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% BY W. A. LEE AND HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., FRIDAY. JANUARY 2!), lSlil). VOLUME XV1-NO. 40. Great Cavalry Fight of the War. nr JOHN K8TKN COOK. At daylight along thunder camo up tfYom the woods of the Rappahannock. The greatest cavalry combat of the "war had begun. At that sound Stuart 'leaped to the saddle and rode rapidly towards the front. Fifteen minutes attertfards his /headquarters had vanished. On the ;groeji sfopc of Fleetwood not a tent was visible. Is ^tUe reader familiar with the country along the Upper Rappahannock? J[f 80, ixe u'ill remember that tho river ie crossed in Culpepper by numerous fords. The principal?beginning on the left, that is to say, up the river?are Welford's, the Railroad bridge and Kelley's ford?. Stuart's left, under Win. II. P. Lee, was opposite "Welford's; his centre, under Joucb, opposito Beverly's ; his' right under Hampton, towards Ivclley's, and a force under Robertson was nostod in the diroetion of Stiivonshnrfr JL 07 to guard tho right flank. This forec amounted to seven or eight' thousand cavalry. The Federal column which now advanced to attack it, is said to embrace the cavalry of General Hooker's army, i and must have numbered more than j twelve tliousaud sabres. Stuart rode on rapidly down Fleetwood Hill, and was soon opposite Beverly's Ford, where the enemy had crossed in force. General Jones was heavily engaged, and tho Napoleons of tho horse artillery were roaring steadily. Every moment the round shot crashed, or tho shell tore through tho woods about three hundred yards in front of tho pieces, where the dismounted cavalry of tho enemy'had effected a lodgment. They kept up a hot fire at tho cannoneei's, and the steady rattle of carbines further up the river told that Lee was also engaged. In face of the bursting shell, the T.I t :?. 11 a _ -i - i uiuc iiruuneurx uuuiu uul auvanuc, una Stuart Bent an order to Hampton to move in and attack on the right, Tho troopers of the Gulf States advanced at the word ; their dense columns were socm scon slowly moving, with drawn eabre, across tho plain; the moment of decisive struggle seemed rapidly approaching, when suddenly a heavy blow was struck at Stuart's rear, 1 had been directed by him to ascertain if "everything had been sent off, from Fleetwood," and to sec that no j papers bad been dropped there in tho j hurry of departure. Going back at a i gallop I soon reached the hill, and rode over the ground recently occupied by the headquarters. Tho spot seemed swept. Not a paper was visible. All that I could see was a withered boquet, dropped by some young omcer 01 uie statt?a reiio no doubt of the laat night's ball at the village. I bad already turned to rido back to Stuart, when my attention was attracted by a column of cavalry advancing straight on Brandy?tbat is, upon Stuart's rear. What force was that?. Could it be tho enemy? It was coming from tho direction of Stevensburg j but how could it have passed our force there ? / "Look!" I said to an officer of the horse artillery, one battery of which was left in tho reserve of tho hill, "look! what column is that?" "It must be "Wickham's," was his reply. ' " I am sure they are Yankees." " Impossible I" ho exclaimed. ' But our doubts were soon termi imted.' .. From the rapidly advancing column two guns shot out and unlimbcred. Then two white puffs of' smoke epout^l from their muzzles, and the enemy's shell burst directly in our feoefl. ? 8 ' The horso artillery returned the fire, and I hastened back with the in telligenco to Stuart. . . 11 It isonly a squadron, I suppose," replied with great. coolness, " Go bitik aadgetaU the cavalry you can, nnd'charge the guns and bag them !"* is impossible to imagine anything calmer than the speaker's voice. I fcopw, however, that the attack was #k>racr<tio?l than ho supposed. Hastening bae^I came up with two regiments, and then ascoAded the hill At folf gafiop, lApifig the ravines and dartf^&t&rfrihe etest. Suddenly it blazed with staggering "volleys. The Federal cavalry had ? W^T jriope *a we weeoaed the eastern,, aiic All that Bnvod us at that moment was the "do or dio" fighting of cavalry aud horse artillery. On tho crest of Fleetwood took placc a bitter and obstinate strugglo. It was one of tliOBO fights of tho giants, which once witnessed is never forgotten. The cannoneers of tho liorso artillery fought as savagely, hand to i hand, as the regular cavalry ; and tho j crcst became the scene of a mad j wrestle, rather of wild beasts than i men. All at once the form of Davcnant | annoflrod amid tlin nmnkn TTi> li?wl i i 4 ! come rapidly from tho front, and now | threw himself into the combat like tho bloody hound to which Stuart had co:nparcd him. His cheeks were ! flushed, his eyes fiery. Leaping from