Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, November 29, 1839, Image 3
JMONR* nwapr lorgci m, kk curlings into t
* *>?*Vpttrovl'nff ot'i^>r?>?!y in winter |
nS wt twgpr* owl at tr years oM should be ;
|$ hatU-rbruSfc and used mcJeratdy at three,
increased in work nl 4, nnd n.filly at 3 will 1<
k, ^ full wtork. but a ?cldn>g not before six,* <
Ep iv rlu^ f. Very ofton, however, they nrts t
^VolugM^I before tliey are aged by imprO
Ind lliett'by snvirai ql'tltc |
* Mjfcfa years of dieir lives ore lost or
f. > , olfactions nrirTy he answen d to
vfbpd#3 us toecame to u close. It is sokt
fc. ** tfuwlhc skinbr of ttilMfoH brods oro fine
end liablu to cbufo find gatf. The #our
feral I be mode to fit, be. of tjood quality
| and k?i>t soft nnd pliant, it is nru""*'"1
jwnat.fik .?.?n \Uty arc Ud tmiipy
pad, arid ficstivo, and uunmnugenbfe. The
J endf'i arfiftil^irj onfyf The "fin'.si. and tto
best ramper cd, and altogether the best,car., j
riiigo hMte f cv?r ww, was n Pjvolet out
oJ^fyrSptZ Eagle. . And as to the restive,
bafmmktfibitri young updioorn then ohf. $
dft^ely tl^ih nod;.k ey p^ dtem ^ obcUfrnt. b
a ntty wbooc siro bad a decidedly bad teml*r
dtifuha otre trow equally vicious. ?
abq won worked tolerably well -at three d
JW' o^t ft* "T" ?1? ?A so Inucli by 4ou- i
otlier twyn that she was turned out for the c
m 009000. ?mh# next your refused. Shi: I tl
4wed in*ufor the saddle, an-! a U
00k? thoCwarica kindly, before I sold h-r, C
a#d a better roadster ihnn I er is raruly to
oft btgcco. 1 had two fiUioa' full brvJ. The
One waa.jnu.fo wort ut tbrea years old and
^prtnAiJa&dly. The o'.her was.a^ph-vdid
taftplUfy^thuti used under the saddle ; but
Of) -Ono otj?ioo mfcl widyout requiring hor
vodpt but r*thec to ses* whei her situ would 1
f&Ll pwt Jtor to the plough. As she did
fearing slw cniuht Imb injured,
workodaf&fl br^mi!*; same familv ; and ?j
CO,see that they wu$j work, and they are ?
n?W;tK>tl? valu?bl? brood inaivs, the thor* ?
IPf^Vukd a splendid marc. and 1ms u splen- '
\
H5 m -1 - - 1 . l
? ' ?1
At 12 o'clock to-day. Tuesday, Nov. l
211, Hi# &x?ej(ency, Governor Noble, trans i
rnitted 1*> tho General Assembly, by Col. c
BenuUrt T. Watts, t!u$ following Message, ;
whfeiywrt* reud by him in both llou??*. t
L Kxfccmva Oefaktm rnt, > *
Coluinbi >, S. C. Nov 26, 183J). J '
, f tiiw C({?ri?i o/"me Moitwf |
and House of Represented/ves : j:
locking u retrospect of tlic past year, t
our most devout gratitude is c&llod into live* r
ly *xorci?e, to U?e Almighty Dispenser of
Ejjjfe ~P jeood^fw--llw.jrery, abundant harvest* ?
w 1 ui which rWMwS'buen pleased to reward e
tt? toils of the husbandman. Tho teem* c
*:>g earth has brought forlh in grooi prufu- V
aiott ajl the produce of the soil usually cul- t1
tlynfed. Hut throe sitrnul UcSKinea !im-? tl
fkljfar'&ik **
\V'$<i Pnyrilenr.u, by vrtiuitions ?>f> painful ?
aist 'melancholy character. D?sou?e has c
ul&L-ted a portion of our S.otu, and death p
I has cg??igued to tho :omb mnny eminent 1
& on?i valuable citrons?men, dbmuguithed
for their eltir.ing virtues, great totalis and it
4^9 ? mem bur if i!?o Confi Jerticy, Sou h w
Curohiio must necessarily f? el a #k ep inter- o1
est in titu tajklntidn of ihn (jw'nerul 3ov?ro- In
went; and m looking toward* ihe ??r?ou* a\
import-m' sotyccu which inny prolwbly, at 'i
n early day, em;joy tlw deliberation* of ffl
?HE ^ -- <
vungr'.MMsow munuon *w be arretted Itv vi
one tofwc of ?o?t mngniuido, prrgnaot wJtfi ?|
faiure we:?i or vuv, iw '.i shall botmtlcd. I ni
wtm the Tari(T <ju?8:i<?n. lly the Com- d
pforniliu Act of liW8. *' wn? provident.that in
M the gradual nducti on ot' I he dtrits, they H
id?oy!J ho hfuu^ht dn.vfi to *20 [?r ccftf, in u
1842, wlwch will risen ho il?ir offabliflhed c;
rstft?, ?inU*fl*tU< j?n>o;sr;f, in the rm-muirm?, ?
