Camden gazette. (Camden, S.C.) 1816-1818, November 21, 1816, Image 2
F(jH THK C /I M V hi N CJZLsTr.
j?. 1JK I E V ACCOUNT
Of the general a^i/icarsnce oJ South- C a rg
X l s a , and i:s climate, connected wi:h ob'
^ Mervationa ufion the manner & of iTs inhabit *
ants , and ihc influence of climate u^i>n
/Aem^ by -thk fcoi rou.
The following notes are the result of
r observations made during the fall and win
1. Winds during fair weather prevail
from the north west, throughout the win
ter solstice. They are observed to veer
round until thev flow in from the south east.
This is always precursorv of a change in
weather, for if they continue either from
the north east or south cast, they are al
- >fays productive of misty weather, when
fi'om the first mentioned quarter ? and
. ratn if from the latter.
x. ftou'ii e isttiiv winds have most com
monlv for their attendants clnud.*? which
continue accumulating until they are re
~ turned bv a north or north western wind,
when ihey are deposited in the form ot rain,
unless this has proceeded that event.
3. South or south westerly winds some
titite* produce rain, hut they do not prevail
generally during this 51 ate of weather, it
should he observed that these remark* are
particularly applicable to the winter season.
4. During this season I observe that we
never have fair Weather Ion tr than seven
ty-four hours after the shifting of the wind
from the north west, to any other quaiter ; ,
and frequently not more than twenty four. 1
Tills observation will not bold good every
year but approximates the truth more than 1
any other general one.
5. There is always a change of .temper- '
a(ure? with the shifting of wind. That
which rushes in from the north or north
w#bt,' is generally cold and dry ; but when j
unpleasant in consequence ol predominant
humidity* The cause is rbvi us; its
conducting power is increased \vh ch de
prived us of animal heat. 1 depression of
spjrits and hypochondria follow.
6. South easterly winds are generally
warm, & hifjh'y charged with vapour, parti
cularly during summer and autumn.
7. South westerly winds in those seasons
bring with them clouds, highly changed
with electi icity. These are the winds
which render jus so sensible of the least <!e
cyement in temperature.
From iht? foregoing observaons let in
dcduce a few corollaries explanatory of
atmospher'^ phenomina. It is aptineiple
I believe universally admitted, that air rn
rified by equatorial heat is displaced by
the more dense and ponderous air of co d
er? regions. This displacement consti
tute* the trade winds and is an impulse
which has given birth to tl*at general cir
culation, which renders the globe habita
ble by animals whose existanre, depends
Upon a pure state of the atmosphere
This draught of air appears to arise near
the coast of Africa, and seems to acquire
additional force nnd velocity in its passage
across the atlantic to the Caspian Sea, here
meeting with the West- Indies, it is thrown
into commotion, ami in its course through
the gtvlpH of Mexico to the continent of
America is compelled to assume different
directions by those stupendous bulwaik* of
nature* which constitute the sp ue of the
continent. Here it is reflected n various
directions, but one of ihe currents which
arrives here pursues its course alnnt* those
mountains, and is there reflected directly
across that part of the continent which is
between the gulph of Mexico and South
Carolina, continuing on until displaced bv
a more forcible current from the opposite
quarter : This constitutes the south west
wind, and is highly charged with moisture
Vn its passage "over those immense bodies
of water. When met bv a north or north
"westerly wind, this humidity is converted
into vapour which afterwards falls in the
form of rain, mi*) or dew. The other
current when met by a colder wind, is driv
en immediately back or reflet ted obliquely
an\ots, constituting the north west. This
in sufamer is almost invariablv productive ]
of rain, and in winter, as I have already
stated, is the coldest wind that we have.
The variableness of climate within the
vicinity of the equator then appears to arise
from that contiguity, and is explicable tip
1 On no o her principles than the following :
1st. If a n>nh easterly wind prevails
twenty- four hours, it brings with it heat
and moisture ; a contrary wind meets it,
converts its moisture into vapour, and thus
produces rain and cold.
2d. If a north westerly wind prevails,
it is because An east* south or southeast
ern is met by m we^U* north or fiorth west
ern, reflected as Shove, producing a very
sudden transition from heat to cold.
3d. If north, north east? or north west
erly winds prevail, it Is because they have
gained a passage to the equator, by forcing
opposite currents to assvfme a retrograde
motion or compose an upper fttratum*j. It
should be observed meanwhile. tkat*i(i|
noith easterly winds which arrive here ..are I
formed bjr air in its passage to the equator,
which meeting wilh the northern T*t:ch
luriner io ihe east, bccomcs rctlected r>^?l?
