The Abbeville banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1847-1869, June 03, 1858, Image 1
TOff fra n TOT^T^WTTTi1 T? T? Td> /TV WW'Wo)
iii IfiJi'lih Vi LilkilkliLs . laUl iiUISia
TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM] "thie X>H.ioe of libehty IS htbrnaii vigiijanob." [PAYABLE IN ADVANCE
BY DAVIS & CREWS. ABBEVILLE, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 3, 1858. * VOL. XV NO. 6.
From Stedman's Magazine. | That there is a distinction between afloc- I l>ut. it nmw I... ; : ? ?! *'' " ""
LOVE METAPHYSICALLY CONSIDERED.
*
IJV WILLIAM S. GttAYSOX.
Poets and novelists liiivc written without
stint or measure about iove?that is to say
with respect to its effects and manifosta
tion6 ; but it is not their office ami province
but that of the metaphysician to tell of its
origin and relation to the other affections.
The first persons you happen to meet in
the circle of social life, will tell you some
of its effects and consequences in their own
experience, or as having occuired under
their observation ; but how lew arc there
who can trace the emotion to its fountain
head, classify ami arrange it, and assign its
position among tlie other emotions.
Can the reader tell wherein the emotion
of love of flowers differs from that of love
of money, if he will withdraw from his
consideration the things loved, and exclusively
consider the two emotions ?
We regard the love of dowers as a very
gentle, a very amiable, a very purified emotion
;?and we look upon the love of money
for its own sake, as eo;u>o, unpoetical and
degrading, lint then, it will not do to say
that the love of money for its own sake b
not love at all?is not the emotion now being
considered.
Every philosopher is under the necessity
of saying, there inny exist in the human
heart both a good and a bad Inrr.
If this be so, then the bad love is as
truly love as good and commendable
love.
"We experience or entertain a great variety
of loves?a great variety of emotions of
affection for worldiv or visible things, and
undoubtedly thev differ among themselves,
but whence arises the difference ? Is it intrinsic
or external ? Does the difference,
for example, between the love of flowers
ana me love ot mono)*, lake its or if/in externally,?that
is to say. in the distinction
between flowers and- money, or intrinsically,
?that is to sav, within the human heart'
If the reader will confine his attention to
the passion of love, and consider it, separate
and apart from ihc worldly or visible things
towards which it is "usually directed, he
Avili find it to be a very difficult one to do
fine, lie will experience that difficulty
when he comes to reduce his definition to
specific language, so as to make it intelligible
to other persons.
Speaking generally, we may be said to
regard love as a strong and dominant affection
; a sympathetic tenderness ; a warm
and decided preference for certain visible or
worldly, or certain invisible or heavenly
things.
liut the very moment you bring into
consideration the things preferred, the
things affected, the things sympathised
with, an l consider them, and the character
which they imparl to the a flection, you
cease, jiro lanto, to consider the affection.
The Question to bo Icirtii'lllniK' f.mci.l
A - " " 1 "T J
ered, is with respect to a human emotion
?an emotion lliat arises in the human bo60111;
and the matter that is not to he considered
now, is the visible things with
respect to which the emotion is occasioned.
Now, 1 would regard love, as thus considered,
as the state or condition of -the human
will or volition.
Then the question aiises, if love be the
state or condition of my will, can I
will to love, or not to love, as I please ?
In other woids, is love the subject of human
contiol ?
In the first i>Iace. if I cannot control mv
own emotions, can they be controlled at
all ?
And if I cannot control my own state
of affection, tlint affection must contro'
me.
If then, we suppose that our affections
have the mastery of us, free agency, or
freedom of action must be destroyed in
that regard. If dur freedom of action in
respect to our affections be destroyed, we
are not to bo either censured for improper
aiTections, or applauded for worthy ones.
I cannot, for uivsclf, very well conceive
liow one affection, or if you please, one
attachment, can diller from another, unless
in the particular of the strength or potency
of the feeling, if we remove from consideration
tho things beloved.
For example: My love for my dog, my
. lore of money, and my love of flowers, is
precisely the very same affection, except
that there may be a difference in degree or
strength, if we withdraw from consideration
tho dog, the money and tho flowers
things that are external to me.
. Let us examino this question more par
jtfcularly.. .
Jn the first place, my affection is vol
m untary.