a^etVb* luVredt by U>v. JJut i!??? same net* n
: 4 rononvenl ti
|v. ? ?? > W?w lipoH- the int. jfl
wou>4 roi?* a funTmcfit .rniomfc ?w
? Jkr ttiu ;M ??irn;ieJ pttrpos'.-s of '4b
i*.' . 2grv;> X|?' :d#(tTi.-Jr? to thi* reduction ir
Ci' : .? [?!? ??'). 's felt !0 in- h?
; >he ,>ro- fl
JBl'Miiulit 1-fai tbo
rWbw wffcwa timB?3BSTe$ i
nrt BWih iff mumifin thfi? flMMld rinmrmd
tho repeal orsuch onerous laws. in a voice 1
which thdtif R'preJb? taunts would not dare tl
10 disregard. If the Government would c
?nmutto adopt the system of direct taxes, b
tnd attempt todritw such largo nm from o
tit* people, It would Mon bo discovered that p
ho t?ix-p.iy iog eittgoho would not, for mo.
wftt, endure the burthen. The vefy fed, p
bat oacli mna in the community would than ti
(now (tie preetsn Ofoomtt of tax which ho gt
[mid, establishes tlto Soundness of tho pro. w
msition, tUm in a popular government, di- o(
root taxes are lpbu preferred to tpooe wkidL tl
tru indirect. But if the change cod not now ui
bo introduced into our Federal legislation, si
he adjustment ofthe Tiriff, upon such mo- t>
h$catioos as will conduce to tho peace, d
bdrinonf, a ad integrity, of the Union, it sol- tr
Mnnty required, as m il by tbo dictates of tl
wkdanb<M of patriotism. Tho past Itiato* tc
fy sprour cdhutry will' indicate thOfv^OgK rjr
wbRb are to b6 Oroiibd^-wib of a menh- >ai
ping aspect. The planting States will not n
endure protective duties. TVy will insist, c<
lie: duties shell be laid uxc usively for rev- h
mon. and that no more revenue sttsll be ft
sited, than is required by tlip economical u|
rents of lip Government The people of I)
la* soctHHt contend for a uniform a?l valo- si
em duty upon all importations, upon a scale tc
graduated with reference to diaiishcd qx- pi
wndfturcs, and lite economical demands of tl
he Gavert ntent.
Prom tho Cotnptroller*# Report, tho fol- di
awing abstract is obtained, exhibiting the ju
ondition of the Finances of the S.etu, on oi
lie I4 October, 1939. ih
Hie utrlrnwn b dunces of A
oxisjing appropriations ol
inmbunt to #106,130 25 in
The usual and necessary ot
appropriations for* tho m
yoar 1840, 4 $282,420 00 it
\ MUHuj*. b56 36 S
fio meet th? wiiiHoHt of | oi
wnicli, t|i?*v i* ca\U iii in
hi) two Tr?ngunW?., > - U*
October Int. 1889, 113,067 68 *|
bud nett mount of taxes tir
to be collected iti 1840, 200.000 00 *e
Making, 6408,087 68
Which will iohvc only u balance of about ha
12,500 in the Treasury, oil the lit Octo- p0
er next, without the prospect of any re. js
epts until the faxes shall be collected and ihi
aid into Uiu Treasury, in Muy and Juno thi
841. * of
It is important in know the precise situ, of
lioa of t'to State, in p i nion to the debts m
uo by it, mud the futuia belonging to it, to 0i
inset i hose debts. For this purpose* I linvo 0i
a used a statement to be prepared, ng pi
liis information, nnd hi ruwith rommuuica.
id. From this document,-tlie following to
cin rul result is obtained : hr
Aggregate umount of c<
funds belonging to fat
the State, $3,680,830 21 f0
Do of deb'.S tji
due by tlui S.uV, 3,030,343 81 qt
sc
Balance in favor of tho si
Stuto 8o91,588 40 is
But it is proper to state, that in tins ?
imount nf debts, duo by tho State, .is incJu- L
i.j ihu il.nm.mu ?rsi om AOO no nf ?i~?
