University of South Carolina Libraries
JMONR* nwapr lorgci m, kk curlings into t * *>?*Vpttrovl'nff ot'i^>r?>?!y in winter | nS wt twgpr* owl at tr years oM should be ; |$ hatU-rbruSfc and used mcJeratdy at three, increased in work nl 4, nnd n.filly at 3 will 1< k, ^ full wtork. but a ?cldn>g not before six,* < Ep iv rlu^ f. Very ofton, however, they nrts t ^VolugM^I before tliey are aged by imprO Ind lliett'by snvirai ql'tltc | * Mjfcfa years of dieir lives ore lost or f. > , olfactions nrirTy he answen d to vfbpd#3 us toecame to u close. It is sokt fc. ** tfuwlhc skinbr of ttilMfoH brods oro fine end liablu to cbufo find gatf. The #our feral I be mode to fit, be. of tjood quality | and k?i>t soft nnd pliant, it is nru""*'"1 jwnat.fik .?.?n \Uty arc Ud tmiipy pad, arid ficstivo, and uunmnugenbfe. The J endf'i arfiftil^irj onfyf The "fin'.si. and tto best ramper cd, and altogether the best,car., j riiigo hMte f cv?r ww, was n Pjvolet out oJ^fyrSptZ Eagle. . And as to the restive, bafmmktfibitri young updioorn then ohf. $ dft^ely tl^ih nod;.k ey p^ dtem ^ obcUfrnt. b a ntty wbooc siro bad a decidedly bad teml*r dtifuha otre trow equally vicious. ? abq won worked tolerably well -at three d JW' o^t ft* "T" ?1? ?A so Inucli by 4ou- i otlier twyn that she was turned out for the c m 009000. ?mh# next your refused. Shi: I tl 4wed in*ufor the saddle, an-! a U 00k? thoCwarica kindly, before I sold h-r, C a#d a better roadster ihnn I er is raruly to oft btgcco. 1 had two fiUioa' full brvJ. The One waa.jnu.fo wort ut tbrea years old and ^prtnAiJa&dly. The o'.her was.a^ph-vdid taftplUfy^thuti used under the saddle ; but Of) -Ono otj?ioo mfcl widyout requiring hor vodpt but r*thec to ses* whei her situ would 1 f&Ll pwt Jtor to the plough. As she did fearing slw cniuht Imb injured, workodaf&fl br^mi!*; same familv ; and ?j CO,see that they wu$j work, and they are ? n?W;tK>tl? valu?bl? brood inaivs, the thor* ? IPf^Vukd a splendid marc. and 1ms u splen- ' \ H5 m -1 - - 1 . l ? ' ?1 At 12 o'clock to-day. Tuesday, Nov. l 211, Hi# &x?ej(ency, Governor Noble, trans i rnitted 1*> tho General Assembly, by Col. c BenuUrt T. Watts, t!u$ following Message, ; whfeiywrt* reud by him in both llou??*. t L Kxfccmva Oefaktm rnt, > * Coluinbi >, S. C. Nov 26, 183J). J ' , f tiiw C({?ri?i o/"me Moitwf | and House of Represented/ves : j: locking u retrospect of tlic past year, t our most devout gratitude is c&llod into live* r ly *xorci?e, to U?e Almighty Dispenser of Ejjjfe ~P jeood^fw--llw.jrery, abundant harvest* ? w 1 ui which rWMwS'buen pleased to reward e tt? toils of the husbandman. Tho teem* c *:>g earth has brought forlh in grooi prufu- V aiott ajl the produce of the soil usually cul- t1 tlynfed. Hut throe sitrnul UcSKinea !im-? tl fkljfar'&ik ** \V'$<i Pnyrilenr.u, by vrtiuitions ?>f> painful ? aist 'melancholy character. D?sou?e has c ul&L-ted a portion of our S.otu, and death p I has cg??igued to tho :omb mnny eminent 1 & on?i valuable citrons?men, dbmuguithed for their eltir.ing virtues, great totalis and it 4^9 ? mem bur if i!?o Confi Jerticy, Sou h w Curohiio must necessarily f? el a #k ep inter- o1 est in titu tajklntidn of ihn (jw'nerul 3ov?ro- In went; and m looking toward* ihe ??r?ou* a\ import-m' sotyccu which inny prolwbly, at 'i n early day, em;joy tlw deliberation* of ffl ?HE ^ -- < vungr'.MMsow munuon *w be arretted Itv vi one tofwc of ?o?t mngniuido, prrgnaot wJtfi ?| faiure we:?i or vuv, iw '.i shall botmtlcd. I ni wtm the Tari(T <ju?8:i<?n. lly the Com- d pforniliu Act of liW8. *' wn? provident.that in M the gradual nducti on ot' I he dtrits, they H id?oy!J ho hfuu^ht dn.vfi to *20 [?r ccftf, in u 1842, wlwch will risen ho il?ir offabliflhed c; rstft?, ?inU*fl*tU< j?n>o;sr;f, in the rm-muirm?, ? a^etVb* luVredt by U>v. JJut i!??? same net* n : 4 rononvenl ti |v. ? ?? > W?w lipoH- the int. jfl wou>4 roi?* a funTmcfit .rniomfc ?w ? Jkr ttiu ;M ??irn;ieJ pttrpos'.-s of '4b i*.' . 2grv;> X|?' :d#(tTi.-Jr? to thi* reduction ir Ci' : .? [?!? ??'). 