Now, if my affection be voluntary, ii
sj cannot bo said to be causcd. Hence, rnj
affection for my dog is not caused by tb<
/ <Jog. My affection for money is not causec
y by jnoney. 11 cannot bo caused by anything
external to, or independent of me, if 1 bav<
the Agency jn its origination, or in othei
.K !a ! M.'- ?
worus, ii it an?o wmtm jr^e?11 it uave I
subj&etivo origin.
The question is truly one of the raos
important that can arise in philosophy
It ij ^8 to tbo origin of human aflfec
tion,
I
lion and tlio apprehention of a truth, or
in other words, between passion and intellect,
no one will for a moment dispute, but
no one, upon tlie other hand, will l?e found
' willing to affirm that they have*a different
? origin.
It is not to bo denied, that I am the au'
tlior of iny own emotions, and also of my
own intellectual operations. In other
words, I am capable of loving and of
thinking, and whatever display I may make
of either, originates with mo. If it do not
originate with me, I would be glad to be
informed as to the source of its origination.
If I am not the author of my own stales of i
thinking ami loving, I would he glad to <
know who or what is. * 1
l'oets and novelists, and speculative gen- j
tleinen, and gentlemen of glowing imaginations,
together with the disciples of pit re- (
nology, arc in tho hahit of assigning our
thoughts to tlie brain, and our passions to ,
the heart. ]?ut each position is equally (
puerile and fanciful.
No proposition in logic can be more un- j
deniable, than that if either niv thoughts ?,
originate in my brain, or my affections in |
my heart, I cannot bo their author; and t
hence, if not their author, I cannot bo held <_
responsible for them. t
Upon the supposition that my brain is S(
the seat of my intellectual operations, or s
mv heart that of my emotions, it might be H
logically a'gued that if I wero to become t
disembodied after death, I could neither j
think or love, independently of their operation.
And hence, it would follow, that j
death would be the annihilation of all men- i
tal and moral states. And this would no^
ative the possibility of the immortality of ^
the human soul. r
It is almost the common belief now, lliat i
there arc (fixrmbodicd spirits or souls of men r
and women in a realm different from our t
own, who exercise thought and affection. v
This common belief is utterly at war with
the supposition that the brain is the seat of ]
thought, or that the heart is the seat uf the v
affection. f
Xo logician will so stultify himself as to ^
liold, that the same embodied and disembodied
spirits can think and love, unless he |
admit that both thought and passion are v
independent operations of the same indi- t
vidua), considered as a unit, and considered t
as independent of his bodily organs ; that
is to say, independent of than for his poicvr t
of thought and affection. :1
J Wit let us listen to what two other per- <
sons have said on this subject, the one a
poet and the ether a philosopher of the ,,
phrenological school. Shakspcare says : ()
" O, that llatli ? heart of that, fine frame, j|
To pay this debt of love bin to a brother, ^
How will she love, when the rich u<>I<lcn shaft
. tl
llatl'i kill o the flock of all affections else
That live in her? when liver, brain ami heart,
These sov'reign thrones, ftt*eall supplied and tilleil,
Her sweet perfections, with one self same king." ji
The poet reckons that the heart may be li
fYorr.t'1 -..-I -ft ? i - - '
...w ..wvb vi tin uuici iuvu man niHt1 '
and killed thus made the love for her broth- '
er the soul-surviving king of hor liver,
, train anil heart, her sweet perfections !"'
Or: " IIow will she love, whose heart is
' of that fine frame to love but a brother,
when sho comes to love a lover, after the
golden shaft hath killed the flock of all her
affections, else even that for her brother in
eluded, and leaving her liver, heart and
brain supplied and filled but with tho one
love!" I
But let this puss, as it is aside from tbe ,
I main issue, while wo call attention to the ,
r extract from the philosopher.
5 David Hartley, who wrote " Observations
I on Man" in 1749, in order to supply the
' omission in Locke's great work on the <
5 "Human Understanding," said that the
r sersntions^)f man are equivalent to the vi1
brations of the brain.
Now it may be wrong, strictly speaking, i
t to class Hartley among phrenologists, since
. Gall, who is generally esteemed to be called
r tbe originator of that system, died as late as
1828, '
\
- ... -- J vv. IIIIII-W, n iiat lis UIV Villi*!
ground ami characteristic of phrenology ?