? k" ws VV VI |l\
Surplus revenue of the United States. In th
iddition to tlte above liabilities, ilie State is St
espousiblc lor the rebuilding of Charleston, ac
tad tor the guarantee of the two millions es
nun, fof tbo Louisviiin, Cincinnati, and th
jnnrleston Rail llond. la
The B.mk of tho State of South Caroli- ial
in is in a sound con lition, and under the tit
>rudcnt management of an <(licicnt Direct- In
>ry, nod able and assiduous officers, it mcr- au
t? ) our continued confidence. The profits bl<
>f this institution, the present year, ore su
1210,000, which sum has been carried to vu
lie Sinking Fund, now amounting to se
1948,(158 39. 800,009 of this amount hi|
viil bo applied, on the 1st January next, to k(
>ay the holders of the 6 per cent. Stock of a i
his S ate, created under an act of the Leg. ur
slaturo, passe J in 1820, and redeemable on of
lie above mentioned day. I herewith sub. af
ntl the Annual Statement of tlio Bank. cr
The true condition of the. Banks of the wi
I a:o, is at all times, a subject of deep inter* I i
tst to tho people, but more especially at a th
rists like tlie one in which we are now
>U?cvd. For the purpose, of exhibiting to a)
itt |tuuiiv uicir ptcft-iii vuuuiiuu, i appnau 10 go
torn for statement*, shewing their reepec* pc
ve liabilities and asset*. Wish s r-raise^ pi
'orlhy promptitude, each of thom re spond, ini
d jo llm coif, bv furnishing me with re* tuj
tfrts jm iho tovorui points of enquiry, which we
now lay before you for your information, ait
The country was just recovering from of
ic shock which the revulsion of 1S37 had pu
roduccd. wlton another crisis in our mono* 101
try nffiirs, accompanied by the suspension su
Fspecie pnyments by sonio of the Bunks, ga
is again thrown the business and com- esi
terco of the community into confusion.? tio
'he frequency of these suspensions, do. inj
ions'rotes the existence of wmo inherent w)
ices in* tho Banking system, or misrnan- ?Qt
I... .1 ?I 1 ' ?
; hichi uj iiium ttuu control us npffinum, gn
id adinioixu-r itssH'uits. It becomes your en
.lyr ns 4ho guardiunh or tlto rights and Cc
itureste of the people* to take care that the a
^ public receive no detriment. You are glc
rg< d by every contUWation of sound mili. lat1
jr* and a just regard to tho wutfnro of the pri
Miutry* to probe the evil to tlie bottom, yw
nd* by tlie application of .the proper rome- ex
irs, to brjng tack tliese moneyed corporaous,
to a healllry performance of their <* <
inction*. liMMsxi* the Bunks are as much i *m
peadated in. tiro investigation nnd reforms- 101
ail offfjeso defects, its tlto community ; OS
w? without nn vflic.icnt n rnedy, the Bank- All
ig *\'3 rwua^ terminate in convulsion. co>
hen it i* fheimbnea. "lljp a*?--s ft ch
nwnvet* tlie m?wht<*f rr?fflrA-^ipao the tht
enlts alono, then it Would be a rnarter po
!.? ini_i_ ?
5b 'rf rtw ??*
ra am country, which are the int ra*
ntli. of od out ooRMMfoioi oicbtoMi
IV# value of property, of every desoriution,
bt disturbance of rho relations between
rcdtlor end debtor, end ia (act, the whole
infra of society, ia oil its rainifionitons,
psrienos the disastrous sBecte of thin deraeistton
Mho currency. This is aot en
Mpnoiod picture of the evil. The misemioa,
by the Bonks, iss departure from
10 purposes for which their charters were
raqlsd, end o plain violation of those duties.
Men era enjoined upon them, in the terms
f ther? creation. The previous history of
mi country, ia relation to chartered competes,
snforeus the necessity of placing new
ifcwguards to prevent the evils which haw
Den felt. All charters, which confer ex
lucive privileges on certain persons, blanch
upon the equal rights of the rest of
? community. It is certain, tltey require
i bo raopalned hp thmel ?eeewnente ; end
at tad charters, by winch artificial pennna'
re erupts it, are held op ai containing nil the
tgularions concerning them, within tho
ompotdncy of the Legislature. It might
r wise and politic, to prevent future cvil,i
?r tho Logislutern to pass a general law
pon tho subject of all charters, suhsoquent-1
'to be granted, reserving the right to make I
tcli further provisions, as inay be required
iktep them within the limits ofthoir ap.
ropriats duties, and compel them to fulfil
objects of their creation.
