Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, December 06, 1839, Image 1
VOLUME I.
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR
TERMS:
Ifptid within three months, . - ?3 00
li piiJ within three months after the
close of l ha year, - 3 50
If paid within twelve months after the
eloso of the year, ...... 4 00
If not paid within that time, ... 5 00
Two naa subscribers will be entitled to th
papertho first year for jive dollars, paid at th(
time of subscribing ; and five new subscriber
for ten dollart paid at the time of subscribing
No paper to be discontinued but at the optioi
of tho editor till arrearages are paid.
, Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines
inserted for one dollar the first time, and liftj
cents, each subsequent insertion.
Persons sending in advertisements are reques
tec ?o specify the nUinbcr of times they are to b?
iiise ted; otherwise they will be continued til
ordered out, and charged accordingly.
0*The Postage must be ?aid on allcominu.
n'cations.
Report on the Agricultural Stati^ics ol
Marlborough District, read before the Pee
Dee Agricultural Society, at its Semi-an*
nual meeting, in October 1339, by Gen Jno,
McQueen.
The committee appointed by the Society
fniwi murktmrr In tol/u nnd r/*n/\rf o
* uv no ^ uiiv/ ui'.vinigt %\? iu?u ? kvii u
statistic::! account of the agricultural in'er5"
csts of Marlboro' Dis'rirt s'.uto ; that tli?*
general indifference prevailing w ith planters,
both as to die quantity of Ian 1 cultivated by
them, anJ its n-tt product per jreri,
ders it exceedingly difficult t|SBH^jfoch
report ns woul 1 be entirely mkmSry to
themselves and devoid of sorne tfjjRji i et
from llie best exertions they wkjuEww us?*,
and the most accurate informaftdo m'their
power, they believe that the following rnav
be as correct as can at any time be made
in the same way, and under the same circumstanccs.
There was cultivated in corn in the yeai
1538, 21,521 acre*. which yieMed 210,050
bushels ; making an average of a few
quarts less than 10 bushels per acre.?
There was in cotton 12,882 acres, which
yielded 4 938 bales; rnd in the absence of
any better da'a, if we suppose each hale to
contain 1100 pounds of seed cotton it makes
5,431.800 pounds, and an average of 421
pounds and a fraction [?or acre ; or suppose
1200 pounds of seed cotton to th^ bide
(which would perhaps be n more correct cstunate
n? the weigh'of 'he bdts rangt l
r..._ "JHfl t'./l .i>nn.lv\ t.v.L' s :m :vi r.
ilUH WW iw T?/w Mvmi* .7| ... ... ? ? ,
age of w'rhni a fraction of 4GQ poor'is per
acre, i :io r i?nli r of mgov s is 3 430. and
I we amount of money pn:d lor f? : i t." <? horses,
mules, bacon and pnrk 8" 935.
It would perhaps hav be.-n b i r, if die
comin;ttee h id been able to r port two p c.
rise number of lr?t?ds employed n rising
the above production ; but us tin4 varie y of
negroes On p'aut rions is so great, from
the aged, to those btr just able to commence
some service, it would be impnc ie.ible to
extract from amongst them, the exact
amount of labor engaged; and th refore
tin entire number of slaves is iend"red.
The committee were not i' quired to tak"
any account of small grain, bu as the planters
hove, for t!ic lust few years. etnh-uvored.
more generally to raise t'mir own fl"tir, i|
isdoeu.ed ;.s i tnut:< r of no incoimi icrabie i?n
portancc to :hcir interest, ;n d som" u t-nti#n
was therefore p rl to it, by which six
or seven thousand bushels wi re found to
havo been mode, principally on the up lands
of the District, averaging a very sutisfac ory
production to th" acre, and making flour
enual 10 nnv from r.nv o'lier section.
1" ---* J
The lands ^I'ltivutcc] in corn and cotton
vary from the best low lar ds on the river,
to the lightest and most exhaus'cd sand lulls;
andol course yielded a corresponding production;
but wlx lu r upon the b'-st or most
exhausted hn l? the committee have been
most decidedly impressed with the wholesome
advantages arising from tho process
of manuring?even widi :l<-raved vegetable
(natter, which requires but licle preparation
to render i" valuable, and tvbich abundantly
surrounds the field of almost every planter.
