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: U -J VOLUxME XV. ^ *?^???d? ?? or. F. T O W N E S , EDITOR. J. 0. BAILEY, Fro'r. and Associate Editor. Subscription Two Dollnra per annum. Advrktihemkhts inserted at the rates of one dollar per square of twelte Minion lines (this sised type) or less for the first insertion, fifty cents each for the second and third insertions, and twenty-lire cents for subsequent insertions. Yearly contracts will be made. All advertisements must hare the number of insertions market'* on them, or thev will bo inserted till ordered out, a2d charged for. ffnleM ordered otherwise, Advertisements vrill invariably bo " displayed." Obituary notices, and all matters biurinif to to the benefit of spy one, are regarded as Advertisements. ^ Xeuage of Ooy. E. X. 8cott'f Governor of South CarolinaTo the Generat Aeeembty'Firet Seteion, Held at the City of Columbia, July 0, 1868. [Concfai/crf From Latl lfetM - . ... 1. ... *9tttcvt.rrnB. The copcehtruftoff labor and capital npon one product, and tli.it, too extremely liable to the varying haaonl" ot tlie seasons and the worm, bas retarded tbo agricultural prosperity of South Carolina, and of tbo entire 6outh. Tbo true safety of tho fanner lies In thorcultivation of several product^, so tbut altbptigh the season may bo unpropitious for one; he tnsy preserve tho other. He should not'imitate the unwise merchant, who embarks bis all, though uninsured, in a single ship. Tbo impolicy of couceutraling so lsrge a bortjtffl of ldbor Upon cotton, instead of dividing It anting fuixed cfopS of com. itbeat, potatoes, to., und the products of tho dairy,- is best illustrated by tho following facts, dfa^-n fn>m the census of 18<30, and tho report of tho United States Commissioner of Agriculture for Ifflth The cotton crop of Georgia, tho em? hire State of tho South, in 18G0, was 701,840 bales, yielding little moro than thirty millions ($*0,000,000) of dollars; wbilo tho butter of New York in tSfiS, one of soveral products of the dairy, was estimated at sixty millions <800,000.000) ot dollars. Y'ct the census gives to New York but 470,014 farmers and form laborers, and to Georgia, including wbito farmers and farm laborers, and only the male of the slaves, 310,478 persons engaged in agriculture. Should tue fcmnle slaves bo included, Georgia would hare actually had a larger number of farm laborers than the Stato of Now York. Besides tbo other dairy products; milk aud cbecso. and the multitude of smaller products, of the farm, the principal crops make in valuo an astounding aggregate. Thus in 1804, tho corn crop of New York was cstima. tod at *38,000,000, the wheat at $2S,000,000, tbo oat* at *30,000,000, potatoes at $10,000,f)00, and hay at $00,000,000. Including the minor cereals, the products of orchards nnd uardons, the uroduetion of beef and mutton from pasturage, aud a groat variety of miscellaneous products, the currency valuo of tho agricultural productions of this ono State, in r the year, was far greater than tho money retarns of any cotton crop ever produced in this Country; and tho gold valuo of such products trould be greater than the gold valuo of half the ootton crop of 1800, the largest ever made in the United States. The grand results are not duo to any superiority of soil or elimata, abovo our own, but fo a properly directed and diversified system of labor and to superior agricultural implements and farm economy. The aggregate product of varied agricultural labors must alfrays exceed in value the vield of any one staple, however vast and well organised may be tho syatoni of labor applied to it, for tunrk?d success in tho production of that one, will esaen its price, by an undue increase of the afrpuly oter the demand. Tho introduction of improved implements of husbandry is a matter of vital importance to tho farming interests of the State. With the aid of proper machinery and the proper bee of fertilisers, our farmers will be euablcd to cultivate a larger area of laud and to cultivate it moro thoroughly than under tho former system they cultivated a very limited amount. The So eotfsidc fatbits becotno all tbo more Imp. ti int in view of the fact, that in South Carolina thero are fonr millions (4,000,000) ol acres of land improved, while there are nearly twelve millions (12,000,000) of acres miiimy>rural. Tho rocont discovery of vast beds o{ bhosphutee of lirae on tbo banks of tho Ashley, tear Charleston, will enable us to enricl our worn out lands frith that most valuabU leruiuor at a comparatively small cost. i.arg< shipments of this fertiliser are now beta; iiiado from Charleston to Northern ports, aim which might be manufactured here, and sold cheaply to enrich Ibo poor lands of our owi Stat* AunlCVl.TilHAL COLI-KC,S. 1 Invite your attention to Section 0, Articli iO) of the Constitution, which directs the Gen eral Assembly to provide for the establish men of an Agricultural College, upon the basis so forth iu an Act of Congress of July 2, 1862 providing for the endowment of Agricttitnra Colleges in the several States. Tho Act pro vides that each State and Territory shall re ceive thirty thousand (30,000) acres of publi< land scrip for each Senator and Represent* live that it may have in Congress. Under it provisions South Carolina will be entitled t< eleven hundred and twenty-five pieces (1125 of 100 acres each, representing one hundroi ml C.'