Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, January 17, 1840, Image 1
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H S
SOUTHERN COMPENDIUM
of Literature, Agriculture, jlrts and
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Under the above title it is proposed to
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THE SOUTHERN COMPENDIUM a
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Terms.?THE SOUTHERN COM. ,
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JOHN D. LEGARE.
Charleston, S. C. December, 1889.
4BM
. i jv: n c.
CHERAW.
CONDITION OF HACKS, CLIPPING,
&c.
Whatever purpose ihe horse may bo re
quired for, unless he is ia condition he is o
very little i alue ; however well he may hi
bred, however qut?k he may bo in his paces
sali* in his action, well broken and pleasan
to ride, he will lose his speed, his safety, and
with these failings, that willing dispositiot
generally denominated being "pleasant tc
ride." if he is wanting in the sine qun non?
' condition. Many casual observers mnj
fancy that if the animal is tired he is equally
unpleasant to rde whether he be in condi
lion or not ; but this is not the case; t
welUbred hack?and nobody dreams o
riding one which is not so in these days c
galloping and steain?if in condition, wil
go to ttie last with a degree of alacrity anr
pleasure to himself and to his r.der wbir*r
lie cannot do if over-fut, or if he is weal*
and emaciated.
In my application of the word condition
I do not mean to express by it 'hat the am.
mal is to be overloaded w ith fi sh?an in.
dispensable qualification wi:h many per.
sons, especially in the great metropolis
whereyou canno: d spose of your qnafrup'-ti
if desirous to do so, unless h* be as (at as a
Stnitnfiold ox. It may be set down as ar
unexceptionable fact, that he cannot work
in that stale, he may look more handsome
to parade in the park or the streets ol
town : and, if that be the only purpose foi
which he is required by all means the fat let
ho is the better. But this is not the s? rvic?
for which the animal Hucli I am about tc
notice is wan'ed : Ins occupations will fx
very different; he is employed in carrying
his master to covert in t?e winter, and, or
intermediate days, in performing such journ?
eys as pleasure or business may p'quiro.?
Whilst the race-horse during the winter
seas n is allowed many induliencms which
cannot be conceded o trim in the summer;
:?nrt rh? sum ricr'n irs ufFirds the hunter H
relaxation from actual work, wli cli his great
exertions during he water seaso.i claim as
a prerogative for him; the services of the
hacK are in constant requisition?lie may
be said never to be at rest. It follows that
his condition ought to be attended to, in order
th.t lie may be enabled to perform hia
tasK; and there is no earthly reason why
he should not be a t nded to with systema ic
care. Many men compl tin that they
cannot procure goo I hacks. mid that they
cannot get them to stand their work for any
length of time; this arises Irom want of
condition and proper attention.
Prefe ring the independence of riding on
horseback to the restrictions of a stagecoach,
I have always had in my possession
a hack to carry me from o ie part of th"
country to anot >er ; and even when journeys
of one hundred and fifty or two hundred
miles have been before me, I hive usually
performed them on horseback. Now that
railroads have in so many parts superceded
the coiches, and as th-y-appearto he increasing
in their innovations, it will be more
than ever important 'o possess a good hack.
To me the loco mo ive steam engine is the
greatest abominution : on the railway you
1 " ? A - ?
are conveyed iro n one puce iu mmnir.
like a prisoner ; you are scarcely allowed
to ihink for yourself.* the Directors, in their
bountiful kindness, having prec^d-d you by
their "bettor judgment," and have formed a
code of laws for your observance and their
interest to be in force from the moment of
your entering their establishment to that of
your ieaving tt. Their restrictions can ?ure>
ly never be by choice submitted to by an
Englishman possessing his health, the use
of his limbs, and a good hack.
Without offering a dry and uninteresting
detail of the requisito course to bo iidopted
to get a hack into condition?a subject
which lias already been very ably dilated
upon by former correspondents in this work,
and which every man having an ordinary
knowledge of horses ought to bo conversant
with--! shall not pass over a few remarks
which, with most persons, are n?'g!ec.ed in
the treatment of their harks.