's felt !0 in- h? ; >he ,>ro- fl JBl'Miiulit 1-fai tbo rWbw wffcwa timB?3BSTe$ i nrt BWih iff mumifin thfi? flMMld rinmrmd tho repeal orsuch onerous laws. in a voice 1 which thdtif R'preJb? taunts would not dare tl 10 disregard. If the Government would c ?nmutto adopt the system of direct taxes, b tnd attempt todritw such largo nm from o tit* people, It would Mon bo discovered that p ho t?ix-p.iy iog eittgoho would not, for mo. wftt, endure the burthen. The vefy fed, p bat oacli mna in the community would than ti (now (tie preetsn Ofoomtt of tax which ho gt [mid, establishes tlto Soundness of tho pro. w msition, tUm in a popular government, di- o( root taxes are lpbu preferred to tpooe wkidL tl tru indirect. But if the change cod not now ui bo introduced into our Federal legislation, si he adjustment ofthe Tiriff, upon such mo- t> h$catioos as will conduce to tho peace, d bdrinonf, a ad integrity, of the Union, it sol- tr Mnnty required, as m il by tbo dictates of tl wkdanb<M of patriotism. Tho past Itiato* tc fy sprour cdhutry will' indicate thOfv^OgK rjr wbRb are to b6 Oroiibd^-wib of a menh- >ai ping aspect. The planting States will not n endure protective duties. TVy will insist, c< lie: duties shell be laid uxc usively for rev- h mon. and that no more revenue sttsll be ft sited, than is required by tlip economical u| rents of lip Government The people of I) la* soctHHt contend for a uniform a?l valo- si em duty upon all importations, upon a scale tc graduated with reference to diaiishcd qx- pi wndfturcs, and lite economical demands of tl he Gavert ntent. Prom tho Cotnptroller*# Report, tho fol- di awing abstract is obtained, exhibiting the ju ondition of the Finances of the S.etu, on oi lie I4 October, 1939. ih Hie utrlrnwn b dunces of A oxisjing appropriations ol inmbunt to #106,130 25 in The usual and necessary ot appropriations for* tho m yoar 1840, 4 $282,420 00 it \ MUHuj*. b56 36 S fio meet th? wiiiHoHt of | oi wnicli, t|i?*v i* ca\U iii in hi) two Tr?ngunW?., > - U* October Int. 1889, 113,067 68 *| bud nett mount of taxes tir to be collected iti 1840, 200.000 00 *e Making, 6408,087 68 Which will iohvc only u balance of about ha 12,500 in the Treasury, oil the lit Octo- p0 er next, without the prospect of any re. js epts until the faxes shall be collected and ihi aid into Uiu Treasury, in Muy and Juno thi 841. * of It is important in know the precise situ, of lioa of t'to State, in p i nion to the debts m uo by it, mud the futuia belonging to it, to 0i inset i hose debts. For this purpose* I linvo 0i a used a statement to be prepared, ng pi liis information, nnd hi ruwith rommuuica. id. From this document,-tlie following to cin rul result is obtained : hr Aggregate umount of c< funds belonging to fat the State, $3,680,830 21 f0 Do of deb'.S tji due by tlui S.uV, 3,030,343 81 qt sc Balance in favor of tho si Stuto 8o91,588 40 is But it is proper to state, that in tins ? imount nf debts, duo by tho State, .is incJu- L i.j ihu il.nm.mu ?rsi om AOO no nf ?i~? ? k" ws VV VI |l\ Surplus revenue of the United States. In th iddition to tlte above liabilities, ilie State is St espousiblc lor the rebuilding of Charleston, ac tad tor the guarantee of the two millions es nun, fof tbo Louisviiin, Cincinnati, and th jnnrleston Rail llond. la The B.mk of tho State of South Caroli- ial in is in a sound con lition, and under the tit >rudcnt management of an <(licicnt Direct- In >ry, nod able and assiduous officers, it mcr- au t? ) our continued confidence. The profits bl< >f this institution, the present year, ore su 1210,000, which sum has been carried to vu lie Sinking Fund, now amounting to se 1948,(158 39. 800,009 of this amount hi| viil bo applied, on the 1st January next, to k( >ay the holders of the 6 per cent. Stock of a i his S ate, created under an act of the Leg. ur slaturo, passe J in 1820, and redeemable on of lie above mentioned day. I herewith sub. af ntl the Annual Statement of tlio Bank. cr The true condition of the. Banks of the wi I a:o, is at all times, a subject of deep inter* I i tst to tho people, but more especially at a th rists like tlie one in which we are now >U?cvd. For the purpose, of exhibiting to a) itt |tuuiiv uicir ptcft-iii vuuuiiuu, i appnau 10 go torn for statement*, shewing their reepec* pc ve liabilities and asset*. Wish s r-raise^ pi 'orlhy promptitude, each of thom re spond, ini d jo llm coif, bv furnishing me with re* tuj tfrts jm iho tovorui points of enquiry, which we now lay before you for your information, ait The country was just recovering from of ic