^htv thousand (180,000) acres of publii land, worth In the market at present about oni dollar per acre, or one hundred and eight; thousand ($180,000) dollars. This scrip may bo located in any State o Territory having public lands subject to sale at one dollar and twenty-five cents ($1.25) pe aero. Tho Act also provides that the mono; ssrislng front the salo of such scrip " shall b iuvested by the State iti public stocks, at no less than five fft) per cent., interest, inu lh Interest shall do appropriated for the eetab U*b*e*Bt at lU least one Collego, where th Uiiisi aMut Aill ha. without. Hrluilins sci Jfntiflc end classical studios, or mtlttary tactiii fo teach such branches a* are related to Agrl culture and the Mechanic Arta." I would also*inyUe your attention to lb faneral act ot Congress of 1804 donating tiv ondred thouaand (JMJMQ) acr~* of publl )aod to each State aid of internal improve ptenta. Other Stetea have, under the autborl ty of Congreee, applied that donation to edti national object*, and I ruggcat thai you mo ntorialiae Congrefb to extend the aanie prirl lege to this Bute. statu aoanp or asnhcnltouu Attn rmiora tio!?. A celebrated statesman baa observed tha " Agriculture feeda us j In a great measure I clothes ua; without It we eould not have man ufaeturea, and we should not have omnia roe thsy will stand together, but they will atan together like pillars, the largeet in the contr. and that ie agriculture." Agriculture is in deed the life of a nation, its very existence d? pending upon the annual production of Its sol In view of the vital importance of thia ant jeet, and of the vast amount of arable land 1 'i.h.a Slate now lying wild and fallow, sr at be? pO</t*y cultivated, I respectfully suggest th passage of an aet creating a State Board c Agriculture and Immigration, to oensiat of a least three capable persona, one of Whom shout |* a practical Chomtat. Sun REFLI This Board should bo charged with the duty of investigating and making known to the entire country the agricultural resource* of the State, and should bo required to make an annual repjrt to the Legislature, embody the result* of thuir labors, and r?>oommnnit soot. improvement* as they may deem necessary iu the system of cultivation now practiced among oar people, and euch improved agricultural machinery, as to tbein raay'seem rm>st proper, together with the value ajid mode of rising fertilisers. They ihould alao aot forth tho attractions that our aoil and climate and mineral resources ofTer to tho thrifty agriculturists, mechanics and miners of our Northern Stntcs, and to those of Europe. Tlicy ';huii)d also present tables showing the cost of living, the rates of wager, the number and ctaas of mechanics needed in the several Counties, and the p.":ce of land, and tbe terms upUn which it can bo r< ""ted. Their report should be fur* nished to the 'jfrC'lvt Unions of this country and Europe. This information, if pfopcrly distributed, will, I feci assured, start a tide of emigration that will flow into and greatly enrich the Stafo. Tho Ocrinan nud French grapc-growcrs wiH find in our upper tier of Counties a soil and climate as gonial to the grape as their own I vino-clad hills, being precisely on the same | parallel of latitudo n* the great wine-making district* of Spain and Portugal. Tho Swedd and tho Dane will find ample scope and verge for their talents for mining in our gold and iron and Ic-ud regions, while even tbe Hollander, may exercise his cunning in draining tho tiinfsh lands of our low country, which bo may got ulfffost for the asking. Our rivers, abounding with uotde falls, are running to' waste, when they should resound with tho bum of thousands of busy spindles. These invite tbe manufacturer of tbo North, who will find labor among us abundant and choap, nud inay. ^ook ffotu his owu door upon fields wbilo with the ttrifoh tbut supplies hi* mill. ItAILnOAbs. According to tbe eighth census of tho Uni- | tod States, there were nine hundred nod eightyseven (V87) miles of railroad in South Carolina at the close of tho year 1800, built nt a cosl of twetoty-'w" millions throe hundred and eighty-five tbvusiud (f22,885,000) dollars. It tan} be interesting to observe that tho Charleston and Hamburg road was tbo first passenger railway constructed in the United Btntcs. It was commenced in tho Spring of 1820, and si* (fi) ratios were completed in that your. It is a noteworthy faet, that before tbo use of Jdtoniotive was established in Great urilam, ur tucy were known in tlio United %tes, the director* of this road determined, ler tho .advice oi their engineer, Mr. Horatio AHen, to make them exclusively the uiotive poycr. The same gentleman, in the Winter'of 1829, made tho drawings of tbe first American steam locomotive, called the " Jfe*! Friend," which was planned by* Mr. E. I,. Miller, of Charlerton. Upon tho Charleston and Hamburg road was introduced in 1831, for the first time