It very frequently happens that a person,
when ho has purchased a hack, finds that
he is wofully out of condition ; but not being
willing to afford time for that great desiderutum
to be accomplished, lie puis him
to work thoughtlessly observing he is but
a hack, and whenever his services are re.
quired they must be brought forth. By
this treatment the poor brute never becomes
fit ; ho is overdone, and will not feed
he is in that state called upon to perform
what tiis powers are unequal to. and lie *s
cond-mned as worthless, dejected, weak,
and ill: he is again disposed of. or continues
to be us?hJ witb crudity, because he is considered
of no value: and this 1 am sorty to
to remark is too frequently ib? case.
NV.ien a tiuck is once go: in condition, a
in?Kierai?; siiaie of attention will k'*ep h m
so. It will, how ver, be as well 10 make
myself clearly undersood how I in- an the
term to b? applied. He should bo free from
superfluous fa\ very lull of muscle, and Ins
body net lier distended to excess, nor drawn
as tiae, us if he were going to race. All
animals to undergo laborious exertion must
be rather light than o herwise ; plethora is
incompa ible with activity. I would rathm
have my hack looking what may l?e termed
too light than to<? lusy, providing he is ful
of good ke *p and in s rung work. If t
horse in strong work he will seld ?m be tot
fat, Mr. R. Tattersall, Jun. made a re
mark to me some time since, which, al
though :t wusineHy a casual observation
I consider was ra'her complimentary as re.
garded the general condition of m\ horses
1 was riding a little thorough-bred mare
which I had been using as my. hack foi
fy
E R S'
H E RJi W .
??????? ?art?
SOUTH-CAROLINA, FRII
WMMWWTI M nriiTrriBoiniw iw? I'IMSMW
some time, when he observed, Why, your s
horses always look as if they were in train, r
. ing." Accustomed as he is to seeing so h
f many horses made up for sale, and the ?
? generality of London horses so overfull of li
t i fl sh, a h ick in the trim that I always de- u
i ! sire ;o have mine would doubtlessupp-ar to
him almost m raring condition. Ii
j Alihoiigi I am aware hat I shall have fi
> to encounter a host of objec ors, especi dlv |
nmnnirsl those of tbe Old School, I am (Je. h
" ?
t cidedlv in fivor of keeping hacks warm. I* h
f is obvious to every oil" in the least dogre? b
ncquain'ed wi'h the habits and constitution F
, of the horse, that he looks best and is in the i
f most h-al'hy state in warm weather, conae- t
f quently lie can then perform the mo9t la. y
| bor; not, let me explain myself, th?l I if
I would select one of the ho test d ?ys in d
, summer .?? Mie day of all others to peq??rui
a long journey * bu I would, if possible, b
I have a moderately Warm day, pr**c- ded by n
days of equal temperature, if our change., il
ah!'* climate would permit me, upon the a
principle that the animal's health would in a
all probability be at its best. t
The nearer we foliow Nature in the treat- n
| ment of animals the better; an' I contend
{ that keepmg horses in cold and exposed v
, situations is a a violation of toe I ?ws of n
> N .tore, Tne blfMuLburse origin div came j?
, from ft .stern climates, uh"re ih temp'Tj- ri
f ture 's dry and warm; and although he .$ g
r ;o a certain cx ent na ur thzed to th s rlun ue, n
P liiere can tic no doub the nearer'lie fin. 1
. penture m ?v he to thai of his j.rimi iv? soil ?
, the better will his health be. tl
. Toe vine, it is true, wid prow and pro ii
, luce graprs in the open ?ir in his com rv.
, out not in thai abundance, siz-*. quail v, or l)
, fl ivor as ii does in warmer ciim oes, or
. when protected bv the shelter of a hot h
house. Those who object to having their
, hacks kept warm <rgue ihnt at tun-8 tliev b
, are inevitably exposed to a cold st ?ble, and u
, ih ?t such a change will !>e p o luefve of i
catarrh, infl mun ition, and various other a
diseases. This is an vi; no so tr-qu 'irly t<
to he encountered as for nerly : stables are a
, more comfort?bl v cons ructed th ui the - t'
us'(J to he; and f a done r invit ttiou or ti
other social visit exposes he hack o a 'em s1
j porary asylum in a cold sinble. a rug or u
i?vn. up rvi n ,i blanket, can surelv be found n
to k?-ep lirn warm vvnlsi hi* master enjoy-' r<
uinsHf at tli? fes tve board. Iirf^nJ, if ? ? p
envelopment can be procured, I am co i
vineed the animal will not b" so susccp'ib!" r
o' coIJ, although accustomed :o warmth at I
home, as he will b-' if kepi loocnol. and lor this
ira-on? ?r wil b-* liner m h'scoat, an-i *
from the beneficial rcsul of eond lion, li? b
w.ll bo dry ; whereas a horse wi h a long b
coat, and ouf of cond lion, has a gartn nt *
like a wet blanket, with a languid circul
iion, insuffi i nt to create that evaporation t
uecesssary to rend rlh" horse dry, and the c<
perspiration will be s'^n hanging to the w
point of almost every hair on h?s body.* g
For this reason the operation of Clipping, a
unl- as a horse possesses a short and fine hi
cou? during the winter season. n?-v' r ough- *?