shock which the revulsion of 1S37 had pu roduccd. wlton another crisis in our mono* 101 try nffiirs, accompanied by the suspension su Fspecie pnyments by sonio of the Bunks, ga is again thrown the business and com- esi terco of the community into confusion.? tio 'he frequency of these suspensions, do. inj ions'rotes the existence of wmo inherent w) ices in* tho Banking system, or misrnan- ?Qt I... .1 ?I 1 ' ? ; hichi uj iiium ttuu control us npffinum, gn id adinioixu-r itssH'uits. It becomes your en .lyr ns 4ho guardiunh or tlto rights and Cc itureste of the people* to take care that the a ^ public receive no detriment. You are glc rg< d by every contUWation of sound mili. lat1 jr* and a just regard to tho wutfnro of the pri Miutry* to probe the evil to tlie bottom, yw nd* by tlie application of .the proper rome- ex irs, to brjng tack tliese moneyed corporaous, to a healllry performance of their <* < inction*. liMMsxi* the Bunks are as much i *m peadated in. tiro investigation nnd reforms- 101 ail offfjeso defects, its tlto community ; OS w? without nn vflic.icnt n rnedy, the Bank- All ig *\'3 rwua^ terminate in convulsion. co> hen it i* fheimbnea. "lljp a*?--s ft ch nwnvet* tlie m?wht<*f rr?fflrA-^ipao the tht enlts alono, then it Would be a rnarter po !.? ini_i_ ? 5b 'rf rtw ??* ra am country, which are the int ra* ntli. of od out ooRMMfoioi oicbtoMi IV# value of property, of every desoriution, bt disturbance of rho relations between rcdtlor end debtor, end ia (act, the whole infra of society, ia oil its rainifionitons, psrienos the disastrous sBecte of thin deraeistton Mho currency. This is aot en Mpnoiod picture of the evil. The misemioa, by the Bonks, iss departure from 10 purposes for which their charters were raqlsd, end o plain violation of those duties. Men era enjoined upon them, in the terms f ther? creation. The previous history of mi country, ia relation to chartered competes, snforeus the necessity of placing new ifcwguards to prevent the evils which haw Den felt. All charters, which confer ex lucive privileges on certain persons, blanch upon the equal rights of the rest of ? community. It is certain, tltey require i bo raopalned hp thmel ?eeewnente ; end at tad charters, by winch artificial pennna' re erupts it, are held op ai containing nil the tgularions concerning them, within tho ompotdncy of the Legislature. It might r wise and politic, to prevent future cvil,i ?r tho Logislutern to pass a general law pon tho subject of all charters, suhsoquent-1 'to be granted, reserving the right to make I tcli further provisions, as inay be required iktep them within the limits ofthoir ap. ropriats duties, and compel them to fulfil objects of their creation. In giving you u information of tho con. i:?on of Uk> State,'* I should foci dial I was isily obnoxious to tho charge, of neglecting 1 ae of the most important branches of inustry, were I to be silent on the subject of gricuhurr. This pursuit of the great mass F tho people, has maims upon your foster g care and attention, It is tho source of or wealth, and power, and furnislrcs the tcans of our commercial cichaogfes. Yet i importance eecms never to havo boen sulizcd hy uthorUi-'v afllr taic s for '? ta a lamentable truth,' that while her braches of industry have received an npulsc, by wholsomo laws, the great in. rests of Agriculture lure been passed by most with silent contempt. It ia now no for tho State to dismisa from hor connla thia cold indifference, and to take such tion on tho subject, as will p.omoto its ocess. In exploring the causes which ve retarded the progress of the Statu in pulntion, wealth, and importance, none more prominent than tho utter negt?