: U
-J
VOLUxME XV.
^ *?^???d? ??
or. F. T O W N E S ,
EDITOR.
J. 0. BAILEY, Fro'r. and Associate Editor.
Subscription Two Dollnra per annum.
Advrktihemkhts inserted at the rates of
one dollar per square of twelte Minion lines
(this sised type) or less for the first insertion,
fifty cents each for the second and third insertions,
and twenty-lire cents for subsequent
insertions. Yearly contracts will be made.
All advertisements must hare the number
of insertions market'* on them, or thev will bo
inserted till ordered out, a2d charged for.
ffnleM ordered otherwise, Advertisements
vrill invariably bo " displayed."
Obituary notices, and all matters biurinif to
to the benefit of spy one, are regarded as
Advertisements. ^
Xeuage of Ooy. E. X. 8cott'f Governor
of South CarolinaTo
the Generat Aeeembty'Firet Seteion, Held
at the City of Columbia, July 0, 1868.
[Concfai/crf From Latl lfetM -
. ... 1. ... *9tttcvt.rrnB.
The copcehtruftoff labor and capital npon
one product, and tli.it, too extremely liable to
the varying haaonl" ot tlie seasons and the
worm, bas retarded tbo agricultural prosperity
of South Carolina, and of tbo entire 6outh.
Tbo true safety of tho fanner lies In thorcultivation
of several product^, so tbut altbptigh
the season may bo unpropitious for one; he
tnsy preserve tho other. He should not'imitate
the unwise merchant, who embarks bis
all, though uninsured, in a single ship.
Tbo impolicy of couceutraling so lsrge a
bortjtffl of ldbor Upon cotton, instead of dividing
It anting fuixed cfopS of com. itbeat, potatoes,
to., und the products of tho dairy,- is
best illustrated by tho following facts, dfa^-n
fn>m the census of 18<30, and tho report of tho
United States Commissioner of Agriculture for
Ifflth The cotton crop of Georgia, tho em?
hire State of tho South, in 18G0, was 701,840
bales, yielding little moro than thirty millions
($*0,000,000) of dollars; wbilo tho butter of
New York in tSfiS, one of soveral products of
the dairy, was estimated at sixty millions
<800,000.000) ot dollars. Y'ct the census gives
to New York but 470,014 farmers and form
laborers, and to Georgia, including wbito farmers
and farm laborers, and only the male of
the slaves, 310,478 persons engaged in agriculture.
Should tue fcmnle slaves bo included,
Georgia would hare actually had a larger number
of farm laborers than the Stato of Now
York. Besides tbo other dairy products; milk
aud cbecso. and the multitude of smaller products,
of the farm, the principal crops make
in valuo an astounding aggregate. Thus in
1804, tho corn crop of New York was cstima.
tod at *38,000,000, the wheat at $2S,000,000,
tbo oat* at *30,000,000, potatoes at $10,000,f)00,
and hay at $00,000,000. Including the
minor cereals, the products of orchards nnd
uardons, the uroduetion of beef and mutton
from pasturage, aud a groat variety of miscellaneous
products, the currency valuo of tho
agricultural productions of this ono State, in
r the year, was far greater than tho money retarns
of any cotton crop ever produced in this
Country; and tho gold valuo of such products
trould be greater than the gold valuo of half
the ootton crop of 1800, the largest ever made
in the United States.
The grand results are not duo to any superiority
of soil or elimata, abovo our own, but
fo a properly directed and diversified system
of labor and to superior agricultural implements
and farm economy. The aggregate product
of varied agricultural labors must alfrays
exceed in value the vield of any one
staple, however vast and well organised may
be tho syatoni of labor applied to it, for tunrk?d
success in tho production of that one, will
esaen its price, by an undue increase of the
afrpuly oter the demand.
Tho introduction of improved implements
of husbandry is a matter of vital importance
to tho farming interests of the State. With
the aid of proper machinery and the proper
bee of fertilisers, our farmers will be euablcd
to cultivate a larger area of laud and to cultivate
it moro thoroughly than under tho former
system they cultivated a very limited amount.
The So eotfsidc fatbits becotno all tbo more
Imp. ti int in view of the fact, that in South
Carolina thero are fonr millions (4,000,000) ol
acres of land improved, while there are nearly
twelve millions (12,000,000) of acres miiimy>rural.
Tho rocont discovery of vast beds o{
bhosphutee of lirae on tbo banks of tho Ashley,
tear Charleston, will enable us to enricl
our worn out lands frith that most valuabU
leruiuor at a comparatively small cost. i.arg<
shipments of this fertiliser are now beta;
iiiado from Charleston to Northern ports, aim
which might be manufactured here, and sold
cheaply to enrich Ibo poor lands of our owi
Stat*
AunlCVl.TilHAL COLI-KC,S.