H'lely upon our comment. lis consequent
moisture is to be expiaiued, upon no q her
pi iuciples. than those which I have adopted
in developing ttic cau*>e oi. the production
of rain, by the north West in summer. It
is remarkable, however, that neither the
N. nor N. W. prodaces rain in the winter.
I hi arises probably from the moisture of
southern winds, being converted into snow j
in colder situations. I think 1 am fully
warranted in the conclusion, when we re
ih-ct, that snow is almost invariably pvoduc- j
ed by a north easterly wind, which arrives
lure very shortly alter meeting with a cold- j
er. Upon the same principle may be ex- j
plained, the production of snow from any
oilier curve nt of air. This I shall do by
stating.
.1. if contrary winds meet in any part of
Sou h-Caroiina, the co?c?er lobs the warmer
ttr m i he form of snow, rain or sleet, ac
cording to their difference of temperature
lak. s place*
if southern winds prevail with haih
rain, snow or sleet, it is because an upper
or under stratum prevails from an opp >sne
quarter, which robs the foimerof its heat ;
producing water in the above forrrs, I his
is fully exemplified, by an attention to the
wind and clouds at the same time, for we
frequently find the former making for one
pottrt, and the laiter for anothev. i am al
so of opinion, that those phenomina are
trecpn ntly the result of two currents of
air, wh.-se respective temperatures are dif
ferent* becoming intei mixed fiom the sud
den decent of a colder and more ponderous
stratum. Nothing can l>c move beautiful,
grand and sublime, than a contenfplation
of natures mysterious operations, about
the commencement of winter, between
the Blue Ridge, and Aleghany Mountains.
There every rrsmg lo a Soulh-CarolUmm is
strange, and magnificent. Those stupen
dous burieis, which intercept the view,
and obs u e our horizon, present to K
si^ht huge masses of stone, loty trees,
rugged ciifis, vust precipices, and an at
- uK>?-phere about their summits of the most
beautiful azure. In surveying their won
I vieis. he h ?>ks a I. tile fariher, and beholds
xi few scattering cloucN disgoigm^ tre? -
mendons showers ol snow, whilst all about
Uim is sunshine, calmness and serenity.
( To b c continued. J
li is and should be gratifying to every
American to know, that the conduct ol mc
agents olout ,;ovcinmciit attracts theuitwii
ttuu oiicl (iraise ol foreign nations; tt?is cer-.
ttffnly is one of the means by wiiicii notional
chaiacter i? elevated and honouicd. We
have pel u.iar satisfaction in instiling the,
following extract, us it favorably louche* the
repuiaiiou of one^uf our fvliow townsmen,
in wnosc ciurci we with otheis, feel a sin
cere interest.
We trust also that the compliment t >
our nation and goveimtnt, obviously ?n
teiided in the concluding sentence of the
subjoined article, will be justified by a re
solute and successful reclamation of Ame
rican property unlawfully siezed by the
Spaniards. ? ? Buliimore I'at .
From the Par in i{ JoU trial of commerce "
" 'i -pi >earsthat Mr. Hughes, who has
ho successfully luliiled his mi*sion to Lar
thugena, in obtaining the liberation of his
countrymen detuned by tlie Spaniards,
interested himself with the same success
lor some Etigli >hmen and Frenchmen who
weie m the same situation.
" We will not examine whether those
Englishmen were taken under American or
English colours; in either case the conduct
of me American commissioner deserves
praise, Notwithstanding the Spaniards
have refused to restore the cargoes and
vessels Hiczcd by theuu it remains to be
seen whether the Americans will quietly
snbm't to the confiscation. Whatever
may be the course of oilier powers, v>e
should be very much uur/irtsed ij I he slmeri
cans hucrijiced their dignity , and the rights <>J
their citizen *, to their deft rence fo' the bfian
ibh goverment" London blur.
LORD LXMOUTII.
Much censure has been bestowed on
this Englishman for stipulating wi||i the
Algerines that they should discharge all
Kurofh an Christian slaves. We smspect
this charge to be groundless, and that all
Christian slaves were stipulated for, ?^>ur
newspapers are too apt to take f?ct* f'?r
granted, upon very vague and
cient testimony. When .the h^;Hsh
government do a good act, let us ncknow*
ledge it .* we shall not fatigue ourselves in
i his employment.
Lord Exmouth-formerly Sir Edward
Pel lew, and is abtytlt^ls years of age.
i
petition is s igning *in New JeJ^ey,
praying the Legislature of that State to
instruct their Member* of Congress to
endeavour to induce Congress to establish
a colony on the cOaat of Africa, to recieve
from the U. the blacks in this country
who are free or may become free.