*ci of s primary pursuit. It cannot bo doubted, at South Carolina once possessed a soil unsurpassed fcrtili'y. But this rich gift ' a kind Providence, has beon, in a great ensure, lost by a most pernicious coursu ' husbandry. A largo portion of this icc fourisiitg region, blessad. too, with a -opitinu* climate, has boon'reduced to storty. Yet, all liopc of reclaiming and resring to its wonted productiveness, our ex. mated soil, is not in vain. It is a nenefL ml provision of a good Providence, that neath the surface of the earth, are to be und substances of tho most fertilizing laliiics. Their discovery, however, re. it res the appliaation of science, and means Idom possessed by individuals. It is, jo jch a cose, that a wise and patriotic Legluiure should oxtend its aid. But to subrve fully, the interests of Agriculture, the egislature sliould not confine its operahu to n Geologies I Survey alone. With is should be connected an Agricultural jrvey. While the former would bring us :qi minted with aii the substances which iter into the composition of that portion of earth to which we can have accjpss, the iter will elicit a mass of information, in re. titin to every thing that concerns agrirul. re, which cannot fail to be highly useful, i other countries, the utility of agricultural rveys lias been folly proved, by the valua. a results. Rut, in carrying into effect ch surveys as have been mentioned, the luc of tnc results would depend upon the lection of on individual, possessing the ghest qualifications, combining a profound lowledge of the subjects of invrstigMion, lound discriminating judgment, and an itiring cal and industry. The expense such a project, should not be weighed initial the inculculabio importance of the id proposed. Being deeply impressed iilt the practical usefulness of such surveys, earnestly recommend that you provide for eir accomplishment. But while the development of the physic, resources of our country should claim; large u share of your serious attention, ipular education ought to hold the firs' see :s your caimatten, It is knowledge, tcllectunl, moral, and religious, thai consn. tea the man. Without its possession, enlth would bo a curse, instead of a blesig. Besides, the stability and permanence our republican tnsti utious, have their only loraniue, in an intelligent, moral, and relig. us population. H'?ncr, tins important hi'-ct litis commanded tlie warmest repit. iif atlui K?vii n?. Th* labliscmcnt of tlw College, and the adopn of the Peer School system, arc cndur> I monuments, to the memory of those, by lose sagacious eilbrts they were brought o existence. The former, front small be. wings, has risen to a proud eminence long the literary institution* of our grai mfedcracy, ane is annually sending forth band of well educated youths, the future rjr and ornament of their country ; the ter, although based upon the soundest nciples of a free government, has not tl'fed ell these betmnta which ita intrinsic ccllence ao justly deserved; At your last wioiH CommlMnofiura were appointed, in rry election district of tlal State, to exam. .1 f? U_L | j r?po?t 10 the Rtewtifo tueh amendments, alterations, m thoy might deem useful u?y of these commksionen, with a very rmnendubto fceaf -and ability, hnvo dis. rgeil the important duty autgnad to im, whuo ottiora ltave ftiilod to make re. rta. Iftohcdtenco to your resolution, 1 re Ji.oed the "tf.por's which hare he?r, hinds of conmiwion oftsro nortfrdvoon Elliott sod Thosw . stklI io b? exam mod by them, and a aya' mm 4 hudovisod, and submitted to you, at | rtto Mpwt session. Their report, as noon as proofed. shall he transmitted to you, i reports of the district commiait fiords mc unfeigned piensure, to an. noun* to you. thai the College continue* to pdwer the high expectations of the Staky It is rapidly advancing in a career of prpporitjf and usefulness, which must re. dounj to the lasting benefit of the country, ftts odily increases in numbers, although the sbndurd of admission is higher than for. merljf I ardmi'ly recommend this nohle ioslihtion to your paternal and fostering caio. The S ate con only expect to maintain is wonted high character,by an enlight. encd population, well grounded in solid Icnrming. and a lofty moral elevntion. . /a a free government, there exists a ju?t jealousy of standing armies. The history of all natioaa justifies this feeling. Its re. cords ore replete with instnnccs of their din. ger to liberiy. Our anchors had a prao. tical knowledge on uiW Kjoct, which led thfm to gunrd.by constitutional ro?trion'nns, against their tn.rodufction. Hence, the mliance of the frnmers of our constitution, on tho Militia, and the provision for organising, arming, and disciplining it. Hence, the recognition of the great political truth, that a woR regulated Mtli is is essential to the safety of a froe State ; and certainly our ancestors were not deceived, in their estimate of the dependence which might be reposed in its efficiency. For the purpose of dufensivtt warfare, it will not bo hazarding too much, to nss'Tt that Militia are equ-it, if not superior, 10 mercenary troops. The noblest and highest motive that can actuate the bosom of m in, impels the citizen soldier to draw his sword, to repel tho invader of his soil, and to defend his altar and fireside. It may be conceded that, for purposes of foreign conquest, regular troops arc more available. But, happy fo?