Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, January 03, 1840, Image 1
I
I
VOLUME I.
T^nTTHR AMD PROPRIETOR
TERM rf:
If paid within three months, . . ?3 00
II paid within three months after the
close of the year, 3 50
If paid within twelve months aftor the
close of the ye*f, ...... 4 00
If not paid within that time, ... 5 00
Two nno subscribers will be entitled to the
paper tho first year for five dollars, paid at the
time of subscribing ; and fivo now subscribers
for ten dollars paid at the time of subscribing.
No paper to be discontinued but at tho option
of the editor till arrearages aro paid.
Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines,
inserted for one dollar tho first time, and fifty
cents, each subsequent insertion.
Persons seuding in advertisements are requests
io specify the number of times they are to be
irjec-ted; otherwise they will be continued till
ordered out, and charged accordingly. ^
0"Tho Postage must be Daid on all cominu.
ni cations.
SILK CULTURE.
(;
The following are the concluding remarks of
Mr. Roberts in his SUk Manual, a pamphlet
which may be had at the Cheraw Bookstore,
cents and which we reemmend to all
who wish to acquaint themselves with the silk
culture.
Having finished the instruction part of
our unpretending work, we would be per- j
milted to make n few general remarks upon j
v ... .vluntino tho i
the propri'-iy uj ??^i?r-?
silk culture ns a branch of their p's.iective I
systems of husbandry, and will also avail
ourseif of the occasion to present such other
views as opprar to us to be kindred to the
subject.
We ask of our countrymen to receivp the
result of our labors wrh indu/grnce, as in
preparing our Mi null for the press, we
have had no nmb.tious views or aspirations
to gratify?pride of authorship never once
entered into our mind?and in perfect truth
we may most solemnly affirm, that our
chief object in incuning the bbor and
penso of publication, is to do good. The
hope that we might be the humble ins.ru
men! of commendin the silk cultureto th*
noticeof that class of the communiiy with
whom our present and future ingress and
feelings aro identified, his borne us up
through many disadvantageous circumstances,
and enables us to present what ive I
have written to the consideration of the
public ; an i to its decision, wo shall mos
cheerfully submit.?De that decision what
it may, wo shall linve the consolation to reflect,
that we have disinteres edness as trie
?: ~r ??nlmes. and hat no man
OH springs wi uui ... ,
can rightfully charge us with nwnnt offidel
ity in the execution of our work. Of our
motives we may, without rendering outs h
liable to the charge of egotism, ol serve
that for years it has been nnnifest to ;is,
that our country wus in want sfsorrvodior
branch of agricultural industry, the products
from which would serve to equalize the
rates of exchange botwcn us and Europ-.
^ and thusopora e to reduce that b lance o
^ trade which has so long pressed wi;h suHi
an onerous weight upon the enrr prise, indus'ry
and resources of our people, and rendered
us so often, and so disas'rously, tiesport
and victims of the revulsions of trade
in the old world. Again, it appear d fou-peculiarly
proper that some other new
branch of industry should be added ro Am
erican liusbandry, in orJer that profitable
employment might be given to the females,
the younger members, and the aged an I infirm,
of the families of tho middling and
w- poorer classes of our farmers and planters,
and to the aged and young negroes of those
in more opulent circumstances. And in
castinsr our eyes in quest of if, we were very
forcibly struck wtth tho countless adv;?n nges?the
happy adaptation of tht*Sifk cul
ture to the objects wo had in view. In he
present steto of the agriculture of our c >uutry,
\vc are aware that, in numerous in
; stances, virtuous females, the wives and
daughters of families in humble lif , are
compelled by dire necessity to labor in the
field, and participate with their husbands,
fathers and brothers, in th-'ir more hborous
toils. This, if possible, should boavoided ;
and we lock forward to th? day, and not a
distant one, when every farmer's wife und
daughter may, through the instrumentality
of the silk culture, be relieved from those
menial offices. Ths occupation of females
to such unbecoming employment is not
confined to any peculiar section of our
country ; but is more or less peculiar to all.
Some short time before we published the
first edition of our Manual, wo received
from a gentlemen of South Carolina?n
man whose heart is in tho right place, and
whose feelings are as philanthropic as his
mind is enlightened?we say wo received
from him a letter, in which he remarked?