1 Invite your attention to Section 0, Articli
iO) of the Constitution, which directs the Gen
eral Assembly to provide for the establish men
of an Agricultural College, upon the basis so
forth iu an Act of Congress of July 2, 1862
providing for the endowment of Agricttitnra
Colleges in the several States. Tho Act pro
vides that each State and Territory shall re
ceive thirty thousand (30,000) acres of publi<
land scrip for each Senator and Represent*
live that it may have in Congress. Under it
provisions South Carolina will be entitled t<
eleven hundred and twenty-five pieces (1125
of 100 acres each, representing one hundroi
ml C.'^htv thousand (180,000) acres of publii
land, worth In the market at present about oni
dollar per acre, or one hundred and eight;
thousand ($180,000) dollars.
This scrip may bo located in any State o
Territory having public lands subject to sale
at one dollar and twenty-five cents ($1.25) pe
aero. Tho Act also provides that the mono;
ssrislng front the salo of such scrip " shall b
iuvested by the State iti public stocks, at no
less than five fft) per cent., interest, inu lh
Interest shall do appropriated for the eetab
U*b*e*Bt at lU least one Collego, where th
Uiiisi aMut Aill ha. without. Hrluilins sci
Jfntiflc end classical studios, or mtlttary tactiii
fo teach such branches a* are related to Agrl
culture and the Mechanic Arta."
I would also*inyUe your attention to lb
faneral act ot Congress of 1804 donating tiv
ondred thouaand (JMJMQ) acr~* of publl
)aod to each State aid of internal improve
ptenta. Other Stetea have, under the autborl
ty of Congreee, applied that donation to edti
national object*, and I ruggcat thai you mo
ntorialiae Congrefb to extend the aanie prirl
lege to this Bute.
statu aoanp or asnhcnltouu Attn rmiora
tio!?.
A celebrated statesman baa observed tha
" Agriculture feeda us j In a great measure I
clothes ua; without It we eould not have man
ufaeturea, and we should not have omnia roe
thsy will stand together, but they will atan
together like pillars, the largeet in the contr.
and that ie agriculture." Agriculture is in
deed the life of a nation, its very existence d?
pending upon the annual production of Its sol
In view of the vital importance of thia ant
jeet, and of the vast amount of arable land 1
'i.h.a Slate now lying wild and fallow, sr at be?
pO</t*y cultivated, I respectfully suggest th
passage of an aet creating a State Board c
Agriculture and Immigration, to oensiat of a
least three capable persona, one of Whom shout
|* a practical Chomtat.
Sun
REFLI
This Board should bo charged with the duty
of investigating and making known to the entire
country the agricultural resource* of the
State, and should bo required to make an annual
repjrt to the Legislature, embody the
result* of thuir labors, and r?>oommnnit soot.
improvement* as they may deem necessary iu
the system of cultivation now practiced among
oar people, and euch improved agricultural
machinery, as to tbein raay'seem rm>st proper,
together with the value ajid mode of rising fertilisers.
They ihould alao aot forth tho attractions
that our aoil and climate and mineral
resources ofTer to tho thrifty agriculturists,
mechanics and miners of our Northern Stntcs,
and to those of Europe. Tlicy ';huii)d also
present tables showing the cost of living, the
rates of wager, the number and ctaas of mechanics
needed in the several Counties, and
the p.":ce of land, and tbe terms upUn which
it can bo r< ""ted. Their report should be fur*
nished to the 'jfrC'lvt Unions of this country
and Europe.
This information, if pfopcrly distributed,
will, I feci assured, start a tide of emigration
that will flow into and greatly enrich the Stafo.
Tho Ocrinan nud French grapc-growcrs wiH
find in our upper tier of Counties a soil and
climate as gonial to the grape as their own I
vino-clad hills, being precisely on the same |
parallel of latitudo n* the great wine-making
district* of Spain and Portugal. Tho Swedd
and tho Dane will find ample scope and verge
for their talents for mining in our gold and
iron and Ic-ud regions, while even tbe Hollander,
may exercise his cunning in draining tho
tiinfsh lands of our low country, which bo may
got ulfffost for the asking. Our rivers, abounding
with uotde falls, are running to' waste,
when they should resound with tho bum of
thousands of busy spindles. These invite tbe
manufacturer of tbo North, who will find labor
among us abundant and choap, nud inay.
^ook ffotu his owu door upon fields wbilo with
the ttrifoh tbut supplies hi* mill.
ItAILnOAbs.
According to tbe eighth census of tho Uni- |
tod States, there were nine hundred nod eightyseven
(V87) miles of railroad in South Carolina
at the close of tho year 1800, built nt a
cosl of twetoty-'w" millions throe hundred and
eighty-five tbvusiud (f22,885,000) dollars.
