University of South Carolina Libraries
; - ? - ? - - " ~ t J 1 V ?1_JLU.J ^ , L-JL.J 1 I I mill } BY W. A. LEE AND HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., FRIDAY, JUNE 21, 1867. VOLUME. XV. NO, 9 . WHAT HAKES A MAN BICH7 There are two questions which almost every man has to consider in tho course of his life, but which very few answer correctly, and on tho correct solution of which depends very much of tho comfort and almost at length of hfo of thousands. They are those?What is it to bo rich ! and how to become so? As to the first of these nothing is moro vague and illu aory man every common ana ordinary attempt to define the word rick. "It is the opposite of poor," say ono if the popular dictionaries, with a spasmodic effort to bo ery clear and exact. But wlien you turn the word poor, it also is defined as "iho opposite of rich?needy, necessitous." Taking this as our point of departure then it is clear that lie who is always wanting more, and ia need of that which ho cannot obtaip, what ever else he may possess, is ctrtainly not rich. But riches and poverty are dependent more on internal dispositions than external circumstances. There is certainly no given amount of gold or silver tbat can be laid down as constituting wealth. Before the war, a man worth a hundred thousand dollars would have been called rich by various circumstanced people, while now it lakes five or ten times tbat sura with some people to make a respectable fortune. Everyone knows how much his own ideas on this subject have altered within the last ten years. Iu Frescott's Conquest cf l\ru it is related how the sudden possession of precious metals by tho soldiers of Spain produced such a disturbance of value in Europe, and especially in America, thatH quire of letter papef was worth several thousand dollars, and common soldiers gambled away it a single night fortunes that some grandees of Europe would have esteemed quite rqpgectable. It is said tliat one man posscsed an image of tlie sun made of wrought gold eight feet in diameter across the lace. It was taken from the , front of one of tlie temples of the natives, but he gambled it away in a single night, and the day dawned on him a beggar. Hence came the Spanish proverb, "To play away the sun before sunrise.1' There it getting to he reckless sort of.gambling and speculation nilh many, not indeed so ' disturbing in degree, but as absurd and niaa in poini 01 principal as many 01 tne speculative transaction of that wouM-renowoed period. In the oil regions a man whoso wells were netting him three tlion ands dollars a day two or ihree^ears ago, has since been reduced to povegj^. Tbat roan is rich who possesses more than be requires; And ho is poor, no matter what he possesses, who needs more than be has the power to procure. Tiiii idea of riches is tbat of plenty, of power,1 of dominion and rule. lie who has control of his own desire3 and wants, and can supply them, is rich. lie who longs for what he cannot command is poor, no matter wbat amount of money or property be hps. Ilence riches and poverty , are always fluctuating, not only with the flippy of pnper or of precious metals as many suppose, but still more with the demand occasioned by the hopes and fear of the 1 mercantile faith of the hour and of the man. When from any cause the demand is in excess of the means of supply forth# coming, whether it to be for one dollar to purchase a dinner,or one hundred millions to construct a railway across a continent, there is povec'.y. The easiest way of becoming rich is by that sort (if self-denial which always rig orouBlj^ keeps me wants easily within, the the means: When John "Wesley began to preach he commenced as a curate, with an income of thirty pounds a year, He Jive4*opoa twenty-eiglit, and gave away twrfs He ?fa3 bo far a rich man. By .degree* his income doubled and trebled, ,but "lie kept up hit simple personal habits, and always bed an abundance. lie who keeps bis desires considerably within his ihcomotjias in that & sense of power and plenty wnicn consiuuiea ino very essence of wealth. It gives him control over circumstaBQea wlficli a man of opposite babiU soon an<} invariably loses, llence it.i?4bat a habit of steady, moderate, and t well-proportioned benevoleroe really ?nribt}j|tb? g>an who cheerishcs it,, beleause it 4ceep? poverty a long way off. Had John Wesley begun, as many do in nil profeslfons, by