#i There are hundreds of our citizens, fe*
mnlrn r?nt tr? l;H0D
maies* wnu ton n...-.v r
the bone greased by their present employ
merit. Many of our females among the
poor class, are under the necessity of worklag
io cotton fields. This has always cros
scd the grain with me, and I have most ardently
hoped that they might find some loss
laborious employment, that would yield
them as much more profit; and I now look
forward to better times in this p irt of the
country. The common mulberry grows wild
in great abundance in this section of the.
state* and cocnons of a fine quality have
been produced from worms fed on them
This is indeed, a most deplorable picture
of the condition to which some of the females
of South Carolina, in humble life, are reduced
; but is not tho less true, and though
companionship in misfortune should rationt
m
ARM
AND C
CIIRRATV
B?MB?3EM3BB5BOg3Bfc??BBSaMJUig*
ally afford no consolation, this wrelche
condition of things is not confi a-d to tin
intellectual commonwe iltii alone ; but a
we have before observed, it is too commn
a thins in our land, Hnd may be wirnesse
in every starein the Uri'on?it may besai
tohnve a " local hab'taiion" in all parts <
our cou. fry. And although human miser
and a'ject w int are to be met with more sel
dom in America, perhaps, than in any othe
country in the world, s il they abide nmo;ii
us, and bear wrh the more severity upoi
the gentler sex, their offspring, and the aged
than they do upon anv others. In this con
dition of things, a remedy is absolutely ?n<
imperiously called for, and it becomes the
business of the statesin ?n. the political econ
j omist, and the philanthropist, each ntic
all, jo eod avor to discover one, aw
wherj disco ered, to give to it the pro
per direction?to lend to it all his enrr
gu-s?to support it with all his alen*!
and and. To our mind. Sdk Culture ofT r.<
n sure and certain remedy : it unfolds th<
means of employment best calculated tc
do the greatest good?to save our country
worn n from those labors to which they or*
now subjected, which arc so ill suited tc
.L-: __J .1
ui?:ir s^x, anu s?* revolting 'u nir- jr ??i p'm
aithropy?i' is, above all others, that busi
nrss best adapted to the wants of the nation,
It is us replete wi H interest to he intelligent
and refined rirh, as it is full of promise nrxl
hope to those in the lium'der walks of hie.
To ill it comes with healing on i s w ngs.
VVliat ran be more intensely interesting to
the philosophic mind, than to see those ing-nious
inserts husilv engaged, during their
short carreer in fabricating the most beautii'ul
ar irle that enters irro th?* elo hint
which decorates the human form ? How
insignificant does man feel in the sci le ol
of the arts, as he beholds the humble silkworm
excelling him in ingenu ty ??But however
interesting this pan of tne p-olwre may
he, th?-re are others of infinitely more importance
in their in livi dual and national
bearing. We allu<le. Jirst. to the employment
which th s branch of industry will
afford to the deserving and meritorious
poor?*0 the degree o' solid comtort which
it will uouehsafe to the home of the cottager
?to the innocent d light?the bound's*
joy?that it will carry 'o the bosoms of' lie
thons oids and (ens of thousands of virtuous
females, and those upon whom age and derrrptitude
bear wi h so oppressive a weight.
Secondly, to fie large slave owner it otter*
cmp!o\ nient of a profitable character to his
voting and a gel negroes, thus enabling iiim
to convert the services of thos" w'io have
b en hitherto burthens upon him. into >our.
es of a lucrative k nd, -?s he ? li'lJ of seven
wars and upwards, as will me the old hands
who have he? n long consigned to the chnn.
ney corners, the corn crib, and he meat,
tnb. ate efficient helps in .he feed ng of
worms. And lastly, we i.>k t e statesman
to contemplate the sum of benefit which
vi'l result to us m our national capacity,
whenever our coun rv becomes in part a
s Ik growing one. Withpr perenre, if fosered
by t 10 people, we have no douht rh ?l
ui twenty \ears as many in Ikons of do!*
lars in value m ?y bf? adj. d hv 'lie produeta
of the si'k cul ure to our erpoits. We will
not enlarge upon th s branch of the sunject
f rlow th in to give an extract ftom ii
i-tter which we undressed I -si winter to n
fnend in reply to certain gurries winch he
propounded ro us, while he subject of cncouragemen1
was pending before the Maryland
legislature. The reply we then gave,
seems to be so opportune to t'<e subject
rna!t? r now in ban-', as to require insertion
h 're, and we trust it will present the quest
on in a light so favourable, nnd so unvar.
uished, as not only to u tr ml attention, but
to challenge cr< d'*nce. We give the exract
be low, and shall leave to the reader
the task of discovering what won 11 be the
amount of national benefits, from those wo
have shown to be d-rivuble, easily, by a
s ngle suite :
"6 What amount in money value,, will
any given number of acres in the Mulberry
nnd Silk culture, give to the labor of the
State."