Although no gien! quantity of this manure
has yet been used in the District, it is
pleasing to find that the minds of our plant,
ors art: new rapidly, turning to this slice!
anchor of their agricultural interests, and
to believe that the time is not far distant
when *hous mds of acres of our now almost
barret, lands, wid smile with such harves
hs w iil well reward the laborer for his toil.
Although your committee could wish, foi
the interest of our planters, that tho sum re.
ported as having been paid for foreign horses,
mules, pork, &c. were less than it is
yet they are satisfied, had the account Iver
taken a few years ago, it would have bccc
cons derably larger; and that tl.e planter*
have now pretty generally ascertained, the
folly of employing all their efforts in th<
production of any one s'aple ;?when
they receive its prico in one hand, they vx
tend it with the o.her, to some foreigner, foi
the aetual necessaries of their own subsis
tence, and such too, as they might rain
with the same, or less labor, than that witl
which they have in fart procured them.
JOHN McQUEEN,
Chairman.
f roni tne boston Courier.
PLOUGHING AND PLOUGHS.
Ploughing is considered by all farmer
as the most important agricultural operation
either as k regards the ir^ne-Jiate crop, o
the future and permanent improvement c
the so.i. The farmer, who so manages hi
fa-Id, as to produce, in the main, the great
est. reword for the labor and e pense b s
timed, will undoubtedly be considered a
acting with a sounder discretion, jjinn h
t
.J .V D
CUERAW
whose sole object is a present crop, wiihout i
. regarding the permanent improvement of
his fields. To deepen the soiloby bringing
to the swfaee a each success ve, ploughing.
a portion of the poorer sub-soi', anil th* r"- I
by exposing it to the enriching influence of
t.'ie atmosphere, and to cover up an I preserve
from washing ruins and wasting
rains,and wasting winds, the light vegetable
e matter upon the surface, as well as :o fanli5
tate tl?? subsequent operations of be husbandmen,
are the only important uses of
, the plough.
Our old fields are rap dly approaching to
? a state of utter sterlifv. At each succ ssive
' rotation of crops the vegetable mould is he.
coming thincr, and the product I'-ss; and
? the plough, in the hands of most farm' rs,
1 so far from deepening the soil, and increasing
is powers or producing, is really ex'
hausting it of all its natural fi-rnlity ; and
( will soon render it. as has already been
VP- !
mi'l (
t'V* I y |M| HM'' VI WM.I'V. i.i.v 1 UII
now absolutely nhan^jQjpjjd by .lie occupant I
Strangeas tho aiiHroT fttay s 'em i' is | |
tn'v? r>lit less truly' 'tMr^HhrxTH g"ii"rally
plough too much. ^Swpoortr sub-sod, i
Ah ch is turned u by 19ml. .first ploughing, >
instead of being kept (JpotfHfcG stirfaee, mi t
it has become < i n died by'-dbulturr and exposure
to tho air, is fough tig im- |
me Jia'ely turned ba<*k agaiftiltyim co! and <
lifeless bed ; and lite mould,
instead of being kept betf^tJfFjphfHo bene I
fit of the crop, is, by tho ftarit&'toocefis ol ?
cross plotig' in 7. brought hpnksffii tlvsur. I
'ace, .till tl.e.v.. a nay hy winds, or v\ u:. eil
a a ay by r m. s.
The manlier of plough rg, en ' t ? kind i
i f ploujj , vvliji (i :s use ! by nimi firrivs,
ha e dsn a t?M.r\ todirilusht n.toiai ?,
j or acq .-I 'd : r i! tv ..t i ?; s ?i!. Wit .
ploughs but 11 1" d.tf ring in cm >1 J" i?-r? i
from com;)] n a *dg (, t ' g? "and is uca f
: t .r.i'd over, bill crowned 11P0 i. fg''*- Or A
:.)'T?iW s iapjK'd upon each other in sue.. a I i
mau.ner as to expose mu< I ol its best pro- ' I
pr dies to waste. T e wrier li.is aseet- j i
t.line I from actual experinn ir, that an a"re j
of Lnd yielding net more tb?n a ton of bay
to the acre, at the usual so .so i of ploug ing x
greens-1.art, sav the t? n h o: Max, con'.-.in-, i
inure tnan vicivc tons ?<f vegetable matter, i
consist.ng ot the roots and to(.s o'grass and ?i
j otiier vegetable remions upon t ? snr ace. j
I .1. i _ ._i .. :? . ,
j uir II u uir IM) . til piim I II II, ?? ill | .