spending two pounds a u. year more than hi*income, debt and deg* jradalion would b?te followed, and hit habile of exDenditnn would nrnhnhltr itereacad fatter (ban hie income. ?J}verJ man when be bsCtfnisbed bit education, rfogbt, if health, pot only to eam enongh'to meet nit his want* and be gen < ? ^ ? ? erous, but to lay by something, however small, for ft rainy Jay. The consciousness if this is mine of wealth. It makes a man inwardly rich in the true sense of the term, and the habit will grow?n manly sence of independence will grow with it.? Phila. Ledger. MISS AUGUSTA EVANS. Rev. II. A. M. Henderson furnishes the Louisville Journal wilh iho following | complimonalry notice of one of tho most j popular of Soulhern Authoresses; Somo of my friends have suggested that Miss Evans is an infidel, or inclmcd to be one. No! no !! no!!! Sbo is no "Beautiful tyrant! fiend angelical!" She is a Christian, and "Beulali" is a Christian 1 book. Go on Sabbath to St. Francis Street Methodist Church Mobile, Alabama. You will find an elegant cburch ; a fine, in , tfclleeluiil-looking congregation ; in the pul j pit a man whose jicrsonml, voice, rhetoric, 1 logic,?all will impress you?and u fine | choir led by Miss Augusla J. Evans, i 1 Instead of her being au infidel, such as 1 n? r?.\r..? t ?i.:? 1? i'lia. ?J?'| iLi.irw'iiy j her skepticism "buoyant by the gay fV.itli- , ' criiig of many splendid accomplishments," >< fche is a meek Methodist?i? Martha at tlie ! feet of Jesus. There i3 nothing transcen- | 1 dental about Miss Evans. She don't fit- ; ' feet to be au angel. She is purely human- ' ly?womanly. She dresses plainly, unaf- ' fectedly, suits her conversation to her | < company, and overwhelms you with the ! 1 idea of her exceedine: common sense. She 1 i . can talk to you in all the modern langua- j 1 "ges and , all the terminology of meta i 1 physics, but she wont unles3 you have an ' car for it. She can give a man of anti- j quarian taEte an inkling of all traditionary | lore of Tarquins, Talmud3, Koran?, Itieh- j tor, etc.; but if you prefer, she will talk j to you about the morning paper or the raising of vegetables. Slie will sit down to tho piano, you like music and sing psalms or ballnds, or play funeral-marches or quicksteps, aa you may prefer. Sho id one of ibe very Guest performers on the piano. Miss Evans rises with tho lark, : and is fully as cheerful. She helps her ' mnl llftl- firlllicta tlm I"" ^ - , MMjudio HIV 1IVUOIIUIU, Mllll IIU3 ttU I i ejo to tho domestic and literary education j of her younger sisters, of whom tl.erc aru I several. She never goes out to "spend 1 the day" without her work-basket, and she ] sews or knits, can talk of cookery-books or | Coptic manuscripts. Through the long 1 lour years of war she was a Florence Nigh- ? tingale among the sick and wounded t Southern soldiers. She moved through t hospitals and camps, and over bloody bat- t lie-grounds, like au angel of mercy. < And now she is devoting the high ener? < g;es of her nature to tho erection of a J < monument (to cost $20,000) in Bienville 1 Square, Mobile, to the memory of the Confederate dead. Miss Evans resides I about two and a balf miles from Mobile, : l on one of llie railroads. Iler iToiae, tbou^ii ! f ' I not palatial, ia tastefully rural, and a lit r( treat for tbe muses. It is the literary ! I Mecca, however toward which high and i 1 itobio natures turn tbeir footsteps, and is j i olten tbroDged with the sous and daugh- , I ter o( immortal mind. A life like portrait i of our fair and talented country-woman \ will grace the American departmeut in tbu i grand Exposition at Paris. Thither, too ' our autlioroKs, in propria peruana, will bend | ber steps, herselt (be noblest contribution i i America can make to the World's Fair. ' Miss Evans ib now a tine, beulthy woman, about twenty-seven years of age. Pos- i sussed ot a high order of intellect, a refilled taste, a softness of maimer, a tenderness of heart, and a trustful Christian faith, she is indeed a queenly woman. Her conversation 7s animated. She would be a Demosthenes in the Senate, if her sex were uenatoriaUV She can talk to you of painting until the bright pictures shall move, like a panorama, before jour view. She can converse ol music, until you sball feel that your very heart is a musical tcore, and me very atmosphere loaded witb orchestral melody. Mention Pomponatius, Fuerbacb, Cousin?and you shall* eoon ieel that she is a triumphing Sun amid the vapors of Cldudland. lntiriate Christianity, and [o!sbe i? transfigured into a bright' Evangeline of the Faith. Without Buy apparent ambition to shine, she glitters like diamond before you. If she ever marries, it will take a Petrarch whom no earthly price can allure from the love of his Laura, to win her heart and band. I expect she will die the bride of Literature. T he-man that claims lier.fcaud must be high-soaled, broad-tboughted, God-devoted,-or he may^ Upect a civil rejection v.. .l - _? e ii.t ?