DOMESTIC.
hX I K ACT S ? from ihe Documents acc c m
fiaiiyinyr ihe Governor's Cotnmunjeuttcn.
Richmond, Match 4iht 1815.
Sir ? I have the honor. to enclose lo \ou |
a Hes? lution oi the Assembly of the s.ate I
of Virginia, instructing the Governor' U
the Commonwealth, earnestly and respect
fully.to submit to you, the importance of
effectually providing for the defence ot the
Chesapeake Bay * Your knowledge of the
Chesapeake country, its population, the
valne of its products, and us imporlav.ee
in a polit.cal and a commercial point < I
view, render it unnecessary and superflu
ous for me to tn'er into detail upon l?is
subject. It is equally well known to you*
that the produce of the extensive count iV
\ which is washed by this Bay and its ti lim
itary watj^rS, has no other outiet to the sea.
and thai thmin;h them must pats the pi>>.
ducts of other couniiies intended for our
consumption. The Chesapeake, too, af
fords a necessary and essential naval station
lor the public ships ol me I ntted States ;
without it, our squadrons m*v often have
to seek a at such a distance as may be
fatal to them The importance of th's
Bay as a link in ihe chain of inland com
munication fiom north to south, has, I am I
sure, attracted your notice, as well as the
communication that some of its tributarv
streams, (with the impiwemeti's contem
plated,) will afford with the western watt is.
Upon the political effects that will fiow
from thus combining the interests of so
many states, and the content that this
community of interests of those states
would form, it would he presumptuous in
me to say a word to you, whose life and
talents have been devoted to the formation
and strengthening the union of the slates
The entire loss ol our export trade during
the late war, and the cruel desolation of
the shores of the Bay and the rivers em p- l
tying into it, has forced this subject upon
i the attention of the people ol this state, in
an irresis abl* manner. For the people of
Virginia, I earnestly request that such
l. measures may be taken during peacv as I
! will exempt us from a renewal of the ca
| lamities and losses sustained during the
i late war. It is certainly most desirable I
[that the entrance into the Bav by hostile 1
I ships should he prevented, if practicable.
\V hether that can be done or not, can only
I be decided by en- meets and naval melt,
t if this should be deemed impossible.
L perm it me to suggest, that the pu&iuou
I lowest down the Bay thai affords a good
\ hd?hor, and admits ot easy access iron)
the sea, from the rivets, and the upper
L parts of the Bay, and is capable, (with
proper woiks) ot being defended, with the
L aid of such naval force and floating batie
r rtes as could be combined, would give great
> secuhtyjto commerce and^rt great mea
[ sure prevent the renewal of the prelaloty 1
war, from which we hate lately suffered
in the discharge of the duty assigned to
me, I should lll-represtnt the feelings of
the Genoral Assembly, if I did not give
you the strongest assurance that this ap- I
plication does not proceed from any doubt I
| of your disposition to provide for the de- I
fence of every part of the United States. I
bony yeanryrtevottorr To The public service, 1
has inspired the utmost confidence id your I
talents and patriotism. But it is under- I
stood that your exertions iu this way arc I
limited by the means at your disposal, and
it is hoped, that your lecommendalion will
induce the Congress ot the U. Slates, lo
put at your command adequated funds to I
enable you to provide for the effectual de- I
fence of the Chesapeake, and every oiher
part of America, that is vulnerable and I
I exposed. ^
1 have the honor to be, With ihe greatest
rcspeciedq^Mr, your humble servant^
j ? * NV.C. NICHOLAS. H
The I't enidcnt of the United Stages,
?JllK lie ply.
Washington) May 29;/r, 1816.
Iir ? I duly received your letter ol
March 4th, enclosing a Resolutions of Fe
bruary 2 id, by the General Assembly of
[ Virginia, and urging the importance of
Concurring fully in the views you have
presented of the extended interests which
are connected with the waters of the Bay,
and of ti e u j?e that can be made of them
by ah enemy powetful in its marine, as
evinced during the late, as well during the *
revolutionary war* it will l>e ntcesaary on
ly to stfcte the arrangements exist ing, and
contemplated with a view to the security of
that ex|K>t?ed and m>i>ortai>t portion of our |
counti).
In addition to the present woi^ts at Hal
timore, Annapolis, Warburton, and Nor
folk, it is proposed to fortify strongly Old
Point Comfort, so as to afford piotection
to vessels coming in and going out of the
Hay.