I his horse, he seized the sponge staff of j a gun, from which all the cannoneers had been driven, and ramming home i a charge of canister, directed the gun I upon a column of the enemy. Before he could fire, a Federal cavalryman rode at him, snd cut furiously at his hare head with the full weight of I iiis sabre. ' Davcnant did not try to draw his word?the attempt would have been useless. In Ins bands he had a weapon, and with a swing of the rammer he swept the cavalryman from his saddle*. Ho fell headlong, covered with blood, and Davcnant aimed and fired the load of canister?leaped upon his horse, and drawing his sword, plunged into the melee, his eyes flaming, his voice rising loud and inspiring above the combat. It was a stubborn, a superb struggle. Three tinios the enoiny's guns were charged and captured; three times the Confederates were furiously charged in turn, and the pieces recaptured by the enemy. A final charge of the grey cavalry carried all before it. The Federal artillery was seized upon and their cavaliy driven back? butat.that moment a heavier lbrce 'still was seen advancing upon Stuart from the direction of Kelly's Ford. It was a splendid spectacle. They came on in solid column, and rapidly formed a lino of battle on tho slope of 1 -;?v j ' ^ ivuinuuu, w 1 l 11 urawn saurcs, anil flags floating. As they moved, they seemed to shako the very ground. I had never seen so great a force of cavalry drawn up, and the critical moment of the battle hud plainly com>. i - At that instant, the great field prescnted a remarkable appearance. Cavalry "were charging in every direction, and it was hard to tell friend from foe. | I Stuart was fighting, so to say, from I the centre outwards. Tlio enemy were in his front, in his rear, and on both his flanks. If they closed in, apparently, ho would be crushed as in a vice. The iron hand would strangle him. That moment tested the nerves. Stuart's "heart of oak4' bore the strain, llo was aroused, stung, his checks burned, his eyes flamed?but the man was sufficient for the work. I looked closely at him. "Do or die" was plain on his face. From that instant I never had any doubts about Stuart. lie rushed two pieces of artillery to a knoll in front of the lino of Federal "horsemen. A moment afterwards two rcnorts were heard, and t.wn kWIIu burst precisely in the middle of the line, making a wide gap in it, and checking tho charge which had beguuf. All at ohce I saw a column of c&valry coming up from the river, and turning to Stuart, Baid: "General, what cavalry is that?" "Hampton's I" Stuart exclaimed? "Bring it up like lightning P'J I set out at full gallop, and soon jeached the column. At the head of | it rode Young, the beau sabruer of Georgia, erect, gallant, with his bravo eye and smile. I pointed out tho enemy, and gave the order. "All right!" exclaimed Young, and turning to his men, he whirled the sabre around his head and shouted. "Forward I" The column thundered on, and as it passed, I recognized Mohun, his flashing eye and. burnished sabre gleaming from the dust cloud. "Charge I" rose from ahundred lips. Spurs wore buried in the hot flanks; , the mass was tmrled .at the enemy; , and clashing like thunder, sword I against sword, swept everything ber fore it. Not a siugle shot was fired?f , the sabre only was used. The enemy | were brokfen to pieces; what I saw [ was a wiia meiee 01 wmriing sworcis, , flying horses, men cloveq to the chin, t while others were seen throwing I themselves from the raddle, and raist irig their hands to eseape the keen i Jmordtmen slashing at them ?. : The great foroe of the enemy sweepr ing dow^ on StaWt's flaofc Was thus I Speckle wh>9h.foi|ow Jar wM "welT ail dasdfttng. f di^orjlff, g Never k before had I rftfUitfe*?*asin the hind fciMMt. mil- 'tfTi III 11' i "ni Tlic lbrcc disappeared In tlio woods, holly pursued by their foes. Tho dust followed them in a great cloud ; from tlmt eload arose yells and cheers, cannon thundered, carbines rattled; but that sound receded more and more rapidly toward the river. On our left, tho bravo Wm. F. IT. Loo had been successful. He had charged and repulsed the enemy, falling wounded at the head of his men. They had not again advanced upon him. Near the Barbour llouso he presented an unbroken front to them. Stuart held with his cavalry, indjed, the whole Fleetwood range. The long thunder of his artillery said to the enemy, "Come on!" They did not come. They went back. i Their cavalry had crossed tho river to ascertain the meaning of the great review. They had discovered nothing after heavy loss. The ground was strewed with their dead and dying. They retired shattered and deeding. Stuart's loss was also great. Even his staff was not spared. One of my brother staff officers was killed, another wounded, a third captured. But Stuart had won the