-i au.iod pinut im uie JJWJ vi 2UHDaiuii| ?uu # if (hat noble commonwealth had no higher claims to reconstruction, it would justly bo considered something worthy of consideration to say it is the Slate, the home ol Augusta Evans. ROTATION OE CROPS. Wo have often heard the remark that Southern planters were pursuing a suici dnl policy, by allowing tho cultivatioQ of i: ik.;. V.VUVII IU (1IUUU|'^II60 OU \J I LUCU time an'l labor. Others again will pertly, inquire where is tho economy of raising so much cotton when you !>ny bacon, flour negro clothe*, and a great many oilier articled which might bo made at home? Now we think, it involves considerable thought, some philosophy, and no less experience to conclude correctly, whether planters in the cotton growing region of our countay ">uld grow cotton exclusively, or equalize the investment between cotton and the cereali or small grain. Wo believe if a man's object is to make money by planting, and he plants with an eye to thai result alone, lie should roly upon his cotton crop for his income. If, however, the planters object to ilie pursuit sf happiness, the luxury ot "living within himself," or the improvement of his plan'.atiou, another system should bo adopted ; md ir. both cases cotton might legitimately constitute the "big idea," in his crop. Cottou is the only paying crop we can :uliivate, and why ? It is because the imount produced per acre is worth more money than any other crop? Not at all, but because it is more readily converted nto cash. Cotton always has a market ?nd can at any time bo sold for cash; jraiti cannot. Suppose a single district in our Stato ^Fairfield for instance) should substitute >ne entire crop of grain for cotton, what ivould bo tho result? The world would lot feel it of course, but our planters would )e the sufferers. Instead ol being able to ;ell their <irain at ho:ne>' tboy would bo re? juired to ship it to inarlcet supplied from ;ountries whoso staple produce is grain, Hid where this commodity can bo grown cheaper and more ^buudantly per acre, inc. consequently qould be aold cheaper. While we repudiate the principle of sacrificing Carolina's bills for Florida's hamuocks, or Louisiana's bayous, soh-ly for the purpose of increasing tho capacity of onr jurscs, we l>y no means condemn those jeads of families who emigrate southward \ .i. ? ~r ?. urn ncomaiu tu uutitiu tnu iiit-UKM ui builing llieir children around tbom. So, in ,lie cultivation of cropa wo are^opposed to .lie monopoly of " King Outton," though equally averse to thu exclusive cultivation jf small grain and raising stock. Each Jcocrved our attention, and no one more .tiun the otber sbuuld receive it. Our system tbenisto divide the planta,ion into three parts, a third for cotton., a Jurd fur corn, and the remaining third 'or oats, wheat, rye or barley and potatoes. i\s soon as ilio wheat, oats, a?iU ryo are iurve?ted, sow broadcast, upon the stubble iialf bushel peas per acre, plow all in iinmedutelv, and in the fall just bofoio lVost, jury under with a two horse plow, vines ind peas. The second year put cotton upon this land, corn where cctton grew ihe fiiat year, and grain where the corn was. The third year succeed the small grain'tgain with cotton, the cotton with :oru, and the corn agaiti with small grain. Ihe fourth year bt-gins the rotation again. In this triennial system of rotating nrnno llio ooma lunrl nrAilu/too *!*?