on any railroad in tbe world, the important arrangement of two four (4) Wheeled tracks for locomotifet, and 16'ng p.W scnger cars. Tho facts hero stated afo designed to show that the 8 ate has never been wanting in men of tnocbanioul genias, wi'S the iWpacity to achieve tbe greatest enterprises, if propofly encouraged. South Carolina, although the first to initiate a railway system, has prosocuted it to a very limited extent, eoiuparod with the demands of her commorce and the resources of her soil. Tho facilily with which railroads can be built in this 8tat?, is evidenced by the fact that tbe faftfoadf of South Carolina have cost in their construction less per mile than any of e<|ual length in tho United States. I would reeommend tho fostering of t theso great ana beneficent public enterprises by tho Stale, so far as may bo consistent with the proper maintonanco of other important 1 public interests. At the same time that ruill road corporations Bhould bo generously, but Judiciously, fostered, yet suitable laws should ! bo enacted to regulate ,<heif tariff of charges , for freights and passengers, or otherwise they may oppress all classes by Mioir excessive rates, and check the trade and enterprise of I the people. Railroads are tho main arteries of commerce. They stimulate production by bringing the market within cosy reach of the producer.? j They give an impetus to every branch of trade, ! while they promote nnity and good will among r (treat populations, bv enahlinir them to eircu iuto freely among each oilier. I would especially recommend that tha Btato should furp nlsh all the uid that it can expediently lor the spoedy completion of the Blue Ridge Rail, road. The importance of that road to the , people of the State at large cannot Well be s over-estimated. Starting at Anderson Court , Houso as a prolongation of the Westerly | branch of the Greenville and Columbia RailI road, it will traverso portions of the Counties , of Anderson and Pickens, and of the States of Georgia, North Carolina and Tennessee, having its Western terminus at Knoxville, j whence it will have connections with Chattanooga tho great fooal'poiut of Southwestern t railroads. It will also connect at lanoxyille I with roads running direct to Louisville, Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio. The entire j length of the road will be 108 miles/ of which ^ 02 miles lie within tho limits of South Caro. Una. Thirty-four (34) uiilos of this distance e have been finished, and are now iu running _ Order, from Andersou to Walbalta. t " The Blue Ridge Railroad Company In t) South Carolina " Was chartered by the Lcgisv lature of this State in 1852; but untoward j events, among tbctn tha alleged bad faith o( e the first contractors, have prevented tho proe secution of tho work upon it. . The total amount thus f*t expended on the road is three millions two hundred and fifty r thousand dollars ($3,250,000) dollars. The t additional amount rcquirod to complete it ii ^ stated by the President of the road at three millions five hundred tbonsand dollars ($3, o 500,000.) This Increased estimate of oost pel miio over mat portion aircauy c<>n?trm-ioa it due to the heavy amount of tunnelling thai will be required in getting through the Blue Ridge. The State now own* atock in this road to tho amount of one million three hundrod and ten thousand dollars ($1,310,000.1 The present bonded debt of the Company it stated at two hundred and thirty thousand dollars ($230,000,) secured by a mortgage or the road and its running stock. Mr. J. W Harrison, President of tho Company states it a recent report that bo has made of tho con. dition aud prospects of the Blue Ridge Rail* road Company that "all that is expected o! . the State ie that she shall guarantee the bond* |. of the Company for, say, three millions of dollars, to be issued in such sums and at sueti . times as tha progress of the work may require And that tho 8tate shall provide for the payt moot of the interest on tllb lion.Is while tht It road is being built. Por example, tbo Comi. pnny conld perhaps expend one million of del lars a year for three years, in which time tht ,j road can be coenplotcd. The State would provido for interest on $1,000,000: i- First year, $70,001 i- Second year.. 140,00( k Third year 210.001 - $120,001 n So that by an expenditure of four hundred it and twenty thousand dollars, to be raised l>\ e taxation in three yeara, this grenl rnterprist if would be secured. The Blate would have am it pie security for ber guaranty. A first mort d gage on tbe road thus eligibly loeated, costinf $7,.