It tan} be interesting to observe that tho
Charleston and Hamburg road was tbo first
passenger railway constructed in the United
Btntcs. It was commenced in tho Spring of
1820, and si* (fi) ratios were completed in that
your. It is a noteworthy faet, that before tbo
use of Jdtoniotive was established in Great
urilam, ur tucy were known in tlio United
%tes, the director* of this road determined,
ler tho .advice oi their engineer, Mr. Horatio
AHen, to make them exclusively the uiotive
poycr. The same gentleman, in the Winter'of
1829, made tho drawings of tbe first
American steam locomotive, called the " Jfe*!
Friend," which was planned by* Mr. E. I,.
Miller, of Charlerton. Upon tho Charleston
and Hamburg road was introduced in 1831,
for the first time on any railroad in tbe world,
the important arrangement of two four (4)
Wheeled tracks for locomotifet, and 16'ng p.W
scnger cars.
Tho facts hero stated afo designed to show
that the 8 ate has never been wanting in men
of tnocbanioul genias, wi'S the iWpacity to
achieve tbe greatest enterprises, if propofly
encouraged. South Carolina, although the
first to initiate a railway system, has prosocuted
it to a very limited extent, eoiuparod
with the demands of her commorce and the
resources of her soil. Tho facilily with which
railroads can be built in this 8tat?, is evidenced
by the fact that tbe faftfoadf of South Carolina
have cost in their construction less per
mile than any of e<|ual length in tho United
States. I would reeommend tho fostering of
t theso great ana beneficent public enterprises
by tho Stale, so far as may bo consistent with
the proper maintonanco of other important
1 public interests. At the same time that ruill
road corporations Bhould bo generously, but
Judiciously, fostered, yet suitable laws should
! bo enacted to regulate ,<heif tariff of charges
, for freights and passengers, or otherwise they
may oppress all classes by Mioir excessive
rates, and check the trade and enterprise of
I the people.
Railroads are tho main arteries of commerce.
They stimulate production by bringing the
market within cosy reach of the producer.?
j They give an impetus to every branch of trade,
! while they promote nnity and good will among
r (treat populations, bv enahlinir them to eircu
iuto freely among each oilier. I would especially
recommend that tha Btato should furp
nlsh all the uid that it can expediently lor the
spoedy completion of the Blue Ridge Rail,
road. The importance of that road to the
, people of the State at large cannot Well be
s over-estimated. Starting at Anderson Court
, Houso as a prolongation of the Westerly
| branch of the Greenville and Columbia RailI
road, it will traverso portions of the Counties
, of Anderson and Pickens, and of the States
of Georgia, North Carolina and Tennessee,
having its Western terminus at Knoxville,
j whence it will have connections with Chattanooga
tho great fooal'poiut of Southwestern
t railroads. It will also connect at lanoxyille
I with roads running direct to Louisville, Kentucky,
and Cincinnati, Ohio. The entire
j length of the road will be 108 miles/ of which
^ 02 miles lie within tho limits of South Caro.
Una. Thirty-four (34) uiilos of this distance
e have been finished, and are now iu running
_ Order, from Andersou to Walbalta.
t " The Blue Ridge Railroad Company In
t) South Carolina " Was chartered by the Lcgisv
lature of this State in 1852; but untoward
j events, among tbctn tha alleged bad faith o(
e the first contractors, have prevented tho proe
secution of tho work upon it.
. The total amount thus f*t expended on the
road is three millions two hundred and fifty
r thousand dollars ($3,250,000) dollars. The
t additional amount rcquirod to complete it ii
^ stated by the President of the road at three
millions five hundred tbonsand dollars ($3,
o 500,000.) This Increased estimate of oost pel
miio over mat portion aircauy c<>n?trm-ioa it
due to the heavy amount of tunnelling thai
will be required in getting through the Blue
Ridge. The State now own* atock in this road
to tho amount of one million three hundrod
and ten thousand dollars ($1,310,000.1
The present bonded debt of the Company it
stated at two hundred and thirty thousand
dollars ($230,000,) secured by a mortgage or
the road and its running stock. Mr. J. W
Harrison, President of tho Company states it
a recent report that bo has made of tho con.
dition aud prospects of the Blue Ridge Rail*
road Company that "all that is expected o!
. the State ie that she shall guarantee the bond*
|. of the Company for, say, three millions of dollars,
to be issued in such sums and at sueti
. times as tha progress of the work may require
And that tho 8tate shall provide for the payt
moot of the interest on tllb lion.Is while tht
It road is being built. Por example, tbo Comi.
pnny conld perhaps expend one million of del
lars a year for three years, in which time tht
,j road can be coenplotcd. The State would provido
for interest on $1,000,000:
i- First year, $70,001
i- Second year.. 140,00(
k Third year 210.001
- $120,001
n So that by an expenditure of four hundred
it and twenty thousand dollars, to be raised l>\
e taxation in three yeara, this grenl rnterprist
if would be secured. The Blate would have am
it pie security for ber guaranty. A first mort
d gage on tbe road thus eligibly loeated, costinf
$7,.>00,out), with a debt of ouly three millious.'