* *<?? ?MW UM.I.W iMUVi UVA.O mg OUIIIC crop only every fourth year, hence allowing time for tha accumuliilion in the soil of those nutritive ingredients required tor each specific crop. Another very roateri al advantage of ttiia system, we think,consists in diminishing the area of your cotton crop, and increasing that of vour small grain without diminishing the value of your income, while it improves the land, and affords more time for waking manure. Every body Allows that, a large cotton crop per hand requires the labor of the hands frotn January till Christmas ; but the above system allows time for harvesting the summer crops, sowing the pea crop and making manure enoug to apply to one third of the land cultivated. In making manure we venture it as our opiniof^ founded only upon judgment, that, compost heaps, on the Bomar principal for instance, are riot economy. The stable, cow bouse and pen pig pen, chickon-coop. uorae-iot, and teinple, are ine places to make manure, and wj[Il afford, property managed^ as much as the. planter has time to haul oat at the required season of the year. The manure made, we may be asked, bow and to what will you apply it # , w - .... in your biennial system ? In this wo have system too, and will readily explain it, First it will bo seen the cotton succeeds the grain s'.ubhle and pea crop plowed in ; this then must suffice each yoar for cotton. Oei our wheat, <tc.' wo sow all the cotton, seed wo have, if it shonld be fifty bueheta per aero. And to tho corn in the drill wo apply all tho manuro wo can make, fresh fi??m tlio stable, cow house, or nnv * V where wo can get it. This manuring, aided tlm next year by the cotton seed, annually increases the wheat crops of peas and pea vines to bury in, in the fall for the next year's crop of cotton. In the corn, we plant peas for seed and food for milch cows and neofoes in the winter. "Wo have sometimes been told, that, "your crop of corn will firo and burn up from tliis npplioation of manure;" well sometimes ours does "fire," nn.1 so does all corn ; but our observation is that, whero one ttallc "fires'' from being healed bv the manure, ten stalks dio of poverty. Poor land and bud managoment, such as plow*ing when too wet, or plowing too close and too deep in llio advanced stago of I lie crop, will do ten fold more injury to corn than twice the amouut of manure generally applied. THE APPLICATION OP FARM-YARD MANURE. Tho following sensible remarks from the Country Gentleman are wor. thy of consideration by thoso who so I often advocate onn or f.Vin nilioi* oi<i? j of the question, and who aro right j or wrong, as their theory may apply j to different soils : I On this question tliero is a differ! once of opinion?somo maintaining that it should ho applied in its greon, long state," while others favor tho short or decu3*cd state. If wo investigate each ef thoso cases, wo shall : probably lind that tho former oceu jjius a sim whoho mecnanicai condition will bo improvod by farther separating the particles, such aa is the caso with any close, heavy soil of clay or loam. The other class occu. pies a different soil?ono whoso mechanical condition would bo injured by a farther separation, such us a light of sandy soil; so that the nocds of a soil will determine the best state in which To apply it for the greatest benefit to the soil. Long manure, applied and allowed to dccay in the noil, has tho effect of convertieg tho whole layor of soil with which it is ! covered into a compost bod, looson. irig and warming, as well as imparting tho valuable trases tn thn soil which holds thoin in roadiness to honor any futuro doraand. Such applications^ without doubt, onrich tho soil to tho full extent of the elements of recent manure, but that it is the best for immediate crops is unquestionably an error; for tbe manure is unprepared to part with tho necossary elements of nutrition demanded by tho growing crop?a longer time being required for tboir assimilation. In light, open soils, long or fresh manure docs not decay as freoly as in more loo^o, heavy ones; neither are tho products of decomposition obsorb od as in tho latter. Instnnd nf tho proper fermentation and breaking dowb of the raatoriul, it dries up and becomes carbonizod; often allowing much of the soluble matter to be washed away, impurting littlo or no bonefit to tbe crop. The object bad in view, in applying manuro, will best determine the proper state in which it should be applied?whether to alter tbe mechanical condition of tho soil, and giv) a slow and lasting effect, or give a more immediate benefit to tho quick-growing crop, in the last case, manure which has well advanced in decomposition will give the more immediate effect. The action of fe&nuro in the d liferent stages may plainly bo seen on growing *orn planted on fermented and UDnrmented