Tnis question, M though last i9 not the
l ast in my afT c ions," for it opens a wide
prosp ctive field of promise for the p'Ople
of my native Sta?e, if :tiey should but have
the wisdom and forecast 10 improve the opportunity
now presented for their acceptance.
As your query gives me the privd
ege of assuming any given number o( acres
as my datum, 1 shall fix upon the same
' 1 -"l ? ? mil intiirinrliil tr\ iho ( ti>n
Iiuinuer imur u jij *njr m? iiiui tui **w\j novm
eral Assembly, and show by my detail, thai
the aggregate sum ihcrcin stated, is much,
very much below what may be realized. I
state as my belief, in that paper, that in ten
years, if the people so will if, the ngricul'iira
products of the State may be mere i** in'
amount by the Silk cultuse, jive millions <>l
dollars , the data I therein furnish provej
ihat that sum is not a moie?v of the arnouu!
that may be produced on 5,0(11) acres. M)
object in thus k"epmg down the amount o
product, is iO be found in n?v desire to mak<
no over-sanguine caleuiaiio s that oontiu.
genou-s miglit prevent the fruition of.
Wi.h these explanatory remarks, whicl
I m ike lor your satisfaction and in juslifica
lion to myself, I will now proceed toanswe
your sixth and las' query, and availing my
self of its scope, I will presume that the cul
mre in M<ryl ind has so far progressed, a
that her citizens have 5000 ac.p s unde
cultivation. If the species of mulb rr
grown be the Morus Mul icaulis, I in ?intaii
each acre, uftcr the first year, will be capa
ble of affording a sufficient quantity of fol
iage to feed a million of worms, and this
you will roadily conceive to be possibh
m t W
EH ^ I
JUL
> I
//? ? .f H*
jW^WWP^FWflWW^W^WBBB^BHWM
r. SOUTH-CAROLINA, FJ
d when I tell you thai these trees, or ratbei
it shrubs, for ordinarily, ti.ey do not grow
s higher than froin 6 to 8 feel, will bear 3fi3
n of tin m b dug planted on one nrre. the < |i.
d gible dis an'ee. b ing 2 b> 6 feet. Tuougii
d low o! stature, they make up for thai de/lctif
eticv in the nuni'mr of their st ilks.?henc?
tj their cognomen, Morus Muhicaulis?the
I. many stalkrd inulheir\?and those stalks
r are filled with I it- ral branches from then
? starting pi ire at I " earth, to near their ?-x
n tr? me poin s. T'.eir leaves, too, are of
|t iir^ats ze, many of them b"ing from 10
to 13 inches < i her w i\, and h?m?j so clear
J of'steins, or indurated fibres, us to l?e nearly
; ailed hie by the worms.
H ivinij supposed thai 500(1 acres are i i
J t ie mulberry rahure, | w II give ><>U iIm
t data of my calcul itions in order that you
may make your own, and thereby sa is!)
\ours? It as to dip justness of mine. As one
< aero will leed 1.000.000 of worms, and
? 3000 cocoons will make 1 lh. of silk, so
? will 1,00 M)00 of cocoons make 333 13 lbs.
> I of s Ik ; and as i acre yields 333 1 3 lbs. of
. silk, so will 5000 accs yi. Id 1,fifi66d6 2 3
? lbs. of s.lk. It will r quire 10 hiidr n b-*.
) tween 7 and 10 years of age* to gather
the leaves and feed the worms which can be
supjiorted on an ace. B- sides these, a
, cap ful person, male or tetnale, h ud overi
look th?*m, and see that dm work is f'aiiliI
f.illil <tnr>a ?..ij 1-lf t.?r npr<(ltl ( sililil lii'lfl'
| lunj utun 1 m ? !?"? |?v vv?m w - out
of my caleulniion, n? the duty should
<;ill??-r d? volv?? on the Tread of the family, or
i sainr one of Ins household in whon !? can
coufide, and therefore no uciual money
1 charge upon li m. Then as it will t ?ke 10
i elnl .'ren o an acre, so it will take 50,000 to
>1 attend 6000 acres. If these children receive
75 cents per wc.k for then labor. and hey
ought to gei that or more, as the cul.ure wil
b ar if, then will each caw during tho 6
weeks of the fe-ding season, tho sum of
84.50 ; or the wages of the 50,000 during
thai time will amount jn the aggregate to
8225,000. If they were to get $1 per
we< k the aggregate of their wages would be
$300,000.
