. But whatever l' uay be the difference in value, it is surely ' ery important that the urine should be pre- ^ rvrd in vaults mixed with the manure. In tlr* spring when the manure is conveyed into the field, it should be ploughed in mmediately, and spread no fas'er than becomes necessary for ploughing ; because it this season the warmth of the sup prodjr.es a rapid fermentation, the most valuable rr I quid part of tiie mauure escapes in the brm of gas, or as it is often expressed, by ^ lporation. Should a heap of manure at this season ? Ije covered with earth two feet deep, in a ihort period the whole mass of earth would he enriched by the gas, arising from the fer- | mented manure. Hence the utility of cov. r -ring fresh barn-yard manure wi h earth, 5 raw, litter, weeds, street and door-yard ( scrapping*, mud from swamps, and all kinds | of decomposed vegetable matter. Skillful ^ farmers will always make as large a quantity of compost manure as possible. It is a J r J very certain way to enrich a larm ana en- i sore abundant crops. If these truths are conceded, then it conclusively follows that the general prao ice of our fanners in res- i p?'ct to manure is injudicious They let the manure lie in largo yards, or the open field, < exposed to heavy rains and the action of the i ntmospnere. A large portion of the nutritive qualities escapes in gas, or is washed i away by the heavy rainj. The greater the 0 mix in the sn I. Toe sun-si method to Mirich the soil for future years, is to plough n the manur". To** roots of ror , extnodng several feet around the hill, M ill, find whatever nourishment the soil rontons ; md it <s far bet er to afford n sufficient sup)!y when the corn is coming to ma urity. han iner ly to force the kernel to veget it* 1 few da\s arlier by means of a hot-bed. Our preceding remarks show toe im>ortance of covering manure w? II with earta. irevious to its fermoita ion. (I nee tne lotnmon prac ice of spreading t:?e manure ipon the surlaee, an ' harrowing r in," s attended wi h grea' loss, as a large porton will remain ry upon the surface, and or no other use than to enrich the a mos here. Manure bf,ing the life of a farm, ever\ X'Tt.on should be us"d td procure all kinds X it. Compost, soot, ashes, lime, gypsum, urnt clay or soft bncks pulver z? d decomposed vegetable suStances, weeds, leaves f trees, coarse grass. &e. dtc. will all tend a fertilize the so l. None are ignorant 'bat urli as is tnk 'n from the vault*, afford ill-* routes: quantity of nu rmeiit to plants. )n fa rifles it ought never to lit* lost. The ards for swine ought always to bp exeavu* *i, ?r be in il?? form of a basiri, so that hit innure, in r chtiess ne*' to t'?e last. should e preserved in a mom* slate. The sam?* eiimrk applies to the barn yard tor oiher, attic, except ihat the latter ought to have level and dry margin for feeding cattle ec.ision.tlly. Soon after planting in tic ()rnig, a farmer ought o romm *nce haulig m o these yards the different substances 'e have enum rated, and any others within is reach, which can lie converted into maure. These substances will become inoorra rated with the m nun* of h" catde, an! ko absorb th-ir urine and the whole rms* ill he |e?*8 liable ;o dry u4> and waste in ie summer season. A good farmer will be careful to yard Ins ltile ut night as much ns practicable (rough 'he warm, and <n the day time, in i" wmt'-r season. It has been found to tie pry beneficial to keen the ca'tle yards .n a loist state by means ofadqueducts. whenver practicable. In fine season fanners liould, spare no labor or expense to ob.ain a lentiful supply of manure to ferihz? the soil, 'he lib' rality to 4* Mother earth" will be ?pjd with equal abundance. ' n 1 ' ?I. I.?i nili!/.k nnn tip 1(1 unpiiinj liOimnj? is nia . win. . .... ? onvcrted info manure. And some Eng. sli farmers fertilize their fields, in parf, with ir* pulverized bon?'S of animals .* and for lis purpose have hern g*:h? red human ones from ilie plain Waterloo. W. Glaugett. Portsmouth. Jan. 16, 1834. From the Romney Intelligencer. greatest known yield of corn. We ore informed that George C. Huress, Esq., of Hardy county, raised the mst season, from one acre of ground, one undred and seventy eifht bushels of torn. dr. H. cultivated the same with a vi<*w of iremium at the approaching agricultural xhibiiion of Hardy county, and the huskng and measuring of the corn whs attend, id to by a disinterested, indigent, and lighly respectable citizen of Moorefinld.? Hiis is the most extraordinary yield, from >ne acre of ground, that we have ever leard of. Truly, may .the South Branch Bottoms be termed the "garden spots" ol liu unmri H?v UlllVIII Prom the Farmers' Register. GREEN CROPS FOR MANURE. Ewing, N. J., Nov. 5, 1839. I am pleased with your esa?y on greet; manuring contained in the September num b<Tof the Farmer's Register. I top dress, nd young clover with yard manure las spring, mowed the first crop the last weft in June, ploughed in the sod in August sowed corn the last week in August ploughed in the corn the last week in Sep >\ tember, sowed wheat the first week in Oci tober.