1 ' - ' :*? nn < !?? # rnvton CI
to he negieciea, ror mt*ru is uw ?k..r
of horses to whom it is generally speaking, w
more essentia! than for h:?eks.. I can speak C'
of its advanfag s from experience, and will F
rela'e one or wo circumstances which came '
under iny own observation. g
Several years since a pony m*?re, which ft
I rode as hack, was in the winter invariably P1
afflicted with a cough ; she had an exceed, h
' ingly long coat, which did not dry af;er di
work for several hours: the fashion of
clipping bei g in reduced, 1 had that ope- ft
ruion performed, and 1 was no longer 'li
tcazed by the cough : soe would dry in a hi
very short time, and most unquestionably ^
stood her work better than before. Sin
was used for thirteen successive years, and p<
is now living, at the age of twenty-two, al- ?i
though not in my possession; but this is ?
pretty good evidence (aat her constitution w
was not injured.*!' hi
The most convincing proof of horses not a
being so subject to take cold as many p-T. w
sons imagine, is evidenced by an event P'
which happened to mo last winier. 1 had b<
had my hack clipped, and only three days
afterwards, returning home across u large qi
park nbout six o'clock of one of the darkest ?'
evenings I ever encountered, I got out of 'a
the road amongst some trees, the branches w
of which pulled me off, and my horse got 01
away from me. It was a very cold frosty M
night in December, and, being unable to ft
catch the mare, she remained out all night. W
Although accustomed to a warm stable, she 'o
i to k no cold whatever?a trifling infl^m- hi
tnation ..f the trachea, arising from the in- b'
spira 1011 of the cold and foggy atmosphere, 01
being the only ill effects she rec ived, and
which was removed in a few days by the
application of a s i nuking limine it 'O the hi
part tiff'cted. It w is unquestionably owing b
fo her h iving been clipped that she escaped s<
IK
1 * rhts pholosophy, like very much of what ;t
i is constantly met with even among intelligent
men, has no inundation in nature. It is rot ^
the horses circulation that cause* the evaporation
or his sweat. The horse in bad condi- .w
' (ion oecomee wet with sweat sooner than the ,a
i j one in g ,od condition, not because the evapo- si
i ; ration fr..n the Jatter is greater; but because p
tlie former, owing to dcodity, sweats more o
I when actively exercised. Ed Gaz. |<
' fit may be true that horses often rode or ^
i worked 60 hard in winter as to become wet w
> with sweat, would be more comfortable when ii
. clipped. That is they would suffer less from ;!
. j being deprived of the coat of lia'r which nature f \
j provides as a protectien against the cold, than t|
' froin wearing this coat wet. But tb*y still
' i suffer from being clipped. Nature provides no .
animal with a thicker coat of hair id win- 1
? ter than is necessary to its comfort an 1 best 8
: health. Ed. Gaz. i
6AZ
AD r E R T
>AY EVENING, JANUAIO
n oa.si'y ; her coat was d*y, which it would pa
lot havo been but for that operation. A us,
iorse encompassed by a volume of perspir. am
tion with which a Ion? coat issnt.irved is coi
ko :i man wi ll wet clothes on, und the sit.