greatest cavalry fight of the war.?From 'lMo hun ; or, The Lact Days of Lec and His Cavaliers." Fact. JIlis words. Abbeville. A. Beactiful Village?Law and Ohder ?1Io8pitality?Mktiiodist Conference?Bishop Wightman?Tuade? Cotton ? Business Firms?The Old Order and the New. Pardon me, Mr. Editor, and Messieurs and Mesdarues, the readers of news, if I wing my flight somewhat slowly, and thoroughly di gest my impressions before 1 share lliem with you. Abbeville, next in order on tuy itinerary, is distinguished with, a while mark. The memories thereof are pleasing, and are indelibly engraved on the con- I volutions of my cranial hemispheres. Abbeville iB unquestiocably one of the finest, and most beautiful, vdlages in South Caro lina. Indeed I must confess to a pleasant surprise at the general appearance of the town, r.l the number and the beauty of its stored, private residences and Ornatnental grounds. The courlhouse is a substantial and ornamental structure, and the Episcopal Church the handsomest in the Stale, I think, outside of Charleston and Columbia. The other two churches, the Methodist or Presbyterian, how?>.er, in my humble opinion, have nothjug to boast in architectural beauty or symmetry. I was surprised to find so many evidences of a high order of civilization, of intelligence, education and refinement. My surprise will be explained in a measure when I st?t*e that this was my first visit, and I had but recently read the messages and proclamation of Governor Scott, in which I was led to believe that Abbeville was the borne of ruffianism and outlawry ; that tbere was no respect for the laws, and that none but a Democrat dare open bis mouth tbere. Now, I have a most Christian deference to the powers that be, and dislike exceedingly to differ in opinion from a man who bas authority to print proclamations in all the newspapers, headed with the coat-of-?rm9 of the State and countersigned by that other high official, the Secretary of Slate. But the truth must be told ; I state it as my deliberate conviction that I think Gov ernor Scott is mistaken ; that lbs people of Abbeville are just as peaceable, orJerly and law-abiding as the citizens of any otber district or county in tbe State, and I think the Governor will find it so. I was shown tbe very spot at Hodge'a Depot where Randolph was killed. I saw several gentlemen who witnessed tbe deed. They see three men dismount, hitch their horses, go to the cars, shoot Randolph, then with piatols in their hands deliberately walk backwards to their horse, mount and ride away. They did not know n single one of the three men. This I was told again and again by persoos living in tbe -it i-i? uiuibjr, an or wiiom oaa ueara time eye* witnesses tell this, and they firmly believed iU How? aay they, was il possible to arrest tbe*e murderers when tbey were well armed and of coarse determined to tell tbeir lire* m dearly as possible, abd no one present prepared for sucb conflict? I( the people present at thu murder bad been the most "loyal* in the United States (?rtd tbere i- no evidence that .tbey were net). I do not see bow tbey could have acted otberwiee lb a*' astbey did. \ b*?C ywr,vi - I tee by the papers tbat one Talbot, wbc bad been suspected of complicity hi tbli murder, has Men arrested. Tfie people ol tbe dwirwt ?u bartiiljr tpokea against. 10 pabtio and to private, bjr tba Exdcmlv* oi thaaf?te,.UcanM Talbot tr*? a1]ow?<J to be at farjgpi. : Wow, I ha*am?t aooae whc koowa anvtbiaf of TalboVVpaKieJpstton tfl tb^Bindofpb rtitiwef, thoujMb md thai bt wftigot* maa of pwoaaWa^patatioo vsts&&383& ' + '[' L' v.-*>??. * fj: ?< ' zl V vigilance, nnd keeping oat of the Army. | You will not be surprised, then, to hear that this man whs At targe, months eton itfier the Governor suspected him of being parlictps crimints in the Randolph affair. Be it remembered, moreover, that 1 saw no one who knew of such complicity or con nection on tbe part of Talbot. And bccauFe a few bad men in a community break the lawn, and, favored by circumstances, get away, tbe whole community must be scolded with messages and proclamations, threatened with martial law and negro militia, and finally with a bran new act of tbe Legislature giving tbe At tornev for th? Slntu nmvpr in !??? j ? r * * ? " 6" venue, when in his judgment he deemed it necessary, in order lo convict a political (or-quasi-political) prisoner, a measure reserved for iho sccond half of the nineteenth century, in free and Republican America, though unknown in the darkest period of the middle age?, and in the m<st arbitrary of despotic government. Juries have been packed ere now, but not tiuder aegis of a constitution securing its State ,-a Republican form of government." However, I see by the newspapers, that his Excelency the Governor has thought better of the matter and no longer favors the measure. T vena rnrln...). I.i - A 1.1 111- 3 !