Camden gazette. (Camden, S.C.) 1816-1818, November 07, 1816, Image 1
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From Mies' Weekly Rcgis'er.
PROGRESS OF THE U. STAT I S IN
LITERATURE.
? Concluded.
r In 170 t, a college was erecred at
Savbrook, (Connect) which was '
afterwards called Yale College, in
iumor iifLgovernor ThonusJ^tv
(formerly governor in India,) on
account of his repeated acts of gen
erosity, to the institution. The
philosophical apparatus is thought
to be equal to any in this country,
and , the library Contains above
5?ooo volumes. It is attended by
a great nunmber of students, and
tn? funds are said to be large.
In 1746, a college was founded
at Ejizabe thtown, (New-Jtrr.-ey )
called Nassau-Hall. The next
year it was removed to New-Ark
and in i?57 to Princeton its pre
sent situation. In 1 802 it was~
burnt, but was immediately rebuilt
in a superior style. It has, we be
'he. best reputation of any
college in America, particularly for
classical learning, and polite litera
ture. The philosophical apparatus
is excellent and the libiary is be
coming respectable.
In 1753 was founded the college
of Philadelphia, through the influ
ence and efforts of Dr. Franklin.
The rapid extension of learning in
1 ennsylvania can easily be traced to
the impulse given to the public
mind by the discoveries and exer
tions of that valuable man It is
impossible to do justice here to the
zealous, unwearied assiduity with
whicly he devoted himself to the
' stablishment of usetul institutions '
-^-to the duty of awakening in the
conntry a taste for science, litera
KSi"? nartS* h '79' the
I hiladelphia college was placed un
? .erTr? 4rrangements, and entitled
the University of Pennsylvania. Its
rnedical school has been, for a lone
time incomparably the best in Ame
rica; but of late, on account of the
<lrath of doctor Rush and Barton,
and through the great reputation of ,
doctor Mitchell and some other
professors at New- York,? meat 1
numbers of students have been
drawn to tin nnivcrsiry there
The college of Columbia' in the
city of New- York was founded in
1 7 5 4 > a"d was called frig's Col
lege, until the time of the revolu
tion. ? Its chief distinction is the
valuable botanic garden that has I
lately been added to it, Jcs philo.
sophical apparatus is thought by
-ome to be the best in the' Unired
States. The college of Rhode-Is
land was chartered in 1764, but1
th? edifice was not erected until
1 770 This institution is not in a I
good condidon, as its funds are in
adequate, and the state itself is
wanting in regard to literary taste.
Having briery described the
principal colleges in the several
states, we shall just give the names
of as many of the remaining ones
as we can rind at present. Two
remain to be mentioned belonging
r? Massachusetts; Williams' CoU
lege in Williamstown, Berkshire,,
founded in 1793; and Bowdoin:
College at Brunswick in Maine,' j
founded in 1 94 ?Dartmr nth Col
lege in New Hampshire, was found
ed in 1769 Maryland contains
five, St Mary's College and Bald-7!
more College in the city of Balri
j more, St. John's at Annapolis,
founded in 1784, Washington Col
lege at Chestertowtv founded in r
*7^2, and Coke burv, or the Me
thodist College ar Abingdon, f jund
in 1785. Pennsylvania contain#
four, besides the University. Dick->
inson College, founded in 17$^ i
Franklin College, founded in r. 87 -9 j
Jefferson College, founded in iboi, j
and Washington College founded j
in 1802. South- Carouna has' Win 1
nesborough College, founded in
*794> a,)d Charleston, Cambridge
.and Beaufort Colleges, ail founded
about the same time The coileoe
of Charleston having been discon
tinued, Columbia College has been
institucd in its Head. In Virginia
there was a collrge established in
_?rince Edward county, about 774,
named Hampden Sydney College.