>00,out), with a debt of ouly three millious.' S I * + GX OI? TX GREENVlLLEi SOU' la viow of tho grant commercial imporMfoeo of tho Blue ItU1 go Railroad to all sections of tho Htntc, and or the largo amount of It* slock that tho State already holds, I recommend that your honorable bodios will tnke into your earnest consideration tho expediency of furnishing the company snch timely aid as Will socflro its Specify completion. The Bluo Rid-go Railroad when coMpfstcrf will give u? a direct connection, npon the shortest Ihte^ with fhc great Wost, vlltta all its inexhaustible supplies of pork, beef, corn and wheat, and will thus cheapen many of the noccrsarios of life to our people, and at the tame time furnish a valuable outlet for our own products. The city o| Charleston 1st ho nearest of all the Atlwnrie ports to tho great States of tho West, and hy the construction of this road tho wealth of that imperial region will be ponred iuto her lap. She niny then cast oil hor widow's weeds, and become again tko " Queen City of tbo 8outh." I will hereafter submit for tho cofirhtefhtion of tho General Assembly u pfwnr of State a for this road, dillering aomowfint froth fhtft ret forth by its President, based upon tho proposals of the most competent railroad men. STATE flfoCSE. I Invito youf ftttontlon to *he condition of the State House, and as the Stafo is at prcscty* , too peor to complete it in accordance rtith its .original design, I recommend tbnt it shall be repaired ond fitted up so far as to make it tenantahle for the General Assembly nod the Executive Department of the Slate. Tho work should be cxocuted in such a substantial and proper manner, that it may be made availaBle on the flnnl completion of the building. For this purpose, I recommend that thp General Assembly will authorise tjio Executive to advertise for proposal*, with plans and specifications from architects and builders, to he rtransmitted by him to the General Assembly 'fur i(p action during tbo present session. rKM'.ENTtAttY AND JAILS. I invite your attention to the condition of the Penitentiary Building, and recommend the completion of the same ae conn o* the finance* of the State will warrant the r?qui file outlay. Under proper regulations and judicious management, this institution may not only he rendered self-supportiug, hut may become a source of revenue to the Slate. I wonld also recommend that you will provide by law for a thorough and regular inspection of prisons throughout the Slate. I am satisfied tuata great sanitary reform is needed, as their present condition makes them the means of physical punishment in off oders, who are confined wilhin their, wslls t>r even a hrtef period. The true de Sign of, imprisonment should tie father to reform than tojruuish. asylums and alms nouses. The calamities of war have added largely to lhe_ number of ih<j?c whb niuft .depend ujw?n the.public for the support and aes stance (Iiitt that unfortunate condition demands. I therefore rechminend thai you will extern! your foetering car.- to the. Asylum* and Alma Mouses of the State, and that they may b?-fouudVd and ndfitinieterrd on a broad and literal Lusia worthy of a Cluistiao people. 1 uk kbeedmkx's buck a 6. The aasistsncft rendered by the Bureau of Refugees and freemen to the people of this Stat*, has been most timely and valua tie. While it h sa cared for large nnnibers of destitute |K>or, who from physical infirmity or otherwise w*re unaide to labor, it ' has at the same lime made judicious nd vances of provisions to our planters,secured hv liena upon their crops, without which advances, thousands of laborers, now use. fully employed, Would be necessarily Idle, End thousands of acres of land, no* bearing abundant oropa would be lying untitled.? It has not 'only been the chief organiser of labor in the State, during the past two years and a half, by supervising tne execution of equitable contracts between employ r.rw HUM WM1 rni|iiuyout cniurcn'^ me riKlltS of both, hut it hs* inaugurated and sustain ed a wide spread system of chmib, flint have been open to nil without distinction of race or oolor. As, however, the civil functions of the Stst.i are being rapidly resumed, I have informed Major General O. 0. Howard, Commissioner of the BuT>au, that it may lie dispensed with aa an institu tion in this State, immediately after the civil officers shall have been elected in tb? State, and shall enter upon the du'ies of their respective offleea.. The several Justices of the Pence can discharge the dntie# that are now performed by agenta of the Bureau. 1 have, however, requested that our people may continue to receive the benefit of the School Fund of the Buteau as long as the enme is disbursed in the several Southern States for the benefit of the poor. Til a LATK ASSASSINATIONS IN HKRSllAW COUNTY. I h*ve lesrned with profound sorrow of the recent tntirder, at. his residents in Kershaw County, of the Hon. 8. G. W. Dill, n member of tbe Constitutional Convention, and a member elect of tbe State Senate. Mr. Dill Wat assassinated while surrounded by his lami'y, hy an atnted hand ot lawless persona. Mr. Fraser, a private citizen, was slsin by tliem at the same time, aud Mrs. D;ll was seilotfely Wounded. The carue for Iki. I.. I .1 .1 t. k... 2. t. uiio iinniiMMip urru in urrnnuwn, Uiifc |? is generally believed to have t ten political.? The military authorities have been actively investigating the mutter, and have arrested and now hold in custody, several persons charged with aiding in or having a guilty knowledge of this great crime. I trust that a rigid investigation will be made,and that the guilty parties may soon be brought to justice. It should be clearly understood by all, that no man in thia