_ Hie session of the South Carolina Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Snuth, and thus had the best possible opportunity of witnessing the larco, whole-souled, Christian hospitality, for which others, more fjmiliar with the place and its people, have long known the latter famous, The town wna full of preochers. There were old preachers nnd young preacher*, large preachers nod email preachers, big preachers nnd little preachers ; some married and tome single, some good-looking nnd some who were not; but old and young, fat and le-in, great and mail, they all appeared in fine spirits, and in | the very best of good humor, enjoying to the full (he annual reunion, the brief inierval of rest and freedom from the weight and o.ire of parochial duty, and the renewal of good fellowship between the preachers themselves, as well as between them and their hospitable entertainers. It was my good fortune to hear Hishop Wightman, of your city, preach on Sunday morning, and although he labored under a severe ufTectiou of the throat, nnd evidently spoke w.tli difficulty and even nain. thu greatness of the nnrn fii<>u teemed to endow him with superhuman strength, and he soon soared untrammelled inlo tlie lolly heights of Gospel truth, carrying with iiim in full sympathy the entire congregation, fi lai'gr* number of whom were preacher*, who keenly enjoy this refined and elevated pleasure of listening auuually to the Bishop's Conference sermon. Abbeville village has not grown of lute years as many other*place* in the central and upper part of ihd Stale. Much of the trade of the county, say with n eight or ten miles of the river, goes to Augusta. Sumo, I hear, from litis district, even go to Augusta with wagone. ! Then, aguin, as Abbeville is about eleven miles I frurn the main trunk of the Greenville Railroad much trade goes to Hodges' Depot ou that road Then there are Greenwood, Ninety-Six, Cokesbuty and New Market, places of more or less note, long established, each one of which is re' cetving its share of cotton, Newberry also receives tome of the trad** of Abbeville county. Abbeville Court House last yeur is estimated to have received abi-ut eight thousand bales of cotton, while Hodges' Depot shipped about five thousand bales. I have no data by which I ! can estimate the present production of cotton of the county. The census of 1860 gives it at 21,977 bales, exceeded only by Barnwell (23, i'ju ) onu jouj?enRia (zv.iuv ) At thut time Ahbrville had a populatiou of 82,805,0? whom '20,502 were slaves. The Improved lands are put down at 238,000 acres, and thoEa unimproved at 352,000. Cash value of farm lands $5,038,000. Abbeville boaxts of two papers, tbe Banner and tbe Press, both well edited, and thoroughly reflecting the public opinion of tbe ccunty. The principal business firms here are : J. Knox & Co., Trowbridge & Co., Fowler <fc McDonald, J. J. Cunningham, Miller & Robertson, White, Smith & Co., A. M. Weir, Dr. E.Parker, and Dr. W.T. Pennyt rri * *- * * mere are iwo ooieis uere, one Ot wincl). the Marshall Douse, is kept by Mr. Mnja. Abbeville is the place of residence of Judga Wardlaw, of Hon. Armistead Burt, of Colonel Perrin, of General McGowan, and of many other gentlemen-distinguished heietofore in the field, the forum, and in the councils of the State and of the country. Their voice now is silent, hat (beir presence still is felt; and the lime, I hope, my dear readers of the News, will are long come when their counsel.will not bs passed by unheeded simply because it 14 the voice of age, wisdom aud experience. Stupidity must yield U> intelligence, ignorance to educattoo, sans-cullottes and proletanot to men of wftHlib and station. It-has ever been lb us, and will ever so continue, tbougli tbe order of a thousand years may be reversed for a brief space of time, the result of a species of political earth-quake. .* . iaED*S-EYE. [Corretpondencf -Charletton News. ! >: j^9 1 ' \ ?l? ! < 'i/. ??_ nynsiiitnu. j^irnz.?ruur genuemen, a Baptist, Pr??by t^rian, Methodist and Roman Catholic?met by agreement to dice on fifth. Soon as i grace Wail "said th 6 Catholic rose, r arfned with a knife and fbrk, taking i fabout one-third of the fish, compref bending the head, removed it tt> hia > plate, exdlalmTtig as he sat down, wiih > ^reat self- atktfaetion, :Papa'$si taput i t&Urifr?T&e tfc* headtf the t church,tnimed lately tife ' KetW i dist minister arose* and -helping him< f- Sieifto ahont ane<thu^ e?braoing tho ^ tail* ^seated AtteselfV - saying,. "Anil cor on* t . adedherayp* the t work." Tha Pcuhyiorian now thcng^ , ;c ' ' ' 4 . ' * ' / to his plato, oxclaimed, "In media est vkritas?Truth lies botween the two extremities." Our Baptist brother 1ia<1 nothing before him but an empty < plate, and the prospect of jx