In giving you u information of tho con.
i:?on of Uk> State,'* I should foci dial I was
isily obnoxious to tho charge, of neglecting 1
ae of the most important branches of inustry,
were I to be silent on the subject of
gricuhurr. This pursuit of the great mass
F tho people, has maims upon your foster
g care and attention, It is tho source of
or wealth, and power, and furnislrcs the
tcans of our commercial cichaogfes. Yet
i importance eecms never to havo boen
sulizcd hy uthorUi-'v afllr
taic s for '? ta a lamentable truth,' that while
her braches of industry have received an
npulsc, by wholsomo laws, the great in.
rests of Agriculture lure been passed by
most with silent contempt. It ia now
no for tho State to dismisa from hor connla
thia cold indifference, and to take such
tion on tho subject, as will p.omoto its
ocess. In exploring the causes which
ve retarded the progress of the Statu in
pulntion, wealth, and importance, none
more prominent than tho utter negt?*ci of
s primary pursuit. It cannot bo doubted,
at South Carolina once possessed a soil
unsurpassed fcrtili'y. But this rich gift
' a kind Providence, has beon, in a great
ensure, lost by a most pernicious coursu
' husbandry. A largo portion of this
icc fourisiitg region, blessad. too, with a
-opitinu* climate, has boon'reduced to storty.
Yet, all liopc of reclaiming and resring
to its wonted productiveness, our ex.
mated soil, is not in vain. It is a nenefL
ml provision of a good Providence, that
neath the surface of the earth, are to be
und substances of tho most fertilizing
laliiics. Their discovery, however, re.
it res the appliaation of science, and means
Idom possessed by individuals. It is, jo
jch a cose, that a wise and patriotic Legluiure
should oxtend its aid. But to subrve
fully, the interests of Agriculture, the
egislature sliould not confine its operahu
to n Geologies I Survey alone. With
is should be connected an Agricultural
jrvey. While the former would bring us
:qi minted with aii the substances which
iter into the composition of that portion of
earth to which we can have accjpss, the
iter will elicit a mass of information, in re.
titin to every thing that concerns agrirul.
re, which cannot fail to be highly useful,
i other countries, the utility of agricultural
rveys lias been folly proved, by the valua.
a results. Rut, in carrying into effect
ch surveys as have been mentioned, the
luc of tnc results would depend upon the
lection of on individual, possessing the
ghest qualifications, combining a profound
lowledge of the subjects of invrstigMion,
lound discriminating judgment, and an
itiring cal and industry. The expense
such a project, should not be weighed
initial the inculculabio importance of the
id proposed. Being deeply impressed
iilt the practical usefulness of such surveys,
earnestly recommend that you provide for
eir accomplishment.
But while the development of the physic,
resources of our country should claim;
large u share of your serious attention,
ipular education ought to hold the firs'
see :s your caimatten, It is knowledge,
tcllectunl, moral, and religious, thai consn.
tea the man. Without its possession,
enlth would bo a curse, instead of a blesig.
Besides, the stability and permanence
our republican tnsti utious, have their only
loraniue, in an intelligent, moral, and relig.
us population. H'?ncr, tins important
hi'-ct litis commanded tlie warmest repit.
iif atlui K?vii n?. Th*
labliscmcnt of tlw College, and the adopn
of the Peer School system, arc cndur>
I monuments, to the memory of those, by
lose sagacious eilbrts they were brought
o existence. The former, front small be.
wings, has risen to a proud eminence
long the literary institution* of our grai
mfedcracy, ane is annually sending forth
band of well educated youths, the future
rjr and ornament of their country ; the
ter, although based upon the soundest
nciples of a free government, has not
tl'fed ell these betmnta which ita intrinsic
ccllence ao justly deserved; At your last
wioiH CommlMnofiura were appointed, in
rry election district of tlal State, to exam.
.1 f? U_L | j
r?po?t 10 the Rtewtifo tueh amendments,
alterations, m thoy might deem useful
u?y of these commksionen, with a very
rmnendubto fceaf -and ability, hnvo dis.
rgeil the important duty autgnad to
im, whuo ottiora ltave ftiilod to make re.
rta. Iftohcdtenco to your resolution, 1
re Ji.oed the "tf.por's which hare he?r,
hinds of conmiwion oftsro
nortfrdvoon Elliott sod Thosw .
stklI io b? exam mod by them, and a aya'
mm 4 hudovisod, and submitted to you, at
| rtto Mpwt session. Their report, as noon
as proofed. shall he transmitted to you,
i reports of the district commiait
fiords mc unfeigned piensure, to an.
noun* to you. thai the College continue*
to pdwer the high expectations of the
Staky It is rapidly advancing in a career
of prpporitjf and usefulness, which must re.
dounj to the lasting benefit of the country,
ftts odily increases in numbers, although
the sbndurd of admission is higher than for.
merljf I ardmi'ly recommend this nohle
ioslihtion to your paternal and fostering
caio. The S ate con only expect to maintain
is wonted high character,by an enlight.
encd population, well grounded in solid
Icnrming. and a lofty moral elevntion.