S
I
*
+
GX OI? TX
GREENVlLLEi SOU'
la viow of tho grant commercial imporMfoeo
of tho Blue ItU1 go Railroad to all sections of
tho Htntc, and or the largo amount of It* slock
that tho State already holds, I recommend
that your honorable bodios will tnke into your
earnest consideration tho expediency of furnishing
the company snch timely aid as Will
socflro its Specify completion.
The Bluo Rid-go Railroad when coMpfstcrf
will give u? a direct connection, npon the
shortest Ihte^ with fhc great Wost, vlltta all its
inexhaustible supplies of pork, beef, corn and
wheat, and will thus cheapen many of the noccrsarios
of life to our people, and at the
tame time furnish a valuable outlet for our
own products. The city o| Charleston 1st ho
nearest of all the Atlwnrie ports to tho great
States of tho West, and hy the construction of
this road tho wealth of that imperial region
will be ponred iuto her lap.
She niny then cast oil hor widow's weeds,
and become again tko " Queen City of tbo
8outh."
I will hereafter submit for tho cofirhtefhtion
of tho General Assembly u pfwnr of State a
for this road, dillering aomowfint froth fhtft ret
forth by its President, based upon tho proposals
of the most competent railroad men.
STATE flfoCSE.
I Invito youf ftttontlon to *he condition of
the State House, and as the Stafo is at prcscty*
, too peor to complete it in accordance rtith its
.original design, I recommend tbnt it shall be
repaired ond fitted up so far as to make it
tenantahle for the General Assembly nod the
Executive Department of the Slate. Tho
work should be cxocuted in such a substantial
and proper manner, that it may be made availaBle
on the flnnl completion of the building.
For this purpose, I recommend that thp General
Assembly will authorise tjio Executive to
advertise for proposal*, with plans and specifications
from architects and builders, to he
rtransmitted by him to the General Assembly
'fur i(p action during tbo present session.
rKM'.ENTtAttY AND JAILS.
I invite your attention to the condition of
the Penitentiary Building, and recommend
the completion of the same ae conn o* the
finance* of the State will warrant the r?qui
file outlay. Under proper regulations and
judicious management, this institution may
not only he rendered self-supportiug, hut
may become a source of revenue to the
Slate.
I wonld also recommend that you will
provide by law for a thorough and regular
inspection of prisons throughout the Slate.
I am satisfied tuata great sanitary reform is
needed, as their present condition makes
them the means of physical punishment in
off oders, who are confined wilhin their,
wslls t>r even a hrtef period. The true de
Sign of, imprisonment should tie father to
reform than tojruuish.
asylums and alms nouses.
The calamities of war have added largely
to lhe_ number of ih<j?c whb niuft .depend
ujw?n the.public for the support and aes stance
(Iiitt that unfortunate condition demands.
I therefore rechminend thai you
will extern! your foetering car.- to the. Asylum*
and Alma Mouses of the State, and
that they may b?-fouudVd and ndfitinieterrd
on a broad and literal Lusia worthy of a
Cluistiao people.
1 uk kbeedmkx's buck a 6.
The aasistsncft rendered by the Bureau of
Refugees and freemen to the people of
this Stat*, has been most timely and valua
tie. While it h sa cared for large nnnibers
of destitute |K>or, who from physical infirmity
or otherwise w*re unaide to labor, it '
has at the same lime made judicious nd
vances of provisions to our planters,secured
hv liena upon their crops, without which
advances, thousands of laborers, now use.
fully employed, Would be necessarily Idle,
End thousands of acres of land, no* bearing
abundant oropa would be lying untitled.?
It has not 'only been the chief organiser of
labor in the State, during the past two
years and a half, by supervising tne execution
of equitable contracts between employ
r.rw HUM WM1 rni|iiuyout cniurcn'^ me riKlltS
of both, hut it hs* inaugurated and sustain
ed a wide spread system of chmib, flint
have been open to nil without distinction
of race or oolor. As, however, the civil
functions of the Stst.i are being rapidly resumed,
I have informed Major General O.
0. Howard, Commissioner of the BuT>au,
that it may lie dispensed with aa an institu
tion in this State, immediately after the
civil officers shall have been elected in tb?
State, and shall enter upon the du'ies of
their respective offleea.. The several Justices
of the Pence can discharge the dntie#
that are now performed by agenta of the
Bureau. 1 have, however, requested that
our people may continue to receive the
benefit of the School Fund of the Buteau as
long as the enme is disbursed in the several
Southern States for the benefit of the poor.
Til a LATK ASSASSINATIONS IN HKRSllAW COUNTY.
I h*ve lesrned with profound sorrow of
the recent tntirder, at. his residents in Kershaw
County, of the Hon. 8. G. W. Dill, n
member of tbe Constitutional Convention,
and a member elect of tbe State Senate.
Mr. Dill Wat assassinated while surrounded
by his lami'y, hy an atnted hand ot lawless
persona. Mr. Fraser, a private citizen, was
slsin by tliem at the same time, aud Mrs.