State shall be sub ject to violenoe because of Ms political faith or utterances. The citizen Is smenutile on* ly to the law, and I intend to enforee the laws of the State for the protection of every person within its limits, peaceably if I can, forcibly if I must. suspension or the writ or nabksh corvir 1 invite your attention to Section 24, Article I, oi the Constitution, which declare* that the power of suspending the laws, or the execution of the laws, shall never be exercised but by the General Assembly or by authority derived therefrom; to be exercised in such particular cases only as the General Assembly shall expressly provide for. While I am satisfied that there is no organization in the State, having for itaob ject, resistanoe to the laws and constituted authorities, yet prudence would suggest that the Geueral Assembly should authorize the Governor to suapend the writ of hobeat corpus " when in cases of rebellion or invasion the pnbiio safety may require it," or when from serious local disturbance, the due course of law may be obstructed. I would also recommend the passage of an ; act, providing that when a party ia charged ' with crime iu any County, and it should . yjpxjL^vit ril CAROLINA. JULY 29. r _ . i'"' ; appear upon proper sworn testimony, Hint justice will not be done the State upon the trial of s.id party in the County wherein I... -iV > . - L- ? ? nno n?? m'Bjf'i 10 n?ve ueen cominiile<i. that then the Stale elmll be entitled to n change ot ven?? to the nearest adjacent Countv wherein justice can be done, both tw ifre State arrd the accused. Jl Miotrld aleo be provided that the Com ty froth which such change o' venue is hud on )>ehalf ol tl.e State elinll be required to pay the whole costs of Ike Mine. organization or tuk militia. 1 invite your attention to Article 13 of ihe Constitution providing for the org mi ration of the militia of the State, A well regulated militia being nece-Vni * to the security of a tree State, 1 trim that the Gen cnl Assam Sly will take action upon this important subject at an early day. 1 am assured that the quota of arms to which the State may be entitled, accoiding to the number of her organised militia, will bo promptly furnished by the War Deport inent, (toon the transmission of the proper requisition. I respectfully r> quest that the Governor may be authorised to inikorequi eition for one half of those arms, in the pattern of Springfield ri&e, in getters! use in the United Stales army, and for tfte other half in the improved breech loading Spring field rifle, now being a tered at the United States Arsenals, from the new pattern of muzsle loaders I suggest that the General Assembly shall designute by law the d-posilorics for tlinre arms. As soon as the militia shall be orgnnized and equipped, the milituly forces of the Uuitcd States, now tu the State, putsuant to the Reconstruction Acts of Cofigress, may with propriety bo dispensed with. Although that foree has been of great value in extending needed protection to the people, yet the continued pi??epce, of the military is a reproach to a Krpuhlican Slate Our government must rest, upon obedience to law, and upon tliat^Vlling support that the citizen should give jo the institutions thai protect hit A. * military ordtrs. The several Military Commanders liuve issued general and special orders during the existence of the Provisional Government of the State, which I recofntnend tlint you will declare of binding force uutil repealed or rt-nuereu inoperative u) act* ol llie Ueneral Assembly. The orders referred to relate to the collection of debt?, the stay of proceedings in the Court* in certain ea*e?, nod the relations of hiiiAlbrda and tenant*. Ac. It will prevent grcKt disturbance and inconveBieuce to inany of 6uf eiHion?, if tlie operation of thoee orders is continued ufitil they can be substituted by the necemary laws Indeed, the Supreme Cotirt of the \ United States It/is decided htciTe than ftiee I that military orderi, issued pursuant to, an Act ol Congress, for the government of any domain, acquired by conquest; continue in force per se as law until formally rep, nlcd | hy the rcgulurly organised civil government. '1 he decisions to which I refer, are found in*. 2ttlh Howard, page 270, enso of lutgone LeilOnsdorfer and Joah Houghton, riuintifTs in error versus James J. Webb; aod the case of CiO?s vs. Harrison, 2lst Howard, page 00 The former of these two cases wns brought up hy writ ol error from, the Supreme Cohrt of the Territory of New M rxico, the latter came np by writ of error from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern Iiislrict of Now York, and action wss brought to recover back dues paid at the port of San Francisco, California, upon the demand of an officer of the army, who was acting as collector ol that port under a military order. In both cases the Supreme Court of the United Status held that the executive authority ol the United States properly established a Provisional Government, whifch - ordained lawn and instituted a judicial system ; all of which continued in for^e dfftef the terrvrlnnHon of the war, mid until modified hy the direct legislation of Congrfcas, or by the Territorial Government established hy its Kuthofity. Although the esse of Sorth Carolina is not identlodl with thnt of New Mexico or lite Territory of California, yet the same principle of expediency, would appear to be involved in all, and the same wise policy requires the maintenance of many existing military orders to bridge over the transition period that must intervene between me ct-Doniiun ui mo n.iuinry m>vcrr.m?