University of South Carolina Libraries
ON GAS LIUU TS . apfttttatian of coat ea* to the fturfkom of iUumination. By W il L1AM TlQMAS BlAWPK, A-i??Jf L. and E. Prof . Chan. H. /. fcfc. [From the Journal of Scienct and Am.] The employment of the gaSses evolved during the destructive^is t illation of common coal foe the illuminaiion^of -streets and houses, j is a subject of such intrinsic and increasing importance,, as to render stmVe account of jits progress and improvement, ^aTpfoper subject ofj discussion in this Journal. a permanently clastic and infl We ? tenfurpr fluid, seems first to nave oeen ex by the Rev, ^account nouvcry lar published inilie : Philbsophical Transactions tor the year 1739. The following is an , extract from his gaper :-' *-'? v'' ? > r " T^ some coal, and distilled1 ? in a retort in an ?pent fire. At ? there came over only phlegm, afterwardsablsck ?/,?nd thenlike ? 1 " irit arose, which I could ? grasses it had forces! my lute, com lose therto, in order to try to r it, I observed that the spirit andcontjinued'j i alternately, for thenhad a tnind to could not K of aifj .to the pipe of '"^ottandp|F^ ?r&r bUj in ?***. f^Wd, ?<ttund to * or friends, I have orte of these blad ft r jdo one coula discern anj/iltJTCrtrtcc 1. in th<f^if?p??rence b*we?ftf thele 1 ) laddfcrs, and Ihose whieh Art filled with tpmmon air. " Wut then 1 found th^t this spi rit mutt Wkept in good thick blad ders, those of an ft* or the like } for if 1 filled calves bladders therewith, it would lose its flam ina bility in. twenty ?fbur hours, though (he bladders became not nlaied A fl#iii v "j >JsRv , i^s? , ^ But the application of the gas thus geflf rated' to the 'purposes of economical illumirtation, is Of much more .recent date, and thejnerit of introducing it is principally due to Tvfj. Murdock* whose observations' upoft the subject are published kl the Philosophical Transactions for ? 1808. He first tried it in Corn- | wall, in the year 1792 ; and aftera wards in 179! tstabitshcd an appall '^onotrtv ci ratus updn a more extended scale at Boulton and Watts* foundry, at Birmingham ; and it waa 4 therejthat the first pubficdupla^ bT^ai ligl was made in i$02, upon the Occa sion of the rejoicings for peace. These, however^ wtrc butimpcr- ] feet trials, whenxompartd wicH^hat made in 1805, at Messrs, Philip and Lee's cotton mills ac Manches-.j ?fr ;"and upon^he fesutessf whSffi^ all subsequent procedures, with re gard to gas lighting, may be said I to beJbunded. The whole cotton 1 mill, with many adjacent buildings, were ulumuiatca with coal gas to the exclusion of lamps, candles, and other sources of artificial light. Nearly a thousand burners of dif ferent froms were employed; and ' the light produced Was estimated cqudtt thatof ajoowell managed candles bt syt to the pound. j The., most important ai)d curious part of Mr. Mutdock's statement wlfttes mthe cost of the two modes of lighting (namely, by gas *if9 candles,) per annum. The cost of c?| used^o furnish - the gas, a I mounting generally to no tons, was 1251. Forty tons of coat to iheat the retort, ^ )ol. and the interest ' ? ' SBfi 4F* ? ? J /ar-> i ^ T"'|t W Wff for accidents and rcpaitt, '"FriMpn the joint amount ot thete Ucms,nHW be deducted the Value ^ t coke, at is. 4d. per cwt. amounting to 931. which ftK A?.es the? total annual expense to Si of w the. same light, would amount td 30Q Mpr such was fatoZ* ^ i! fotmed by Mr. Murdock, that the ipftoess fife clearness lot vor With the work people; and it bet^Lfree from7 the inconvenience of sparks, and the frequent neces sity of snuffing, are circumstances of material importance, as tendiaa nonijurej co ; .