i This is hut one brnnch of the laborers ?o
he employed. After the worms have spun
their silk, then comes in the female departm
ait iO convert the cocoons into sewings,
or raw silk. The 5,000 acres as I have
shewn will produce 1.606,6061 3 lbs. of
silk. II ihis quantity be spun into sewing
s;lk, as one woman is only compcien' to
sp:n.2 3 lb. per (Jay$nnd there areabout213
working days i.n a year, she can only make
142 lbs. in th.it time, so that to convert the
whole qti:?n itv into sewing silks, it will require
ilie* services of 11.737 women 'o do
so : ii"w if t|i< $" la* allowed 82 per mouth,"
their aregvgan* w ores will ainoiini to $422732
(or their year's s? rvic?s?It 84 p<r
mon h.it will lie $563,376. T..e nior.'V
villi'* of labor will then s aid thus :
For 5tU>0) e.hdilr n ;i< t'eedi rs
j at 75 rents per week, $225,000
Fiv I -707 women as spmners
at S3 pur month, 423 732
$648 732
Or thus : j
For 50.000 feeders at 81 per
week, 8300,000'
F ?r 11,737 spinners at 84 per
mouth, 503 376
8863.375
Should a portion of ihe product be made
in o raw silk, as it doubtless will be, fewer
i f-m.tles will bo reqirreu tor trial service,
as I ho silk reels proper, unwind a much
larger quantity ofcoeoons than the machine
combining bo h the opora'ion of spinning
and reeling. I should say, that four times
the amount of work may be done, so that
a deduction of female laborers in that pro.
portion ought rightfully to be made for
whatever quantity of raw silk which should
he made. But suppose I assume as the
sum of money-value for labor to be given
' to the Siate by this culture, only $500,.
1 000, and I would then ask you, if the InborI
ers.emp'oyed be indigent white females and
children, what a volume of real comfort
and happiness would that sum confer upon
that worthy, though suffering portion of our
state ? How many coun'enancts that are
now dimmed with suffering, would it brigh.
ten ? Look nround you, sir in your own
immediate neighborhood, if there be not
many a poor widow wi h her hel l< ss ofT,
spring, to whom such employment would not
> he emphatically a God-send ? Have v u
not often in your experience through life,
f seen a poor man, the head of a family, cut
, off, leaving behind him a widow and some
[ four or five children utterly degiiu'e??In
, looking on sueh a scene of desolation have
you not f It your heart's pulsation quieken
I almost to suffioca ion ? Ifyou have wuf
ntts-ed sueh a sepne, so has every man m
I
t every neighborhood in our o.a e?ano
t ?o such?to thousands of suffering poor
, which are to be foun I in all the States of this
[' Union, this bruneti of agricultural employ?
inent, would prove of the vrv first impor.
tanee. Insh-ad of the childre n of the poor
being burthens as fhpy now are, l! ey would
, become so many sources of revenue to their
. parents, and while ineir labor would form
r an imjioriant item in the sum of individual
. weal h,s<> would it comprise one of equal
. moment in hat of our State, for itisofsucli
a materials that na'tonal wealth is eons itu ed,
r j I: may he said that a large portion of .his
v labor would be performed by the slave pop
q i ulatlon of our s a c ; but litis do s not >r
, We have said children of thoso agrs, bceausi
tiioy are just as competent t? the task as adults?
' but grown females and infirm males arc equalh
dig.bio attendants.
-? ^2
* i K * * *
* if-* . * ? * t
9 - * *
' ?A!
i * W*&
AD VER
-* + w*UDAY
EVENING, JANl
/
" " S '
' tin* I isi chan?r** ihe amount of apprerjiric
> given i? the lutwr of Maryland; lor fl?e
m * *
? services would fx? just us valunhl thmig
their masters .should be the recipients, as
i the same amoun wag paid aw ay to h>
white laborers, with this in fnorof the
masters tli ?t I* wou'd he so much suvet
' and as the proverb s.?\s. a penny save i is
f. p*nn\ yarned; r| is, therefore, ch-nr. Iv
wins her the labor he performed by ih<' on
d s *riptiou o' lahoren rs. of the other, ifi
merensed value of* I lie labor of the Stat
Would be the sarn".