. /a a free government, there exists a ju?t
jealousy of standing armies. The history
of all natioaa justifies this feeling. Its re.
cords ore replete with instnnccs of their din.
ger to liberiy. Our anchors had a prao.
tical knowledge on uiW Kjoct, which led
thfm to gunrd.by constitutional ro?trion'nns,
against their tn.rodufction. Hence, the mliance
of the frnmers of our constitution, on
tho Militia, and the provision for organising,
arming, and disciplining it. Hence, the
recognition of the great political truth, that
a woR regulated Mtli is is essential to the
safety of a froe State ; and certainly our
ancestors were not deceived, in their estimate
of the dependence which might be reposed
in its efficiency. For the purpose
of dufensivtt warfare, it will not bo hazarding
too much, to nss'Tt that Militia are equ-it,
if not superior, 10 mercenary troops. The
noblest and highest motive that can actuate
the bosom of m in, impels the citizen soldier
to draw his sword, to repel tho invader of
his soil, and to defend his altar and fireside.
It may be conceded that, for purposes of
foreign conquest, regular troops arc more
available. But, happy fo?- us that it is so |
this great Confederacy of Republican
States, Is, from its character, pacific, and
lissver csn bo prone to engage in wars merely
for winning glory, or acquiring foreign
donvnion. From these considerations, we
learn the vast importance of a well regulated
Militia. To prepare them to fulfil the
high destinies for which they are intended,
care should bo taken, to irainond discipline
them in times of pence ; but this duty upplios
more especially to the offences. 1 am
aware tliut freemen will not submit to thus*rigid
rules; which are applicable to the regular
soldier: nor is tins required. The idea
is not cn.ertainnd, that tho private militia,
man can ought to b", subjected to the same
degree of rigorous discipline, as a soldier, in
tnc regular ranks. Indeed, it is questionable,
whether tne attempt to give the private
miltia-man the automaton precision of the
l#oldier, should be matte at all. It is not believed
to be essenti-.l to the poifcctitin of
our system, that any such ut'wtnpt should
i be made- But the case is wid? ly different
with the militia offers : they may bo instructed,
and brought to a high d"gree of
discipline in tho military art. And if the
ofictrs have attained to a r< spcotahli; do.
grec of knowledge, it will not be difficult for
them in a period of actual service, to tram
their men, tn a short time, in all the duties
of tho soldier. South Carolina has acted
on the assumption of this idea : arid all her
militia laws look particularly to a body of
well trained and disciplined officers. And
perhaps to instrument has been more'useful
in accomplishing this end, than Brigade Kit.
coinpmcnt*. It will bo rcudily admitted,
that .heseassemblages are attended with
qiuch inconvenience to the officers and sergeants.
But liberty can only l>?; maintained
at the expense of great sacrifices, and etcrnal
vigilance. Exemption Pom inconvenience,
would bo an inadequnte compensation,,
for the case and activity of despotism, which
would follow the introduction o( standing armies,
in the place of the Militiu. Nevertlieless,
the Legislature should seek to render
the performance of his duty its littlu onerous
as possibe, consistent with the great
object to be effected. Pcrhapi the system
bears with more oppressive weight on ttie
sergeants, who nro compelled hy Ihw to
<crve a limited time, uu matter what may be
their means. To alleviate tho burden us
much o? possible, I would repeat the recommendation
of my predecessor that rations
should be issued to the officers and serge*
ants, of Brieade Encamomrnts. 1 hern
I o r " ? #
wiili transmit the Report of the Adjutant
and Inspector General, for tpe year 1839.
Perhaps nothing cxhibi's the progress of
civilization more stnkmgly, thun well-con.
strue'ed highways iliroughout a country ;
and surely nothing conduces more to the
enso and comfort of the citizen. In a community
like ours, w here the articles transported
by tho planter to market, are heavy
and bulky, the necessity is doubly urgent,!
to construct such highways as w ill fntilitutu
tho transportation. Thu repairs of tlie
roads, by the existing laws, depend upon
tho labor of inhabitants, for not more than
twelve days in the year. The system ope.