^icncotioi* mills are so i&uche*-< posed. rr: , WW: ? y Nkthani* ^^^DOrChemtt i annuel Baker M. D Ipksun Gibon, tfcfe?,C<rffcge|pfi^ scribe that pupils thattj faavt attend ed two courts of Lectures, before they can be receivegas candidates, 1 for the degree of Midlcin* Doctor W but it it Hot required that -Hilt tit these courses should JUve been hi this School; nor that tach course ? should have embraced . all she Pro fessors. jjuajrail other similar in stitutions, the candidates are requir ed to write 4hd de^fnd a thesis j which may be printed or not* at , -tlyir own direction. The graduates ] Kijr twenty dollars for a Diploma, o fixed period is assigned for ths 'commencement, Which, however^ is i generally held early in Ap ttheP ? y ? Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb. Doctor Mitchell, qfNew-York, has received* letter fitm M. Gard, fr of titer of the Royal School of 'Deaf and Dumb* at Bordeaux , in whioh he Jpurpvses t? come to the United States, with the view of es tablishing a siri^ar institution here, tT if the American government, or benevolent individuals are disposed to favour'*' so desiriLble an object. M. Gard is himself deaf and Dumb, and is therefore an eminent exam ple4 of the benefits torbc dei iyed to society, from siich an establish ment* : He haatocen for eight* years * 9%w^*rinrtke school at which lie was ed&caftd ; we can have no dif ficulty, then, in IxlieviDg that he must have " acquired, by long ap plication, a perfect knowjedgc o ? ? T" ? ' O the most approved method of structing this unfortunate portion of society. " HUotter to come to. this country seems to have been in- ] duced by the purest and most be ne vofcpnt principles of humanity r | *v*3tty ;h?p?ihat| ample means may be provided, either by public munificence, or private conti ibution, to ensure to ottfc country the advantages ot his ?> v ? ? ? ? ? j_*f extraordinary acquirements. Declaration of, Independence. John Btnns, of Philadelphia, is preparing to publish a " spkndid edition" of this interesting publick document $ in the design and exe 1 ciirion of which he has engaged the I services of the first artist? jn Atne ricat^lhe%hble.?iH^ btonp-avti^ and pncjfcd onp paper manufactured forswiv purpose, by > Mr.. Amies, ; 3 feet by a; in siae. ? V Th t duign, which is from the pencil of Mr. i \Bridport, will be executed in imi ? ration o?Bas RitM^nd wifl en-1 cirde the declaration# a cordon of I tfVc afms large medallion portrait of General Gkorge Washington, supported b] Cornu Copite, and embellished wUl_ an* ot^er fbiii toUmblahs. On one side of' this medallion portrait, wiU be a similar portrait of John H/tneock, Congr?, Jul, 4th, ?pnfe otherik^oftrait^f: JH| >??Suth<^PB^^ claj$|on of Indepcnder.cc." i/i-jPrBim-'the liberal ^dj^'nsive,! arrangements of the publisher, ,'jimji.' wljich may boljxhibigd asa.p^Sud j r specimen^^of i?c**t ffcnius tmdja] I lading monumant of the virtue, , I wisdom, energy our fathers; it 1 1? "irVjn m BODY of fo?>4 High LAND imp tod Cfan* Creeks ; the Plaits ,-trm in po??es*ion of J?roc*WfBUIr, W?x?J orn gtw i InlMiWtiofpMttt tke|fp| wWtinjf to purchtM, ?ad will ? pftfpottals 0-4&' JFwtr ??