- us that it is so | this great Confederacy of Republican States, Is, from its character, pacific, and lissver csn bo prone to engage in wars merely for winning glory, or acquiring foreign donvnion. From these considerations, we learn the vast importance of a well regulated Militia. To prepare them to fulfil the high destinies for which they are intended, care should bo taken, to irainond discipline them in times of pence ; but this duty upplios more especially to the offences. 1 am aware tliut freemen will not submit to thus*rigid rules; which are applicable to the regular soldier: nor is tins required. The idea is not cn.ertainnd, that tho private militia, man can ought to b", subjected to the same degree of rigorous discipline, as a soldier, in tnc regular ranks. Indeed, it is questionable, whether tne attempt to give the private miltia-man the automaton precision of the l#oldier, should be matte at all. It is not believed to be essenti-.l to the poifcctitin of our system, that any such ut'wtnpt should i be made- But the case is wid? ly different with the militia offers : they may bo instructed, and brought to a high d"gree of discipline in tho military art. And if the ofictrs have attained to a r< spcotahli; do. grec of knowledge, it will not be difficult for them in a period of actual service, to tram their men, tn a short time, in all the duties of tho soldier. South Carolina has acted on the assumption of this idea : arid all her militia laws look particularly to a body of well trained and disciplined officers. And perhaps to instrument has been more'useful in accomplishing this end, than Brigade Kit. coinpmcnt*. It will bo rcudily admitted, that .heseassemblages are attended with qiuch inconvenience to the officers and sergeants. But liberty can only l>?; maintained at the expense of great sacrifices, and etcrnal vigilance. Exemption Pom inconvenience, would bo an inadequnte compensation,, for the case and activity of despotism, which would follow the introduction o( standing armies, in the place of the Militiu. Nevertlieless, the Legislature should seek to render the performance of his duty its littlu onerous as possibe, consistent with the great object to be effected. Pcrhapi the system bears with more oppressive weight on ttie sergeants, who nro compelled hy Ihw to <crve a limited time, uu matter what may be their means. To alleviate tho burden us much o? possible, I would repeat the recommendation of my predecessor that rations should be issued to the officers and serge* ants, of Brieade Encamomrnts. 1 hern I o r " ? # wiili transmit the Report of the Adjutant and Inspector General, for tpe year 1839. Perhaps nothing cxhibi's the progress of civilization more stnkmgly, thun well-con. strue'ed highways iliroughout a country ; and surely nothing conduces more to the enso and comfort of the citizen. In a community like ours, w here the articles transported by tho planter to market, are heavy and bulky, the necessity is doubly urgent,! to construct such highways as w ill fntilitutu tho transportation. Thu repairs of tlie roads, by the existing laws, depend upon tho labor of inhabitants, for not more than twelve days in the year. The system ope. rates unequally. While the labor bestowed upon certain portions of the roads is sufficient to maintain them in good ord'-r, in other portions, the same labor would be wholly insufficient. From the face of the country, its unevenncss, and the nntuio of the soil more labor will be rentiircd in some Mictions, than in others. A pa in, those portiotis of the Country, which lie more contiguous to'he market towns, from tho greater amount of travelling over th?