*nt and the enactment hy the General Assembly ol the statutes necessary for the regular administration of the State in its vurious departments. g A LAMM OF STATIC OVKK KRS. In view i f the impoverished condition of the Treasury, and the neeeeeity for the most rigid economy, in order to maintain the cra-iit of the Slate, I recommend that the sa laries of nil State officers shall he placed at audi a figure as wilt secureto them only a reasonable compensation for the discharge of their several duties. In fixing these sal aries. due allowance may properly he made for the difference between the gold rale at whieh they werA formerly paid and the preasnt market valne of tits currency ; and as the offices were created for (he benefit of the public, and not for the emolument of particular individuals, those who hold them may well be content with a fair compensation for the service that they may render to the 8*ate. 1 further recommend that you provide hy law for the appointment by the Governor of a Pilvate Secretary, such a salary as wl'l secure the necessary chrical skill ami intelligence for the proper discharge of all he duties of such office. CONCLUSION. Onr gratitude la due to the Giver of a)) good for l lie bright promises of an abundant bar vest now visible throughout the .State ? I'erinit me to express the hope that in all vonr deliberations the spirit of liAroionv and mutual forbearance, so necessary to the dignity of a legisla'ive body, may be care fully pr<served, and that our new Slate, through your wisdom and prudence, may inscribe upon tbe opening pages of its history, a record unsullied by the petty warfare of local interests, and that every member ol your bony will bear in mind tliat be owes not merely a duty to the particular locality that he represents, bat that the whole Stats of South Carolina now call* upon hint for the unselfish service of his head and heart. Let oa hope that the era of good feeling may soon return to the enlire people of the State, and that they will soon regard themeolves not simply as the inhabitants of an isolated section, but as citizens of a great nation, whose shins may float with safety upon every sea. an<! who e flag is the respected symbol of power and liberty in every land. E'V^lvrTS ? 1868. .? _c. i trust, gentlemen, that the omniscient Ruler of the Universe may sustain ami dis reet you in the arduous duties that lie before you, that all your net* may inure to the Common good of our whole people. ROBERT K. SCOTT, Governor of South Carolina ORIGINAL,. ^ For tho Southern Enterprise. [As tho subject of mixed schools has again been brought forward promiuently by the /nesmgvs o| Ex Gov. Orr and GovScolt, and will be one of the most important and delicate questious the present Legislature will have to deal with, it wdl not be inuppropriute to publish the remarks of B. O. Duiicmu. of Newberry, in Convention, against the adoption of the 10th Section, which contains lire very objeciionnble feature. It will b3 seen thut Mr. Drtncnn'a views correspond entirely wftli those of the Ex Governor, and also with those of Gov. Scott. It is alto known that some of the most intelligent colored members of the Convention who voted for this Section are now strongly opposed to it, and advocate separate schools.?Honors E.ntskprisc ] Mr. Pret'aUxt?I regret exceedingly at this late stage of our proceedings, to bo compelled to delaiu tho Convention by n prolonged discussion of any question. But since the Commilloe on Eduualiou persists in urging this section, 1 must beg your in. diligence while 1 enter into a discu-siou of the question somewhat on its merits. The subject of Education is, uuder the peculiar uoudition of our State, probably the most important one we have had to consider in this body. Its importance to our people individually, and tia a whole cannot be overlooked by any intelligent man. Our success us "a 'party, und our sue eeW as a people, depends entirely upon our . being able to educute the masses of the pc > pie. Of this, no one is more couvinced llinn 1 nui, nuti no one U i?ot v? earnest in live desire than I am, to see every innn wo man, and child in our State educated, without regard l? llio complexion of llieir skins fu thia view ol the subject, I know that j uiu sustained by the Intelligence, and 9irttie, aud Chr'utiau feeling of the State. Where thirc is opposition, it cotnea from prejudice uiid ignoranee. Tho feeling of opposition to the education of the Colored people was strong at the close of the war, it ia true; hut it ia now rapidly dy irtjj out among sensl hie men ; indeed among educated Ohrieti* ana it ia already entirely dcud. I need only refer, as proof of thia assortion, to the notion* of the