I'fflon of bo h is dangerous. cla
It is no merely the fact of a clipped horse of
eing s ? much sooner dressed on his fiurn | thn
?me, and the savin? of labor to the strap- am
e \ as well as t'-e in Teased period which qu<
thereby obtains for rest, but li can do pui
is work so much morn easily to himself, I hi
" cause he docs not sweat so profuselv.? ria
tfo one would tiiink of riding a hack in a lim
j II suit of clothing: a long coat has much ho<
he same effect, with this disadvantage, that gei
ou cannot slip it off when his day's work a j<
i over, and :he sweat must be suff'red to eff
Iry open htm. ?n<
The practice of singing has i>s advocates, be
ut it is not so eff-ctual as clipping; it do**s ty >
ot eradicates ihick woolly coat, which, is plii
ie worst of any, as it Mains the moisture in:<
it l.nin thn iiiiurminn Inn. I?l t mil imp. . on.
nd requ.res frequent repetition ; whereas 1 ho<
horse cl pped in November needs no Pa
ion* trouble. . eel
Various opinions < xi*'as to the h?'?i di- h k
Ision ofthe st ipes wni'*h a horse slioul 1 b" d r
i?id. n or driven when |>erf< ruling h long in<
luruey. Ttvs mus in some degree he a v
emulated by hm condition. If tie is fit to ut i
o, wi.li?journey of h hundred and filty fou
lih s o perform, and tor e la s to do it m, tht
snould divide ttieni into twenty.five miles j
ach, or us n *ar as the acrnm nod.t ion on foo
ie to ?d would p'Trnit, starting, especially hoi
the sinnmer time, early in the morning, 'ed
nd performing tie* first twenty-five nn!e- j in
e ore >r>-aktasl. T as enables yon to ihe
.vr \our horse w? II dressed, an I to nil r' co(
i n throe or four nours rest; su.d d it * will p ,?
at two qtjiir erns of oats, and a quartern of s i;
eans (wnicli should b<* divided in o two I ton
eds). he wiii not take much hanu. A l-c
loderate quantity f water must he given ; se.i
t the same inne it must be observed, diut of
mi much wiii cause mos' horses to r?'our, c.r
nd likewise to sweat m r? profu^elv ;
lert'fore the less he has in reason die better
il Ins d. y' s work is completed. when h houid
lia>e as mucn as he is inclined to
ike. Gruel is an excellent dung, hut it is
o( readily p ocureii, properly made, on the inu
and : it should invariably h lioded, and i tfm
r fer it made, wi h wheat flour, as it re- I no'
lains longer on ill stomach, a d m 1 ss ma
ax ng than when made with oatmeal ? yot
'tie usual method of preparing whnt they i* I
all gruel at inns is o in X oafiue d wi h upr
rarm waer, in which <tute it <s decidedly (
id: us emollient quality 's produced hy cor
oriiig. uad if I cannot procure i; in that el?
ate i prefer wa cr. an<
A lock of dry hay sliould be pr sen ed to auc
ie ho-se when lie enters Hie stable. I re- t >e
[imme-itl i> dry for this reson. If ; is ma tp ear
et, u custom wi h some persons ihe torsi out
ivrs it two or three twist* n-itu hi* te?*th. spr
nd, find ug it sufficiently mo at to he sw?l- d ?
twi*d, he bolts it, and it passes into tne alo
omarli 11k*- n little wisp; bu if ..TV, he is ser
[impelled ro masticate it, the action o tint
hich produces u discharge of saliva whici. n
'eaiisca the mouth much more efficunilv. .-pr
or the same reason,'he corn should nev cor
r b.- made wet: a few go-do* its of wat -r did
iven at intervals if the horse appears o ooi
jfuse his corn from thirst, is a much bet er tun
ractice. The gf$*t s^cp't in m.kiug u a a
sck perforin long jourtnes is not to ri'fe or co*
riv< h m too fist especially ut first starting, I w
s it cans- s him to sweat pro us?'ly, which
tnder* h:m fami; and when he arrives a as
a stable Im refuses his corn. A race, re?:
ir*?! is seldom culled upon to take a lour or oro
vc mile gallop oftener than six or seven live
iys, and a hack is frequently required to dean-form
that distance at a good smart pace sho
rery day. There is certainly this differ- wh
ice that the race.horse is usually worked jaw
iih clothes on, which the hack is not; but whi
icks are very frequently compe ted to go cisi
distance of five or six miles at u pace tnu
hich to th^rn is nearly as severe as the of t
ice at winch many truiuers sweat their the
jrses is to the race-horse. abf
Some attention should also be paid to the unu
jantny of hay given ro the horse previously con
i his being worked .* this should be regu~ Ag
'ed by the distance and pace which he pec
ill be required to go. All tties*' little things ap|i
lay appear unimportant, but they are es, gra
intial to the amm ?l's condition, and in ena
ct to the comfort and interest of the rid r. ag?