I h iVf 'thiis far ronfin*'d mvself tb ih
value o1 versnnrif labor. because I li o iuh
from 11' phrazrofo^y o' v*?ur question inn
iti'eulio. was (??? | should so eons ru it
1 but us I ijavi* tluis i'q formed to wnat I cor;
reived to have been your views, I ' me tok
anoth r and broader vi? w of lit s -stihj cj
Idle money a/tie to be given to the A/An
of the Slate, bv the occupation ??f 5,001
acres in the cultivn'inn of silk is what tli
sdk produre will bring ; I or it is the /ahoi
af.er all, t' at imports value to the rommod
ity from begmmng to end. Let us se
wtiat that is. Now,as I h ?vc before shewii
5.000 acres will produce 1.606 666 2 3 lbs
of silk. This, if so'd as raw *'fk\ ?t S
per pound, would b" worth 8'j 6d6 6G'i (ft
2 3?if as sew ng silks, Sll,66d,666 61
2 3. So \on see, my de .r sir, what hi
inense nppreciiit on, even 5.000 aeres o
our worn out "oil i* capable of giving l/i tin
produces of the S'ste?or as you have it
perhaps, more properly, to its ' labor "
I think von will coincide with mem tin
opinion, that in ten ye rs the number of a
rns of laud named alio o, maybe npprop
rare I 'otitis culture witlmiV in the least i;;
terfering with our present systems of agri
culture. And here let mo assure you r.
the sincerity of my belief, that wbeneve
tins result shrill have been hrotigh" about
Maryland will b" one of the richest an<
happiest s ales in the Union. Witat is ft
prevent us from becoming so ? A pa hv or
the part of ourselves, and neglect on ih?
part of those whose province it is ?o nnrtun
and protect the public inferos s. Let nn
ask you sir, if when many ofourmostrn
terprising and industrious citizn* are de.
parting from ain<>ng us, to return no mote
as citizens?when many estates are left un
occupied, and neighborhoods in some o
I our counties literally broken up, if it is no
meet thai some noble effort should be madi
to arrest the evil ? D??es it not behoovr
those who represent the descendants of tha
gaiiant band of granite hearts, who per;l!e<
for our lib'-rties. to do some1 hint? worthy o
that fame they won so dearly ? Do's not self,
esteem, patriotism, and state pride, all com
li'iieto demand that some substantive mea
sores should be adopted to count and brinj;
out the resources of Maryland. Our rli
m ?te and sot are most happ lv ndapted f<
this culture ; and as it is well known th <
poar soil makes the best silk, why shouli
I we not embrace the occasion 'o renner om
! wornout fi- Ms :*va<I tl#!e ? To givoprofinifable
employment lo our population?am
especially to that portion of ihom whose
helplessness commend them tooursympa
thy and protection? Self-interest humani.
ty, and public policy alike dictate ilie course,
Letrne ask your permission to clainr
vour atten ion n few m nncnts longer, wink
I apply a few remarks to individual cas? s,
An industrious poor man Iris half an am
in tlv culture ; he and his working linnds attrod
'o his other farming operations?hit
wif * and his small children attend to the
feeding of the worms,from which she real 7: i
a clear profit of upwards . f seven hundrec
dolLrs, a much larger amount than her hus.
band and some four or five working hand?
realized off of a hundred acres in ordipan
culture. Another, with larger means, hat
one acre in mulberry, his wife nnd childni
attend to it, and he gains by the oper ?t or
a nctt profit risingfourteen hundred dollars
A third, with still larger means, has twr
acres in the culture, and he nettsa profii ovei
S2.800?and these profi s are exclusive o
the value of their respective families' services.
A fourth, with ample means has his 1(
acres in the culture, nnd he receives ane;
profit nearly amounting to 8If),000 a year
Now I pray you to picture lo yourself tlx
relative degree of comfort nnd opulenci
which such a state of things is calculate
to produce in a very few years. Exarnim
the: question in all its bearings; make ti.<
propor application of its benefits and it
blessings, nn-l I am sure von will stand U|
the hold and fearless advocate of he cmus
We ask the render to r-'flcci well upoi
the views we have offered to his consider.!
lion, and wc pray him to believe us whei
we declare, that they are not the men spec
culntions of enthusiasm, but are the sobe
deductions of mathematical calculations
arid we further ask him, to contemplate th
sum of prosperity and happiness, which th
mulberry and silk cul ure is calculated t
confer upon the American people. We as
him to picture to himself the changed n[
p-iirance of things which would bowrnugl
oy s'ich outpourin. of bl?*s>i- gs. We rt
quest him to bear in mind that there ar
tint f u small farmers in our Land, wlietia
proprietors or tenants, that do much mor
1 to use a f imiliar parage, ' than m ike bo\
I ends meet," ond< r the present s ate of ;>gr
' cu! ore ; hnt few, indeed, who are able I
1 give their catMren any tiling more than
common education. But let the Silk cu
'* Hire he once adopted, and again we ask hit
if it is not competent to produce an mil
1 revo utmn in the moral and pecuniary coi
diiion of our penple.
i Deeply impressed with a high tmd abidir
j sense of the great value to resull form it, v
I cull upon the rich und enlightened, by eve
*? . |
SETT
T I Z E R.