b? s calculated to s< cu'c for ti?* ben? If ol i (
the crop, 11 is mass o; ?nr chiug subsume, 1
I the farmer should no l?<*si a e lo adopt. H > >
compchvly inverting the s*arl. and laying }.
t as flat aiiJ smooth as the na'urc of the '
ground will admit, and thou cultivating the | {,
crops w ithout d sturbing the so I, with the t
application of a light dressing of compost, <
land may not only be k? pt in heart, but won- r
j derfully improved. With one ploughing t
: iit t'os wav, and spreading on one top dres- t
sing of compos' manure, of about t.veny i
cart loads to the acre, and mixing it finely I
| with the poor eaith at the surface, I have I
I raised two crops of grain or roots, and laid j j
I he land to grass. In the ordinary way of j |
; ml ivating, four ploughing*, as many times i
h mowing, and two dressings of manure, are I
1 cons don d necessary. I have then saved
three ploughing*, and as rnnny borrowings, j
one dressing of manure, and at the same
lime have deepened, and permanently improved
the soil, ar.d more than doubled my
crops. Ten years ago, I was upon the
I pomt of abandoning some of mv old fields
t in d- spair. They had been cu| iva'ed in
[ the usual mode of ploughing and Topping,
alternately under the plough, and in grass,
and had become so impoverished, that the
r products were insufficient to cover the ex,
pense of cultivation. The same piece of
. land, which gave me one ton of hay, will
t now, at the same distance of time after layi
'ng 10 gr:'S8, give me three,
i In the cul ivation of land, which has been
5 a year or more under the plough, nearly
?L.. - ? I., in Im nnrcnail r> s nf?r>in 11V
? ill'" saint; uuuis' ?? iu ^ui^u' u( v?|? j
i wlv n it is intended to sow wheat or rye,
t plough your land so as to turn und'-r the
. rich mould, bring to the surface a portion ol
r the fresh earth that has never before be? n
I disturbed bvihe ploug >, and mix this well,
* (if the proceeding crops have riot been well
, manured) w th a light dressing of well rotted
compost, and from twenty to fifty bushels
of slaked liine to ihe acre, and i am con.
fi'Ient you will never require a Legislative
bounty, as an inducement to cultivate who ??.
Good ploughing cannot be effected with,
out ploughs suitably adapted to 'Iv purpose,
s In this all important agricultural implement,
i, I venture tho Hssrrtion, without fear of conr
tradiction? that the Americans have made
f greater, and more useful improvements m
s Us adaj tion and fitness for 'h?* designed
* purpose, wiiiun the last twenty \ears, than
have been made in Groat Britain for acens
'ury. From a convirion of the indisp n- i
e sible necessity of good ploughing to a sue
' H ER .1
;^^waogiggMBggM mi?
, SOUTH-CAROLINA, f
imair, r'.ytr r I'lAummeii tmi'"i Hnawa
f c ssrul tillage, neartwen'y years ??'> I pet
suoled die person, who occuped die farr
I n >\v own, (o send to Holland for an in
proved 8cotci? plough, (I think Small's
which w js highlv recommended in the ngri
nil ural publ atio s of tint time. Tni
was b-. fore the introducl on of the cast iru
plough into tins pa t of tic country. Tlr
plough caine. and I must con ess ! wa
great y asto lislcdat the firs sight of if, nn<
as much disappointed when I wixess-d i :
gieat opera:ions. A huge, misiiapper
combination i f wood and iron, it w is tl)
laughingstock o1' my neighbors, who a
once denounced me as a " book farrier.'
The plough was laid aside, and has beer
kept for show, and in const-uction anf
woikinanship, when compared with American
ploughs, furnishes a striking illustrate#
of the superior skill an I ingenuity of oui
own mechanics, over of tnoso of Europe.
! can now do twice as much work, and dn
infinite!^ better, with Prouty 61 Mears' im.
proved plough, with one horse, md a single
hand, than a yoke of oxen and a horse, and
one add tiotial hand to drive, could do with
the famous Scotch plough.