nihil din- I ufer, and snntching up tho bowl of i dtawn (melted) butter, he dashed it, t over them all, exclaiming "Ego buptizo > i v0s?I baptize you all." ; W hat is an Acre Worth ( 1 When a Southern farmer, be be a largo , ' cmnll nnA mill wirrlilla* ???v? ?? <? ?!??? ! . | w. V..?, ?... . ? *>? liWIUfrFUlU lll? I | value of an a: re, and Het the proper worth j by it, we may then expect that material ( I and real wculth to the State that is only | j now imaginative. We cnll ourselves nn j i agricultural people, and admit that the j i wealth of our State lies in its production?.1 , To a great extent, we may say altogether, j < that as a poiple, we aro dependent upon opr cotton, r co aud tobacco crops for what money we make. As to our corn crop, we i hardly feel like counting it in, if we judge ! from thousands of bushels that aro brought j . from the West to supply tiie demand* of. our people, and the thousands upon thoui- j auds of dollars wo send out of the State ! for that article alone; not counting the millions of pound? of bacou that wo buy also from the West. Every man llint cultivates a few hcres ol j land imagines that he must put half or two | luirus in coilou ; that cotton is the only thing that will bring ready money. Wo would not have a word to say about plantipg cotton if eacb aore planted brought a bag ; but when we know that if it takes from tbree to four acres of our worn lands to make a bag, ne feel tbat it is labor and money thrown away, and tbat tfio farmer ' baa never for a moment iai down and ualouluted tbo worth of an acre well manured and well worked. An acre of lan^well manured, well taken care of, is worth from $50 to $100. An acre that will bring twenty-two bushels of wheat and thirty bushels of corn the same year, is worth $100 per acre ; and any pains taking farmer enn make an acre produce'that. Thnmanure dropped in stables or j nrua uy nurses, COWS, UOg*, FUCep, fl?C., will mnnure ono acre well. We speak of tlie 6tuall farmer, the man with but little stock. Care and economy is all that is needed to save manure ; but so Uu>g <13 we drive along in our slip shod' way of making and living manure, we mny expect bul poor returns from the soil. If the email farmer could bo induced to take half the pains the New England farmer does on bis place, there woutd not be h farm in Bald win county that would not be worth at least $20 to the acre. But what we desire to call the especial attention of our (armors to is the import mice of manuring at leant one acre well nnd planting it iu something that will bring him $100 clear. It cqd bo done, nnd done easily, but there must be system about it. Let the small farmer who read .? this, look at the nearest city or town to which he trades, and tee what article of provisions sell readily. Take, for instance, sweet potatoes, everybody eats them, and llicy find a ready sale; they keep well, and can bo sold by the wagon load or bushel, at from fifty cents to one dollar. A farmer knows bow many bushels an acre will bring, and he knows that he can get $ 100 to an acre even at fifty cents per bushel. Take the ground pea ; it will sell readily and bring a good price. Take onions, take Irish potatoes, take peas. Put the acre in anything but cotton, and it will bring more money than cotton would* Much manure is sometimes saved and wasted by trying to manure ten to twenty acres, when in fact it sbouid bare been put on one or five. Farmers get di<couniged und say, it won't pay t? save manure, be caute tbey bave tried it, and tbeir crops were a failure; and failed because tbey tried to do too mucb witb too little, just as a foolioh house wife would attempt t'o make one blankot cover three beds. Reduce manuring to a system; make a calculation bow much one busbelof mnuure ?;n 11 . w?_ ? i nm uinuuig nt'ii j uun inuvu vuu I1WIOD load wilt manure well, and tlien put it on accordingly. Don't guess at the matter, but go at it like sensible men, and in a fen ) ears, with deep ploughing, you will find your lands doubled, quadrupled in value. Take one acre at,a lime; see that it pays for the manure put on. it. and make it ?o rich that you can always say, there it one acre that will pay me well, if bo more; but it is at easy to make ten do it as twenty or fifty. Turo under iu tie' fall the green crops of peas or the rank weeds, and much hM been accomplished; but our small farmers need rot aspect aver, to improve their lands so long as they plant cotton and it takes abput four acres to make a bale. Their lands '.will wear out and they grow poorer ?very yuar, and when thoy die, the (arm ie cot worlb two dollar* per acre.\ ! > lUiceinber,ihuthereof landu worth. . $|Q when well manured, find it ?|11 be wprth llOO if kept well manared, lo* it,, \ f?HI bring provision to that, amount any ; u?f. ? W?