Is it not that the matter of the brain is th?
only material uso<l in tho process of sensa
tion ami thought? Ami that is the silbstancc
of the nhilosoiiliv nf '
, 1 ? "... ?.VJ
respect (o association and vibrations. lie
grounds his explication of sensation upon
tlie material workings of the brain. Willi
him, as with phrenologists, materialism and
necessity arc the logical consequences of
their respective teachings.
In no part of tlie works of Locke, is
found any attempt to detect the connecting
link existing between tlie matter of our or- i
gaiis, and the cause of our thoughts and I
emotions; or to expose the mode and manner
of sensational communication with the 1
intelligent being or spirit within. I
Tlrs is indeed the great problem in pliil- '
jsopliy. *
This problem is expressed in the in- ?'
piiry ; can matter think and have alloc- t
ions ?
'J'here is a great deal more of sound sense I
n the theory of Hartley than is generally 1
apposed, if we will only consider him as 1
laving taught that the man who inhabits 1
he body, and who is a!*o capable of being
liscinhodicd, is brought into comtnunica- 1
ion with the outer world by listening to, *
ind feeling the vibrations of his nervous s
yslem ; and also considering his nervous j <ystein
as a system of material tissues, ut- i 1
orly incapacitated to perforin any inde- I
leiulent action of thought or emotion. i
It does very well lo say that man, as an
mmortitl, an immaterial being, can both I
liink and feel. 1 >ut if we regard man as ?'i
i unit, this position, with rcspcct to him, I'
tinils us also to say that no part of the c
igeticy of thought and feeling is performed :l
y the operations of the material, bodily 0
trgaus that shut the man within and ox- 1
hide him from cnmiediatc communication '
vith the outer world. "
Let nic put the point a little plainer; Either
I am iir ii/fine<linte contact with the '
rorld around me, or I am embodied in a ^
rame of matter, which matter lies or inter- '
-toes between me and the world. 1
.Set us reason upon these two different v
osiiions. If I am in immediate contact
vith external things, no material tissues in '
lip nf imramia fl
..v. UIMCO IIU lll.tlll'l 111 I
lie shape of organs can possibly interpose <
etween nio and the world, for if they did, s
hey would destroy the inuncdiule relation 1
ssumed to exist between me and outwaid ?
bings. I
If material tissues, or nervous fibres of '
natter, or material organs encompass me, c
r embody me, and I have to be brought t
uto acquaintance with tlie world of outer a
liings through thrir agency and operations, ii
lien it follows, logically, that I am not in
miucdiatc contact with the outer world. c
The reader may take either of these two <
ositions he may prefer, for lliey have both l
ieen resolutely maintained by wiser heads, v
robably, than his or mine. I
.......inm iutur ucmg iramc-d, may be ji
able to pay a debt, which debt is love, and
also supposes that this frame may be pierced u
by a shaft, not only rich but golden, and it
that it also possesses flocks of affections v
that may all be killed, with the exception v
of love, and that that survives when liver, p
brain and heart, these sovereign thrones, is
are all supplied and filled with one self-same c
king. v
This may do in poetry, but will it do in v
metaphysical philosophy ? c
I do not know that I precisely understand v
what ihe poet means, when he speaks of t
the liver, brain and heart being supplied
and filled :?whether by her sweet perfee- p
tions, or by one self-same king. a
Is he to be understood as saying that s
her liver, brain and heart arc her sweet per- t
fections, and that these sweet perfections
are to be supplied and filled by a self-same c
king; or that her sweet perfections arc to 1
be referred to her capacity to love her broth- I
er and her lover?
And then, we may raise a quarrel over '
the word "else." i
Does it refer to her love for a brother, or (
love generally ? (
In other words, does the poet moan to cx- ^
/ luim
" How will slie love, who has a heart to
love a brother, when the golden shaft hath '
killnri llio fW.tr -'I ~*1? 1 *' " * 1
If I an) nn embodied being, but capable
f being disembodied, and also the same t
Jentical, immortal and immaterial being, n
diether embodied or disembodied, and s
vhilo in my present embodied state am ea- t
table of tbouglit and emotion, llicn there
5 no utility in saying that tlie bodily organs ii
ire the thoughts or perceptions, wo are so |
pnr from admitting, that we find it iinpossi- ,
L?lo to comprehend what can be meant by (
ibe assertion. The shakings are evidently j
throbbings, vibrations or stirrings in a (
whitish half-fluid substance, like* custard, ,
which we might see, perhaps, and feel, if ,
wo had eyes and fingers sufficiently small
and fine for their office. But whot should
wo see or feel upon the supposition that
we could detect by our senses everything
that actually took place in the brain ? We
Bhould see tbo particles of the substance
change their place a little, move a little up
or down, to the right or to the left,/ round
about or zigzag, or in souse other course or
direotipn. r. >
?