The Cathonc College at Cieorge
town, District Columbia, was found
ed in 1782; the University of
Georgia in 1 J85 ; the University of
North-Carolina at Chapel Hill, in
corporated in 1795 ? Greenville
College in Tennessee, in 1794,
Transylvania College in Lexington,
Ky. in 1 79^? Middlebury College
in Vermont in 1 8oo. A college
has existed at New-Orleans for a
long period, but we do not know
the date of its establishment. In
Loujsiana state there is great atten
tion paid to # education ; ? parish
schools, similar to those of Mas
sachusetts and Connecticut, being
supported from the state treasury ;
for each parish 4008 peranum are
appointed to maintain a teacher. A
similar arrangement has taken place
in Tenne^se, which at present has
two colleges and several academies.
We do not know the number of
colleges in Kentucky or Ohio, but
wc arc assured that learning is much
attended to there, and that upon the
whole, the new states have, for sev- j
eral years, shewn more zeal for its
encouragement than the old states
have lately done. In Pennsylvania
eat h has an academy, except fhose
that have colleges ; but the esta
blishment of township schools, en
joined by their constitution, and re
peatedly recommended by their
piesent governor, has, notwith
standing, been hitherto neglected.
The Lancastei ian schools, which
must fore- 0 new era in the history
of learning ail over the world, will
probably be a_d opted through the
United States in a shore time ; but
old systems (perhaps fortunately
i for mankind ) aie not easily abolish
I cd. There is one school conduted
upon Lancaster's plan at George
town; Columbia; oneirr
phia ; two in Baltimore; one in
| Cincinnati ; and one established in
Pittsburg, but we do iv t know whe
[ :her it has been continued; and an
edifice for one is erecting at Rich
mond. We do not at present re
j collect to have seen any notice of
I existence of any others, but
bciieve there is one in New-York.
> ^Xh^rrrxt mosr striking feature in
r tl# history of American literature
[ ' ^nis to be the progress of their
j. lkciary journals. Tne first news
paper printed in America was the
Boston News- Letter, esrablihed in
4^rii 1704, in the town of Boston,
bf one Mr Greene. The next w^
1, Boston 1 gazette, commenced in
*T2l> by J^rnes Franklin, brother
o t Benjamin Franklin 1 his \*a
t^i^o Boston 1 he first news
, paper pi inted in Penn>y vania wa
I he A me 1 1 can VVeekiv IVlercury,
Cotniiicijced in Dec. 1 y 1 ^ |)y ^
_ Biadsuiil. Xfic hr c in New- York
was the New- York Gazette, com
menced in Oct 1725, by Wm.
Bt afford. '1 he first 111 Rhode Is
land was the Rhode Lland Gazette,
, by James franklin, mentioned be
f re. l i.is wai jft i^j2. The
tii it in Connecticut was in 17 cc
by a Mr. Parker. -
Arter this the increase has been
extremely rapid : in 1771 the num
ber in die United States was twen
ty- hvc , in 1 bo 1 it amounted to one
nundred and eighty; and 18 10 it
1 ,ud m*. Teased to three hundred and
sixty- lour. lhe amount of the
newspapers at that period, in this
country and in England ; is to be
found in tne Register vol. I. p. 1 16
1 he 1 e does not appear to have
Been that progr essive attention paid
to literary societies which might
have been expected j we arc rather
disputed to buieve that tiio-e now
established are in comparative de
cline. J he first institution of this
kind in the United States, was the
American Philosophical society,
by the exertions of" Dr.
rranklin Dr. Bond, Mr Ewin-r,
Dr. Snmh, and Mr David Ritten
nouse, at Philadelphia in th; year
7+3' In 1766 another was esta
b.ished there, called the American
ciety ior the promotion ai d pro
pagating useiul knowledge in Phi -
lailciplna. In ,7^ b ^ wer(.
uni,ed and have since remained so
1 he American Academy of Arts
and Sciences, was establi-hed at
Boston in 17G0; and the Connec
' ticut Academy of Arts and Sciences
at New-Haven in 1799. The His
torical Socicty in Massachusetts,
was formed in 1791. There is al
so an historical society in New
York. Medical societies are very
numcrous? an^ the science of me
dicine appears to be better attended
to at present than it has been at any
former period in this country. A
few years ago there was instituted in
| Philadelphia, principally by the ex
ertions of Dr. Barton, a society for
the cultivation of natural history,
and entitled the Ljnnean Society1*!
and similar ones have been'ioi mcci
in orhcr places, but we understand
they have not been, even tokrably,
successful. In almost every state
is an Agricultural Socicty. Of
this class the chief ones are those in
Massachusetts, N. York, and Phi
ladelphia.