Courcntictis, Conferences, ??o.of lite different denomination* of the State. T^e Baptist State Convention, which met nt Anderson last August, unanimously adopted resolutions introduced liy l)r. Furman. President of Par mail University, warm ly urging the education of the colored people in Sunday Schools, and in every way practicable ; and expressing regret that the poverty of the denomination would not allow it to false mora active step* The resolution* prcnlJe that colored Theological Students, or ministers applying for instruction to the Southern Theological SJeminary, at Greenville, shall receive such instruction* of the Professor*. That Baptist Conrfntiolt presided over liy Dr. Winkler, of tbi* city, and was cotrfpoacJ of the iufellicence and learning of tile denomination throughout the Slate. Mensuns of u like character have lam adopted hy similar bodies in tlie Slate ; and all over the State you find the intelligent, educated ftiinistrrs, founding Sunday Schools for colored children, and urging the necessity of their euiicsuon. 1 on nun iu many ihcaiii.ms strong objections, it ia true ; but it must lie remembered tlist (be majority of our white people are woefully Igmrant, and that ninny of the religious teachers are not able to r? ad the Bible correctly. My assertion applies only to the intelligent, and there I contend that 1 am right. The earnest detire to educate all the people, is general among them. Their prejudices have been overcome by intelligence, uiul this ia the only way prejudices cud be overootiie. And I now lake the position, that the only way the prejudices of race existing among our people can be overcome, ia by educating I Item. Let u? then not begin wrong in this ail important matter. Let ue not begin at the top of the hotiee to build downwards. But let us lay the fonnda1 ion aright, and we may build on it with confi dence that all will eoiuC out right. Let ua not begin where we ought to end. It we begin by educating the masses, we end by overcoming their prejudices. But if we begin hy attempting to overcome their prejudices by foice, and educating them aftei Wards, i ant continced that the w hole plan will resnlt in a failure. Now, what is likely to t?e the result of retaining this Section, and thereby opening the public schools to ail t Simply, that they would be attended only by the colored children. If the attempt is made to enforce a iriixture in this way, I have no idea that filly white children in the Stale would a' lend the public schools. The freedmen's schools are now. If I mistake not, open to all ; and yet I believe not one white pupil in the Hlatcattendsf hem. Tite result would i ,i.. ,i.. i,i. 1.1:. ..L l. i)l' rxnoii) III? "mr wmi ?iui |iuuiiv ninuiiB, This is a stale of affairs tlmt wo 'liould cer tninlv desire to avoid. In tho first place, the poor white children would he deprived of any ehnnce of educntion. They would continue ignorant, and degraded, and prejudiced. The whites who have means, would rend their chidren to private schools, but the poor whites would bo as heretofore, unable to do so. You would also have the strange condition of affairs, of the whites paying prohaidy nine tenths of the expenses of institutions, which, by their organization, they would regard themselves as shut out from using. This would be a continual barrier in the way of peaceable and friendly relations existing between the two races all over the country. It would, I bar, have n most injurious cfT. ct on the ratification of this Constitution, and go for towards counteracting the go*id impressions mado l>y our moderation ihue (sr. i 1 rise, w I u "i-n, i* NO. 10. 1 1 Again! in attempting to enforce mixed echools, you bring trouble, quarreling, and wrangling, into every neighborhood, nn<i that too, among those who are not directlv responsible to the luw, and who are more likely to be governed hv prejudice and pension, than by reason Tou come in contact with the women and ch;ldren, who arc more prejudiced and more difficult to control. Suppose the ense that it were p- sei , ble to force the whites to send to mix-if schools; and let a white hoy a- <1 >? u|uiv<\ boy have a little ".pass ot arms " s< would continually occur, and at once you have a * row oetween the mothers, which will frequently involve the fathers. In this way every neighborhood all over the State, would be kept In ? continual e'ate of turmoil and strife. In this way passion and prejudice of race will be continually nur^ lured, and peace and quiet will not be allowed to ptcvail in atiy poition ot the country. Both races, the colored, as well as the white, would have good ronton to conipluih of our inconsiderate action iu bringing about auch a state of affaire. But the very shrewd members of the committee contended a few days ago, while debating the fourth section ol this artiole,' that the question was not ' n compelling the white and colored children to attend the same schools. That was uot the idea at all; of this remarkably competent committee, as the gentleman ftom Darlington expresses' it. I supposo they will to day insist that the question is not on compulsion, hut on! mixed sclioyla They thought yesterday we On Id not s?