Public at ten ion was first awakened to
the subject of improvements upon the old
fashioned, wedge.like plough, bv the wriings
of Mi . J- iFerson, who in 1798. published
lis new theory of the construction of
the mould board, formed upon mathematical
and philosophic tl principles. It was in
consequence, of a suggestion from him, that
Hubert 8in .li, oi l' nnss Ivania, in 1S03,
suhstruted the cast iron for the wooden
niouj-l board, for which he ob'ai .ed a pat-nf.
Tins wis the commencement of a
>cries ol improvements wt?i<;l? have resulted
in the substitution of cast Iron nji uti pun
jf die plough, <-xc j?t the beam and handles,
and such has boon the progress in reJueing
this implement to a ii;n<'ss for the
p'jrjii.sr.s designed, *hat the American cast
mo plough, as now coiistruccd, may in
iruth be c nstdcrcd, as it has been denominute.l,
the most important instrument known
lo m m. A!h?u: fl teen years since the cast
ron share came iu'o general use in this
p ut ol the country, ?Vood's Tyco's. Hitch- ock's,
Howard's and l.itt of all Prouty &
Wear's, h.ive each had tlieir share of public
avor, I lia\p particularly attended '0 the
jpcration of aii these, and noticed the de"e.'
is and excellencies of each. About
y? ars ago, Hitchcock's plough, then
u i nerii us**, ;ti '! teg h app.cv <t ?>y the
"iru.i rs ol ;\e?v Y ms uiliuiiu ***d in'o
lesSat'-l-v Mr Proottv. vino wasv\. II ic.
pi.e; u pra I.e.ii us?\ is * II a?
lie .\ .. ?t,- ' "5 of 'lie |>I Ugh. II - s |"'iC??
i, . .1 i i '< ; !? - > - *.'P( i n i al ski'!,
iol!l t ine o im.e, 8"jges* d lO 'i 111 v inous
ri! aliei 'ioi anr'ifiij)r?- - rp its
n :;:i ugh, an t ahou: I vo wars s ue?-,
'rou'v & M? ar's obtained frem he gown
i.eiit, a [> malt foi ill r " improved eas .iron
lloilgi). '
T. e preva |i g ' iffl'Mily w-th ail I ! mghs,
villi iiii* o\c? piioii of ,lie I s iiaiu i*
f)-it i!? force in,ct*>s.irv in the draught, is
ioi t(I dir r ly 10 the centre of resist
W'ut'-rs on his s ibj"et, as well .is
inc ic ii I i?m? rs, have eued in 111 ir notion,
hat the should fx* direc lv
>v r l H' I nd s do of plough and that th
u! of ill cool or, or the position of the
; and .rd, should he squ ?ret, or at a rgiit an:!i
s v\..ii h cm of lie share, thinking that
f the share and coulter make an acute nu;le
on tin- hind -ide,'lie [dough will incline
o fail to he right. Tli-s would be the tenIcrcy,
mi]-ss the other parts of the plough
\re so constructed as to r*;sist nnd ov?'r? oiiic
his inclination. By so placing the coulter
is to form an acme angle with the plane of
lie share, on the land side, the leum is
ironght more directly over the c-'tilre of
the p ough, as is the case wi;h Prouty &
[Wear's improved plough, and thereby the
power 11 cessarv 'o move it, is applied mor-'
directly to the centre of resistance, and the
force required to move it, and overcome
his resistance, is of course less than when
applied on one side. I cannot belter m .ko
myself understood, than by supposing the
land, or left hand side of a harrow, to he
kept on a straight lino with the line of
drnuglr. It will readily bo p??rceiv*Ml that
the lorco necessary to draw it when so pin< * (!,
will lie g'fiiirr llmo if drawn in |J??usual
way, by applying the draught to ill*
centre. This is decidely one of the most
valuable improvements in the construction
of the plough, hat has been mad?in modern
times, and for which the public are indebted
to the ingenuity and skill of Messrs. Prouf)
At M'-ars. A greater euse of draught is nol
the only advance resulting from this improvement.