a short and fast journey, such as going her
i covert, he should be kept rather short of ary
\y over-night; but if a long journey fit to pos
tak'-n at a slow pace during the firsisve to t
r six miles, a more liberal allowance will no <
i* beneficial, abs
Washing the legs and feet should never dig
e neglected ; and >h>- gravel or sand should I
f> carefully extracted fro~? between the , (
>le of the foot and the shoe whenever the j(1 ^
nrse s*ops to b? fed. The pressure which Joa
occasions, if suffered to accumulate, is l,J,r
Kceedingly puinful. Unless n hack has inei
een ridden very Inst, 1 prefer cold water to ren
ash his legs and feet, as the bracing eti-ct
! I'PPV ? ilu arv. I know that some per- | wn
/
ins object to it on the supposition that it i'Ii
roduccs rheumatism; but when a horse firs
omes in from a journey in the winter his gul
;gs are generally as wet as they well ran an;
?, independently of wlr.ch th*y are covered ?ia
nth mud and dirt; and after washing am
lem, ifeircumsiances will not allow of br.
teir tviug perfectly dried by the rubber, is I
ley will at all events become dry sooner W
lan if an accumulation ol dirt be suffered to ! ol
emain on the limb. As a matter of course is
would prefer their being rubbed dry, but mt
it inns you cannot always get it done. The t?
ise of the sponge to the nostrils, and such Tl
ETT
/ Z E R.
f 17, 1840.
rt? as ureusually cleansed by thai apparat,
adds much to t m cornfor of the animal
J should always he attended to when he
nes into the stable.
The pructico of stopping the feet wtrh
y and cow.dung is now preity much out
fashion. To most feet I urn convinced
it it is highly injurious; it rots the frog,
I renders the soie too sofi ; ihe conso.
nco of which is, if a horse happen to
t his foo' upon a ston'% down he comes.?
mp tow is unques ionably tlie best tnate.
I. and n nail rriadf vv: h i: Will last a lonff
I Willi rare. This kind of stopping,
ivever, should not be us*'d too often, and,
lernllv speaking, is more necessary after
nun ley Hian before if. As to its cooling
els upon tlie foot, it has very Iitlle in/lu.
e if sueh u remedy is required, it must
applied in a gp a er bulk than the capnciof
thfe loot will contain, and mus* bo op.
id exre nally if heat in the foot indicates
srnal iiifl.imma'ion ; for this pu pose wet
Is made of strong linen tied round the
>f 'pp-ar to be the best applications.?
r a id grease, or tar and treacle, are exlent
compositions, and such as mos
ks require tr? keep their feet in good or-'
Tosyli horses as have b id frogs, a
I ed app| cH ion, and two or three times
rc k with a pad of tow sufficiently thick
the h'-el to produce pressure, i? gen- rally
md serviceable, and will in ticno cure
lis'ies.
Wi h the most decided objection to green
d alone lor any thing in the shape of
se fles't (braid man's and fo is excep.
.) I itiviiri iblv give a moderate portion
the summer mixed with hay, and I find
lies! eff ets from doing so: it hns a
'ling opt r? on, and "he hay prevents it
su;g ilirougfi the bowels t- o rapidly. It
|fC?#?vr\ o ftavc Ii? buy and the green
d very weil mixed, or ihc horse will se;
le letter and leave the hay ft is
ire-1) in cessnn to add, that I u? ver tiiink
ur.iing a horse out to grass u d *r any
cuius anci's,
London 011 Spor ing M >gazine.
COWS FEU ALONG ON CORN WILL NOT
THRIVE.
Mr Clayton:?I nave n theory to comin
c ite which deserves more attention
n i has received, and which if r does
claim the universal a renfioti of farmers
- ... I...... . ?f.. il.,? t/riliimn r?f
y < ( lf-,1* sn?r iu a "1 n .1... - w.
Ji nuinerou* we||-m?*ant s;-e ulurions. It
uiriiiless, and therefore beats one virtue
)n its front.