-e forward, over five sections, to the tenth, nod to day they will think wo ennnot see backward the same distance.? Wonderfully shrewd ruon these arc, I wilt admit. Gentlemen, this is too serious a question, to tho poaco and welfare of the coudlry, lor me not to apeak out plninly the danger* hefore us. Tho gentleman front Darlington! (Whitlemore) has paid the committee oni Kducation a very high compliment for ability ; and yet 1 venture the assertion, that it has Introduced tho report most fraught with danger to the peace and harmony of the State, and to tho friendly relations between the two races. They attempt to force tfpou Sontli Carolina measures even in ndvunco of Massachusetts, though they know that wo are, in every r- spect, at least 0110 hundred years behind that much favored .State. They do not reflect that civilization is a plant of slow growth ; that wc cun only arrive at it gradually, and after long years of toil. They strive lo talk lenrned1 Ty ?1 Prussia, ami only show their v. aut of knowledge of fuels, by attempting to tiring it) a cum so dissimilar. They (orgot that, even in the time of the Cmsara, before tho time of Christ, Germany wiis a comparatively enlightened country, and has been in the van of civilization ever siuce. And y* the Prussians and Saxons, the most advanced afnong the Germans, huve only arrived at compulsory education within the last twenty years. Th'e gent Ionian from Darl lington even goes hack (I suppose I e would call it going forwaid) to the old !>? ciudemouian rule, and would take the children from their parents, and educate th< til' at the hands of the Siate. i tell you, gentlemen, these extreme measures are fraught with danger to the peace mid welfore of ' our countiy, aud should be defeated at all hazards. Now, how are we to avoid these dangers? This d oes not seem to me so difficult. Let us simply strike out this section and leavo the whole matter to the Lcgi-lnture. If llint body determines that the schools filiall be mixed, and it is found after a yeaf or two that the plan does not work well, It can easily be changed f but if we retain this section, no matter how injurious it may be found ; no matter bow dangerous tu the Welfare of the Country, end to ihe cause of educttion, it cannot be removed. It does seem to me that, we should lenvo a question so untried, so delicate, and yet of such paramount importance, where it may bo changed, If it is found that the first experimeats do not Work well. I believe we have everything to gain and nothing to lose by sneh a course. Wo would certainly gain utnong the whites, and i beliiiva wo would lose nothing among the colored ped* pie. Our colored people want schools tof -end their children to. That is a universal desire, And certainly a most praiseworthy one. But I do not believe lliey would prefer or even desire to have white children at'ending the same school* with their own. If tlo-y can have well 01 ganir.cd sohools under Competent and kind teachers, sustained i>y the public, I believe they will he perfectly satisfied. Now, would it not be far better to havo' schools entirely impartial in their organization, tint separate, and all classes attending' them, and acquiring an education, and everything working harCuftniously together/ than (or us to introduce a nfrea^nre hero that Would very likely prove injurfoito to' the cause of education, hm which we could not change, because it is in the C6ns(ilu-' tion. It secin to me Ihero should be no' doubt on this point among intelligent, reasonable men. Certainly, if tfe look at tho condition of the country, we will see the n(-Cc?siiy Of adopting such measures as wil 1 secure the educaiion of Che white people, as well as of the colored. It is estimated that from twenty to thirty per cent, of the grown up while men of South Carolina nio nimble to read or write. I suppose at least ninety per cent of the grown up colored fiVen jre in that condition; and indeed, if ten p. r cent, ot theiu have already learned . to read and write, it speaks Wonderlully well for them. We have then sixty per cent, of the growD up men, the voters of the Stale, unable to read or write. What M contrast does this present, in Comparison with a Northern State, whe 0 afrtocst every man is educated 1 In Massachusetts, only one grown man in two hundred and tift.v is not able to read and writ?, and hero we have at least sixty in the hundred who cannot Now, if the general theory t>? true, and all history provrs that it is, that only nn educated people can preserve a free government, our prospects are not very bright, if we do not adopt the best and surest means of educating the masses ns soon aa possible. 1 mention these facts to show Iho paiamount importance of doing nothing that will injure the csum of education.? The future welfare of our State, and of onr people. individually and collectively, depends upon o*:r success in this cause. ( do most sincerely trust and entreat that (hi* all-important question may receive the calm and carc.lul consideration it merlta; and that we will not adopt a seotion ho sure lo injure the cause of education in our Stale, as this moat ocrtainly would.