"H BY W. A. LEE AND HUGH WILSON ~a nnpm, 7 ? =- - =? 1 ' T : : ABBEVILLE, S. C., IRIDAY. MARCH 9, 1866. VOLUME XIII/NO.47. Veto ot the frkkbitkitb bureau bill. To the Senate of the United States: I have examined with care tho bill which origin ill t}id Senate, ^pd has; 'been passed by the two Houses of Congress, to amfod in; Afet eutitlad " An Act to ea'ab~l?h a Btireau for the relief of Freedmen and Refugees^" and for other purposes.? llavihg, with much regret, come to the opbolosioti that it would'not :bd consistent with the public, welfare to give.my approval \o tbe igiefcsufdi I returff the bill to the Senate with my objections to its becoming a law. I might call to mind, in advance of theso objections, that there is no immediate necessity for the proposed measure. Tbe Act to establish a Bureau for the relief of fraadmen and rafiicrppn. nliinli wnn nnnrnv. edrfe axonLh of March last, has not yet expired: It was thought stringent and extensive enough for the purpose in view in time of war. Before it ceases to have effect, fut^hej experience may aaeiit to guide us tq ti-yiUB conclusion as to the poling to be adopted, in tira,e of peace. ; *i&fiirr immunities belonging to whttepersons" to imprisonment or fine, or bothi1?-without, however, defining tbe "oivil rights and immunities" which are thus to be secured to tl# freedroan by military law. This military jurisdiction also extends to all questions that may arise respecting Tt- ?? - ? - i- - --- - - wuiiauw. A uu n^cuii nuw 13 II) U3 10 exer- I cise tbe office of a military judge may be a stranger, entirely ignorant of tbe laws of tbe place, and exposed to tbe errors of judgment to which all men are liable. Tlie exercise of, power, over which there is no le^s) jqp?rvUion,'by so vast a number of agents aa is contemplated by tbe bill, roust, by the very nature.of man, be attempted by acts of caprice, injustice and passion. Tbe Crisis having their origin under this'bill are to take place without tne intervention of a jury,^d without any fixed rules of law or evidence- The rules on which offel^e^r<^^ J'liw|rd and determined" by tbe num'erous agents, are such rules and r/?gjilstjon? sij jhepresjdenj, through (be War Department, shall pretcribe. No ore vfo&'pi^^linimtHBj^uii^lnoTvaoy ia~ (dictmeift chargipg the commission of. a crime agaiqsi the laws; but the itifrt rauit proceed on charges and apecifioations.? ,^BMup?pj?bi?ept yj)l be?pot what the law ^HpfiaKe?btit such *s a court martial may think proper; and from thpae arbitraryi tribunals, there lie# poappeMt B? writ of error to any of the' eourta in which the ConsiUtutoit of the United St^te# rests exdorifelrtt^udj^^ th^flountiy. * 1 ft1 i actions and offences tb*t are m?de ?nbiept . trf thfc *ftfctifekrt'? k ^?w, Will t)?r* ap limij^tiog vin ud -^'7- ?* ?^? . / District of Colntpdia, except for (he benefit ftf'our d?#AW?rf oi4?? and MUora. ft baa peref founded Bcliqpla for any cIrw (of our o*n people?noi even for the orphan# of I tbo** who bare fallen iu the defence of the Union, bat left the care of education to the rrf^ftgiTr I * lVlfcinfr' HIA ??? ?w m much moro compotent and efficient control of the States, of communities, of private as, sociations and of individuals. Ik has never deemed itself authorized to expend the public money for tho rent or purchase of homes for tho thousands, not to say millions, of the white race, who are honestly toiling from day to day, for their subsistence. A system for tlio support of indigent persons in the United States was never contemplated by tho authors of the Constitution ; nor can nny good reason be advanoed why, as a permanent ebtablishment, it Bhould be founded for one class or color of our peoplo more lh?tn another. Pending the war, many refugees and freedmen received support of the government, but it was never intended that they should henceforth be fed, clothed, educated and sheltered by tbe United States. Tbe idea on which the slaves were assisted to freodom was, that, on becoming free, they would be a self-sustaining population. Any legislation that shall imply that they are not expected to attain a self-sustaining condition, must have a tendency injurious alike to their character and their prospects. The Appointment of an agent for every Connty and Parish will crcate an immense patronRge ; and the expense of the numerous officers and their clerks, to ho appointed by the President, will be groat in the beginning, with a tendency steadily to increase. The appropriations asked by the Freed men's Beareau, as now established, for the year 1806, amount to $11,745,000. It may be safely estimated ihnt the cost to be incurred uudor the pending bill will Require double that amount?more than the entire sum expended in any one rear under tho administration of the second Adains. If tho presenco of agents in every Parish and County ia to be considered ns a war measure, opposition, or even resistance, might be provoked ; bo that, to e'tve effect to ihat jurisdiction, troops would Tiave to be stationed within reach of every onf> of them, and thu9 a large standing force be rondered necessary. Large appropriations would, therefore, bo required to sustain and enforce military jurisdiction in every County or Parish from the Potomac to the Rio Grande. The condition of our fiscal affairs is encouraging; but, in order to sustain the present measure of public confidence, it is necessary that wo practice not merely customary economy, but, as far as possible, severo retrenchment. In addition to the objections already stated, the fifth Fection of the bill proposes to take away land from its former owners without any legal proceedings beinjr first had, contrary to that provision of the Constitution which declares that do perso.i eliall " be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law." It doea not aupcar that a part of the land to whicj> this section refers may not be owned by minors or persons ot unsound mind, or by those who have been faith/?