|U. PV email farmer* a?t gpon, ( die auggeetion hereafter f~ Wo know, ;o? jo -Wll?rfg?vitle 4h$t produce'] i forty seven bmbeUof^wbeaV aiidlbe.ttme i I y*ar pr. Jjjced eighty-four jbu?4j?i? of Opfag ittSA&S?BSm? An Old Fanner's Suggestions. In plowing, see tlint tlie woik is wel Jone. Let the furrow slice befairlv turned tlint the dec impossible matter contained in [he roots may be perfectly inhumed, and ecured from tlio wasting effect of thf> itmosphere. This is v?r important. If you apply dressing before breaking up, too mneli caro cannot be exercised in the accomplishment ?>f this work, as upou its e fficiency will depen', in a great measure, tlio Fuccess of the subsequent undertaking. No balks should be passed over; what tho plowshare leaves should be turned over with the boo or hand. Many plows per lo'in metr worK impcrlHut. l i tliu first plnce I hey do no' ueta-h the furrow slice nr. a proper an,jle, and ll.cn, instead o inverting it, they either ,4 stand it on edgr*/' nr break ?t in pieces. Implements of this character nro worse than worthless. When laml is imperfectly plowed, tlio after cultivation is always onerous ant? perplexing, and a1* a natural eon^enuenco is poorly per formed. It is therefore much better to expend money for a j?ood plow, one that will perform its work in n satijfaetory manner, than to use an imperfect one, as it will entail obstacles which il will he found no way easy to i verrome. Manuring.?Never scant your crop-. Plant no mote Imd than you can manure well. It is better to have one-hnlf an acre of soil well managed than ten nercs imperfectly worked nr.d manured. It require" no more labor to manage une acre of hind Q that will produce fifty busheta of shelled corn, than it dor* to manage one t'*at will yield hut twent}-five Ii is ucknowled<;<:d lo he poor policy to half feed our domestic: animals, and why nhould it not be considered equally absured and injudicious to half starve our corn and other crops, which wo rely upon mainly to Iced U9. Wood Asiies.?Every bushel of wood ashes applied to the corn crop is worth one dollar. The truth of this asset lion has been repeatedly demonstrated by the result of experiments accurately conducted. On all light 6oils the action of-ashes is highly energetic and salutary ; they exert u warming aod invigorating influence,and promote the rapid growth of almost every species o production. Whftn tn Rnv a "Farm ?-J ~ Very few perrons eeem to know that the months of July and August are the best in the year in which to look for or purchaae a farm. At this season one canjudgo whether the land can or does produce good crops ; for if it 18 rich the waving grass and grain will be ocular demonstration of'lhu fact; and, if thero is, according to the stereotyped fls^erticfn, an abundance of choice fruit, it can be se6n at this time to the best advantage. The low lands will 6how whether tl:cy are really dry enough for pastures in summer, and the upland its capacity for withstanding a drought. Summer is also a very yood time to view the never failing spring and the trout pond near by, and a draught from the ouo and a lunch from the other are at Unctions which ihoso who possess them seldom fail to bestow upon thoee who are likely to become purchasers. Even the weeds on a farm will assit>t a man in determining its value; for, if uothing but sluntcd rag weed and five finger are to be seen, then the land may be put down a? pour indeed; but if burdocks and catnip abound, it shows atreugth to produce crops of a higher order. Tbe pasture and meadow, orchard and garden, all show what Lliey are and what may be expected of them in these months; but earjier or later the aspect of likings may change. In the spring tho tret, b have not shown leaves, dowers or fruit; tbe roads are muddy, if ever, and the distance from the railroad station to tbe farm appears rouob greater than it actually is, especially to a Strang r. In autumn the leaves nre turning yellow, the yrain ba^ been gathered, and the dry stubble is all that remuina, and the fruits aro nearly gone ; still, the air is frenb ar;d the. land* ecape glowing with autumnal tints ; but t)je valuable products of,a farm are mainly oat of sight, hein>? stored in tbe barn or in the proprietor's pocket. ??? 1 Two Valuable Recipes.?'Editors Southern Cultivator :?A1l?w me to give you two recipes that should be printed in fetters of gold, and' given to the pubbc ; Reqipj? for Cnoiro or Scotea in Horse0.?-Give a half tumbler of spirits of camphor fri a pint of warm water (cold will do) ; if not relieved in fifteen minutes repeat the dote. Give nothing else. I have never known it fait in a practice of twenty Vears, No after bad effects. i i- T. 'liiiaiii i... t Nail in thb Foot.~To relieve frotn the t?rrij^ running n nail in the' foot of tflka peach leaves, m*u and *lfor?e Iti A ?*?