JAKY 3, 1840. jf >
. *_
>n conoid n khi of j) itriot .sm and interest to !
if rnlh r? die rescu** of' ciifir countrv, and set '
[' an ? x-imple worthy o' a'l emulation?we I
if appnjtl to those in humble .is they love <
e their wives and children- tofollowMhe %x- I
ir ample we would h< re i. voke. \V?* cull upon I
i. eveiy man pursuing ugrieui im* us u busl* I
i oik a i i\ Amlrufl fit.* V? ftl* /tiiltVie.i ori.\n * o a I
?4 ' nr >s. i?? "?* Mi' utfi\ ? uiimi* up?/u si ao
? a Ar<//irA.#s u is ho in'eres of themselves ?
ie And families tlinMr^f -aliould Huso. And t
i<* ir? closing our labors, we mils'. be indulged J
e a lew rni.rrks rtpressive of our
a Ie* Hiit; iiuH .-iiijntop-s' have air iniv beat <
e aroused w ii'di ?ill not siunilv r until the t
l? triumph he eompkde. We ;?rc? doubly so- '
if lie toil* on 11 lis lieu . hecaus" we sr e in lb^''[
: *u<v# ss.of he Si k culture,'lie su^'H'means r
i ihat^/ii.'antiirouh) eo M (j- sj*re, (br sustain- C
e illg flf. hott^fllldt '?!?] fe*> 4>f tlxx/snnris of t
. flour woihhii and eltiidp nt wfiusie support is ?
r now st;n ed ynd prvarimis ; ho?*au^e tye c
I) s"e in ii too, 3 radical euro tor nn evil'wtjicn c
e is sweeping the iiihahi an s from fhfr old
states and se: lements with a fcircd which c
almost threatens depopulation to many ii
e n? igibon ooiJs ; and las ly beeauso ?t will k
i? "fftrd the pecuniary ability of improving e
. flvotlier portions of each on which i s cul- C
1 ture may be in rodwed. To several of the n
I j old st ites, ir offers tiie unlv avadable re- H
) source for political s i,'e;y?the only guaran- S
' *v against those ciicrochmeiits which never h
I lad to follow in that tram of evils ihat befal s
^ ihn to-'ak in the vieiuity of the strong, fi
. There i> no truth more firmly enforced by p
'us ory. tuan tha' pra e nnd independence. a
" is only t? b expected where the abilly to ji
* repel and pun'sh aggression is enjoyed. It n
- sdould. therefore be the policy of small e
powers living in close vicinage with large o
on? sf 'O keep a careful prospective eye H
I about them, in order that their more potent fi
r neighbors may not lie provoked by their ?