Another and perhaps grenmi
benefit to its perfect adaption to the end designed
is by leaving the ground in the bcsl
poss ble, condition. The acn e nn.de,
which is made in the land side of the fur
row slice. by th? prculi r construction o!
ilus plough, enables me plouglim ?n to la)
the furrows together, like feat her .cdgei
boards. This, in greenswar \ is very d's
irable, as ihe grass is tiiereby preventer
fiom springing up b''tw en the furrow slice;
much more etfciually, h?n winn fl.e fur.
rows are rut ut right un les. 'l ite grass i;
completely shut in, and will Jiot r pen o in
jure tiie crop, or iucreusc the labor ofculti
vaiion. Not only in greensward, hu: in ol?
ground, the superior manner in wlncn th<
work is done by this plough is very percep.
tible. There is no tendency to crowd tin
ground itvo ridges ; r!, soil is t ?k n up, a
it w? re. an'1 turned over, and l -tl loose, am
in die l> st s ate to derive vegeahle aliinen
from die ?iir, and to tn?h|e ihe roois o
.plants to penetrate, and audio down u
search ol food,
.a d r e r
FRIDAY EVENING, I)El EM
Another advantage atcnding th'1 peruli >r pt
n i*or struetion of Messrs. Prou'v & M-ars i ki
i- plough, is its durability. When the resist-1-o
) anee is all upon one side of die lieain, diore //;
i. *nust he h constant tendency of the ploug i
s to ill" lr!t, or land side: the ft ict on is her - bu
; by increased in this part, and the v\eir, of ab
i* course, is great, r ; hu: when the beam is j rlt:
s placed moreover the ceutreof 'lie p'ough, J ta<
j a id the resiVonce which i' :.as to encounter, of
h is upon both sides of the beam, its movem- nt I
i is more regular, and the friction equal in oil ; na
' |? r.s. Tnfse are some <,f the peculiar ! as
? properties of this plough, which giv*- it a de- I is i
' eid d preference to any ode r now in use. j am
i O.i confenng with some of m\ ne;ghbors, i
I relative to the work of Piouty & Wears' i iri
plough, i; is believed, that in ploughing a ph
i j field of tPn acr"9, the an ount of labor sav- tin
ed, added to the amount gained in conse. Ei
qu'-nee o' ilie improved tiltii, when campar- int
i ed with the work of any oth-r plough, is fully to
equal to the price puiJ for it. t.o'
E. P.
Lexington, M iss. fim
From the New England Farmer.
BURYING BFES IN WINTER. m''
Our last swarm came off in June, and ;,ht
notwithstanding rhe old adage that 4,a swarm dim
in June is not worth a spoon" we should re- he
fuse an offer of two spoons for tht?, and f
more, unless they were vry nice and very ^Ie
heavy. True, the quun'ity of honey vvhich ;'bi
they have gathered is* not very great, but, j sic]
with our way of managing such hives, we i eve
think amply sufficient for their s pplv. We j "E
propose burying hem through tne winter,a , f|,,(
| praciicc which we have adopted in two sue- g0(
J eossive years, and had we continued it th" ??h
( third, our old colony. instead of coming'o m:>
an uiiiitiK i r^hdilv have been ! six.
in existence now through its defendants. j "
My method of burving bees is as follows. ' see
j The operation is performed the las; of No- | ry.
\ vember. Ttie p;t in which ihev are placed j a v
| is dug considerably larger than tie- hives, in I nt
j every respect. On the booin of the pit I
two sticks say of scantling, four inches ma
square, nr<* so placed that a cavity may Lo
, left into which the water if there is any n ay w'i?
! settle and runoff without injury to the bc? s, kn<
; On these blocks I by my floor hoard whieh sha
should be sound and 'oil an inch thick ; if tha
more, no matter. The top of the hive should hat
be covered wi h a two inch plank, or f more li t
convenient, a piece of wide thick slab wi h dll
j the rounding side up, so that if the frost J
; ' om ? not. and heavy rains fall, it may km
?> vt* as n renl to carry the water from over rX(
I toe hive aim tic it it in o the pit below.? tli?i
j Straw is t ifn place I as compact!* as may so!<
he t ?? nid the li .c, and hecaith thrown 0:1 the
m :o form a <c-v above if, which hv
l .
; ai .in operates as a row. ;o urn the wat? i i ?
is if talis, Wtin r g'.rd to the d? pih of bnring
wr; cari only say, t'l .? i.; out f?no r '*
i exp? riments, **e m ver sunk the :o;> of fiic | km
j hive lieiow the surbcc. Whether it w?#uM [ :ha
J be well to do so we cannot say. Some, rec
when burying their be'-s, drive clown a sfiike ; Phi
"near the hive, m th?*y eav to mirni tin; air ; J sul
I hiii we do not see way a stake, drove with 1 ful
! lie earth compualy placed .1 round it, ran |
form nn air mor>athin tic* c.ir?h itself.