*! to all their obligations as citizens of the United States. If any portion of the land is held by Bttfb persons, it is no't competent for any authoiity to deprive them of it. If, on the other hand, it bo found that the property is liable to confiscation, even then it cannot be appropriated to public purposes until. by due process of law, it shall have been declared forfeited to the Government. There is still further objection to tho bill, on grounds seriously affecting the class of persons to whom it is designed to bring relief. It will tend to keep the mind of the freedman in a state of uncertain expectation and restlessness, while to those among whom he lives it will be a source of constant and vague apprehension. Undoubtedly the freedman should be protected, but he should be protected by the civil authorities, especially by the exercise of all the constitutional powers of theoourt* of the United States and of tbe States. His condition is not so exposed as may at first be imagined. He is in a portion of the country where hi* labor cannot well be a n n ' d(iiubu. wumjitibuiuu (V>r uia ?jiriuui iroip planters, from those who are constructing or repairing railroads, nod from capitalists in his vicinage or from other Sta?s, will ennblft liim to comrarind almost bit own terms. Ho also possesses a perfect right to change his place of abode, rind if, therefore, he does not find in one community or State a mode of life ftited to bis desires, or proper remuneration for his labor, he ean move to another, where that labor is more esteemed and better, rewarded. Ip, truth, however, each Stale, induced by it* 0*n wants and interests, will v>/u ig.uifi^#pBpiy ?Bd^emap4 will ntyfe, lain their force, and the wages of the |*r borer will bferegolated/thereby. There is no daage?thal the exceeding great demand for lfcbor will nofc operate in faror of the laborer. * Neither is sufficient consideration given to tlio ability of tlie freedraen to protect and take caro of themselves. It is do more than justice, to them to believe that, as they havo received their freedom with moderation and forbearance, so they will distinguish themselves by their industry and thrift, and soon show tho world that in a condition of freedom they are self-sustaining, capable of selecting their own employment and their own place of abode, of insisting for themselves on a proper remunor' tion, and of establishing and maintaining lueir own asyiuras ana scuoois. It is earnestly hoped that instead of wasting away, tbey will by tbeir own efforts establish for themselves a condition of respectability and prosperity. It is certain that they can attain to that condition only through their own merits and exertions. In this connection, the query presents itself, whether the system proposed by this bill will not, when put into complete operation, practicnlly transfer the entire care, support and control of 4,000,000 of emnn* cipated slaves to agents, overseers or taskmasters, who, appointed at Washington, are to be located io every county and Pnrish throughout the United States containing freed men and refugees. Such a system would inevitably lend to a concentration of power io the Executive, which would enable him, if so disposed, to control the action of. this numerous class, and use them for tho attainment of his own political ends. I cannot but add another grave objection to this hill. The Constitution imperatively declares, in connection with taxation, that each Slate shall have nt least one representative, and fixes the rule for the number to which, in future times, each State shall be entitled. It also provides that the Son nto of tho United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, and adds, with peculiar force, that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in tho Senate. Tho original Act was necessarily passed in tho ahsenco of the Slates chiefly to be affected, because llieir people were contumaciously engaged in tho rebellion. Now, the case is changed, and aome, at least, of those State*, aro attending Congrcsa by loyal representatives, soliciting the allowance of the constitutional right of representation. At the lime, however, of the consideration and the passing of this bill, there was no Senator or Representative in Csngress from the eleven Slates which are to be mainly affected by ils provisions. The very fact that reports were and are made against the good disposition of the people of that portion of the country, is an additional reason why they need