manure; with the former^r comes up and growes luxuriantly, with a rich, dark-green color, while on Ae other it had a sickly, vcllow errowth unci look in its earlier stages, often influencing the entire growth' and the crop. In the application of manure the farmer will necessarily take all things bearing upon ibe question of the soil, object to be attained, ete., into consideration, and reoolleotY that what is theoretically, is not always practically, beat; or, what is best for # ono man, under local circumstances, I ifi not the only or bost form in every i locality for evory variety of crop or \ for every especial object. i NAME3 OF DAYS- < The idola which our Saxon ancestors worshiped, and from which the days of tho week derive ihcir names, were various, and the prinuiDal obniet of ihoir orlmo. . lion. t The Idol-of ihe Sun.?The idol which t represented the glorious luminary of the day, was the chief object of their worship. It is described like the bust of nun, set up- ? on a pillar, holding with out stretched arms a burning wheel beforo his breast. The ( first day of tho week was especially dedicatcd to its adoration, wbich they termad ( l.? T? - 1 > > - ihu ouu 3 jjcuy ; ueiico 13 ueriveu me word i Sunday. The Idol of the Moon.?The next was tlio idol of the moon, which they worship- j* ed on tho second day of the week, called 1 by them, Moon's Deng?and since by us 1 Monday. The form of the idol is intended 1 to represent a woman, habitod iu a short coat and hood, and two long ears. i The Idol of Tuisco.?Tuifco was at \ first deified as the-tather and ruler of Teu- t ton race, but in the course of time he was t worshiped as the son of earth. -From this came the Saxon words, Tuisco Deag, which we call Tuesday, lie is represented standing on a pcde?stal, as an old venerable ] sage, clothed in the skin of an animal, and holding a sceptre in iho right band. | The Idol of Woden, or Odin.?Woden, ] or OJ'.n was one of the supreme divinities of the northern nations. This hero is supposed to have emigrated from the East, 1 but from what country or at what timo is ' unknown. His exploits form the greater part ' of the mythological creed of the northern ' .: ? i i.s_ _ _t * ? - rt liiuuiiB, uiiu ms Hcuievcaienis are magnilicent beyond all credibility. The name of the fourth day in the wouk called by the ' Saxon Woden'9 Deag, and by us Wednesday, is, derived from this personage. Wo- | den represented in * bold and martini at* < titude, clad in armor, with a 'broadsword t uplifted in his right hand. j The Idol Thor.?Thor was tho eldest < and bravest of the sons of Woden and \ Friga, and was, after bis parents, considered the greatest god among the Saxons and ^ Daues. To him the fifth day of the week, ^ called by them Thor's Deng, and by us . Thursday, was consecrated. Thor is repre senteu as sitting on a tlirono with a crown ^ of gold on his head, adorned with a circle ^ in front, wherein were set twelve bright burnished gold stars, and with a regal | sceptre in his right hand. The Idol of Friga, or Frega.? Friga, ' or Frega was the wife of Woden or Oden, ' and, next to him, the most revered diviuity among tbo heathen Saxon?, Danes, and Atllrtf T? ? 4 vbdui uvivuvi ii unuuusi All tll? UlUBIt HU* cient times, Friga, or Frega, was the same with the goddess Ilortha Farth. To her the Bixth day of the week was consecrated, which by the Saxons was writtin Friga's Deag, corre?pondig with our Friday. Friga is represented with a drawn sword iu her right hand aud a bow in her left. 1 The Idol Seater.?The idol Seater is represented on a pedestal, whereon is placed a perch, on the sharp, prickled buck of which be stood. Elis bead was uncov- , ered, and bis visage loan. In his left hand was a pail of water wherein were flowers < and fruits; and his dress consisted of a j long coat, girded with linen. The sppeb IntioD givetf to the day of bis celebration ' is sliil retained. The Saxons named it ' Sealer's Deag,'which we call Saturday, i Thus the days of our week are derived from the heathen ideas npd heathen worship ] Keeping Eggs.?"Down east" and r others. There is always some rislfc in keeping eggs a longtime, and thoso not abao- t lutely fresh wil^ never sell well. When < eggs stand long in one position the yolk gets down against the shell, and if there a any evaporation it soon either adheres to tlie shell or the air gets to it, and decays, ] or becomes tainted a