rates unequally. While the labor bestowed
upon certain portions of the roads is sufficient
to maintain them in good ord'-r, in
other portions, the same labor would be
wholly insufficient. From the face of the
country, its unevenncss, and the nntuio of
the soil more labor will be rentiircd in some
Mictions, than in others. A pa in, those portiotis
of the Country, which lie more contiguous
to'he market towns, from tho greater
amount of travelling over th?*n? with
heavy wagons, nnd often from the nature
of the soil, and irregularity of surface, re*
quiro vastly more work to put and keep
them in goo I ord r? than oilier portions, j
more remote, and more favored, in the cir. j
curnstftiiccs mentioned, floner, one por. I
lion of tho inhabitants, is subjected to a
greater degree of labor, than another, nnd
not exclusively for their own benefit, but for
tho benefit of perhaps u rnoro numerous
class, who have expended no labor on these j
roods. To remedy this inequality, nnd in.
justice, presents a difficult question. If.
however, tlto twelve days* labor, most faith.
p
** ' - .
" . r
fully ?rp*ndod, which the inhabitants J
bound to bestow, would place the highwi
In n serviceable condition, the ineonvoniev
oofnpUHicd of would be.the loss ragrettt
But, from the difficulties, already poim
out, this amount of work, however faithfu
eaecuted, would, is many places, be ine
flciont to otCict the object, Hence, H oil
happens, that tho planter has to encoun
such h wretcliod state of highways, as
cause great damage of vehicles and hors
and much consumption of time ; and,
many instances, tho bad conditio* of I
reads presents sn utter nbslucle to ftiril
progress. It is probnble that the indut
ro?nt which tho Legislature, by a lato o
has holdout for the formation of compani
to cs'abltsh turnpike roads, will fail of
purpose, as men cannot be persuaded
vest money in any enterprise, without
fair prospect of a profitable return, in
slut po of interest, or dividends. I trust y<
wisdom will be able to devise some rome
for these groat evils. Before leaving 1
subject, I would rccommund what has
ready been pressed upon your eonside
tion, by one of iny predecessors, thut
Commissioner of tho Roads through
thu? State, should bo allowed to comm
labor, for money, in all cases wliero
person huble to rosd duty, might prefer
Tho money thus roisod, to constitute a fu
to let out, in contracts, for repuiring,
keeping i in repair, certain portions of I
rond?. .
The LcgtslnturfvJ^flj^^^^^B^'Act <
Art of
to
Charleston
the
uad
rure the pftylVi>l^Py|^|^pW^I liter*
j rvnJ, is iu4wf*l jftostr
projvrty, and Aj?fl
the suid ('ompMlP HRfiKw rnij
ntlrrwards mc
the part of the dWMUjflRwMriMtfncontra
in priority and pVw0MHWWlty othor d
which the said comfrjny wigu then, or
ny other time, oiStK"' Bui, at the sa
lime, llwi COmimnv Win iillnwnd. in mm
should purchase th#*Ra?lfoau of tho Sou
Curoliuu Canul ?od Roil Koati Com pa i
to mortgage (ho said road to tlto said So<
Curolinu Canal aOd Railroad Company,
any sum not exceeding two-thirds of I
purcltase-mouoy, and givo to the Soi
Carolina Canal nod Rudrond Company,
lirn thereon, in prefHfcnce to tho mnrtgu
of tho State. Tho Louisville, Cinclnm
and CluxrleCOn Railroad Company <
purchase thn'South Carolina Canul w
II tilroad. ' A largo balance, of abi
8'J00,??.ltthe purchase-money, still
mains (iWjfbrwhich a lien upon the re
; exists, undfer which the road is liable to
sold, to ruisc the money in cose of the f;
uru of tho Louisville, Cincinnati, ti
Charlesion Railroad Company to make p
meut. Tins sum is due the 1st of Juiiui
next. As the South Carolina Canal a
Railroad is the principul security which i
Slu e possesses, for its guarantee of the X
millions lonr., it may be highly import
for tlto S'utt to look to the sufficiency ol
Ia n. It seems that the Louisville, Cine
nati, ond Charleston Railroad Company c
not, in time, raise tho necessary mea
from its own stockholders, to ineot tl
engagement. Hence, it become* a qu
lion, winch deeply concerns the State, w
course it ought to pursue, to secure an
elusive In n, l?y the removul of this inci
branrr, which st mds in its wny. It \
my duty to give you the information ; it
longs to your w*sdom, to decide on
course you ought to tuke.