*n? with heavy wagons, nnd often from the nature of the soil, and irregularity of surface, re* quiro vastly more work to put and keep them in goo I ord r? than oilier portions, j more remote, and more favored, in the cir. j curnstftiiccs mentioned, floner, one por. I lion of tho inhabitants, is subjected to a greater degree of labor, than another, nnd not exclusively for their own benefit, but for tho benefit of perhaps u rnoro numerous class, who have expended no labor on these j roods. To remedy this inequality, nnd in. justice, presents a difficult question. If. however, tlto twelve days* labor, most faith. p ** ' - . " . r fully ?rp*ndod, which the inhabitants J bound to bestow, would place the highwi In n serviceable condition, the ineonvoniev oofnpUHicd of would be.the loss ragrettt But, from the difficulties, already poim out, this amount of work, however faithfu eaecuted, would, is many places, be ine flciont to otCict the object, Hence, H oil happens, that tho planter has to encoun such h wretcliod state of highways, as cause great damage of vehicles and hors and much consumption of time ; and, many instances, tho bad conditio* of I reads presents sn utter nbslucle to ftiril progress. It is probnble that the indut ro?nt which tho Legislature, by a lato o has holdout for the formation of compani to cs'abltsh turnpike roads, will fail of purpose, as men cannot be persuaded vest money in any enterprise, without fair prospect of a profitable return, in slut po of interest, or dividends. I trust y< wisdom will be able to devise some rome for these groat evils. Before leaving 1 subject, I would rccommund what has ready been pressed upon your eonside tion, by one of iny predecessors, thut Commissioner of tho Roads through thu? State, should bo allowed to comm labor, for money, in all cases wliero person huble to rosd duty, might prefer Tho money thus roisod, to constitute a fu to let out, in contracts, for repuiring, keeping i in repair, certain portions of I rond?. . The LcgtslnturfvJ^flj^^^^^B^'Act < Art of to Charleston the uad rure the pftylVi>l^Py|^|^pW^I liter* j rvnJ, is iu4wf*l jftostr projvrty, and Aj?fl the suid ('ompMlP HRfiKw rnij ntlrrwards mc the part of the dWMUjflRwMriMtfncontra in priority and pVw0MHWWlty othor d which the said comfrjny wigu then, or ny other time, oiStK"' Bui, at the sa lime, llwi COmimnv Win iillnwnd. in mm should purchase th#*Ra?lfoau of tho Sou Curoliuu Canul ?od Roil Koati Com pa i to mortgage (ho said road to tlto said So< Curolinu Canal aOd Railroad Company, any sum not exceeding two-thirds of I purcltase-mouoy, and givo to the Soi Carolina Canal nod Rudrond Company, lirn thereon, in prefHfcnce to tho mnrtgu of tho State. Tho Louisville, Cinclnm and CluxrleCOn Railroad Company < purchase thn'South Carolina Canul w II tilroad. ' A largo balance, of abi 8'J00,??.ltthe purchase-money, still mains (iWjfbrwhich a lien upon the re ; exists, undfer which the road is liable to sold, to ruisc the money in cose of the f; uru of tho Louisville, Cincinnati, ti Charlesion Railroad Company to make p meut. Tins sum is due the 1st of Juiiui next. As the South Carolina Canal a Railroad is the principul security which i Slu e possesses, for its guarantee of the X millions lonr., it may be highly import for tlto S'utt to look to the sufficiency ol Ia n. It seems that the Louisville, Cine nati, ond Charleston Railroad Company c not, in time, raise tho necessary mea from its own stockholders, to ineot tl engagement. Hence, it become* a qu lion, winch deeply concerns the State, w course it ought to pursue, to secure an elusive In n, l?y the removul of this inci branrr, which st mds in its wny. It \ my duty to give you the information ; it longs to your w*sdom, to decide on course you ought to tuke. Ttie Judiciary system, since its last otgunizuiion, seems to perform its fundi* in a manner answerable to the expectntu ' of the Legislature. Yet it seems to t ' lint ihu system would be more oomph by tlm creation of Inferior Courts. 