. w e? ku ss to contemplate their subjugation; tf
I for the history of he ancient Republics con- s*
5 firms ihe melancholy truih, that puicer, in s<
i the view of nations, is but another word lor c
; mt the ties of consanguinty and flu* b
' lamis of common origin, offer no barriers il
to (hnf unchnsfenod ambition and unbound, c
ed desire of conques", which is indulged in o
by most states, towards their weak and d<*. n
? fenceless ne.g burs. &
rl
p [Tho estimate of Mr. Roberts, that an acre j
j of Multieaulis may be made to feed o million of
worms is too high If tho land is mado rich
, enough for this, tho leaves will be loo rich and r
j watery to make good silk or support the worms ^
I in the best health.. Out suppose it to require
I from three to five, or even ten acres, what is the ^
. expense of land and cultivation in the Southern ^
. States compared with the profits? The price of (|
. silk is now nearly or quite fifty per cent, higher
r than it was a few years ago whou tho abuvu ^
. remarks were written, whilst the expenso of
> producing it is lessened by the improvements in t|
r feeding ?Iim worms &,c. made in this country.] j r
' PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
r q
The fol'owmg Annual Message from the rr
1 President of the United States was trans- p
t milled to both Houses of Congress on p
Tuesday 23d. Dec. through A. Vun n
. Burcn, Esq., Private Secretary; c
i Fellow citizens of the Senate vv
* and House of Representatives: 'I
I regret that I cannot on this occasion, is
r congratulate you that the past > car has been ti
one of unalloyed prosperity. The rnvnges ei
} of fire and disease have painfully afflicted fi
! otherwise flourishing portions of our coun- tl
} try, anil serious emharrasmcntsyet derange ft
I the trade of inan> of our cities. Our, not. s|
. withstan'Jing these adverse circumstances, rr
j that general prosperity which has been n
r heictofore so bountifully bestowed upon us c
5 by the Author of all Good, still continues to g
i call for our warmest gratitude. Especially v
t have wo reason to rejoice in the exuberan' p
harvests which have lavishly recompensed u
> well directed industry, nnd given to it that ft
r sure reward which is vainly sough: in vis- fi
f ionary speculations. I cannot, indeed, view, ft
wimout peculiar satisfaction, the evidences p
) afforded by the past season of the bnefi s j
t that spring from tin* steady devotion of the ti
. husbandman to his honorable pursuit. No ft
i means of ind vidual comfort is more certain, n
i and no source of national prosperity is so t<
J sun?. No lung can compensate n people tl
! lor a depeud'-nce upon others for the bread 0
t? they cat; and that cheerful abundance on
s which the happiness of every one so much t
p depends, is to he looked for nowhere will v
such sure reliance as in the industry of the ft
n agriculturist and the bounties of die earth, r
W'dh foreign countries, our relations ex. t
a hibit flie same favorable aspect which was v
presented in my last annual message, and j
r afford continued proof of the wisdom of the (
: pacific, just and forbearing policy adopted i
? by the first Administration of the Federal t
e Government, and puisued by its successors, j
o The extraordinary powers ves ed in me ?
k by an act of Congress, for the defence of (
> the country in an emergency, considen d t
it so far probable as to require lint the Exe_ (
v cutlve stiould posses amjde means to meet i
e ir, have not been exerted. They have, ,
r i here fore, been attended with no other r- |
f', sol; than to increase, by the confidence thus
Ih reposed in me, my obi Rations to maintain, |
i a itti religious exactness, the card n?I j?rinci- j
to ciples iti n gov* rn our intercourse with otb- i
a .cr nations, i Inppily. in oar pending qu' ?.
il- ions w<lit Great Brituin, out of which this
it. unusu.il grant ol au horify arose, nothing
r-* a.is occurred to require its ex< r'iou.; and as
ii- it is about to re urn to the Lejpsfattir^, } ,
trust that no future necessity may e?JJ jfor
ig its exercise by tiu m, or its d(4"gutt<Hi to
v another d pari ment ol the Goveretfiitftt.'
ry For the settlement of our Northeastern
J ..
js.-4'v'J
* ? -V
, . .. *' *
' E':;.:: v "
- /
- ? V * '
v *,?, * ~
?
N*
_.- ^ ^ \in" | , _ ' ? ' +
* ^ NUMBER 8.
1 ' I *? IL?U MlT"i
. *
boundary, the proposition promised far r
Great Britain for a commission ofexploraion
and survey, has been received, and a t.
counter project, inckdlng dlso a provision
or the certain apcj fioa^dtostmcnt of tlw \
imits in di?jiute^!htfoV ?cfore ft?c British *
Government for its consideration. A just * " ^
egard to the.delicate state of tbia question,
?nd a proper respect for the naftirer irapa* ? ,
iencrt of the S ate of Maine, not left the*; k
i convict on thai ihe negotiation has been M
11 ready protrac cd longer than is* prudent S
)Q ihe pajiofeither Government, have led
he to be1icve.thnt the flresgfit fitvora blc mo- ^Jk
nent should on co account he suffered to^^fl|
>nss without putting the question forever a[
est. I feel cpntidblH that (he Governmeo^^^^S
>f her Briianic Majesty will take tlje-wttiT^^I
new of'tins suTJjcpr, as I am persuaded if?2
;overned by desires equally strong and sinore
for -the amicable termination of -the
*>njrovrrsy?