And if n eould, w do nor sec the necessity
( oi n, tor the object o; 'uirying bees is lo pur
th'-in ??s niurli is m ?v be in ?*i s a e of dor- ^ro
i mw.y lirougb ihf winter, by which their !
i stock of provisions is lengthened out, to se- | ^ar
| are tliern from sodden and often fatal Hwn- i "
j ges from heat and cold and from storms I r
j aud sunshine. j Th
In s lecting a place for bury ing, it is im. | r
portant that a dry one should oe chosen, and j
wf prefer one that is cold to a warm one, '
| ,.rd could we regulate the condi ion of the
. earth around them, we would freeze it the
! niiht after tlu ir burial, and keep it frozen ' ,ri
iuitil time for tbeir exhumation in the
Th
sjiring. 1
vv e, in both itis'ances of our former bury. "
J in?, took tliem up 9->me of the last days -?f "
, Mirch, aud all 'he dead we found from the
i four hives thus kept would not ball fill a per- d J
! son's band, and on exposure to the sun and "
| atmosphere, the living wero as bright and j Ed
I lively as though they had known no winter, |
I and they gave swarms earlier and more j T 1
| frequently than <Jid the Iiive6 that were not '
j buried, the ensuing summer. F I
Jur
F-orn the Charleston Courier.
MesnRs. Editors.?II n??t intruding on Jol
your columns, the following nniHe may no; | Lk
i be altogether unprofitable ; particularly ut j Is*
i this season of the year, when planters find
I Von tad experience, that a change of over- J J \
' leers is actually indispensable for the better | J >
1 icgulatiun an J successful management of | Tl?
tfu'ir agricultural interests. Permit me then |
(o make n few remarks on the I II
QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES OF OVERSEERS, j Jol
t hit planters may escape t ie too fr?\. j \\'i
, queiil imposition o! those men, who are d< s. |
, Cute in every respect of those qualities on Jol
f v|ii? h the successful and proper manage.. js I
' mentofthe planter's interest entirc'y dc- Eli
I p-'iid.
1st. "Experiencia docel" is n tru'h to j Be
I ivliicti every man of business will readily j M
i tesiilv, nnd I know of no business t' at de- \S i
- nar.ds more of this ingredient than the
< lusmess devolving on the Overseer; and Jol
vlnle experience may justly include every A
- e her qualifica ion, yet human nature teach L)
1 ' fs thMt ;li* rr are such characters in the |
i world us A-now u great ?le*.l hut do nothing? Sii
- to sucii c ar: oteis the Apostic J.nn?s may
3 have alluded wlv n Ii- stud, He that Ga
s knowclh to do good and dooth it nor, to
J, to him it is sin." C'
t 2nd. The Overseer should he a man (to W
f u?.o the lanjuag" of Solomon)tli.it can "dis J ,
i). ern both time and judgnvn!." not onl) how ,
I to uo, but ii'hcn, as a considerable und im- ^ J ,
IET1
T / Z E R.
IBER G, 1839.
L-uiijuiitnggH?i
irtnnt end miy he accomplished by this.
lowledg", which may Imve given origin |
the well-known maxim, "A stitch in |
ne, saves nine."
31. An Overseer should understand Irs j
isiness in such a manner, that he may b"
i!e to have Ins arrangements well ahead,
it he may the better embrace any advance
ihat ni?y present itself in the execu ing
tiie s tme.
4th. The Overseer should s'udy the
ure and disposition ofiiis employer, and
fir as in his power,(consis'ent wi ll what
rijht and just) acquiesce in all : is orders
d icqti s's; nod should the Employer i
ft-nd an ord? r contrary 'o his interest or i
any way confuse the arrangement ol
inl -tiori work, ii should b" poiirc;i out to
Employer by the Overseer, and if the
nployei still wishes his orders carried
0 execuiion, it is the duty of the Overseer
obey, and note the same oil his plantan
day book.
5 h. The Overseer should endeavor to
d out the ability, character and disposition
.lie people under his charge, so that he
y apportion h s work to their several
1 it s, yet without any app'T nt or visible j
[Miction, and as regards their character ;
will scarcely meet any difficulty.