'I former trial und rejection of county cuu in the State, is not u fair test, by wh now to condemn them. They were tli but purtiully used, and only in the up| country. Tito little progress which t portion of the S:nto had then made in inte gence, was calculated to expose them contempt and ridicule. But now, a d<(Ter state of thwVge exists, and these useful in tutions, which prevail in every State of Union, except this, would be found vnlua auxiliaries in the administration of justi and in the management of tlm police of districts. If adopted, the duties now p formed by the Ordinaries, might bo adv tfigeouxly transferor! to these tribunals Tuey should bo vested with jurisdiction I limited amount in cases of contracts, * misd>'meanors. And a I the powers n exercised by the Commissioners of lloads. the Poor and Public Buildin should be vested in litem. Tltc trial by jtirv, is justly estecrr amongst us, as one of the birth.rights fn nncm, and is, by our constitution, je ously guarded against invasion. It it strong defence against usurpation or < prcssiot) in public prosecutions ; and in decision of private rights, usuul'y ofTord tribunal impartial and at the same time i bued w ith a useful portion of the neighb hood feeling and intelligence. But, in p nort'oti a? tlm in?liimi?n i, ? ? .... , ? W--? .?? -? ?# ? ? W V4I(|)I WtVJ | c high m public favor, stroul'J be tho euro km to render it perfect in-in operations Its necessriiy tendency, is to deviotii from that exact uniformity of decisi which, in like circumstance*, would reni to ('very one the like measure of jusiii and a* fur a* practicable, without undue Taint*, these deviations should be ciret scribed. Whether this injurious tendji may not be increased by the various ha! and tempers of various Judges, and li far, if at all, it would be well to control | discretion of tiio Judges, in their suuiiuii of facts to tho Jury, are questions left \our wisdom to determine* So, u!so, the question, whether it is expedient to tempt tiny means more eflectuul, than practice in appeals, to correct the err which, under even tho best influences, jui oii?-n commit, in m t^ors of n i<?id Ian- t *' J".1!'- ..J.'...,. ~,r. it* fad ; or1?M?HiiTies,ovon in pure matt?** ijra of facts committed 10 them. Our provisI** iocs, aa to I ho drawing Ol'jurtos, saattp well od. adapted If guard n gainst the partiality of ted aummooing officer*, and to secure a panel lily above suspicion ; but il still sometimos''hap. i?f. pens, that a party is obliged to submit his [en esse to jurymen, from one or more of whom, ter he has reasons foi npprehending injustice, to although ho can muku no challenge, upon us, sufficient legal ground ; and a verdict is ill renderud, #tnch would huvu been materia!, the ly uttered, by the change.iif one, or ut most, wt two jurymen, from wli'cit al! icliuf, by ap. :e- peal is hopeless. Wliutlior, without any tct, material etiange in the prac'ice of our courts, cs, the right might not be given to every party its litigant, to strike without cause, une or to more of tho jurymen, from the list offered t a to him, 1 also present, as a question for the your considers ion, with a belief on my pnrt, >ur stmt such u right, might bu conferred with dy? great ndvautuge. ?. the The public executions of' capital offiroL dors,, is an exhibition, which is believed to ra* exert un injurious influence upon the minds the and morals of the p'eopK The terror, with out which such scenes should strike.the bout* holder, is often converted into sympathy the for tho supposed sufferer, whoso exit has it.* sometimes tho appearance ofasort of. hind, umph, utterly inconsistent with tho horror, : . incT which should be inspired by his crime. In the all cases, thu imagination Mould invest tho dread sanction of the law, with u horror, an- not felt in witnessing the infliction. Tho the heart which would be hardened by the sight, be might be subdued by the consideration <>1 md tho fact, knowij to occur', but hidden .io(l |ad clothed in tho solemnity of darkness- :tind HL privacy; and, instead of the wicked tfUg m,- gestions, and brutal excesses, win.