loinpanying every act of thought or per;eption
; but that the shakings themselves ,
n ueiiso uy wnicn 1 am surrounded and by n
irhich I am brought into communication
nth the outer world, can also cither think e
>r feel an emotion for mc, or, iu other f
rords, can operate intelligently or all'ec- e
ionately. Sl
Now if this be the state in which I am t
losited, the question arises: what office or /
genev is performed by the organs of sen- t
ation in the business of thought and onio- ?
ion ?
To this question there are but two con. i
eivable replies, and they are either the I
heorv of Hartley or that of Sir William t
Iamilton. t
The organs of sensation must, either with I
Jartley, givo or produce but a vibratory i
smotion, purely mechanical, and which ine- i
:hanical emotion leads me to thought and (
.1 ? *'
^hvhuii, ui uivj iiiu.si, wuii Dir wuiinm c
[Ianiilton, perforin tlio office and agency in i
ntelligent sensational emotion.
The question as to oflice and agency of t
lie organs of sensation in the affair of in- t
elligent emotion, yet remains to be definite*
y settled. I
Let us listen for a moment to what a |
/cry acute writer thiuks of the theory of .
[I irtley :
" There may bo little shakings in the ,
jrain for anything wo know, and there may ^
U'All lift shukiinrs of n Vmrl ft<v I
" i ins is nil that wo could sco if Dr.
Hartley's conjectures were proved by actual
observation, beoauso this is nil tliat exists in
motion according to our conception of it,
and all that we mean when wo say that
there is motion in any substance. Is it intelligible,
then, to say that this motion, the
whole of which Wo seo and comprehend, i?
thought and feeling, and that thought and
feeling will exist whenever wo can excite
a similar motion ill a similar substance ?
This was written in 1800.
Will the reader please bear in mind that
wo all speak of thought as an act of the
mind ? iS'ow an act is action, and all action
is motion, and vicc versa.
Of cour.-e no intelligent gentleman, at
his day, will suppose that the motion of
mo organs ot tlio body is thought ami
t cling. We all agree that matter cannot I
level'>p thought ami feeling. lJut how few
ire there among us who will deny that
here is feeling in the bodily organs ?
If I receive an injury in the shape of a
jlow upon my person, does lliero not arise
n the part injured a sense of feeling?call
t pain, if you please?there existing and
here prolonged ?
If this be so,?that is to say, if a feeling
lo arise in any portion of my body, that
cry aamo fueling cannot consistently be
aid to arise in my power of thought and
motion, unless you identify 1110 with the
>art alloclcd, and thus make nie a material
icing, and make matter capable of feeing,
which is the very point in issue.
I have no particular theory to ofl'er to
he reader's attention on this subject, but 1
in very much inclined to think with Ilartey,
that the organs of the body aro only
apable of incchanical motion or agency,
,nd that all intt/liycnl motion or agencv is
xcrcised or performed by a being wholly
inmaterial and wholly cmbolied in matter,
hereforc, if 1 hear any sound, or see any
'I'ject in thuouter world, I do these intelii;eiit
acts, (ami they art; bound to be intuligent
acts if performed by an intelligent
M.-ing,) upon the direct apprehension of 1110ion
or agency in my organs, similar to the
notion or agency carried 011 in the outer
vorld.
Bay, for example, I see a tree or a horse,
'lie process is effected iu this way: The
ays of liglit from the object fall upon my
>rgaii of vision and Ihcrc make an innm-a
? J
ion, which so far is wholly mechanical,
hit it ceases to be mechanical ami becomes
utcliigont, when I from within regard or
ich'jld that image or impression,- and from
he jnra/ilion that the imago has been
nisod by the rays of light operating boween
the horse and the retina of my eye,
.tul that it is a horse or a tree that the
mage represents.
If now, 1 itircctli/ apprehend the motion
r mechanical agency of my organs, I must
hdirectly apprehend the objects and moions
existing and carried 011 in the outer
rorld, since I apprehend the one through
he office and agency of the other.