Jows, in mv neighborhood, are fed on
n?? iiiii?*ly on com?hronghout most
he winter. Tins 1 view an a prodigal
J destructive poll y?prodigal of the'com,
I it no: d-'Mtru t ve, at leas iwnutrive to
cow, ( .ia*e kno*n cows fed on ten
s of corn, night and morning, through.
the Winter, and remain poor* in the
ing. I do not re?oll"rt that I ver knew
ow kept ta; through 'he winter on corn
n*. A highly r?'Sj/ectable and close ob.
ving firmer ot Williamson, once told me
t he h ?s known cows 'o was e away, and
Mime instances act tally to die in the
in?, utter having wintered on a liberal
n f?ding. H averred, too, that they
not waste of the reason of another man's
v 1 once heard of wh'ch died of eating
nips?one turnip a 'lay.?There remains
h me not a reasonable doubt, that
vs do not thrive well on corn alone?and
iii now proceed ioh-11 you why 1 think so.
IV cow is M herbivorous animal, and in
tate of tia ro fe< d on grasses, herbs,
ds, brush,&c. Nature has wonderfully
vid*jJ thi> specie of animals with a digesi
apparatus, which pUitily points to the
cription of food it was intended they
uld consume. As with all other animals
ich fet'd chiefly on grass, their molarcs or
teeth attain great size and strength,
1st in the cow particularly the under inires
or tore teeth are entirely wanting ;
s fi 'ing them for the put'ent mastication
ough, dry herbaceous aliments. Again,
salivary glands of the cow are remark*
y large ; thus endowing them with the
isuul secretion of saliva requisite to the i
iplete mas ication of such substances,
nm the cow is provided with that other
uliar and novel portion of the digestive
aratus, denied to man and to al merely
niverous animals, the four slomaches?
bhng her to ruminate, or to chew over
iin such portions of the woody fibre of
food as reach the po tal of the aliment* i
canal, insufficiently masticated, Js it
sible that all these peculiarities are given
he cow, without a design ? Are they of
especial use ? It is certain they are not
olutely required in the masticatLn and
es ion of corn,
n order to make the opinions I am about
mtiilliniliL. I ivill hrrfi n remise
Jill I IIIUIO lllivnigiwr 9 (
ri-Tdescription of iho above mentioned
r stonuchs, and of the other more imtan
parts of the digestive apparatus, imdiutely
connected with the subject of my
ii ark s.
Tne first of these stomachs is the paunch,
ich is the largest, holding many gallons,
u second is a globular appendage to the
the internal membrane of which is re.
etrlv distributed into polyonal os many
jled cells. The tlnrd is the smallest, and
enpacity much diminished by numerous
J broad duplicatures of the internal memme.
The fourth is second in size, and
lined with a villous or porous membrane.
i:h tii? aid of lilts apparatus, and a sort
Jilu etl muriatic acid juice with which it
regularly supplied through its internal
jmdrane, the iood of the cow is reduced
a sort of semi-fluid pulp, called chyle.
lis chyle (hen passes through the duoden *
. y.i'r *% > -
%
1
'E
* ?v ' ^
' A* * **,
'.* v^/
NUMBER V ; '
um jejunum, and *Z7tum, [the throe portion#
of the smal! intestines,) and the coecoft) and
colon, of the large intestine, whence the ex?
crementious matter is ejected. The inter*
nal membrane of the sfftall gut is villous, or
full of small pores, through which tlte nu- '
tritive juices of the food are takentup 9ho
the lactenis, and conveyed to every part of *
the system. In the liver, the biktis secreted,
which flows into the gal bag, and'thence
into thogduodenum, where together witfcthe
pancreatic juices, it cpmc* in contact with*,
the chyle, upon which it is supposed to perform
very important chemical cbongea ;
among which is the separation of the alimen-?
tious from the cxcrumeulious portions of
the food.
With these remarks, I will now proceed
to give some of the reasons which I believe
. render corn alone, not oo'y innutrittoua but
really injurious to the healthful condition
the cow.