F>th, Tin* Overseer shou d have a tolera* |
knowledge of physic, that he may be;
to aihuinistT medicin> properly, when j
kness d -mauds, and for this knowledge J
try Overseer should be in possession of
well's iMedrtd Companion," by the fre. J
nt perusal of which he will find great '
> 1 resulting from little knowledge?or in
er words, a li.tlo knowledge of medicine ,
y do wonders a: times. A day journal t
Mild certainly be kept,
rili. i- la luphly desirable that an Over ;
t should have some knowledge o i'surgethat
lie may be able with safety to open i
ein, extract a tooth, or bandage a broken
b. t
3th. An Overseer should be a humane I
n, remember the injunction of our ;
rd, "Be ye merciful." at the same time j
bout par iaiity. "That servant which j
?we;h his master's 'w ill and divth it not, j
li he beaten with many stripes," and ;
t servant which did not know it shall i
;e a few. ( hat is, if we have n right to bo. J
re he had an opporiuni'y of knowing the
y imposed.) j
D:h. An overseer should have some
jwledge of Carpenter's work, for every (
vrienced Overseer will if stify with me j
it the set of "blue cloths" nro the almost j
e idlers on every plantation and where
y me not under the control of some posi- i
. 1 1- I. I I '
s'lfH'rifi' naenr, a year s worK nas ueen ,
le < ut o? a n ree month's job.
I'bh- To conclude, an Overseer should !
a >o"er, l.on*st, industrious, humane and I
jwmg man, a man of truth and a man I
t 'fcari'tli h's Creator." Such a man I I
omnv-nd without any hesitation to e very |
inter who may w ish order, discipline and J
ordination, the only way to the success- j
munag< nvnt of the agricultural interest. 1
AN OVERSEER, j
\griculT ualT-onvention.
The following list of delegates we copy !
m the Colombia Telescope.
From Marlboroughnes
Gillespie, John McQueen,
T Ederbe,
Chesterfield
omas E Powr, J Wlight,
Marion
omas Evans, 13 Moody,
Hum Evans
Edge fie id.
Brooks A P Boiler,
nes Terry, J O Nicholson,
Darlington.
omas E Mejver, Thomas P Lide,
II Cannon, sr. J F Ervin,
Wingatc
Fairfield
Mvers, J B Davis,
K Davis, J H M ans,
ward Means, D Elkin
Chester
W Moore, J D Crawford
Richland,
I Elmore, Robert \V Gibbes,
nt-s Gregg. Robert Henry,
Sumter,
in P Richardson, James B Richards n,
St P Do Rose, Thomas J Wilder,
ac Le o r. J W Enjhsb,
Anderson and Pickens,
V Nor. is, J P R -d.
i Garvin. Jesse M'Kinney,
omas Piuckney,
Spartanhurgh,
II Thompson, Jolm Crawford,
m W Hum, Samuel N Evans,
n K Poole,
(Jranpe and St. Matthews.
in M Ft lder, S Gi<?vcr,
} Dwiglit, Jaco'? JS.iowman,
sua Tyler, . D F Jamison,
Lancaster.
njamin Masscy, J P Crockett,
Clinton, John M Baskin,
in Reed,
Abbevil!et
in A Cailioun, P F Moraine,
B Arnold, Jtimes Fair,
L Wardiuw, George M'Duffie,
Newberry,
neon Fair.
Greenville,
mnistrr
Barnwell.
mri' sR Carroll, J II Hammond,
S II viiolds W Gdinore Sims,
mes L) Frwin
Lexington.
A Addison, L Pou,
%
?
JJJi *4t llil
NUMBER 4.
J C Geigcr, W F Percical,
L Boo//*r, H J Caughman.
6>. Phillip's and Si. Michaels.
F D Q iasb, Ur Washington.
St. John's Berkely. .
John II Dawsou, P P Palmer.
St. Andrew's,
W La won, B R Carroll,
W.ti J Bull,
57. Johns Colleton.
W M Murray J Jenkins Micklc#
67. Helena Island.
J A Scott.
prince William's.
John E Frampton.
Prince Grorpe Winy aw.
II F W A lis .on.
>'1,7 Saints.
B F Dunltin.