Ttie Judiciary system, since its last
otgunizuiion, seems to perform its fundi*
in a manner answerable to the expectntu
' of the Legislature. Yet it seems to t
' lint ihu system would be more oomph
by tlm creation of Inferior Courts. 'I
former trial und rejection of county cuu
in the State, is not u fair test, by wh
now to condemn them. They were tli
but purtiully used, and only in the up|
country. Tito little progress which t
portion of the S:nto had then made in inte
gence, was calculated to expose them
contempt and ridicule. But now, a d<(Ter
state of thwVge exists, and these useful in
tutions, which prevail in every State of
Union, except this, would be found vnlua
auxiliaries in the administration of justi
and in the management of tlm police of
districts. If adopted, the duties now p
formed by the Ordinaries, might bo adv
tfigeouxly transferor! to these tribunals
Tuey should bo vested with jurisdiction I
limited amount in cases of contracts, *
misd>'meanors. And a I the powers n
exercised by the Commissioners of
lloads. the Poor and Public Buildin
should be vested in litem.
Tltc trial by jtirv, is justly estecrr
amongst us, as one of the birth.rights
fn nncm, and is, by our constitution, je
ously guarded against invasion. It it
strong defence against usurpation or <
prcssiot) in public prosecutions ; and in
decision of private rights, usuul'y ofTord
tribunal impartial and at the same time i
bued w ith a useful portion of the neighb
hood feeling and intelligence. But, in p
nort'oti a? tlm in?liimi?n i, ? ? ....
, ? W--? .?? -? ?# ? ? W V4I(|)I WtVJ | c
high m public favor, stroul'J be tho euro
km to render it perfect in-in operations
Its necessriiy tendency, is to deviotii
from that exact uniformity of decisi
which, in like circumstance*, would reni
to ('very one the like measure of jusiii
and a* fur a* practicable, without undue
Taint*, these deviations should be ciret
scribed. Whether this injurious tendji
may not be increased by the various ha!
and tempers of various Judges, and li
far, if at all, it would be well to control
| discretion of tiio Judges, in their suuiiuii
of facts to tho Jury, are questions left
\our wisdom to determine* So, u!so,
the question, whether it is expedient to
tempt tiny means more eflectuul, than
practice in appeals, to correct the err
which, under even tho best influences, jui
oii?-n commit, in m t^ors of n i<?id Ian- t
*' J".1!'- ..J.'...,. ~,r.
it* fad ; or1?M?HiiTies,ovon in pure matt?**
ijra of facts committed 10 them. Our provisI**
iocs, aa to I ho drawing Ol'jurtos, saattp well
od. adapted If guard n gainst the partiality of
ted aummooing officer*, and to secure a panel
lily above suspicion ; but il still sometimos''hap.
i?f. pens, that a party is obliged to submit his
[en esse to jurymen, from one or more of whom,
ter he has reasons foi npprehending injustice,
to although ho can muku no challenge, upon
us, sufficient legal ground ; and a verdict is
ill renderud, #tnch would huvu been materia!,
the ly uttered, by the change.iif one, or ut most,
wt two jurymen, from wli'cit al! icliuf, by ap.
:e- peal is hopeless. Wliutlior, without any
tct, material etiange in the prac'ice of our courts,
cs, the right might not be given to every party
its litigant, to strike without cause, une or
to more of tho jurymen, from the list offered
t a to him, 1 also present, as a question for
the your considers ion, with a belief on my pnrt,
>ur stmt such u right, might bu conferred with
dy? great ndvautuge. ?.
the The public executions of' capital offiroL
dors,, is an exhibition, which is believed to
ra* exert un injurious influence upon the minds
the and morals of the p'eopK The terror, with
out which such scenes should strike.the bout*
holder, is often converted into sympathy
the for tho supposed sufferer, whoso exit has
it.* sometimes tho appearance ofasort of. hind,
umph, utterly inconsistent with tho horror, : .
incT which should be inspired by his crime. In
the all cases, thu imagination Mould invest tho
dread sanction of the law, with u horror,
an- not felt in witnessing the infliction. Tho
the heart which would be hardened by the sight,
be might be subdued by the consideration <>1
md tho fact, knowij to occur', but hidden .io(l
|ad clothed in tho solemnity of darkness- :tind
HL privacy; and, instead of the wicked tfUg
m,- gestions, and brutal excesses, win.-!i .?lten
MP attend and r 'suit froin public Npoctucie* of
lib, suffering, and public discussions of the suf_ I
ich fercrs' misdeeds, good influences m.g'.i'. a:.
?ht tend thwjpalm reflections which would tol.
irt. low of the otf iiilera' being cut
on off sHtittk'iympathy or support. Tins is
ict, porlihjgfiBffeciully true, in 'lie ease of u slave
ebt surrotfMlB4s lie' generally is, by-his fellow
at slaves. *1 thereforo suggest the propriety
me of nil executions being conducted in some
i it private place, und in the presence of such
til* poisons Olllv as tllQ law shnll ilnni.fn-ti.