* The experiment will not be a fair . ono for various reasons, 1st, ilie clover was I killed (with the exception of pitches) by . the excessive drought of last summer ; 2d, , the first ploughing and corn sowing was too late, and in order to lei the corn get top. the f last ploughing was too late. 1 intend- d to i have plQughed as soon as the clover was 1 mown, and then sowed my corn; but the . men who promised to mow for me disnp. i pointed me, nod 1 was obliged to defer my i ploughing until baying was over. If I live, 1 intend to try it again next season, and be in better season if possible. I sowed my I oats lasj spring -wiih clover j much of it i has been smothered by the largo crop of straw. i I have been thinking that your section of i country is more favorable far this kind of expoiimept than th?s place. With you, clover might he top dressed in the spring, mowed tho last week in May, or the first in June, plough up immediately, sow corn, ! one arid a half bushels to the acre, and a. bout the first of August plough in the corn and sow millet, nnd about the middle or September plough in the millet, harrow th" land, nnd let it remain un'il seed tim?' (which I suppose to be about the middle of October wi h you). Hern see I time is the last we?*k in S ptember and first in October. I p. opose millet oa account of1 its being a su'Tuh-nt pJunt of quick growth, partaking much the nature ofcrrn. nnd a native of a warm climate, 1 think 'he more succulent the plant, the more valuable for green manure. Winter crops should he sown on a stale furrow, i. e. the land should become compact or close before sowing; for summer crops, loose nnd m How. I think if this system was pursued a few \pars m success on, the chinch bug nnd Hessian fly would not destroy our wheat. Barley i- said to be n better crop to seed down with grass than oats. I commenced ploughing mycorn g oUnd for the n< xtsen. son on th 15 h Octob r ; did in end to sow rye, nnd plough in the rye next spring, the last week in April; hut it is folate I shall give it up. because the rye cannot gel up enough to do r much good. I am aware that none of ill's will avail anv thing, if ibe land is destitute of lime, hut was not aware of it until f tend your Essay on Calcareous Manures." I find lime eradicate'* forrek Iri my opinion if we wish to irnprovo land we tnusi return more to it than we take from it. So long as we take more frnm if than we return to it, we are exhuusing it, and so long as we re urn more to it than we t ke from it, we are improving. A constant exhaustion will in lime impoverish a., ny soil. it is amusing to hear farmers giving their opinion on ploughing in green crops. Some gay that a crop cannot hpnefi' the land by ploughing it in, utiles* it firs: comes to perfection or maturity; others, that rorrkstalks (referring to my corn) give but little manure, and that of poor quality, ? - :? oilier* my that I! is loo expensive. i nc xpent* is he seed nnd sowing. Fifteen bushels of corn will sow 10 ner*s, and one man will sow it in one day. It reminds ni" of \our observation in the ' Essay1 wh'Te you say, " let any thing flew be proposed, and every one go^a to counting Ihe expense; while, in regard to old establish. *d practices, the expense is not even thought of." One thing thai is practised here is too exp-nsive, and .hat is, enrting out the yard manure and lymg t in heaps until fall, and then misapplying |f? i. c.t to the wrong rrop, the wuoat; it ia a loss of labor and manure. E S. IIdnt. *ln this neighborhood, where clover will not flourish, corn might be sowed, broad cast, in the spring; this be bent down and plowed in with peas early in June, and the peas be turned in with wheat early in October. Ed. Gaz. From the Genesset Farmer. HOG MANURE. For aiding the growth of many plants und parti ulirlv corn, we have never found any manure the a plication of which pro. duced such effects ns from the hog pen.? L ist year we had a field of corn dunged in the liilll, part of it with alternate Jo/ids of hog-pen tn inur", and common good s able m?nuro. Each load planted about five or or six rows. From the commencement of their growth, nl1 the ripening of the corn, the rows manured from the pig pen had the advantage, and at harvesting they yielded a much larg r quantity of corn than the others, though all was excellent. A neighl>or, the last spring, in planting Irs corn, used good stu le manure, except for some few rows, for which the stable manure fall ing short, lie substituted a load or two from his hog pen. The difference in thesze of the corn from the first, was such as to arrest the attention of every passer by, and though the year has been unfavorable for corn, it has given u handsome product compared with the other. Other instances have this year fallen under our notice, the results , of which were precisely similar, and have * established, in our opinion at least, the superiority of this manure over every other. Its greatest cff*ct, however, so far as our experience or observation has extended, is pro lucd on soils of a loamy or sandy texture, and on vegetables that require active i manures to bring them forward rapidly. I It appears to us, then, an object of con1 ' * 1 1 ..?.t,n<io In lha furnuir ths ' glG'TBDie COIISC^ucuvu ?u UIV num.., .... I he should avail himself of this resource for t fertilizing his soil, as far as possible* and ? that methods should be adopted by him to ? preserve and increase the amount at h s command, as far as may be, and* not allow the.avails of Iiis pig pen to