D;ll was seilotfely Wounded. The carue for
Iki. I.. I .1 .1 t. k... 2. t.
uiio iinniiMMip urru in urrnnuwn, Uiifc |? is
generally believed to have t ten political.?
The military authorities have been actively
investigating the mutter, and have arrested
and now hold in custody, several persons
charged with aiding in or having a guilty
knowledge of this great crime. I trust that
a rigid investigation will be made,and that
the guilty parties may soon be brought to
justice. It should be clearly understood by
all, that no man in thia State shall be sub
ject to violenoe because of Ms political faith
or utterances. The citizen Is smenutile on*
ly to the law, and I intend to enforee the
laws of the State for the protection of every
person within its limits, peaceably if I can,
forcibly if I must.
suspension or the writ or nabksh corvir
1 invite your attention to Section 24, Article
I, oi the Constitution, which declare*
that the power of suspending the laws, or
the execution of the laws, shall never be exercised
but by the General Assembly or by
authority derived therefrom; to be exercised
in such particular cases only as the
General Assembly shall expressly provide
for. While I am satisfied that there is no
organization in the State, having for itaob
ject, resistanoe to the laws and constituted
authorities, yet prudence would suggest
that the Geueral Assembly should authorize
the Governor to suapend the writ of hobeat
corpus " when in cases of rebellion or invasion
the pnbiio safety may require it," or
when from serious local disturbance, the
due course of law may be obstructed. I
would also recommend the passage of an
; act, providing that when a party ia charged
' with crime iu any County, and it should
.
yjpxjL^vit
ril CAROLINA. JULY 29.
r _ . i'"' ;
appear upon proper sworn testimony, Hint
justice will not be done the State upon the
trial of s.id party in the County wherein
I... -iV > . - L- ?
? nno n?? m'Bjf'i 10 n?ve ueen cominiile<i.
that then the Stale elmll be entitled
to n change ot ven?? to the nearest adjacent
Countv wherein justice can be done,
both tw ifre State arrd the accused. Jl
Miotrld aleo be provided that the Com ty
froth which such change o' venue is hud on
)>ehalf ol tl.e State elinll be required to pay
the whole costs of Ike Mine.
organization or tuk militia.
1 invite your attention to Article 13 of
ihe Constitution providing for the org mi
ration of the militia of the State, A well
regulated militia being nece-Vni * to the security
of a tree State, 1 trim that the Gen
cnl Assam Sly will take action upon this important
subject at an early day. 1 am assured
that the quota of arms to which the
State may be entitled, accoiding to the
number of her organised militia, will bo
promptly furnished by the War Deport
inent, (toon the transmission of the proper
requisition. I respectfully r> quest that the
Governor may be authorised to inikorequi
eition for one half of those arms, in the pattern
of Springfield ri&e, in getters! use in
the United Stales army, and for tfte other
half in the improved breech loading Spring
field rifle, now being a tered at the United
States Arsenals, from the new pattern of
muzsle loaders I suggest that the General
Assembly shall designute by law the d-posilorics
for tlinre arms.
As soon as the militia shall be orgnnized
and equipped, the milituly forces of the
Uuitcd States, now tu the State, putsuant
to the Reconstruction Acts of Cofigress, may
with propriety bo dispensed with. Although
that foree has been of great value in
extending needed protection to the people,
yet the continued pi??epce, of the military
is a reproach to a Krpuhlican Slate Our
government must rest, upon obedience to
law, and upon tliat^Vlling support that the
citizen should give jo the institutions thai
protect hit A. *
military ordtrs.
The several Military Commanders liuve
issued general and special orders during the
existence of the Provisional Government of
the State, which I recofntnend tlint you will
declare of binding force uutil repealed or
rt-nuereu inoperative u) act* ol llie Ueneral
Assembly. The orders referred to relate to
the collection of debt?, the stay of proceedings
in the Court* in certain ea*e?, nod the
relations of hiiiAlbrda and tenant*. Ac. It
will prevent grcKt disturbance and inconveBieuce
to inany of 6uf eiHion?, if tlie operation
of thoee orders is continued ufitil
they can be substituted by the necemary
laws Indeed, the Supreme Cotirt of the
\ United States It/is decided htciTe than ftiee
I that military orderi, issued pursuant to, an
Act ol Congress, for the government of any
domain, acquired by conquest; continue in
force per se as law until formally rep, nlcd
| hy the rcgulurly organised civil government.
'1 he decisions to which I refer, are found in*.