,. - . - * ?r e *"
ny, 1 herewith transmit the t'uittwn of tiio
nth ! free white inlmhitanta of this taken
for in pursuance of the net passetHnthe Inst
the session of the Legislature. Tho whole
Jth number in aceriniuod to be, 207,117.
> ? in obedience to your resolution of hist
gc suasion, requiring me to corresp^d with the
tti, Executive of Ceorgia, for th<*^purpovo of
iid obtaining information on the subject of the
nd controversy between that State and the
5ut State of Maine, in relation to an alleged biro.
fraction, on the part of the lutter, of that
?iid part of tliu Constitution ofthc IJni ed Sta'c*
bo which relates to fugitives fro in justice, I heg
lil- leave to inform you that 1 have perform,
ind ed that doty, rind herewith transmit the docuy?
uments, shewing the prsfeut state of tht
?ry\routroveivy. *' < ' ' " '
ind 1 transmit to you the proceedings of the .
lire Legislatures of several States, on various
wo subjects of suppose I common concern to
ant tell the Stales, wli ch uro laid before you ut
Tits their request.
tin- 1 also invito yonr nttoniion to the copy
an- of an act, passed by the Legislature of the
ins, Sinte of New York, 4,to nuthorkvt the arrest
njir and detention of fugitives from j.,s ice,
es. from other States ntul Territories or tl.n
hat Unitod Slates," transmitted to me for the
ex- purpose of b< ing lui'J before you, with a
im- view of procori tg the passage of a himiiIht
was law by lit! the Stales. g
be- It has been suggested to nio, by a comthe
inunieqtion from Daniel Brenr, Ksq., Unied
States Consul nt the city of Hurts, in the
re- Kingdom of France, that great difficulty
alts and embarrassment' nru constantly exper..
jns enced, by citizens of th? United States,
ne, and otlifcr 'persons abroad, from tin* w^nt
ite, of some'uniform. and .simplo mode of ne^he
knon lodgement, of de' ds of conveyance of
itim real esuite, and other propvTtyf si u t'c in the
tcli ,several Slates of this Union, exoc.v.ed
ten without the limits of tint United Smtea.?
per This mutter npp?\irs to h?> ehtitlell to your
his considers* ion. I therefore, in accordance
Hi- with the request of Mr. Brett', lay hi*
to tnuttication before you, containing the profill
ject of n law, to remove tlm difficulty nii,1
sti- embarrassment compluined.of.
the |t will ntFord me sincere pleasure, to coble
operate with you in nil measure-?, ca diluted
ice, to advanco the happiness utid pro-?p't ?*>' ?-t
the our common country: utitl 1 .sjpp.c re thu
*r- Supreme Ruler of tlm I m verse, <o to d.nu
rec.t your deliberations, that yoti.- ! tbur.i
.? may conduce to litisbonefieient rts !r.
on PATRICK N'OBUn
DW is T|1C YELLOW FEVER INFECTtOL'S
Extract of u I till or from St. Augustine
ir.s ,
b' published itt the Cli irlcstou Courier
ted **ln con>wqaenco of the occutretico ot
of more than one frost, I think it rn ay be su<l
aL that tlic sickness of litis place is at tin end
i a Lieut. Snath, ofth'^lJ. S. service, <h d the
up- dny before yesterday. It would seem from
the all that I c?IF learn, that a diversity of opius
u ion pievails, nj: to the causes of disease.- in
Some considering tliem to be local, but a
or. vast majority of the people believe that tlrt
ro. Fever was imported froin Charleston. 1
ind tiuvc not, as yet, made up my mind on. the
tn. subject ; but nrn engaged in the collect on of
.? evidence on botli sales, and from the parti/.ins
?ns of either doctrine.
on, Tlio more I reflect upon the subject, tl?o J
dor more seriously am I convinced o( the trans.
:e ; mismibility of Yellow Fever, from oiu place
re- to another, nnJ the extension oi";he dieoasc;
mi provided, tlie condition of the n'mosphere
icy bo favor tbio to its propnga.inh. And yet,
bits I do not believe the dis'Xtsc to be oonlugcoiis
iow in the s rict Rigniftcniion ot that w??r?I; nor
the is it exr/usine/y of foreign origin. l-\>r in
rigs purucuiui whuiu iuCui C .usu uir
to present, and the atmosphere of.Chnrlnston,
is i? approximated bt heat and otlu r circumat
stances, to that of the West Indies, I can *J{
the readily conceive ihui like eliects would flow g^
ors from like causes, and that u northern man, J SL
rios coming under such circumstances, into the g
tnd City, would bu liable lo on tit trk." % Jj