The enlargements or improvements to
be made in these works, and the further
additions which may be made to their num
ber will depend on professional examina
tions, and on the means wnich may be ap
propriated.
In the waters of the Bav; there are nt
tin* time two armed scl.oor.crs, iwu
I boats. and ciiy!ii ur ten barges only . The
r proportion r.flh e p fiMicTTTaYal f ? i ce to U-~
<i i i ( > i t c v 1 tor 1 1 ^ defence, must of course, b~
governed by occassious anil ( ;i cum*Uince>,
ar.rt tiy the exienr ol it\c peace establish
ment. Bui it ;s contemplated. thai one or
" two s'eam-fi ??ates, on he plan of that at
New-York, shall be s*.a;ioiied in lie Chesa
peake, as boons as lluy can be built wnh
the confidence and improvements which
^may he derived from tui ther expui l.ents
of t h art atFetuly built. .
.Viul it is decided that a' general survey of
the Bav and its waters^ with a View to
more t flVctual defence and security,' shall
made under ihe immediate direction of
the Navy-Board, and with the aid of a ca
pable l.neitKir,
I he v v- : 1 1 particulai ly exanvne into the
. practical). Vny of works which may com
mand the en'iance into the Bay, 'he ex*
"prdlencv" "of works at the l ankier K.atah,
which will deprive an enemy of the u>e
heretofore made of that |>osiiion, a?td will
evimyne and coinpaie the several places
ulmh m; y ck. m attention in selecting the
sta ion best adopted fur naval equipment,
and at the same time, most capable of
stlf-dt fence, and of repelling or cor.ujul
ing a ho tile martime force.
The C ommissioners of the Board, ac
companied by Captain Sinclair, and by
Colon cj Bnmford, will comiims imint:.
diate!> this important service. And us no
immediate danger is threatened to our
peace by a mar, time power, it is thought
better to devote whatever time may be ne
cessary for an effectual and satisfactory re
sult, than to incur the risk of error*,
which might involve unnecessary expense,
or a failure of the essential object.
Accept, sir, assurances of my esteem
and best respects.
JAMES MADISON.
Governor A ichUaa*
Washington, November 6.
ti e mission oi Mi. Pinkney to Nuple*
has excited considerable interest not only
in tlj.it citv, luit al*o in London if we may
hell eve the Brinish Journalists. But why
should the claim?* of our citizens for the
unlawful confiscation of their property tx
ette surprise* The prir.cipte of ^rectn
n'a'ion, upon which they are foundtd, is
fully sanctioned by the law of nations.
The English new*p;>peis tell us that" it it
not v-rv clear that their goverment ought
to interfere' in the case'* Ami why should ~
it interfere \ What plausible pretext could
Great-Britain invent fur countenancing the
Neapolitan monarch in 11 refusal of our
fair demands ? The people of every inde
pendent nation, whatever revolution? thef
may experience,, or however they iwiy
change their sovereigns, are responsible
for the unjust aits of their governors.
W ere the ? ule of the law otherwise, all that
a nation would have do to, in order to gel rid
of its domestic debts and its foreign obliga
tions, would be, by a liitie violence of exer
tion, to depose one sovereign and crown
another. This is a doctrine, however, that
savours too much of Algeritie logic to be
recognized by christian potentates. At all
events, England should be the last power
in Europe to suggest n single doubt as to
the leealiiy and propriety of the Ameri
can claims on the Neapolitan government ;
because England, at the head of the Al
UnT Powers, h** strained the principle of
public law, *1n th a respect, beyond the
p"int of veasonfby forcibly compelling
the French to-p&y the expence of wars
carried on for their own subjuga ;ion.
JS m mite -r- 1 'Vfc
From the very best a^oncy^
we hive derived the following fact!,
and pledge ourselves for th<ir truth:
Through an agent in this country,
certain highly respkptable merchants
have offered ro supply the Bank of
the United Stats with ten millions of
dollars in silver , at 4/. id, ifeerling
per dollar * the Bank U to pay for
the amount at any firiSe which may
be convenent to itself j until thU
paymentshall be made,it isannuallf
to allow five per cent, interest
London for the dollars ; and
the silver shall be delivered,
Bank is to make over in trust
persons furnishing it, an equiRP
mount of United States' six per
cent, stock, as security for the ul
timate payment for the specie.
These dollars are to be remitted at
the risk and evpence of the sellers,
to any port or ports in the United
States, which may be agreed upon,
between the waters of the Chesa
peake antTBoston, both inclusive ;
not less than one million of dollars
to be shipped at rhe same time, in
any one vessel. We understand the
Hank will probably accept the effer,