To the intrinsic difficulties of questions
if boundary lines^rspeciaffy those described
a regions unoccupied, and but partially
mown, is to be added in our country the
mbarresment necessarily arising out of our
Jonstiiuhon, by w hich the General Governdent
is made the organ of negotiating, and v
eciding upoo the particular intercrts of the
bates on whose frontiers these lines are
3 be traced- To avoid another controvery
in which a State Government might right- ^
illy claim to have her wishes consulted,
reviously to the conclusion of conventionI
arrangements concerning her rights of *
jrisdiction or territory, I have thought it
ecessary lo call the attention of the Govrnment
of Great Brtain to anoiher portion
f our conterminous dominion, of which t'*c
ivision still remains to be adjusted. ( re*
;r to the line from the entrance of Lako
lupcrier to the most nor h western point of
?e Lake of the Wo.xls, s ipulations for the
uitlement of which an: lo be found in the
irvenlh article of the treaty of Ghent. T ?e
ommissionr rs appointed under ~ ?r'n*uy
the t'vo Governments having differed in
leir opinions, made separate reports, ac.
ordaig to its stipulations, upon the points
f disagreement, and these cJilieronces are
ow to bo subrni:t< d to lite arbitration of
r>mo friendly sovereign or State. The
isputed points should ho sottl?>df and the
no designated, before the Territorial Gov.
rnment, of which it is ode of the bouoda.
ics, takes its placer in the Union as a State; jjL
nd I nly upon the cordial CP operation of *
xr British Government to effect this ob- '
;ct. ' \
There is every reason to believe llmt disarbnnccs
Ike those which lately agitated *
to neighboring British Provinces will not
gain prove the sources of bordtrw conten.
ons, or i uerpose obstacles to the cootinull
co u( that good underslandmg^whjch it is
ie mu'ual interest of Great Brit$i$&nd the
InitcJ Stales to preserve antPrntinlain.
Within tl>o Provinces tlttOnsclres Iran- *
uiliiy is restored ; and on our frontier that
lisguided sympathy in favor of tylHjt iva$
resumed to be a general effort Id behalf of
opular rights, and winch in some ytSaffces
lisled a few of our more iiteffperirrrfccd ?
inzens, has subsided in o a rational eoniction
strongly opposed to alt fnicrnw'&img
ith the internal affairs of our neighbors.-*
^he people of the Unit'd States feel, as it "
; hoped they alwov? will, a w^irm sbhVi. ;
ide for ihe success of id! who are sincerely
ndcnvonng to improve the political condL '
on of mankind. Tins generouw feeling
v y rh< risl? towards the most distant un
ons ; and it was natural, iherofore, that it
!iuu!d be? uwaki ncd w i h more ihau com- v
ion warmth i? b< li.df of their immediate ^
eighbors. But it does not belong k} tlnar
liuractiT* as a comcjiuuify,^ seek tho
ratification of those feelings itr-acts whi?'h
lotato their daty a> citizens, encfanger the
eace ol tlicir c'ouhtry, afld Hind to bring
pon it the stain of a violtififedfaith to-wards
irei'jn nations, Ifi zealous to confer bene'son
oth< rs, tli y appear for a moment to
jse s ght of the pe-munent obligation*) imos?d
upnntiietn as citizens, they are sel11111
long misled. From all the iuformaon
1 receive, confirmed to some extent
y personal observation, I am satisfied that
o one can now hope to engage in such erjrpriscs
without encountering public iixlig*
ation, in uddili< n to the severest penalties
if the law
lieeeat information also leads me fo hopo
tint the em-grants from her Majesty's Pronice*,
who have sought refuge w kiiin our
ioundarieSf?Te disposed lobiicomcpeact^wt*
esidenfs and to abstain from all atwdftpf*
o endanger the peace of that country
vhich has afforded them on assvlum. On
""" " " # y , ?
i review of lite occurrences 09. both sides
>( the line, it is saiist'uctory to reflect, *tha t * + ,*
11 almost ev<Ty compluint against our coun.
ry, the offence may he traced to emigrants
rom the Provinces who Iwve sought refugo
,ere. In the few instances in which they
,vere aided by citizens of the United fctmes,
he ac:s of these misguided, men were not
inly in direct contravention of the laws and
veil known wishes of their own povern.
wn', hut met with the decided disapproba
ion of th** people of the United States.
I regret to state the appearance of a dif- *
ferent spirit among her Majesty's subjects
in theCanadas. The sentiments 0$ hostility
to our people and institutteMy which
have b'H'n so frequently expfesettT there,
an?l tlvd.srcgard of our rights w$|%teve
be?*n manifested on soma occasions, have,
t am sorry to say, been applauded sod en*
courage! by the people, tad even by some
or the subordinate local a Minorities, of is*
Provinces. The chief o(Beers in Canada
fortunately have not entertained the same
feeling, and hare probably prevented eaces