and should have Representatives of their own in Congress to explain their condition, reply to accusations, and assist, by their local knowledge, in the perfecting of measures immediately affecting themselves. While the liberty of deliberation would then be free, and Congress would bare full power to decide according to ita judgment, there could be no objection urged that the Slates 'moal interested had not been permitted to be board. The principle U firmly fixed in the minds of t&e American people that there should be no taxation wituout .representation. Groat burdens have now to b? borne by all tho country, and wo may best demand that they shall be borne without murn.'Uf when they are voted by a majority of tho representatives of the people. I would not interfere with the unquestionable right of Congress to judge, each House for itself, "of the elections, returns and qualifieations of its own members/* But that authority cannot be construed as excluding the right _ ?? k |J - -# .-L - 0?_A_ to suut out, IQ nine 01 pwiw>, ??y ovnvo from the representation to which it it entitled by the Constitution. At present all the people of eleven State* are excluded? those who were roost faithful during tbe w"ar not less tfian the others. The State of Tennessee, for instance, whose authorities engaged in rebellion, was restored to all her constitutional relations to the Union by tbe patriotism and energy of her injured and betrayed people. Before Ihe war was brought to a termination, they had placed themselves in relations with the deneral Government, bud established ? State Government of tbeir own, and, as they were not included in the emancipation proclamation, they, by tbeir own act, had amended theff Constitution so as to abolish sisvery within the limits of tbeir Statfe.' I know bo reaaim why the State of Ten tftssee. fbr example should not fully eoioy " 1! ber oonatitbtional relations to the United 8utea.n The President of the United States standa toward* the country in a somewhat different aUitnde fyom tbat of any member 9f Congress* Baob member of Congress it oboHo iWu>a llngto Distrtct or $t*te; tlijf President ta ebosetr by the peopleof ?U the State*.* As eleven States' /&re not it Ufa time represented in either branch of Congress, it would Beotn to be his duty on all proper occasions to present their just claims to Congress. , There always will be differences of opinion in tho community, nnd individuals may be guilty of transgressions of the law; but the66 do r.ot constitute vulid objections against the right of a State to representation. I would in no wise interfere with the discretion of Congress with regard to the qualifications of members, but I hold it my duty to recommend to you, in the inte: osta of pence and in the interests of Union, the admissiou of every fif afa Ia Wo ?r? >??!%.!!/> ? * U....V ? .w^ukis jyvjunv lugiamilOIl, vritOD, however insubordinate, insurgent, or rebellions its people may have been, it presents itself not only in an attitude of loyalty and harmony, but in the persons of representatives, whose loyalty caunot be questioned under any existing constitutional or legal test. It is plain that an indefinite or permanent exclusion of any part of the country from representation must be attended by a spirit of disquiet and complaint. It is unwise and dangerous to pursue a course of measures which will unite a very large scction of the country against another large section of the country, however much tlio latter may preponderate. The course of emigration, the developments of industry and business, and natural causes, will raise up at the South men as devoted to the Union as those of any other part of the land. Cut if they are all excluded from Congress?if, in a permanent statue, tbey are declared to bo not in full constitutional relations to tbe | country, tbey may think they hare cause to beoome a unit in feeling and sentiment against the Government. Under the political education of the American poeple, tbe idea is inherent and ineradicable that the consent of tbe majority of the wbole people is necessary to secure a willing acquiescence in legislation. The bill under consideration refers to certain of the States as though tbey had not "been fully restored in all the[r Constitutional relations to the Unted States." If they have not, let U9 at once act together to Becure that desirable end at the earliest possible moment. It is hardly necessary j for roe to inform Congress that, in my own judgment, most of those States, so far at lenst as depends upon their own action, have already been fully restored,'and are to be deemed as entitled to enjoy their Constitutional rights as members of the Union. Reasoning from the Constitution itself, and from the actual situation of the country, I feel not only entitled, but bound, to assume that, with the Ftdeanl Courts restored, and those of the several Slates in the full exercise of their functions, the rights and inter* esls of all classes of the people will, with the aid of the military in cases of resistance to the law, be essentially protected against unconstitutional infringement and violation. Should this expectation unhappily fail? which I do npt anticipate? then the Executive ia already fully