> tat*. ??SSs^* V. +< i7W ?feh for c?ih m duce. npHE CJommistioners ofthe rotdi A for Kershaw District, inform *!1 per retailing Spirituous Liquors, without es, that unlets they immediately with the laws concerning them they will be pruteeded against. l-v, . .y By order of the Board*4 i J. W. LANG. July 1, 1816. 1+U9* BLANK: BONDS for Side at this Office. -it ? fieri JJ' Sale. q/1" im r.ici iii/un i y fi t ri honorable court */ equity, to me directed, xtnil be *o id before the court hot: arr in Cam den, on the first Monday aend Tuesday in September next , t oilFfin the legal hours of Sri r, . 200 Acres .of land, more or lesa, situate in the district of Lancaster* on the Wftnh jw creeks adjoining lands belong ing to Moses White, Mrs. Dun lap, and James M assay, levied on as the properly of Martha While, adm'x. of Joseph White, deceased, at the suit of Mary and Isabella White.? Conditions, cash in specie j pur chasers to pay for sheriffs titles*- - vv TRANC1S S. L.EE, Sheriff, K. D. Camden, Aug. 5. 1816. [ UT virtue of an order pf tbtbonor able court of camtHfm /ilea*, w U be told [ on theJbrH Monday and 7 uesday in Sefitem ber nejtit before Me court house in Camden> : 340 acres Jam! , more or less, i situate on the main road to Salisbury, 8 miles from Camde n 31 1 acres land^more or less, r tituate lying and being on Ganny's Quar* ter creek, sold tothe property of' William and Samuel Parfcer deceased, to effect a division amorrg^the heirs*? Conditions, six months credit will b?*giveiv Ibr One half purchase money, and is months for I the other half; purchasers, giving approv 1 ed security and a mortgage of the proper* ty, and paying for sheriff titles. PftAKClS S. LEE, SheriHyK. D. Camden, Aug. 7, 1816. STAVE OF S^TH-CAROLINA^ Buckn k. it Floyd, } Decoration V*. -ft in Gaowo Flotd. J Attachment. HEREAS the Plaintiff unhis Tr ^.r . action did: on the 30th March 181S, file his declaration in the office of the tjf this Honorable Court, against the Midantf who is absent from and without thejjiMtsof this <g%He, and hath neither wiFe nor attorney known within the same, upon whom * copy of the eaid declaration, * rult to plead thereto within a year and K day might be served ; It is therefore 1 ordered, k? pursuance of the Act of the Oenetmi Assembly hi that case made and nmirMMl j* J?* * ? - 1 U: , J provided that die Mid defendant do pear and plead to the said declaration, on aL - I /\ . 1 *.4 ? * ^ m. ? 1*1,7, otherwise be given t or before the 19 th final and absolute j_. and awarded agMsiftt ? r Jno. Ki'Mlyer, Clerk. Office of Ctwnmon Pleas, Darling-? ton District, March H. t#i6. Sj.s.d.t El -W Bi mm/KM BKlAL UVLLARD, _ feas. 1528^- ' v Ca*e in attachment. AtiiUafcia S#iAks, ?R|IH..,4n-thi*<ac HESfrt did OA the ?3th day or No- 1 vembcr, In the yfear of our l^ord one thou ****& eMtQUSBtSS fondant, who is ab it the limits of this neither wife nor attorney .f a >-4.'' T?->V J. ? olw,e, .no own neitner wite nor attorney known witKW the *?me, upon whom a copy of the ssid .fcd.rat.on, with a rule t fo plead thereto, wnhin a year and a day, :reto, Whin a rttirand s day* served. ordered in pursuance of ^^^^HP|nibly in that I r that the Defen ded to the said de tt Sixteenth day the year of our hundred and se IBBjEina absolute 9Hbf end awarded rFftcl ? ond/c. c. it d. 1816a Wtt ? MlfS, 4 iJaJlarf sn Edition to their have now on hand a ^ iasortmeitt of ???oods, 7 j eafe at very redutcd f'wiB Printing. of mar ducsiptiow, aatcuTin with MX ATWSSS AND accuracy ay Til orrtc.K, or tui CAMDKK OAZKTTP-; Where may he had BLANKS FOR LAWYERS, MAoitTUATE^, saciurrs, kc.