2ttlh Howard, page 270, enso of lutgone
LeilOnsdorfer and Joah Houghton, riuintifTs
in error versus James J. Webb; aod the
case of CiO?s vs. Harrison, 2lst Howard,
page 00 The former of these two cases
wns brought up hy writ ol error from, the
Supreme Cohrt of the Territory of New
M rxico, the latter came np by writ of error
from the Circuit Court of the United States
for the Southern Iiislrict of Now York, and
action wss brought to recover back dues
paid at the port of San Francisco, California,
upon the demand of an officer of the
army, who was acting as collector ol that
port under a military order. In both cases
the Supreme Court of the United Status
held that the executive authority ol the
United States properly established a Provisional
Government, whifch - ordained lawn
and instituted a judicial system ; all of
which continued in for^e dfftef the terrvrlnnHon
of the war, mid until modified hy the
direct legislation of Congrfcas, or by the
Territorial Government established hy its
Kuthofity.
Although the esse of Sorth Carolina is
not identlodl with thnt of New Mexico or
lite Territory of California, yet the same
principle of expediency, would appear to
be involved in all, and the same wise policy
requires the maintenance of many existing
military orders to bridge over the transition
period that must intervene between
me ct-Doniiun ui mo n.iuinry m>vcrr.m?*nt
and the enactment hy the General Assembly
ol the statutes necessary for the regular administration
of the State in its vurious departments.
g A LAMM OF STATIC OVKK KRS.
In view i f the impoverished condition of
the Treasury, and the neeeeeity for the most
rigid economy, in order to maintain the
cra-iit of the Slate, I recommend that the
sa laries of nil State officers shall he placed
at audi a figure as wilt secureto them only a
reasonable compensation for the discharge
of their several duties. In fixing these sal
aries. due allowance may properly he made
for the difference between the gold rale at
whieh they werA formerly paid and the
preasnt market valne of tits currency ; and
as the offices were created for (he benefit of
the public, and not for the emolument of
particular individuals, those who hold them
may well be content with a fair compensation
for the service that they may render to
the 8*ate.
1 further recommend that you provide hy
law for the appointment by the Governor
of a Pilvate Secretary, such a salary as
wl'l secure the necessary chrical skill ami
intelligence for the proper discharge of all
he duties of such office.
CONCLUSION.
Onr gratitude la due to the Giver of a))
good for l lie bright promises of an abundant
bar vest now visible throughout the .State ?
I'erinit me to express the hope that in all
vonr deliberations the spirit of liAroionv
and mutual forbearance, so necessary to the
dignity of a legisla'ive body, may be care
fully pr<served, and that our new Slate,
through your wisdom and prudence, may
inscribe upon tbe opening pages of its history,
a record unsullied by the petty warfare
of local interests, and that every member
ol your bony will bear in mind tliat be
owes not merely a duty to the particular
locality that he represents, bat that the
whole Stats of South Carolina now call*
upon hint for the unselfish service of his
head and heart. Let oa hope that the era
of good feeling may soon return to the enlire
people of the State, and that they will
soon regard themeolves not simply as the
inhabitants of an isolated section, but as
citizens of a great nation, whose shins may
float with safety upon every sea. an<! who e
flag is the respected symbol of power and
liberty in every land.
E'V^lvrTS
?
1868.
.? _c.
i trust, gentlemen, that the omniscient
Ruler of the Universe may sustain ami dis
reet you in the arduous duties that lie before
you, that all your net* may inure to
the Common good of our whole people.
ROBERT K. SCOTT,
Governor of South Carolina
ORIGINAL,. ^
For tho Southern Enterprise.
[As tho subject of mixed schools has
again been brought forward promiuently
by the /nesmgvs o| Ex Gov. Orr and GovScolt,
and will be one of the most important
and delicate questious the present Legislature
will have to deal with, it wdl not
be inuppropriute to publish the remarks of
B. O. Duiicmu. of Newberry, in Convention,
against the adoption of the 10th Section,
which contains lire very objeciionnble feature.
It will b3 seen thut Mr. Drtncnn'a
views correspond entirely wftli those of the
Ex Governor, and also with those of Gov.
Scott. It is alto known that some of the
most intelligent colored members of the
Convention who voted for this Section are
now strongly opposed to it, and advocate
separate schools.?Honors E.ntskprisc ]
Mr. Pret'aUxt?I regret exceedingly at
this late stage of our proceedings, to bo
compelled to delaiu tho Convention by n
prolonged discussion of any question. But
since the Commilloe on Eduualiou persists
in urging this section, 1 must beg your in.
diligence while 1 enter into a discu-siou of
the question somewhat on its merits.
The subject of Education is, uuder the
peculiar uoudition of our State, probably
the most important one we have had to
consider in this body. Its importance to
our people individually, and tia a whole
cannot be overlooked by any intelligent
man. Our success us "a 'party, und our sue
eeW as a people, depends entirely upon our
. being able to educute the masses of the pc >
pie. Of this, no one is more couvinced
llinn 1 nui, nuti no one U i?ot v? earnest in
live desire than I am, to see every innn wo
man, and child in our State educated, without
regard l? llio complexion of llieir skins
fu thia view ol the subject, I know that j
uiu sustained by the Intelligence, and 9irttie,
aud Chr'utiau feeling of the State. Where
thirc is opposition, it cotnea from prejudice
uiid ignoranee. Tho feeling of opposition
to the education of the Colored people was
strong at the close of the war, it ia true;
hut it ia now rapidly dy irtjj out among sensl
hie men ; indeed among educated Ohrieti*
ana it ia already entirely dcud. I need
only refer, as proof of thia assortion, to the
notion* of the Courcntictis, Conferences, ??o.of
lite different denomination* of the State.