little. Eggs mav be i greased, and packed in oats in barrels headed up tight kept cool and dry, aud t oiled or inverted or both every few days; thus thej will keep, and when wonted for market must be rolled in bran or meal to ( get the grease off, and perhaps dipped iu lime water to give them a fresh ' look. Uow long they may be kept thus i ?v?a i)/\ Itr?aw kiif sahamI mnnllia a# i WO UU UVk AUUI*| UUM og?SI*l WVfJVUO CSV least. Eggs will keep in lime Water, bat < it is difficult to4turn or roll the barrel*, ami so the yolks get egainst the shell, and i .besides the shells look very chalky, and their sale is hart. The best Way is jttobas Idy to pack tbo fresh eggs in barrels with meal or bran, setting them on the end, using no grease, fur the njcal absorbs it md it turns rancid. Hoad up the barrels ind invert once a week, and keep in a ;ool dry place. MISCELLANEOUS SUGGESTIONS. The following are copied from a list of :onvenient and useful " Health Surges ions and Simple Remedies," published in ,ho Mclbodist Alumnae for 1867 \ How to Catch Cold.?Go to bod with :old feet; stand on the n'reet and chat with, i friend in a cool evening after ft warming valk; stand without over clothing in aa )pen hall door, and linger farewells with i friend who has visited you; or sit in tho >pan window of a warm room. Theoe inscriptions aro infallible. JIoio to Cure a Cold.?At night thornighly soak tho feet in as warm water an nay be borno ; then put bountiftl drafts >n the feet, by this means keeping them .vnrm as possible. Coughing.? Tho paroxysm of cough? ng may often bo prevented or cured by ibing a liltlo dry 9alt as a gargle. Let hose who doubt try it it. It will relieve ho tickling in the throat. Poulticet.?The use of poultices i3 to jromote warmth and moisture ; hence thosa which keep warin and moist the longest ire best. Cold light wheat bread, soaked in sweet milk, make good ones. A beet Vesh from ibe garden, and pounded fine, makes an elegant poultice. JTeuralyia.?A New Hampshire gentle man bhjs: "Take two largo tablespooDfuIs of cologno and two teaspooonfuls of fine salt; mix litem together in a email bottle; a very time you have any acute affection of tho facial nerves, or Deuralgia, Bimply breathe the fumes in your nose from tbo botile, and will be immediately relieved." Diphtheria.?It is said that this disease nay be speedily arrested, and sometimes ;ured, by shallowing lumps of ice, confinuousli/, until relief is afforded; let them is much as possible molt ia your ihro&t. Common sore throat is cured in the sama rvay sometimes. Burns.?Immerse instantly in cold waer. Remove the water and cover with lour. Put on as much flour a9 will stick; . if -'he burns are severe cover the parts an inch thick, and cover the whole with cot? :on batting, No other application should be made unless prescribed by a physician. Dry flour :a probably the best remedy for burns ever used. Charcoal laid on the part burned has sometimes stooped the ^ pain instantly. SON-DAY ES. Bright ihadows of truo reatl soma shoots of Heaven once a week ; rho next world'* gladness prepouesied in this, A day to seek; Eternity in time; the step* by which We climb above all ogee: lamps that light Man through his heap of dark days; aud tho rich And full redemption of the wjiole week's flight! rhe pulleys unto headlong man ; time's bower; The narrow way; transplanted paradise; Ood'a walking hours; The eool of the day I rhe creatures jubilee; Ood'a pari* with dust cleaven here; man on those hills of myrrh and flowres; Angels descending; the rsturgp. of trust; A gleam of glory after six day's showres I n.? m..i LUO VUUIV.UOO IV? V-IQtUlO) Vituv ? And iotereit Deducted frog* the whole; (he oombi and hive, And home of rest, rhe milky-way cholkt oat with ?ans;. ivlae, Hjatguides through erring hours; and in fall tory K taste of heaven on tarth; the pledge and cuo )f a full feast; and the out-oourta of gtory. , Henry Vaughn, 1621?1095. - t ? Chapter or Proverbs.?Benefit*, iko flowers, please while they are iresh. Better the feet slip than the 'the ; Loogoe. An evil nature wants occasion. "VT_ a ^ si . . . jmi ii immure cures, ana me aocior t&KOS * the credit. Few of us are fools always j all sometimes. Leb?oot every pain send (he* to tM doctor, every quarrel to lawy?Jr, ox* avery thirst to the dramshop. He begins to die who hath &o dte^ Birea. Ho is not poor who hath ltHld, bit' he that desimh mxtoh. # '