* Jawd Interesting Planetary Discoveries. The planet Mars h I lie only object in 1 lie v/i oh? heavens wHich in known t?? exhibit feat tires similar lo that of our own t'JVth. And the nccnminulate explorations and discoveries of aHtronerners during the la-l two hundred years have resulted in 1 ho construction of a globe representing the characteristic* of thin' planet as astronomers believe them to exist. At a recent nieetinur of tho Astronomical "Sorintv of England, a globe of Mara was exhibited, on which land and sea* were depictured ns upon an ordinary depictured globe. Bv far the larger part of these lamia and feas were laid down as well known entities, res pectin:; which no doubt id felt among the aMrouomert- than ia felt hy ceojjiaplters eonj ceruing >he oceans and continents of our o.vu globe. An interea ing description ol [ t"is glolc appears in J>\azcr's Mayazine i To the 'ands and s-ean developed *in the | planet are applied tl>e name* of those a?! tronomers whose rese relies have ndrie>l ] to oor Unowl-dse on the Mil-jfct. Each j pole of Mara, it soemes, is captured by i':e, ! which variea in extent hcc??rding to the j pr-tgres* of the sermon. Around each enp | tliore is a poplar sea, a northern cea being i termed, tlie Schrotcr'a ?Sea. Tt:e equato! rial reivimih of Mars re mainly oci unied i r j b? ex e* i:iv.' continents, tour in number I and named D iwes Continent M.idlei Con I ! linen' S-fclii Continent and lli-rsrhel 1. | (Sir W ) Continent. Between Danes sinl , II**r.?chrl Continents fl iws h eea shaped j like ?n bour gl-i&s, callc?l Kni.-er Sea, the large souiln-rn fcean out ol which ii flows j bring denominated Dawes Ocean. Be? j tween M idler and D*wea Continents fl >ws i U nves Strait, connecting a large southern i Ocean and a northern sea, nuraed alter | Tycho. llerschol Comment is separated from Secchi Continent by Higgtns Inlet, flowing from a large southern sea termed Maraldi Sea. In like mant.er Bessel Inlet flowing out of Airov Sea ( ? northern sea) dpnviriicto il?ft \forll.?*? ?.?*.! C u: n - ' J,... .v.,., ???W iumnci OI1U I^euuui V.W3M nenK Dawes Ocnan s?*p.irates into four large seas, and large tracts of land lies be twecn lliein, but whether iliey are Islands i or not is uncertain. In Delarne Ocean tliere is a small island, which presents so bright and glittering an aspect as.to suggest the probability of its being usually covered with snow. These seas, Feparated by lands of doubtful extent, reach from lX-lurne Ocean toward the South poleOne of the most singular features of Mnrs is tho prevalence ot Log winding inlets and bottled necked seas. These features are wholly distinct from anything oil our earth. For example, Uiggins Inlet, is a lor.g foiked stream extending for about three thousand miles. Besst-1 Inlet ia npiirlc nn hiiinr un.l T..i .? _.r.i ? .j .wM6tnuu xinruniu AilltJl BlIII more rouiarkitble in it-a form. On our earth tlie oceaus are about three times as extensive as tlic continent?. On Mars a very different arrangement prevail*. In (lit- first place there is little. disp. rity between the extents of oceans and coi.tinenis and then, these are mixed up in a most complex manner. A traveler either by land or wnter could,, visit almost every quarter ot the planet without leaving the element in which he began hisjourneyings. If he choso to go by water he could jour* nev for upwards of 80,000 miles, always in sight of laud, generally with land in view on both.sides, in such intricate iaby ?t ; p i ? - runtime iubiiiou are me luuas ana seas ot Mar9 intertwined.?Boston Journal. The Bag Tickers of New York.? At a meeting pf Lite Working Wumea'a Association pf.-New York, on Monday evening lasi^ -Mrs. Norton, chairman of n committee of investigation into tbe condi tion, habits, labor and earnings of ^e rag pickers,jnLjie metropolis, pre?eulu'J quit? an intefcttjng Report :; , , Sho said ,that tbo mere .collection of rags forms but u pa ft of . the buiinesa of thesu cbiOoiner-1. Tbey oot only pass these into tlyw.i ;b#g?y, but pick up bonw, piece* of glaaa, old iron, boots, nhoec, r^raps of' le^lligr-?all are .eqnalJU .valuable. A ter the rag pkker b^?j5.l?(T)iH bt}g or banket, {tnagiivoj out uu ?uu pocket#, b? goes liordaftod n#>oru bit ware*, and (hen *omun limes cnitkes another ruund, The labor btfgio usually at tbre? or- four o'clock io llfj morning. Some make their rounds id Urfi Middle of the night, slatting alien o'clock. About one or two in- the after* oOOa be g?& borne Tbu different arti* ql*e are placed in different receptacles and Utlt there to accumulate iiutil the dealWtiMtfetf eroujid, ; The price paid tdr-thor VAg.pitkeMbr paper fedm'ga' U three' cent* ' ger pound ; glass oaecenta pound; for fcofiM, MBrapt of bnaad fund olbar fatb&ae, fifty cents bushel; leather boot* add: ?h6e? t>a r#ni n&d tor; Tbej cum from ^>rty*??Uii dkyM X** dollai* * w?