But the question that I wished to bring
o the reader's attention is this: Since a
nan is a unit, do not his thoughts and pas
I'jiio ui iL?u?<4ii; in niu siiiuc source,?tliiit is
o say, in bin) as a unit ?
In other words, do liis thoughts originate
11 one faculty, aud do his affections orifi
O
tate in another and a different one?
We may still state the question differntiy
: Are there two separate and distinct
iiculties or provinces in a being aelcnowldged
and declared to bo a unit himself,
md as such, capable of thought aud emoiou
; and are we to assign his thoughts and
lis emotion?, not to him as a unit, but to
wo different faculties, separate from hiui
ind separate from each oilier?
In the first place, if I am the author of
ny thoughts, originated and caused to exist
jy my own independent agency, can it,
hen, be said with consistency that my
houghts originate in one of my faculties ?
Does not the whole debate turn upon the
neaning to be attached to the term faculty ?
n what light are we to regard the faculties
>f a being who is always and undor allcirjumstanccs
to bo regarded sis a uuit, and
lot as dual or triuno ?
Jievcnons a nos monlous: Let us reurn
to tho subject of love, or affecion.
l)oc3 tlio affection of the heart of the
over for his mistress originate-in the same
rountain that his thoughts with respect to
abstracts do ?
On this point, I think ith the French
writer in respect to light: " On ne cherche
noint a prouver la lumierc." There is 110
need to prove that light exists.
So it is not necessary to prove that ofir
lliougliU and affections arise in tho same
fountain, so long as we hold man to bo a
unit, or being immortal and immaterial,
capable of producing his own states'ot being,
his own relation to the things of t^e
outer world, whether they present then?
selves in the form of animated beauty*
or in tho shape of abstract truth.
" IIo that made us with auq)> larga discourse,
Looking before and after, gave as not
That capacity and God-lilte reasons
To rust in us unused.'^?S/ialgpear*.
Ono of the tffost celebrated pulpit orators
of Paris, the Abbe de Degnerry, said in k
sojmon during lent: " Women, now-a-days,
forget in tbo astonishing amplitude of their
dresses, that the gales of heaven are very
narrow."
*
#
mM
THE CHEMISTRY OF WINE
The chemical components of grape juice,
aro grape and fruit sugars, gelatinous matter,
or pectin, gum, fat, wax, vegetable albumen
and vegetable gluten, tartaric acid,
both free, and combined with potash as
cream of tartar, partly also combined with
lime. In some analysis have been fouinl
laconic acid, malic acid, partly free and
alumina; further, oxide of iron and oxiile
manganeso, sulphate of potash, common
sail; phosphate of lime, magnesia, and silicic
acid.
The skin?, stones, and stalks all yield
tannic acid ; which tannic acid, turning
brown by cxposuro to the atmosphere?becoming,
in fact, that Cinderella of the chemists
known as apothema?gives its hue to
(unailultcred) white wine. For tlinro ?<>
such tiling as a purely colorless wine; even
the celebrated Vine cobedino, called colorless,
is a pale yellow. This is the reason
too, why raisins arc all uniformly dark-skinned,
whether they be of purplo or white
grapes; the tannic acid in their skins turning
brown by exposure to the air in the
process of drying.
The purple grape has, beside that tannic
acid, a coloring matter"of its own, which is
properly a distinct blue, but by the action
ot acid is converted into a deop or red purple.
In unripe grapes saturated with aeids
it is a bright led, as we all have seen ; and
young wine is always more blight and more
brilliang llian llial which lias matured. As
the grape ripens so does the skill or coloring
manner, become more purple or bine. The
loss acid dark of the skin, till over-ripe purple
grapes become positively black, l'ulcven this
deep color gradually changes by age as well
as by exposure, and the bright rod of the
young wine?due partly to an excess of
phosphoric acid?by degrees sobers and
mellows into the "tawny port" so dear to
commissures : that is, the tannic acid is converted
into apothema, and with the acid
goes the ruby like color.
In the best Burgundy and colored Champagne
the skins remain in the liquid from
two to three days, this is to color them ; in
Modoc r.tx days ; eight days in tho French
wines of the south ; and fourteen in the
dark astringent vin ordinaire cf the tables
d'hote. To clear white wines, also to make
them lighter if Inn rlnrL- /-?1hn?rw.?n ?>' '
isinglass arc used; This is the modo by
which white port wine is obtained. In
Spain they use powdered marble for the
purpose; in other countries gypsum and
smid; also Ailing tip any deficiency in the
casks with clay and sand. In warm cliraates
neither album eh nol- isinglass is used,
as these being animal substances, would
decompose too readily; as, indeed, they do
in colder climates when used in cxcess.?