First then, a gallon of corn, or thirteen
cars at a feeding, is known to contain ?.
quantity of rich farinacious matlersuf&cie#
f
for one cow. This feeding of com* fill#
perhaps, only about one seventh part of oM
stomach, the paunch. it is id established
fact with animal physiologists, that all onimats
fee! more comfortable, when the atom
ach is nearly filled. And comfort, it is .
known contributes to JaL But in addition
to this fact, the healthy action of the vascular
membrane of the stomach, through
which the gastric juice is supplied, nud
which is so essential to complete digestion,
is dependent upon a certain distention of
the stomach, and consequent excitement
therefrom. Bell, iu his anatomy of the lymphatic*
and jucteals of the intestinul canal,
says that" the absorption js not by an inor*
ganized pore, but depending on excitement
and action*'?" when excited by the presence
of chyle," &c. The filling the paunch,
then, with hay, fodderoroth#T "roughness,"
is essentia! to lite comfort of the animal, and
the proper action of the gastric juices upon
the food.
Again corn frequently passes through
cows whole, and so completely undisturbed
as to germina:e and sprout on being planted.
But" roughness" of all sorts, when fed to
a cow, is always well decomposed and digested.
The ruminating faculty of the
cow enables her to throw up and chew over
wads of grass, or, if fed together with com,
wad* of grass and corn?thus enabling her
to digest it properly. But com alone, cannot
be sufficiently acted on by this process.
I need not dwell on the great importance of
a proper mHSticution and dig#tion of food
to the healthful condition of tire animal.
But there arc still more weighty reasons
why corn is hurtful to animals, when fed
alone. A largo portion of the composition
of corn grain is in farinaceous matter, con.
'sisting of gluten, albumen, dec., and becomes
under certain circumstances,vegotaMa
r?ni.diary*. If is nutritive in a bi?h de?
ViW .? .. m
grcc. But thee is in it a total absence of
that bitter principle, which is so essential as
a tonic to give strength and vigor to tbo
sysiem8of animals fed on nutritive vegcta. ?"""
ble substances. Dr. Paris, in his History
of Med cal Substances, has furnished a succinct
accoount of this bitter principle, or
extract, and its importance to the digestion '
of herbivorous animals, which 1 cannot do
better than to quote.?lie says
44 There would seem to be certain sub.
stances that act as specific stimuli upon the
living fibre, and are in certain cases indispensable
for the maintenance of its healthy
tone j such are vegetable bitters, which pro*
duce a powerful effect upon trie digestive
organs' and by nervous sympathy, upon the
rest of the system. Bitter extractive seems
to be 03 essentia! to the digestion of herbioo*
rous, es salt is to carnivorous animals ; it
acts as a natural stimulant, &c..
Again he says .*
44 No cattle will thrive upon grasses which
J- -A?*nin U r?f f hi* VPlTPtahJfi
"U UUl |>U| in/11 v> .
principle ; this fact has been most satisfactorily
proved by the late researchesof Mr.
Sinclair, Gardener to the Duke of Bedford!
which are recorded in the magnificent
work, the4 flortus Gramineus Woburnesis.*
They ?how, that if sheep are fed on yellow
turnips, which contain little or no bitter
principle, that they instiuctly seek for, and
greedily devour any provender which mny
contain it, and that if they cannot obtain it >
they become diseased and die." " 'Vith
regard to the natural use of bitter extrac.
tive, it may bo laid down as a truth, tiiat
it stimulates the stomach, corrects putrefy,
ing and unwholesome nutriment, promotes
tardy digestion, it increases the nutritive
powers of those vegetable substances to
which it is united, and furnishes a natural
remedy for the deranged functions of the
stomach in particular." dec. u Its importance
is in an inverse ratio with the nutritive
powers of the food." 44 That cultivation
which extends the nutritive powers ofvege.
table bodies generally diminishes their bitterness
in the same proportion. Gummy
matter is undoubtedly rendered more digestible
and nutritive by the presence of a bitter."
?
The reader need but bear the above
positions in mind and apply them to corn'
as food, which is destitute of bitter* but is
eminently nutritious, and possesses much
saccharine, mucilaginous, and guiunoiu
matter.*
Besides, Professor Friize, in his Medical
Annals, states that ^vegetable mucilage,
( xisting abundantly in corn grain,) "when
used as a principal article of diet, relaxes
the organs of digettioo, and produces m
viscid slimy mucus, and a morbid acid, in
the prime vis, an effect which analogy
shows may be obviated by the addition a
* " / " >
/