It may be well to tiake a brief view
of the American literati of early times
in order to shew the great compara
tive deficiency of the present period.
T owards the conclusion of the seven
teenth century we notice two Amer
ican vvriiers' Cotton Mather, author
of the Maghalia Americana, and Mr,
J. Blair, author of several sermons
in d religious tracts. Of the suc
ceeding period is Mr. Logan, the bot
anist, from Lungm in Ireland, gover
p.or of the Loganian library now con
tained in the city library of Phila
delphia, authox of the Experimtnta
c!-M*U?emata de Plantar-urn Genera
tion* , a desertation upon light, a
translation of Cicero de Senectute ,
&c. 1 he next of consequence was
Or. Benjamin Franklin, so well
'cnown as a politician, a philoso
pher and as the c* first in America
a ho cultivated an ea-^r, unaffected,
polished style j of writing" He
began hiscarecra^ a writer in 1732.
In 1752 he made his grand discov
eries in electricity, and since that
ha* had a ruore general reputation
dian any literary man of his coun
try, notwithstanding the high merit
of some of his rivals. The Rev.'
Mr. Jonathan Edward?, the theo
logian and metaphysician, was bora
about the same timfe with Franklin,
but died in 1758. His <c Inquiryin
to the Freedom of the human will,**
has, by European writers, been pro
nounced <c one of the gratest efforts
of the human mind." Dr. Berke
ley, the author of the Minute Phil
osopher, can hardly be numbered
among American authors, though
his generosity to the cause of litera
tuie during his residence here, gives
him a strong claim upon American
gratitude. Dr. Wm. Smith, for
merly president of the college of
Philadelphia, and who died in 1803,
was an able and voluminous writer*
Uffon divinity and different bran-*
ches o( science.
Di. S imut 1 Johnson, the first president
? ?f K n^'k college in New Yoik, is known
h* the author of u system ot lo^.c and
one of ethics ; and also of* a Hebrew
.? rammar , bin these have been sn^csed
ed by better works of ihe late \\ ue.
I liomas Cl formerly president of Yale
rollt^.. ? and John Winthrop, ate known
chiefly as profound scholar* t though the
Utter is sa?d to h?ive written an excellent
w<?rk l)e Cometis. Dr* Moultrie *vas the
? ithor of a work De l*\b e Flava ; and
Dr. I tinning, in the year 1753, published
a History of the Yellow Fever. Dr. Chal
mers wrote oti the Weather and Di&eascs
of South-Carolina. but his most valuable
work is an < ss.^y on fevi i s ??Mark t ateshy
was a learned bontauisi of t tie same ixrriod 1
He explored a vrreat portion of the Atlan
tic states, the Florida*, Sec. and published
the Natural History of Caiolina, Florid?
and the llahama Islands. Governor Cold
en, of New York, was at that lime, a de
voted botanist, and a writer on medicine,
bo; any and hisioiy. Hut he who of that
a^e stood next to Linneus himself ; and 1
whom that incomparable naturalist pro
nounced ?? the greatest natural botanist in
the world/' was Mr. John Uartiam, boru
in Chester county. Pennsylvania, 1701.
Dr. John M i tctfdl, of Virginia* wrote on
a variety of subjects natural philosophy,
natural history, history, polities, husban
dly, &c. He was a native of Kngland.
Dr. Clayton, who w,i?? born in Virginia,
wrote several winks, about the same time,