The committee of fifteen, to prepare bu.
siness for the Convention wfr*?, B R Carroll
W T Eilerbe, Thos. Evans, W II
Cannon, Jas. B Davis, J Gr< org, W ReynoMs,
J P Richardson, A B Arnold, J H
Hammond, F D Quash, J A Scott, B F
Dunktu, W Brooks and F Massoy.
On the second evening of the meeting
following additional delegates were present.
From Fairfield.?W J. Alston, John
AI. Robertson, Burr' 1 B. Cook.
From Sumlcr.?Hon. J. S. Richardson.
From Andtrson.?J. B. Reed, J. E.
Calhoun.
From Rich!and.?R. II. Gootlwyn, D.
D. Fenlry.
From Edgefield.?M. Watson.
From Lexington.?II. Arthur.
From Union.? Z. P. IlerndoriFrom
Prince George Win yaw.?Thos.
G. Corr.
Tin* President called for the Report of
the CVmmitte offiftoi n, wh?n the Chairman,
B. R.Carroll. Esq. submitted the following
RKPOit r.
TlmCommttee appointed to prepare business
for the A gricul.ural Convention, beg
leave nspectfi Hy to repor'.* That after nn
enquiry in which the sentiments of the different
sections of our State have been consulted.
they are of opinion that the follow,
ing subjects are lit and proper for the consideration
of the; convention, viz :
1. The cr<-a ion by the Legislature, of
an Agricultural professorship id the South
Carolina College,
2. The appropriation by the L^gislaturc
of a sum of innrny to defray the experts
of a Geological and Agricultural
Survey of the State.
3. The establishment of an Agricultural j
School in some central and healthy position ?
of the State. f
4. The establishment of a Star Board .i
of Agriculture, meet at Columbia or
somewhere else in the State.
5. The introduction into our free
schcools of some elementary work on Agricul
urc.
In limiting tlieir recommendation to the
propo>i ions alluded to, the committee have
done so with the v:rw of not crowding upon
the concvntlon the cons deration of too
manv to ics of ahouridinf* infpresf. Thrv
? ? -*- *? ? - - ? J
believe that the fault of our Agricultural
meetings h is heretofore been, that theybave
attempted too much, nnd done too little.
Hoping, therefore, that they have selected
such matters as will interest the convention,
they beg to be discharged from the further
consideration of the subject."
The Report having been laid before the
Convention for discussion, Charles R. Carroll,
Esq., addressed the Chair in support of
its recommendations. He was followed by
J.ones H. Hammond, Esq., in opposition,
John A. Calhoun, Esq., and B. R Carroll,
Esq., spoke in reply to Col. Hammoned.
R. R. Carrol, Esq., moved to consider
the propositions of the report separately, and
to add to the first and second propositions*
die words, ' nnd that the same be recommended
to the Legislature ; so that they
would read us follows :
I. The creation, by the Legislature, of
un Agricultural Professorship in the South
Carolina College, and thai the same he recommanded
to die Lpg'slaure.
2. The appropriation, by the Legisla.
ture of a sum of money to defray the expenecs
of a Geological and Agricultural
survey <>f the State, and thai the same be
recommended to the Legislature.
Col. Hammond moved to lay the first
proportion on the table, wi.ich was agreed
to.?lie toen moved to lav the second pro.
position oit the fable, which was rejected.
The Ayes not being sa'isfied, the votes were
i ?k''n . y tellers, when it was found that there
were 31 Ayes and 57 Noes. So the second
proposition was before the meeting.
H. II. Thomson, Esq. moved,
" That upon ihut proposition, there should
bo a division of the question, and that the
vote should be tnk''n on the propriety of recommending
a Geological survey apart from
an A gs cultural survey"
This mo ion was under discussion, when
it was moved by Dr. Arnold, thnt the Convention
do now adjourn, to meet on to morrow
evening at 51.2 o'clock.
kl *
The Convention then adjourned. y
RORF.RT. W. GIBBES. I
Scc'tr. f,
VMM* *
Wednesday. Nov. 27, 18139. j
Tlie Conven ion whs organised nt tiio
hour appointed. The minutes of ti?e prcv- ]f|
ions mcciing wore road.
Tlv President stated that the Convention j
was prepared for business, and that the sub- iJ
jeet for their consideration was " th? propriety
of recommending to tl>e Legislature
a Geological survey apart from an Agricultural
survey of tho State."
Gen. McDuflie cdir^sscd Conremicr
n
J
. / 'M