-!i .?lten MP attend and r 'suit froin public Npoctucie* of lib, suffering, and public discussions of the suf_ I ich fercrs' misdeeds, good influences m.g'.i'. a:. ?ht tend thwjpalm reflections which would tol. irt. low of the otf iiilera' being cut on off sHtittk'iympathy or support. Tins is ict, porlihjgfiBffeciully true, in 'lie ease of u slave ebt surrotfMlB4s lie' generally is, by-his fellow at slaves. *1 thereforo suggest the propriety me of nil executions being conducted in some i it private place, und in the presence of such til* poisons Olllv as tllQ law shnll ilnni.fn-ti. ,. - . - * ?r e *" ny, 1 herewith transmit the t'uittwn of tiio nth ! free white inlmhitanta of this taken for in pursuance of the net passetHnthe Inst the session of the Legislature. Tho whole Jth number in aceriniuod to be, 207,117. > ? in obedience to your resolution of hist gc suasion, requiring me to corresp^d with the tti, Executive of Ceorgia, for th<*^purpovo of iid obtaining information on the subject of the nd controversy between that State and the 5ut State of Maine, in relation to an alleged biro. fraction, on the part of the lutter, of that ?iid part of tliu Constitution ofthc IJni ed Sta'c* bo which relates to fugitives fro in justice, I heg lil- leave to inform you that 1 have perform, ind ed that doty, rind herewith transmit the docuy? uments, shewing the prsfeut state of tht ?ry\routroveivy. *' < ' ' " ' ind 1 transmit to you the proceedings of the . lire Legislatures of several States, on various wo subjects of suppose I common concern to ant tell the Stales, wli ch uro laid before you ut Tits their request. tin- 1 also invito yonr nttoniion to the copy an- of an act, passed by the Legislature of the ins, Sinte of New York, 4,to nuthorkvt the arrest njir and detention of fugitives from j.,s ice, es. from other States ntul Territories or tl.n hat Unitod Slates," transmitted to me for the ex- purpose of b< ing lui'J before you, with a im- view of procori tg the passage of a himiiIht was law by lit! the Stales. g be- It has been suggested to nio, by a comthe inunieqtion from Daniel Brenr, Ksq., Unied States Consul nt the city of Hurts, in the re- Kingdom of France, that great difficulty alts and embarrassment' nru constantly exper.. jns enced, by citizens of th? United States, ne, and otlifcr 'persons abroad, from tin* w^nt ite, of some'uniform. and .simplo mode of ne^he knon lodgement, of de' ds of conveyance of itim real esuite, and other propvTtyf si u t'c in the tcli ,several Slates of this Union, exoc.v.ed ten without the limits of tint United Smtea.? per This mutter npp?\irs to h?> ehtitlell to your his considers* ion. I therefore, in accordance Hi- with the request of Mr. Brett', lay hi* to tnuttication before you, containing the profill ject of n law, to remove tlm difficulty nii,1 sti- embarrassment compluined.of. the |t will ntFord me sincere pleasure, to coble operate with you in nil measure-?, ca diluted ice, to advanco the happiness utid pro-?p't ?*>' ?-t the our common country: utitl 1 .sjpp.c re thu *r- Supreme Ruler of tlm I m verse, <o to d.nu rec.t your deliberations, that yoti.- ! tbur.i .? may conduce to litisbonefieient rts !r. on PATRICK N'OBUn DW is T|1C YELLOW FEVER INFECTtOL'S Extract of u I till or from St. Augustine ir.s , b' published itt the Cli irlcstou Courier ted **ln con>wqaenco of the occutretico ot of more than one frost, I think it rn ay be su<l aL that tlic sickness of litis place is at tin end i a Lieut. Snath, ofth'^lJ. S. service, <h d the up- dny before yesterday. It would seem from the all that I c?IF learn, that a diversity of opius u ion pievails, nj: to the causes of disease.- in Some considering tliem to be local, but a or. vast majority of the people believe that tlrt ro. Fever was imported froin Charleston. 1 ind tiuvc not, as yet, made up my mind on. the tn. subject ; but nrn engaged in the collect on of .? evidence on botli sales, and from the parti/.ins ?ns of either doctrine. on, Tlio more I reflect upon the subject, tl?o J dor more seriously am I convinced o( the trans. :e ; mismibility of Yellow Fever, from oiu place re- to another, nnJ the extension oi";he dieoasc; mi provided, tlie condition of the n'mosphere icy bo favor tbio to its propnga.inh. And yet, bits I do not believe the dis'Xtsc to be oonlugcoiis iow in the s rict Rigniftcniion ot that w??r?I; nor the is it exr/usine/y of foreign origin. l-\>r in rigs purucuiui whuiu iuCui C .usu uir to present, and the atmosphere of.Chnrlnston, is i? approximated bt heat and otlu r circumat stances, to that of the West Indies, I can *J{ the readily conceive ihui like eliects would flow g^ ors from like causes, and that u northern man, J SL rios coming under such circumstances, into the g tnd City, would bu liable lo on tit trk." % Jj