*k. I 'jW-tbla M will M #WyW*i?>g el?p#-. there %*m grsdM of -workmen?some livteg a* Well m 6lb6r'w'(frkrt??n and frcm hand to reeeoti 'irtMngerroeflV NKksatfoii* The \nt?Q. j of W?H& ^&rr&iiUv*too ' fjfc*AV, ntu c^mpdledt?i?ot*^*J? ' ^Tfiefe: Is Sdftfey feMftfoi 3 wmfciffimfta t>r^o#3fcnnir*ir*?^4^o \\jt. mi ll 4^ JLiaI - paper*. Tb?? old tunic* aro tmnnlormed in para<ol handle*, also into tooth hrushm mid oilier u>tides of trade. Pieces of r?.n <ifteii find their w:iy into the bondoir ill tlietl.npe "f tlip Grecian bend and pan' iiii-rs. Site liinl coine across mprp than ( one instance in ?Wh th? ra?i p:rJc< r tv.-' been eliui>c?-'l into a Wa l- ' I g?ni!?n*r. Nothing >s !, ? nothing is filthy saw thai w I.Mi !.u find. ft. is a living i cnj.-i.-ii.- . which teaches us not lo dopKc the !: of small things. r Stay at IIoue, Boys.?A Southern j friend ol our-, who in temporarily sojouniI ing in New York, writes us as follows: j "Tell our people, especially the young ! men vwio contemplate a search for fortuue i in i his iiibtropitli", to ot-iy at. home. Of j the thirty thousand S nthcrners in Bnd | around tlic city, probably not onc-thi-d | are earring their sab. As light porJt?*, ! subordinate cWks on roicro<c:opi? saUi". | o' as t-ashlul "drummers" ftuot)(r | home acquaintance*, a p>?rli'>n of tlie<e uu ; fortunate* are worrying out ad their i,.i i j tiou which constituted their st>,.-k iiilrsnb'; I and <mrsin<r the hour in which %ey ,' f? , friends an?! hearthstone. N>?w Yoik is no EMoi-ado for any ono without capitnl." 4*l.i*t Vl*f*ilii? hnrj fH.Iu ' " ??" e .. .J.. V...C UJ,, mil. hear in mind that ilie sameen<*rgy displaye<I al home that is required in New York to keep 8'uil ?nl body together, would net them a respectable competency " Wo add ? Let tliem also liear io mind j that 'hi# 'irespeclahle competenc)'' can be readily acquired'by patient industry in ciilivating the faco of the earth. Let our young men and boys le?rn that manual labor is honorable, and that the earth will never .place her riclics in^lhe dilatory hamld of freed men ; but will yield an ampin reward to those who diligently cultivate and IvuMi.il UCI nuiu-UUV DUI II*| UUblUVVIIJg UpOIl ihem such labors as are meet to concert thein into fruitful fields and gardens.? Richmond Whiy. What send Children to the DeviL The child that is not taught to bo useful, nod industrious, and beneficent, and that seii-uniingence is km and vulgar, will, un less it be early taken home to beavenstand a cbarice lo l>e overcome and taken captive and enslaved by evil, long before it shall get half way on the road from the cradle to ihe grave. Goodness of heart, not sharpness of intellect ; strength oi character, not brilhancy of accomplishments ; copious treasure laid up in heaven, nut vast accumulations of this world*H goo?]d ; the fear of God, not * the applause of men, are what keep young people, and old people also from going to the devil. . To sum up the whole matter: Yonnar 1 people tire scut Im the devil by lurk or sympathy, hy lack of understanding, l>^ lack ol atudy of children'* natures, ??y !; * ol devotion to cbdilivri'a welfare, bv Iii- ?. new, bigotry, cruelty and tyranny o.i I part of the parents. In short, by wlialevf. itirtked ilie human fatherhood the revcuo of the Divine>Faiherhood. Tt will Ka Qilmillorl Iib nil flint tn ??!" up a family of children in tho way they should go, ie one of the greatest achievements within the compass of man's ability ; and yet, how liule of thought, or study, or ingenuity, or r-ffojt, or time, or travail of Euul, i> given to the subject, especially by fathers. Could my business under heaven be carried on successfully, if no more attention were given to it than is usually bestowed on the training hp of a family of o iliireu f Cer?ainly not. Not even n Hilar. of. pr.zu piga could bo raised with such n feeb'e outlay of time, or exercise o brttins. . A man. who would ,train up his chi'dreo jn jjjtajrajr tbey should go, riiUiU ?<Boriato wuh,tlieiD ^ontiuuti.lly, and study tboiui.ujpvft?d i? tj^e.bcst sense bs thoir f5ui'lo,.jj|iilowp^erHQ^ frjqqd.;,^. , Tpi^CHjiiiot,^ done much and pertinent jtfforl. Jt N done wbeii the pa run l ia 'oppreaaed with Iwofliunlo ol body, and t-ickuess o( heart, Rod wciirij>ea?.of foul. -S'unelimef, when his* whole 4 l~t I *-' ' i'$4v' ^ k ' p?Lure< crie? out for : JVJ&tj be m??t rouse him?eJf,.i/D4,Der^ajbiio8^lfr J<> ji^ar b story ol.cbildjab gt^ef, and to fetid..M>mo stricken. litili, heart. ;wiib U?e love ftn^rrmpathy ; V ; : .; J r .To do tW?. effect aally;L jpost'put up a be turns grnce to "** 8ft,Dhj8 Mr,Jfi?.pp>ver svliu P^ b?m0' WHlty pf; imercjj hflp p?e.. (o receive my Obildreq j?> 1 thee ^tb/ ij^dp^ ^m^h^ wjll be done .in. JOT dNMiW# u%v$rt Jnd forgive vrnmnm1'mw. #?? > '&!S/"B2"rPtw ?> ?, &t ,?S? ' ' ihmMajpjp m a "SaSfv1?