Powdered gum-arabic is substituted ; dried
blood-milk and cream are also used, as well
as lime. ^Lime seeins to be the be?t for the
purpose, making the wine sweeter and less
astringent, and giving it the appearance of
ago. if used in excess, it turns the wine
brown. Speaking of albumen, ono reason
why Burgundy is a bad keeping wine is
owing to the free use of albumen and isinglass.
Containing but little tannic acid in
thebegining, these animal substances readily
decompose, and the cask "goes to the bad"
after a very short time.
f
10 niixjv irum grapes winch liavo
almost ?1 ried on the vines; anil all the socalled
Vin sec assumes to lie made under
the like conditions. Vin do paille is from
grapes dried on straw, and Vin cotti from
boiled juice. All these processes have the
same object?namely the evaporation of
the watery particles in the grape, thus leaving
only a lieh, pure, alcoholic juice. We
say alcoholic, though, perhaps, we ouglit to
have said saccharine ; but they are afmo^W
synonymous terms; for the more sugar
tlierft ia in (Iia nrronn 1 **
... ...w vuo iiil" v Hicoiioi tnero |
will be in the wine. One hundred and
ninety-eight of sugar gives ninety-two of
alcohol; thus, if our strong ports give sixteen
per cent, of alcohol, the grape must
have had thirty-four per cent, of sugar;
which, if not impossible, seeing that it is
affirmed that even forty per cent, of solid
particles of sugar may bo obtained fr^b
ripe grapes, is, at least, an unusual average
French and German grapes give fromscveu.
to fifteen per cent, but the usual figures
range from thirty to thirteen. In Holland it
is only from ten to twelve. Grape sugar is
obtained by boiling the juico with chalk to
saturate the free acids, then filtering the lir
quid and washing the precipitate. The liquid
is then mixed with albumen, boiled,
filtered, and evaporated, when the crystials
of sugar are deposited.?Household WordsThe
Value of Prayer?Prayer is a
heaven to the shiprecked man, an anchor to
them that are sinking in the waves, a staff
to the limbs that totter, a mine oPjewols to
the poor, a healer of diseases, and a guardian
of health. Prayer at once iecurcs the
Continuance of .our blessings, and disfeipates
the cloud of our calamities. O, blessed
prayer; thou art the unwearied conquorer
rtf lllimon tanaa <' " ? ' * '
M ...<? fTWVWj fclJO III III IOUQUAllOD of
human happiness the sources of ever enduring
joy, the mother of philosophy. The
man who can pray truly, though languish,
ing in extremest indigence, is richer than all
beside; whilst the wretch who never bowed
the knee, though proudly seated as monarch
of all nations, is of all nion the most destitute.?
Chryaosiom.
BULWER ON THE DESTRUCTION OF JERU3A- fu
LEM. J,.,
A few weeks ago Sir K. lJulwer Lytton Pr,
delivered a lecture in Liiicoliu, which city l|,
lie lias for a number of years represented *
in Parliament, 011 the early history of Kas j-j'
torn nations. lie gave an outline of tbe ;ir
history of the Babylonian, Assyrian, I'er- )a<]
sian, Egyptian, Greek and Jewish nations, W(
and closed with tlie following powerful and f;l,
dramatic description of the destruction of (||(
Jerusalem l>y Titus: pr
Six years after tlio birth of our Lord, ;,M
Judea and Samaria became a Roman prov- tin
iuce, under subordinate governors, the most ti11
famous of whom was Pontius Pilate. These
governors becamo so oppressive that the
Jews broke out into rebellion ; and seventy
years after Christ, Jerusalem was finally be
sieged by Titus, afterwards Kmperor of
Home. No tragedy 011 the stage has the
same scenes of appalling terror as are lo I c
found in the history of this siege. The *?
city itself was rent by factions at tlio dead. '
liest war with each other?all the elements "l
of civil hatred bad broke loo?,e?the sheets 101
were slippery with tlie bloml of citizens? '''
brother slow brother?tlte granaries were l'"
set on fire?famine wasted those whom the l';l'
swonl did not slay. In the midst of these w'
civil massacres, tins Roman armies appeared 1
before the walls of Jerusalem. Then tor a
' short time the rival factions united against
rithe
common foe; they were again the gal
lant countrymen of David and Joshua? w'
they sailed forth and scattered the eagles of 'ul
Rome. J?ut this triumph was brief*, the t'e ,:a
rocity of the ill-fated Jews soon again >l1''
wasted itself on each other. And Titns
marched on?encamped his armies close by
the walls?and from the heights the lloman
general gazed with awe on the strength "1"
and splendor of the oity of Jehovah.