T^e Baptist State Convention, which met
nt Anderson last August, unanimously
adopted resolutions introduced liy l)r. Furman.
President of Par mail University, warm
ly urging the education of the colored people
in Sunday Schools, and in every way
practicable ; and expressing regret that the
poverty of the denomination would not
allow it to false mora active step* The
resolution* prcnlJe that colored Theological
Students, or ministers applying for instruction
to the Southern Theological SJeminary,
at Greenville, shall receive such instruction*
of the Professor*. That Baptist Conrfntiolt
presided over liy Dr. Winkler,
of tbi* city, and was cotrfpoacJ of the iufellicence
and learning of tile denomination
throughout the Slate. Mensuns of u like
character have lam adopted hy similar
bodies in tlie Slate ; and all over the State
you find the intelligent, educated ftiinistrrs,
founding Sunday Schools for colored
children, and urging the necessity of their
euiicsuon. 1 on nun iu many ihcaiii.ms
strong objections, it ia true ; but it must lie
remembered tlist (be majority of our white
people are woefully Igmrant, and that
ninny of the religious teachers are not able
to r? ad the Bible correctly. My assertion
applies only to the intelligent, and there I
contend that 1 am right. The earnest detire
to educate all the people, is general
among them. Their prejudices have been
overcome by intelligence, uiul this ia the
only way prejudices cud be overootiie. And
I now lake the position, that the only way
the prejudices of race existing among our
people can be overcome, ia by educating
I Item. Let u? then not begin wrong in
this ail important matter. Let ue not begin
at the top of the hotiee to build downwards.
But let us lay the fonnda1 ion
aright, and we may build on it with confi
dence that all will eoiuC out right. Let ua
not begin where we ought to end. It we
begin by educating the masses, we end by
overcoming their prejudices. But if we
begin hy attempting to overcome their
prejudices by foice, and educating them aftei
Wards, i ant continced that the w hole
plan will resnlt in a failure.
Now, what is likely to t?e the result of
retaining this Section, and thereby opening
the public schools to ail t Simply, that
they would be attended only by the colored
children. If the attempt is made to enforce
a iriixture in this way, I have no idea that
filly white children in the Stale would a'
lend the public schools. The freedmen's
schools are now. If I mistake not, open to
all ; and yet I believe not one white pupil
in the Hlatcattendsf hem. Tite result would
i ,i.. ,i.. i,i. 1.1:. ..L l.
i)l' rxnoii) III? "mr wmi ?iui |iuuiiv ninuiiB,
This is a stale of affairs tlmt wo 'liould cer
tninlv desire to avoid. In tho first place,
the poor white children would he deprived
of any ehnnce of educntion. They would
continue ignorant, and degraded, and
prejudiced. The whites who have means,
would rend their chidren to private schools,
but the poor whites would bo as heretofore,
unable to do so. You would also have the
strange condition of affairs, of the whites
paying prohaidy nine tenths of the expenses
of institutions, which, by their organization,
they would regard themselves as shut out
from using. This would be a continual
barrier in the way of peaceable and friendly
relations existing between the two races all
over the country. It would, I bar, have n
most injurious cfT. ct on the ratification of
this Constitution, and go for towards counteracting
the go*id impressions mado l>y our
moderation ihue (sr.
i
1
rise,
w
I
u
"i-n, i*
NO. 10.
1 1
Again! in attempting to enforce mixed
echools, you bring trouble, quarreling, and
wrangling, into every neighborhood, nn<i
that too, among those who are not directlv
responsible to the luw, and who are more
likely to be governed hv prejudice and pension,
than by reason Tou come in contact
with the women and ch;ldren, who arc
more prejudiced and more difficult to control.
Suppose the ense that it were p- sei ,
ble to force the whites to send to mix-if
schools; and let a white hoy a- <1 >? u|uiv<\
boy have a little ".pass ot arms " s< would
continually occur, and at once you have a *
row oetween the mothers, which will frequently
involve the fathers. In this way
every neighborhood all over the State,
would be kept In ? continual e'ate of turmoil
and strife. In this way passion and
prejudice of race will be continually nur^
lured, and peace and quiet will not be allowed
to ptcvail in atiy poition ot the
country. Both races, the colored, as well
as the white, would have good ronton to
conipluih of our inconsiderate action iu
bringing about auch a state of affaire.