armed with ihe powers conferred by the Act of March, 1892, establishing the Freedmen's Bureau, and here? after, as heretofore, he can employ tba land and naval forces of the country to suppress insurrection or to overcome obstructions to the laws. In accordance with the Constitution, I return the bill to the Senate, in the earnest hope thata measure involving questions and interest? so important to tho country will not become a law unless, upon deliberate consideration by ilie people, it shall receive the sanction of an enlightened public judgment. ANDREW JOHNSON. Washington, February 10,1800. How to Cu&s a Husband.?A woman, whom her husband used frequently to scold, went to a cunning msn to inquire how she might cure him of his barbarity. The sagacious soothsayer beard her uotnnlflint. on/1 | j-- ? j Miarvi VMVUUVIU^ DUIUO UNIU words, and using various gesticulations, while he filled a phial with colored liquid, desired her, whenever her husband was in a passion, to take a mouthful of the liquor and keep it in her mouth for five minutes. The woman, quite oveijoyed at so simple a remedy, strictly folloWod the counsel which was given ber, and by fcor silence escaped the usual annoyance. The contents of the bottle being at last expended, she returned to the eunniug man and aaxr ! iously begged to have another possessed of this'same ' virtue. "Daughter," said the man,"there was nothing in the bottle but brown sugar and water. When your hus band u-in a portion, bold your tongue, and my life 06 ir, ha wW not tcold you in fa* ture." V * - ?' ' u 1 i Wby is a Nabob like a b?ggar t Becatuo ha'i an Iodytgent. It, 11 *,* me . 1 v R? ?D?a.?No aotertainmant U to oheap aa reading, pSr any pteasuft to listing. * . . ... .. THZ PHILOSOPHY OF 8MOKINO. LECTURE BT Dn. DAII.Y. At tlio Cooper Inslilulo Wednesday evening, the Rev. S. W. Bailey dolivorod a facetious lecture on the "Philosophy of Smoking," designed to provo that the practice was conducive to the growth of democratic ideas and family happiness. There was a good attendanco, and the lecture was entertaining and well received. In the course of the interesting address it was remarked that the advont of the use of to1 f ? .... uaccu gitve uirtn 10 acmoorntio tde^, and that in olden times tobacco had been regarded as a great gift of the great though unknown spirit, and that in later years we heard of smokiug the pipe of peace. Tba regard entertained by the Indians for tobacco was then dwelt upon, and their cus-. toms were humorously referred to. Tho lecturer then called to hia aid, in behalf of tho uae of tho favorite weed, tho great poets of by gono times, who, through their works, etill live among us. Tobacco was declarod at> divine and rare; a sovereign to all desirous of quiotude and peace. The well known ode, by Charlea Lamb, to tobacco, was then quoted in be half of tho almost universal use of tobacco. Tobacco, 6aid the lecturer, is a powerful political agent, it ie loyal to tlio State, and is destructive of despotism; aa well as pro* tective of democratic freedom. The ubo of tobacco was then characterized a choice blessing, and ripened early youth into full grown manhood. Its elating and aspiring qualities were then dilated upon. As a perfect stimulant it was almost unequaled, and it engendered a high tono in social life. The learned lecturer iheii called to his aid the poetical odea of Cowper and others, on. tobacco. Various illustrations were quoted and the whole tenor of th? speakers ideas was in favor of tho free uf.o of the fragrant weed. Tho question aa to how much the world it indebted lo smoking tvaa referred to. It begot real kindliness between the various clawes of society. It was a democratic leveler, and was conducivoof the utmost equality. Mr. BniJey then concluded by a higbly humorous sketch of the various uses to which tobacco was beneGciai, and not, as supposed by some, injurious. The lecturer brought his address to conclusion amid considerable applauso. A Little Story.?A young man in this city has been in the habit visiting the resit dence of a widow lady, who, ? "Liko Jeplitlia, Judge of b>raol, Had a daughter passing fair.'' I The young man was assiduous in his at-| tontions, and was a constant visitor. This notice awoke in the youtig lady's heart tho tender passions, and in her dreams she imagined sho should become l)no wife of her Adonis. Matters kept on in tbo same old way. The young man eontinued bis attentions, and people" began to wiaper among themselves, "A match sure!"' while knowing ones, with a solemn toss of the head, would remark, 11 what did I tell you?"? The young man went to his supposed charmer's house the other evening for the purpose of taking tea. During the meal, the mother asked, "When are y&u and?to he marriod?" The young man leaned back in his chair and coolly remarked that ho had no idea of marrying anybody, and that be arid her daughter were nothing but friends. 11% said he supposed she understood it so all the timo. Tho young lady 11 _ _ A 1 1 ? saiu 1101 a woru, uui rose up, seized tha toapot, which she filled with hot tea, took ." '4^fhrtAirfcb | "let me tell you facia are atubloru tbingp." S tbew|y(. i Kg i41frb*t ? fact too roust be.M , .:<* ;? m jSHHSB |U| SH KH H