I
lift us hero pause?ami take, outs Ives, ^
a mournful glance at Jerusalem, as it then
was. The city was f? rtilied by a triple wall, J
save on one side, where it was protected by
1 Ol
deep and impossible ravines. These walls j
of tho most solid masonry, were guarded
nr
by strong towers ; opposite to the loftiest
of these towers Titus had encamped. From
tho height of that tower the sentinel might
have seen stretched below the whole of that
fair Territory of Judea. about to pass from \
. . fir:
tlie countrymen of David. Within these
Walls was the palace of the kings?its roof, ^
of cedar, its doors of the rarest marbles, its
chambers filled with the costliest tapestries, (
and vessels of cold and silver, (troves and
b iih
gardens gleaming with fountains, adorned
. ? . . UK
with statues of bronze, divided the courts
of the palace itself. But hi''h above all
. . , ? , , m<
upon a precipitous rock, rose the temple, ^
fortified and adorned by Solomon. The
temple was as strong without as a citadel?
within more adorned than a palace. On
entering you beheld porticoes of number
less columns of porphyry, marble and ala.
baster; gates adorned with gold and silver,
0 0 ree
anions which was th?> ??n?wl.?rfiil ?? !?
- t]ol
the Beautiful. Furtheron. through the vast
lOV
arch, was the sacred portal which admitted j.
into the interior of tlic temple itself al|
sheeted over with gold and overhung l>y a
vino tree of cold, the branches of which
. .... . , . "?>1
were as large as a man. 1 lie roof of the . .
temple, even on the outside, wan set over
with golden spikes, to prevent the birds settling
there and defiling llie holy dome. At
a distance, the whole temple looked like a ^
mount of snow, fretted with golden pinnacles.
lint, alas, the veil of that temple had '',l1
I been already rent asunder by an inexpiable
i crime, and the Lord of Hosts did not light co
with Israel. But the enemy is thundering ^
at t'-~ "">11. All around the city arose im- 1C
-me noiirnj
do
w
f
L
spectres than livincr men I Liu..
the belts of their iwords, the sandals of their ***'
feet. Even nature itself so perished away,
that a mother devoured her own infant; HUI
fulfilled the awful words of the warlike ^
mpphet wlio had first led the Jews towards ''
the land of promise?" The tender and del- ^
icate woman amongst you, who would not
adventure to set the sole of her foot upon
the ground for delicatencss and tenderness ,n
?her eyes shall bo ovil toward her young
one and the children that she shall bear> ^ .
for she shall eat them for want of all things
secretly in the siege and straightness wherewith
thine enemy shall distress thee in thy sti
gates." Still, as if the foe and tho famine
was not scourgo enough, citizens smote and 8u
murdered each other as they went in the de
way?false prophets went howling through jt.
the streets?cvey itnago of despair com- be
pletes the ghastly picture of tho fall of Je- ;t?
rusalem. And now tho temple was set on Atl
fire, the Jews rushing through the flames (]c
%> perish amidst its ruins. It was a calm tu
summor night?tho 10th of August; the
whole hill on which stood the temple was ^
one gigantic blaze of fire?the roofs of ce- f
uar crasuea?tne golden pinnacles of the
dome were like spikes of crimson flame
Through the lurid atmosphere all was carnage
and slaughter; the echoes of shrieks
and yells rang back from the Hill of Zion
and the Mount of Olives. Amongst the
smoking ruins, and over piles of the dead>
Titus planted the standard of Rome. Thus
were fulfilled the last avenging prophecies
?thus perished Jerusalem. In that dread" b<
I day men still were living who might
lvu hcnril the warning voice of Him they
ueified?" Verily, I say unto you all, these
iiigs shall come upon this generation. *
* O, Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that
Most the prophets and stonest them th-t
r sent to thee, * * * behold your
mse. -is left unto you desolate 1" And thus
sre the Hebrew people scattered over the
:e of the earth, still retaining to this hour
L-ir mysterious identity?still a living
Dof of the truth of those prophets they
<1 seorn <1 or slain ; still, vainly awaiting
it Messiah, whose divino mission was filled
eighteen centuries ago, upon the
Mint of Calvary.