But the very shrewd members of the
committee contended a few days ago, while
debating the fourth section ol this artiole,'
that the question was not ' n compelling the
white and colored children to attend the
same schools. That was uot the idea at all;
of this remarkably competent committee,
as the gentleman ftom Darlington expresses'
it. I supposo they will to day insist that
the question is not on compulsion, hut on!
mixed sclioyla They thought yesterday we
On Id not s?-e forward, over five sections, to
the tenth, nod to day they will think wo
ennnot see backward the same distance.?
Wonderfully shrewd ruon these arc, I wilt
admit.
Gentlemen, this is too serious a question,
to tho poaco and welfare of the coudlry, lor
me not to apeak out plninly the danger* hefore
us. Tho gentleman front Darlington!
(Whitlemore) has paid the committee oni
Kducation a very high compliment for ability
; and yet 1 venture the assertion, that it
has Introduced tho report most fraught
with danger to the peace and harmony of
the State, and to tho friendly relations between
the two races. They attempt to
force tfpou Sontli Carolina measures even in
ndvunco of Massachusetts, though they
know that wo are, in every r- spect, at least
0110 hundred years behind that much favored
.State. They do not reflect that civilization
is a plant of slow growth ; that wc cun only
arrive at it gradually, and after long
years of toil. They strive lo talk lenrned1
Ty ?1 Prussia, ami only show their v. aut of
knowledge of fuels, by attempting to tiring
it) a cum so dissimilar. They (orgot that,
even in the time of the Cmsara, before tho
time of Christ, Germany wiis a comparatively
enlightened country, and has been in
the van of civilization ever siuce. And y*
the Prussians and Saxons, the most advanced
afnong the Germans, huve only arrived
at compulsory education within the last
twenty years. Th'e gent Ionian from Darl
lington even goes hack (I suppose I e
would call it going forwaid) to the old !>?
ciudemouian rule, and would take the children
from their parents, and educate th< til'
at the hands of the Siate. i tell you, gentlemen,
these extreme measures are fraught
with danger to the peace mid welfore of
' our countiy, aud should be defeated at all
hazards.
Now, how are we to avoid these dangers?
This d oes not seem to me so difficult. Let
us simply strike out this section and leavo
the whole matter to the Lcgi-lnture. If
llint body determines that the schools filiall
be mixed, and it is found after a yeaf or
two that the plan does not work well, It
can easily be changed f but if we retain
this section, no matter how injurious it may
be found ; no matter bow dangerous tu the
Welfare of the Country, end to ihe cause of
educttion, it cannot be removed. It does
seem to me that, we should lenvo a question
so untried, so delicate, and yet of such paramount
importance, where it may bo
changed, If it is found that the first experimeats
do not Work well. I believe we
have everything to gain and nothing to lose
by sneh a course. Wo would certainly
gain utnong the whites, and i beliiiva wo
would lose nothing among the colored ped*
pie. Our colored people want schools tof
-end their children to. That is a universal
desire, And certainly a most praiseworthy
one. But I do not believe lliey would prefer
or even desire to have white children
at'ending the same school* with their own.
If tlo-y can have well 01 ganir.cd sohools under
Competent and kind teachers, sustained
i>y the public, I believe they will he perfectly
satisfied.
Now, would it not be far better to havo'
schools entirely impartial in their organization,
tint separate, and all classes attending'
them, and acquiring an education, and everything
working harCuftniously together/
than (or us to introduce a nfrea^nre hero
that Would very likely prove injurfoito to'
the cause of education, hm which we could
not change, because it is in the C6ns(ilu-'
tion. It secin to me Ihero should be no'
doubt on this point among intelligent, reasonable
men. Certainly, if tfe look at tho
condition of the country, we will see the
n(-Cc?siiy Of adopting such measures as wil 1
secure the educaiion of Che white people,
as well as of the colored. It is estimated
that from twenty to thirty per cent, of the
grown up while men of South Carolina nio
nimble to read or write. I suppose at least
ninety per cent of the grown up colored
fiVen jre in that condition; and indeed, if
ten p. r cent, ot theiu have already learned
. to read and write, it speaks Wonderlully
well for them. We have then sixty per
cent, of the growD up men, the voters of
the Stale, unable to read or write. What M
contrast does this present, in Comparison
with a Northern State, whe 0 afrtocst every
man is educated 1 In Massachusetts, only
one grown man in two hundred and tift.v is
not able to read and writ?, and hero we
have at least sixty in the hundred who cannot
Now, if the general theory t>? true,
and all history provrs that it is, that only
nn educated people can preserve a free government,
our prospects are not very bright,
if we do not adopt the best and surest
means of educating the masses ns soon aa
possible. 1 mention these facts to show Iho
paiamount importance of doing nothing
that will injure the csum of education.?
The future welfare of our State, and of onr
people. individually and collectively, depends
upon o*:r success in this cause. ( do
most sincerely trust and entreat that (hi*
all-important question may receive the
calm and carc.lul consideration it merlta;
and that we will not adopt a seotion ho sure
lo injure the cause of education in our
Stale, as this moat ocrtainly would.