be lost to the farm, as is .pot unfrequoptly done. Where pigs are allowed a small yard to ran ia from the pen, they may be made to produce a large quantity of good manure, by frequent additions to the material in the 0 ' yard, of straw, weeds, turf, muck, or even good common earth, to absorb the fluid patt of the manure, and preserve its salts from escaping. In this frequently renewed mass * the pigs will love to work; and if any di?inclinatiou is manifested in them to stir this iqompost heap, a few handfulsof corn scat* tered overjho surface, will speedily over* come it, and set them busily at work, if the pigs cannot leave the pens, the stye should be frequently cleaned, and opre should be taken that the dung sQ.thrown out is not lost to the premises. A load of muck, or vegetable mould, #ccastona!!y mixed with, or thrown upon the heap,.wilt, when the time for using it in the spring of the year arrives, be found, from this absorption of salts, and combination with the mv nure, an application of much greater value than common stable manures, for most of the erops cultivated by the farmer. Fresh manure of any kind should not be applied directly to crops of grain ; as ibey are apt to produce too much straw and endanger the formation of a good berry. Manure should be first applied to roots, or to corn, and grain fallow; by which the danger of a too rapid growth is avoided. ESSAY ON B0A8IN0. from an abstract of the proceedings of the veterinary Medical Association. T*t r ii ? P i... *?_ t ri?_ l ntt louowmg ussiv, uy mi . .ramcs vac tcr, was read;? ON ROARIXO. The subject which I am about to introduce to your notice?Roaring?is of conbiderable importance, as connected with the soundness and usefulness of the horse. Ttie Associa ion is much indeb'ed to Mr. J. Turner for a novel nnd ingenious theory of roaring, as caused by obstruction in the nasal chambers, and illustrated by a caso which proved that he was right in this in* stance at least. The opinion which I shall have the honor of maintaining to-night is, that it exists in some losion or disease of the respiratory organs, not discoverable in ordinary resp ration, but sufficiently manif st during violent exercise nnd exertion. Whatever may be the sent or cause of roar, ing, it diminishes the speed of the animal and the duration of his services, materially diminishes his value, nnd constitutes un* soundness. In some nggrava'ed cases it has rendered the horse u'torly incapabld of work ; but other horses, if they are not pushed too cruelly, do their work as well aa the soundest horse. We shall not bo surprised that therespiratory organs of the horse are subject to va. rious morbid affections, when we consider the artificial Habits of life to which we expose him. Tlu-se hahi's necessarily produce numerous morbid changes in the res* piratoryorgans. I shall confinemyself in the pre-wnt E-say to those which take place ^ in the larynx, trachea, and commencement of the bronchial passages, and which -art known among horsemen by the terms Wheezing, Whistling, Piping, Roaring, and High-blowing. Wheezing- This disease, on post-mor,. lem examinaiion, is invariably found to be in the lungs. The sound is similar to that made by an asthmatic person. It may be heard when the animal is still, or, nt nil events, when he is urged iO the last exertion, it is distinctly eudibK Whistling. The sound is like a rush of air passing^ through n narrow passage in the larnyx or trachea. It is not heard wjipn the animal is in a quiet state, and the fast means to detect it is to gallop the animal up u hill. Piping is, by some, considered synonymous wi ll whistling; but I am inclined to think that it should be placed under the head ot Broken-wind. High blower. This species of roaring doe* no: appear to lessen the physical pow. crs of the animal, although the noise lie produces is of n loud, irregular, mixed sound. I imagine this to be dependent on the conformation of the false nostrils. - ^ Roaring, when once heard, can new afterwards be mistaken. It is louder and more boislerous than any of the sounds yfet mentioned. When his energies are sudden-' ly and violently exerted, the animal immediately evinces the mal ady under which he labors. I will now proceed to consider the causes of this affection of the respiratory organs. Causes. These are either remote or proximate. The remote are mosily inflammation, cither acute or chronic, in the tracheal tube itself. Occasionally it i* produced by the inflammation of other contiguous parts, ns of tho salivary glands in strangles, or the abscesses which occasionally occur in the vicinity of the pharryax in violent catarrah. Al'eration in the structure ' - i ?t- ?i .t? oi me lungs, sucn as ncprmzdiiou, h??j anu docs produce it. Bony deposit from kicks or bl*ws on the front of the trachcn tnoy also be a cause of it j or extraneous sub* stauces lodged in the cavities leading4o the trenches. * The prominent causes may include these accidental obstructions, but are cnaiqly to be looked for in the throwing out of partial or complete bands, which, becoming organized, form a permanent obstruction. When it is spread over the larynx, i^iprodoccS, the wheezing which I have described.? When it constringes the rtmse glottidis, a whistling sound is the necessary coase* qoence, similar to what we often expert