EXCRUCIATING.
ksk 1?In front of a Fashionable Hotel.
Gentlen a < dismoun ting from his horse.
"Stabler, attend ! refrigerate my beast by
lowing him twice to circumnambulate
fountain; that accomplished, toim>.?
a moderate quantity of aqueous paries
; conduct him with care to the rennsi
' " *
ry for wearied beasts, and having clothed
luster his dirty skin by a gentle applicant
<>{ the vegetable material, commonly
lied straw, sutler him to partake of food
li.-h shall allbrd nourishment and gentle
>ose."
.Stabler?(laughing.) "W-h-a-t, sir!"
Gentleman?"What sir! Stand you thus
e one who has no reason in his soul,
iile this poor beast, whose every pore is a
it of gushing strength, grows valetudiry
'neatli Sol's oppressive rays. Yevolo
barbarian I"
Stabler?(laughing still more unrcstrainly.)
"I can't understand a word you say,
; but I suppose you want your horse put
Gentleman?"Stupidity unequaled !?
mdlord, fulminate your censures against
is taidy chilli, who thus manifests oppug
huh kj my hum res, and conduct me to Seidell
apartments, and bring restoratives
tin; most vivitio character, to reinstate to
uir former power (lie varied energies of
y exhausted frame.1'
I landlord?"I will, sir.*
Gentleman?" Preposterous ! And you,
, unite in the disgraceful merriment of
nr minion ! I should surmise myself the
>t of the species you ever beheld."
Landlord?(laughing still more.) " InL'd
you are, sir."
Gentleman?"Terminate this prolix
mo, atid officiate as guide to my apart:uts.
At the hour of dinner, summons
i ; if weariness should have caused me
be r< cunihent in 1 r? .in*. - :?4
.ctillllllM.>
wit.li tlie breutli of a fan."
i:Ni: 2 ? The Dining Room. Gentleman
m"liit;/ himself at the table, dinner over,
mill others stamliny in the room.
( entlctnati?" E should judge voracity'
I ignorance a prevailing characteristic
tlie mansion. 1 see nothing among these
king ruins worthy the regard of a genman's
palate. Waiter, I desire a female
irl, sufliciciitly, but not redundantly made
hit! by fire."
II in brought*
u Waiter, dissent with care the same; do
I not violently separate the parts, lest my
uLs should sufier dislocation from the disrdant
sounds."
It is done.
* jailer, place a tender portion of the
;ast upon my plate, with necessary accomiim?MiH."
ll is done as ordered and tlie gentleman
inmcnccs liis dinner.
\ wag, who with others, had observed
ise proceedings, seats himself at the table
posile our hero.
~ "v??ter. furnish mo with a female
id does
.npoiicnt
^
"Vaiter, divide those parts im*/ portions,
ited to labial capacity."
Opening his mouth and throwing himself
ck in the chair. ^
MVaitcr, place oue of them iu the orifice
fore you."
Our hero begins to understand the quiz,
d is evidently much disconcerted.
" Vaitcr, vay my jatosJ"
Amid roars of laughter, and curses upon
3 lips, our hero rushed from the rooom.
The K"h i noor Diamond.?There is a
ange superstition in India. that. tlif? f*
ous Koh-i-noor diamond now in posses>n
of Queen Victoria, entails ruin and
struct ion on every dynasty that possesses
This is its history as for hack as it can
traced ; but ii hsi* Imimi nil of
i possessors hiivi? l?>n im-n ol violence
id* crime, who ru.eit lawlessly, and plunred
ruthlessly, and their plundered wealth
rued to curses, and not to blessings.
m i
Sheridan'8 Calendar.?The following
d dish of rhyme on the weather has been
k led " Sheridan's Rhvminp Calendar
" January snowy, July moppy,
February flowy, August croppy,
March blowy, September poppy,
April showry, October breexy,
May floury,* Nowemtwrwhwg^^
"The best way to
gainst scandal, is t^^rfi#w6*l||^rks
j false wLicU ouglit n6t to " a
. . >
__